DOCSLIB.ORG

World Bank Document

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
World Bank Document Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized CENTRAL ASIA IN EUROPEAND THE WORLDBANK BEYOND TRANSITION he Europe and Central Asia region’s 28 countries* face diverse challenges ranging from meeting EU accession requirements to establishing viable Tpublic institutions and rebuilding shattered societies after wars and natural disasters. The World Bank is working with each of these countries as a partner in advancing their development. The World Bank is committed to pursuing the Millennium Development Goals agreed at the UN General Assembly in September 2000. The most important of these goals is to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, which is crucial in a region that has gone through traumatic changes over the past decade. With a focus on achieving concrete results, the World Bank is concentrating on three broad areas: • Building the climate for investment and growth •Promoting an efficient and accountable public sector • Ensuring social and environmental sustainability The ECA region encompasses both middle- and low-income nations whose shared experience of the transition from plan to market sets them apart from other regions. While there has been remarkable progress in many countries, poverty, inequality and unemployment remain high, making the World Bank’s poverty reduction mission critically important. *As defined by the World Bank, the ECA region includes: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovak Republic, Slovenia,Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Slovenia moved from borrower to donor status on March 17, 2004.The World Bank maintains a separate assistance program in the Province of Kosovo (Serbia and Montenegro), which is under temporary administration by the United Nations according to UNSC 1244. Contents Challenges over the first 15 years 4 Vision for the next 10 years 7 Improving the climate for investment and growth 9 Promoting an efficient and accountable public sector 18 Ensuring human development and environmental 27 sustainability World Bank contacts 46 Business opportunities 52 1 BEYOND TRANSITION: THE WORLD BANK IN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA About the World Bank Group Founded in 1944 the World Bank Group* is one of the world’s largest sources of development assistance, providing $18.5 billion in loans to its client countries in fiscal 2003, running from July 2002 to June 2003. The World Bank Group works in more than 100 devel- oping economies and is owned by 184 member countries whose views and interests are represented by a Board of Governors and a Washington-based Board of Directors. Together known as the World Bank, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA) provide loans and development assistance to middle-income countries and less creditworthy poorer countries. The IBRD raises money for its development program by tapping the world’s capital markets, and IDA—through contributions from wealthier member governments. * The World Bank Group has five parts, of which three are distinct affiliates—the Inter- national Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Develop- ment Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) and the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). IFC, MIGA and ICSID are affiliates. From the Crimean coast of Ukraine (pictured here) to the Danube wetlands of Romania, the region has rich natural ecosystems, many of which the World Bank and its partners are helping to protect. 2 The World Bank in Europe and Central Asia New European Union (EU) member states: The World Bank has updated a partnership framework to provide support during the initial phase of EU membership to the eight new member states of the ECA region (Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia). EU candidate countries: World Bank assistance increasingly focuses on assisting them in meeting the requirements of the EU acquis communautaire* as well as addressing broader develop- ment needs (Bulgaria, Croatia**, Romania and Turkey). Western Balkans: The strategy has evolved from post-conflict stabilization and reconstruction to structural reform, institution- al development and integration into Europe (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Serbia and Montenegro). Kazakhstan, Russian Federation and Ukraine: With the deep- ening of reforms in the larger economies of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the World Bank is providing advisory and, selectively, financial assistance for improving the business environment, boosting public sector reform and mitigating social and environmental risks. Other CIS countries: The World Bank is working with the inter- national community to accelerate growth and reduce poverty by providing advice and financial support for sustainable recovery and stability (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, the Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan). * The acquis are the laws, rules and regulations governing the EU. ** To be confirmed by EU Council in June 2004. 3 Challenges over the first 15 years Emerging from the transition recession The ECA region has undergone dramatic economic, social and political change over the past 15 years. For most of the 480 million people in the region’s 28 countries, the transition from central planning to open mar- ket has been protracted and at times painful. Many countries saw sharp declines in economic activity and trade—and in the well-being of their people. Nevertheless, all of the region’s economies grew between 2002 and 2004. Economic performance in Russia and the Caspian basin has been bolstered by huge reserves of energy and mineral resources. The prospect of joining the European Union was an anchor for reforms in the better performing states of Central Europe. And the promise of integration has fostered peace and reconciliation in Southeast Europe. Inequality has increased sharply since 1990. Rising poverty and unemployment have taken a toll, with Southeast Europe and the CIS countries among those hardest hit. In Russia and Ukraine, Southeast Europe, and Central Asia the spread of HIV/AIDS and TB is a major concern. Yet spending on health and education has dropped. And the environment requires attention, with the legacy of natural resource exploitation and polluting industries left over from central planning still evident. The low-income CIS countries were profoundly affected by the breakup of both the Soviet Union and its common economic space. They have the highest incidence of poverty, the deepest institutional weakness- es, and the greatest debt burdens of all the ECA countries. They also have the potential to gain significantly from regional cooperation and natural resource development. 4 CHALLENGES OVER THE FIRST 15 YEARS Support from the World Bank Over the past decade and a half the World Bank has committed $53.4 bil- lion for programs and projects, leveraged by $10 billion in co-financing. With 318 active projects, the current portfolio is $15 billion, roughly 20 percent of the World Bank’s global portfolio. The World Bank conducts a wide range of analytical and advisory activities in the region, from region- al studies of HIV/AIDS to firm level surveys measuring progress in the fight against corruption. The break-up of the Soviet bloc and the economic and social transition has been painful for many countries. However, the mostly peaceful nature of the transition and the now broad recovery gives hope for the future. By helping governments follow through with second phase reforms, the World Bank can help ensure better opportunities for future generations. 5 CHALLENGES OVER THE FIRST 15 YEARS Millennium Development Goals* 1. Reduce extreme poverty and hunger—Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day (or, in the ECA region, under $2.15 a day) 2. Achieve universal primary education—Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere will be able to complete a full course of pri- mary school 3. Promote gender equality and empower women—Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005 and to all levels of education no later than 2015 4. Reduce child mortality—cut by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate 5. Improve maternal health—reduce, by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria, and other diseases—Have halt- ed, by 2015, and begun to reverse, the spread of HIV/AIDS 7. Ensure environmental sustainability—Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and reverse the loss of environmental resources; halve, by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water; and, by 2015 achieve a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers 8. Develop a global partnership for development * From the United Nations Millennium Declaration, endorsed by Heads of State and Gov- ernments in the U.N. General Assembly on September 8, 2000. 6 Vision for the next 10 years he ECA region has a large unfinished development agenda—from sustaining the recovery that began
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Economic Mitigation Challenges: How Further Delay Closes the Door for Climate Targets
    Economic Mitigation Challenges: How Further Delay Closes the Door for Climate Targets – Policy Brief – Gunnar Luderer, Nils Petermann, Robert Pietzcker, Christoph Bertram, Elmar Kriegler, Malte Meinshausen, Ottmar Edenhofer September 2013 1 Motivation and background Climate change is broadly recognized as one of the major global challenges humanity is facing (IPCC 2007). The ultimate goal stated in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is to “prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. In the Copenhagen Accord and the subsequent Cancun Agreements, the international community adopted the long-term target of limiting the increase of global mean temperature to no more than 2°C relative to pre-industrial levels. While no level of global warming can be considered inherently safe, stabilization of climate change at 2°C above pre-industrial levels may substantially reduce the risk of large-scale discontinuities, for instance the melting of the Greenland ice sheet (Lenton et al. 2008; Smith et al. 2009). Despite the broad recognition of the 2°C target, progress in the implementation of concrete emissions reduction policies has been slow. Even with the implementation of climate policy measures in several world regions (UNEP 2012), global emissions have continued to rise (EDGAR 2011). Reaching the 2°C target with a likely chance implies a tight limit on cumulative future anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Meinshausen et al. 2009; Matthews et al. 2009). Various reports have concluded that pledged national 2020 reduction targets fall short of the reductions required to meet the 2°C target in a cost-optimal way (UNEP 2010, 2011, 2012; Rogelj et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Earth Melbourne
    Friends of Annual Report 2010-2011 the Earth Melbourne Friends of the Earth 312 Smith St, Collingwood, VICTORIA 3066 | 03 94198700 | www.foe.org.au OUR VISION OUR CAMPAIGN APPROACH Friends of the Earth Melbourne believes that There are millions of Australians who are working Friends of the Earth (FoE) social and environmental justice is indivisible. towards a better future, in their homes, their Melbourne, is an independent As a result, FoE Melbourne is a social and workplaces, their families, and through political environmental justice organization that seeks action. FoE Melbourne has a strong ‘movement’ community-based organisation to work towards a sustainable and equitable focus in its work, seeking to support strategic working towards an ecologically future in ways that empower individuals and and effective community action for a sustainable sustainable and socially just future. local communities. and just future. This is reflected in our style of campaigning, which often occurs within alliances. We are membership-based, and This means that FoE Melbourne operates on collective consensus for decision-making. Over the past few years, our campaigns have open to all people who share our However each campaign collective operates been broader than ever before, and we operate vision. We are the local member autonomously and sets its own goals and raises through a range of tactics, including involvement it’s own funding. FoE Melbourne is one of the in government planning processes, research of Friends of the Earth Australia, oldest local groups in the Australian Federation and policy development, community education which is in turn the national and has been active in Melbourne since the and outreach, alliance building, advocacy and early 1970s.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Living Program
    The 12Th annual how low program guide can you go? REUSEME 2011 FeSTIVal TheMe KEY MeSSAGE PaRTneR MISSION SAFE CLIMATE In 2011 the Sustainable Living Festival is But so what! How does climate change We have run out of time for half-measures. on a mission, a safe climate mission. affect us living here in Australia? Well It is now imperative that we form a sound strategy to ensure a safe climate There’s already too much carbon in the major damage to our ecological systems is restored – for all people, all species atmosphere and that’s heating up our planet threatens our way of life. The environment and all generations. at a staggering rate. But what does that mean? that we depend on relies on a stable Isn’t a hotter climate good for getting a tan climate that helps us to produce basic The next 10 years are critical for our planet. and hang’n at the beach? NO way! Heating up things like food and water supply, in fact, To protect our environment and to avoid the planet is causing crazy climate chaos; it’s our whole economy depends on it. tipping points in the climate system it is melting our ice caps, causing floods and sea Your country needs you for this vital necessary to act as fast as possible. levels to rise. mission. So step up and let’s cut our Harnessing the power of collaboration, emissions to restore a safe climate and The Transition Decade brings together sustainable future. an alliance of groups and individuals to The Festival is full of great ways to help you build a decade of change—all working take the leap and get down to ground zero together to define how a safe climate emissions.
    [Show full text]
  • Possible Actors in Local Foodscapes? LEADER Action Groups As Short Supply Chain Agents—A European Perspective
    sustainability Article Possible Actors in Local Foodscapes? LEADER Action Groups as Short Supply Chain Agents—A European Perspective Csaba Ruszkai, Ilona Pajtók Tari and Csaba Patkós * Innoregio Knowledge Centre/Institute of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Eszterházy Károly University, 3300 Eger, Hungary; [email protected] (C.R.); [email protected] (I.P.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +36-36-520-467 Abstract: In recent decades, alongside industrialized agriculture and food-supply systems, an alternative, network-based framework has evolved supporting local development, social innovation and sustainability objectives. Short supply chains are in the focus of the new era. At the same time, from the 1990s a new, bottom-up, spatially bound rural development method, the Liaison Entre Actions pour le Development de l’Economie Rurale (LEADER) approach, has arisen. The purpose of this study is to examine the involvement of LEADER local action groups in the management of alternative food systems in Europe. After a literature-based, detailed theoretical review, a quantitative analysis concerning the content of the official websites of action groups was conducted. A local product promoting quantitative index was created from the qualitative characteristics of the sites. From the collected data, using basic statistical analysis and thematic mapping connections were searched between local action group general characteristics and their short supply chain support activities. The results indicate notable national differences between Western and Eastern European and Mediterranean LEADER groups, supporting previous literature. It may be concluded that local action groups as potential hubs of social innovation, can be crucial actors in local foodscapes, mainly Citation: Ruszkai, C.; Pajtók Tari, I.; in less developed areas where other non-profit or for-profit organizations are unable to manage Patkós, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Alterorganic: Local Agendas for Organic Agriculture in Rural Development Proceedings of an International Workshop at Bonn-Königswinter, Germany, October 21-24, 2002
    AlterOrganic: Local Agendas for Organic Agriculture in Rural Development Proceedings of an International Workshop at Bonn-Königswinter, Germany, October 21-24, 2002 edited by Johannes Kotschi Wolfgang Bayer Thomas Becker Berthold Schrimpf AlterOrganic: Local Agendas for Organic Agriculture in Rural Development Proceedings of an International Workshop at Bonn-Königswinter, Germany, October 21-24, 2002 This publication has no copyright. AGRECOL e.V. encourages the translation, adaptation and copying of materials for non-commercial purposes, provided that the original credits are maintained. Correct citation: Kotschi J, Bayer W, Becker T & Schrimpf B (eds). 2003. AlterOrganic: local agendas for organic agricul- ture in rural development: proceedings of an interna- tional workshop at Bonn-Königswinter, 21-24 October 2002. Marburg: Agrecol e.V. Published 2003 by Agrecol e.V., Marburg, Germany ([email protected]) Cover photograph courtesy of: Mohan Dhamotharan Chapter introduction photographs courtesy of: Mohan Dhamotharan: chapters 1, 2, 5 Thomas Becker: chapters 3, 4, 6 Wolfgang Bayer: annex Cover and book design: Marcus Haffner Editors: Kotschi J, Bayer W, Becker T & Schrimpf B Language editing: David Frost Printed by Völker & Ritter Druck, Marburg, Germany ISBN 3-8236-1403-7 Table of Contents Foreword 6 Bonn Declaration 9 I. Opening and Welcome Addresses 12 II. Introduction 26 Re-thinking Organic Agriculture in the South 27 III. Technology Development and Advisory Services 34 1. Keynote: Developing Technology in Organic Agriculture (Chesha Wettasinha) 35 2.Keynote: Advisory Services in Organic Agriculture - Rather Food for Thought than State of the Art (Berthold Schrimpf) 42 3.Case Study: Spreading the Good Word - Knowledge Development Strategy for Organic Farming (Bala Chandran, Ecofarm, Kerala/India) 49 4.Report of the Working Groups 54 IV.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Beyond Zero Emissions in the Australian Climate Debate
    University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences & Humanities 1-1-2012 The role of beyond zero emissions in the Australian climate debate Adam Robert Lucas University of Wollongong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/artspapers Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Lucas, Adam Robert, The role of beyond zero emissions in the Australian climate debate 2012, 134-148. https://ro.uow.edu.au/artspapers/1533 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] THE ROLE OF BEYOND ZERO EMISSIONS IN THE AUSTRALIAN CLIMATE DEBATE Adam Lucas Early in 2011, the Journal of Australian Political Economy (JAPE) published a special issue titled, ‘Challenging Climate Change’. It brought together a number of papers by climate change researchers and activists who had been invited during 2009 to contribute their perspectives to a one-day forum covering four different aspects of the climate change debate: carbon markets and the regulation of renewable energy; technological pathways toward sustainability versus a low-tech, eco- sufficiency future; climate justice; and the experiences of a variety of environmental NGOs in campaigning for policy reform (Goodman & Rosewarne, 2011: 7). The aim of the forum and those who organized it was to stimulate a more robust debate about climate change policy in Australia and the international negotiations focused on reducing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Goodman & Rosewarne, 2011: 5).
    [Show full text]
  • Organizing for Sustainability a Guide to Developing New Business Models
    Organizing for Sustainability A Guide to Developing New Business Models Jan Jonker Niels Faber Organizing for Sustainability Jan Jonker · Niels Faber Organizing for Sustainability A Guide to Developing New Business Models Jan Jonker Niels Faber Nijmegen School of Management Campus Fryslân JAB MC BV University of Groningen Doetinchem, Gelderland, The Netherlands Leeuwarden, Friesland, The Netherlands ISBN 978-3-030-78156-9 ISBN 978-3-030-78157-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78157-6 Translation from the Dutch language edition: Duurzaam organiseren Template voor het ontwikkelen van nieuwe businessmodellen by Jan Jonker, and Niels Faber, © Authors 2020. Published by Management Impact. All Rights Reserved. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2021. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan: Country Partnership Strategy (2017-2021)
    Country Partnership Strategy October 2017 Afghanistan, 2017–2021 —Achieving Inclusive Growth in a Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situation This document is being disclosed to the public prior to its consideration by ADB’s Board of Directors in accordance with ADB’s Public Communications Policy 2011. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 19 September 2017) Currency unit – afghani (AF) AF1.00 = $0.0146 $1.00 = AF68.6671 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AITF – Afghanistan Infrastructure Trust Fund ANPDF – Afghanistan National Peace and Development Framework ANR – agriculture and natural resources ARTF – Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund CAREC – Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation CPS – country partnership strategy DABS – Da Afghanistan Breshna Sherkat (Afghan National Electricity Company) FCAS – fragile and conflict-affected situation GDP – gross domestic product km – kilometer KPSs – knowledge products and services MEW – Ministry of Energy and Water NPA – National Procurement Authority NPP – National Priority Program O&M – operation and maintenance PPP – public–private partnership TA – technical assistance TAPI – Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India WUA – water user association NOTE In this report, “$” refers to United States dollars. Vice-President W. Zhang, Operations 1 Director General S. O’Sullivan, Central and West Asia Department (CWRD) Country Director S. Tumiwa, Afghanistan Resident Mission (AFRM), CWRD Team leader D. Oldfield, Principal Economist, CWRD Team members A. Aleem, Senior Energy Specialist, CWRD M. Ayubi, Senior Project Officer (Natural Resources and Agriculture), AFRM, CWRD S. Campbell, Deputy Country Director, AFRM, CWRD F. Catacutan, Programs Officer, CWRD M. Counahan, Health Specialist, CWRD M. Davila, Country Specialist, CWRD N. Djenchuraev, Senior Environment Specialist, CWRD M. Hodge, Economist (Public Finance), CWRD T. Minnich, Principal Investment Specialist, Private Sector Operations Department A.
    [Show full text]
  • Zero Carbon Australia Stationary Energy Plan
    ENERGY ENERGY A research collaboration Zero Carbon Australia Australia Carbon Zero As the IEA has shown in its research, solar energy is now a serious global player for providing the world’s energy. Australia has one of the world’s best solar energy resource, especially suited for concentrating solar thermal power plants, which can dispatch electricity when it is needed. The Zero Carbon Australia Plan is based on up-to-date and sound information and provides quality insights on how a country well-endowed in renewable resources can transition to a solar and wind economy. CÉDRIC PHILIBERT RENEWABLE ENERGY DIVISION INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY With our natural advantage Australia can and should be positioning itself as a global renewable super power for future prosperity. This report will help shift the climate debate to focus on energy, security, affordability, export and of course opportunity. Beyond Zero Emissions offers a new and invigorating Energy Stationary Plan message that is much needed. ROBIN BATTERHAM KERNOT PROFESSOR OF ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE PRESIDENT, AUSTRALIAN AcADEMY OF TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING FORMERLY CHIEF SCIENTIST OF AUSTRALIA PHOTO:TORRESOL ENERGY The Zero Carbon Australia 2020 plan shows that it is technically feasible and affordable to replace all fossil fuel electricity with 100% renewable energy given the willpower and commitment to do so. This is a cutting-edge science- based plan that should be read by every energy decision maker and politician in Australia. MARK Z. JACOBSON PROFESSOR
    [Show full text]
  • Scenarios on the Feasibility of Emissions Reductions Consistent with 2°C Stabilization
    CLIMATE CHANGE 09/2014 Scenarios on the feasibility of emissions reductions consistent with 2°C stabilization CLIMATE CHANGE 09/2014 ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE FEDERAL MINISTRY FOR THE ENVIRONMENT, NATURE CONSERVATION, BUILDING AND NUCLEAR SAFETY Project No. (FKZ) 3710 41 135 Report No. (UBA-FB) 001887/E Scenarios on the feasibility of emissions reductions consistent with 2°C stabilization by Gunnar Luderer (PIK) Niklas Höhne (Ecofys) Christoph Bertram (PIK) Nadine Braun (Ecofys) Ottmar Edenhofer (PIK) Elmar Kriegler (PIK) Malte Meinshausen (PIK) Nils Petermann (PIK) Robert Pietzcker (PIK) Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam, Germany Ecofys, Köln, Germany On behalf of the Federal Environment Agency (Germany) Imprint Publisher: Umweltbundesamt Wörlitzer Platz 1 06844 Dessau-Roßlau Tel.: 0340/2103-0 Telefax: 0340/2103 2285 [email protected] Internet: www.umweltbundesamt.de http://fuer-mensch-und-umwelt.de/ www.facebook.com/umweltbundesamt.de www.twitter.com/umweltbundesamt Study performed by: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegraphenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany Ecofys, Am Wassermann 36, 50829 Köln, Germany Study completed in: September 2013 Edited by: Section I 2. 1 Climate Protection Lisa Hunsinger Publikation as pdf: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/scenarios-on-the- feasibility-of-emissions ISSN 1862-4359 Dessau-Roßlau, July 2014 Scenarios on the feasibility of emissions reduction scenarios consistent with 2°C stabilization Abstract While the international community aims to limit global warming below 2°C to prevent dangerous climate change, progress towards a global climate agreement to implement the emissions reductions required to reach this target is slow. This report summarizes the results of the UFOPLAN project “Scenarios on the feasibility of emissions reduction scenarios consistent with 2°C stabilization” conducted by PIK and Ecofys.
    [Show full text]
  • Grassroots Climate Action in Australia: Visions, Practices and Innovation
    Grassroots Climate Action in Australia: Visions, Practices and Innovation Author Bond, Meghan Shae Published 2013 Thesis Type Thesis (PhD Doctorate) School Griffith Business School DOI https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/2118 Copyright Statement The author owns the copyright in this thesis, unless stated otherwise. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366826 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Grassroots Climate Action in Australia: Visions, Practices and Innovation Meghan Shae Bond Bachelor of Environmental Science Bachelor of Education Honours in Australian Environmental Studies School of Government and International Relations Griffith Business School Griffith University Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2012 ii Abstract Australian grassroots action on climate change is a recent phenomenon. Climate change as an issue of concern entered the Australian political landscape and national psyche later than in countries like the United Kingdom and some Western European nations, but since then there has been a surge of climate action. In 2007, the first ‘climate election’ was held, followed by many other headline-grabbing events including a proposed (but axed) nationwide emissions trading scheme and an implemented carbon price scheme. Coinciding and co-evolving has been a grassroots layer of the climate movement. This layer consists of concerned citizens seeking to address climate change through personal action and pushing for broader social and political change. The research produced by this thesis delves into this layer of climate action in the Australian state of Victoria, describing grassroots actors and practices as well as the potential contribution that actors could make to the mitigation of the climate problem.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Strategy Making the Choice Between Ecological Modernisation
    CLIMATE STRATEGY: MAKING THE CHOICE BETWEEN ECOLOGICAL MODERNISATION OR LIVING WELL Ariel Salleh The idea of Living Well (buen vivir) introduced at the Peoples' Climate Summit in Cochabamba 2010 sets up a rhetorical contrast between high energy polluting economies of the industrial 'North' and low carbon eco- sufficient provisioning models in the global 'South'. The North's ecological modernising approach to sustainable development serves mainly to advance international capital, while, climate mitigation through market mechanisms and technology transfer imposes more costs than benefits on the global South. The model of development currently advanced through the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) breaks down local ecosystems and sustainable economies; locks communities into control by overseas business interests and multilateral bureaucracies; undermines cultural diversity and autonomy. In order to shift this complex of historical processes, climate activists will need to look very closely into the choice between a strategy of ecological modernisation and a strategy of Living Well. Strategy 1: Ecological Modernisation Since the stalled Copenhagen Climate Summit (COP15) in December 2009, governments, international agencies, and activists continue to proffer economic remedies for ecological ills. The mainstream discourse of political economy simply has no vocabulary for the material metabolism by which biological processes sustain human societies - and this silence has a long history. As Carolyn Merchant observed in her seminal study The Death of Nature (1980), the rise of European science marked a conceptual shift from organism to machine in the modelling of CLIMATE STRATEGY 119 nature and society. The mindset can be heard when the German Federal Minister for Environment (Bundesministerium für Umwelt, 2006) outlines his vision of the future global economy as a clockwork, whose parts tick over in perfect harmony.
    [Show full text]