EXTENSIONS of REMARKS June 20, 1989 EXTENSIONS of REMARKS WHAT DOES the FMLN REALLY the Endgame Is a Cutoff of U.S

12594 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 20, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS WHAT DOES THE FMLN REALLY The endgame is a cutoff of U.S. aid, the taging the nation's economic infrastructure. WANT? only thing that will alter the balance of The objective was to further undermine the forces in favor of the FMLN. That is what government's ability to meet the needs of FMLN commander Joaquin Villalobos really the people. The total cost of FMLN sabo HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO means when h e writes, "the problem to be tage to date is estimated at $1.8 billion. OF CALIFORNIA solved is the interference of the United Total U.S. economic aid to El Salvador this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES States. Everything else is open to discus decade has been approximately $2.4 billion. sion" . The FMLN docu spected. Few point out that the primary vic FMLN continues to resort to terrorist attacks, ment produced at this meeting, entitled tims are the workers and peasants the political assassinations, and sabotage while "The Negotiations Maneuver," also included FMLN claims to represent. criticizing the Government for using its military a plan for a diplomatic offensive to establish By 1987. the FMLN took advantage of the forces to defend itself. the organization's international standing. openings created by the Esquipulas II Subsequent offensives in 1982 and 1983 Accord and mounting economic discontent In a recent commentary sponsored by the showed that the guerrillas had recovered a in El Salvador to penetrate democratic labor Independent Human Rights Organization Free significant degree of military capability. movements, and to rebuild front groups as a dom House, Douglas Payne analyzes the However, predicting victory by 1984 was cover for urban commando units. With re question: "What does the FMLN Really their next miscalculation. Their diplomatic newed terror and sabotage capability in the Want?" offensive and negotiating maneuvers had cities. FMLN strategists determined in early I urge my colleagues to read carefully this helped undermine support for the Salvador 1988 that the country was ripe for insurrec analysis. an government in Washington, but a bipar tion. But again they miscalculated. tisan Congressional majority remained in The new insurrectional strategy was A QuESTION OF EL SALVADOR: WHAT DoEs THE FMLN REALLy wANT? favor of continued U.S. aid. U.S. aid led to a mapped out in an internal document of the stronger, more professional army, and mili FMLN General Command, dated January tary reversals for the guerrillas. FMLN ef 1988 and entitled "Strategic Appraisal." The "Sudden turnaround'' and ··abrupt rever forts to disrupt the 1984 elections failed. document was captured by the military a sal'' are phrases most often used to describe Guerrilla ranks diminished as fighters left month later and subsequently published in the recent peace proposals by El Salvador's the war to try out the democratic system. the April issue of Analisis, the journal of Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front And the inauguration of President Jose Na the New University of San Salvador. It has over-calculat Duarte personally, by the kidnapping of his voters declined in comparison to the 1985 ed its strength, both militarily and political daughter in 1985 cannot be overestimated. legislative elections, the total number of ly, then 2) bought time to recover from The FMLN declared it "our biggest victory voters in 1988 actually increased showed that tive. The FMLN is not just buying time, it is abdicate leadership to party functionaries. nearly 9 out of 10 Salvadorans surveyed seeking to effectively coordinate, for the The government lost direction. and electoral were planning to vote in 1989

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. June 20, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12595 professor of many of the FMLN command At the end of February, he candidly ac rently reports that killings are increasing ers, stated that insurrection was impossible, knowledged that the FMLN did not expect again, its Director, Maria Julia Hernandez, that Salvadorans would continue voting as their proposals to be accepted, that the ini says that most recent incidents are not sanc they had in five previous elections begin tiative was meant to "corner and isolate the tioned by the military leadership or the in ning in 1982. Army"

. ----··- --""111111•·-...... -~ ...... _.....-#ot~"'- ...... ~~--~· ·~ June 20, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12601 of Defense has many of the facilities and the by the trying conditions. Already, many em Lincoln spread the feeling across the Nation, manpower necessary to provide these basic ployees are taking advantage of the retire Stockbridge knew the idea of people belong necessities to both its own and to canal em ment options open to them and leaving the ing to others as possessions was wrong. ployees. In a government of our size, bureauc canal. This is not because the work is so de Today, Stockbridge remains a leader in the racy is necessary, but it cannot be allowed to manding but because of the fear and worry ater, in entertainment, and in recreation. The stand in the way of helping the canal employ caused by the current situation. Berkshire Theater Festival has attracted to ees. The canal work force, Americans and Pana the area such talented actors and actresses Other problems the employees face are manians alike, have demonstrated that hard as Frank Langela, Dustin Hoffman, Katharine founded in recent political developments. On work, for a cause you believe in, is healthy. Hepburn, James Cagney, Shelly Winters, AI March 11, 1988, President Reagan an You can hardly place more upon a man than Pacino, and Maureen Stapleton, to name a nounced he would not allow U.S. payments to he can bear. Worry and fear are proving to be few. Chesterwood, the former studio of Daniel the Noriega government. Because of this like the rust upon a blade. It is not the revolu Chester French, the sculptor of the statue of action monthly payments to Panama for such tion that will destroy the canal machinery, but Lincoln at the Lincoln Memorial, is a designat things as toll receipts, public services, with the friction. The current exodus of talent and ed Massachusetts historic landmark rich with holdings of income and education taxes of experience from the canal can not be re the history of our great Nation. The B~rkshire Panamanian employees have been put into placed, and this, combined with the trying Garden Center is exemplary of the serenity escrow accounts in the United States. I am conditions that now exist, threaten the vitality and relaxed beauty common to those who not here to question the necessity of taking of this crucial waterway. I wish we could solve have experienced Stockbridge. Stockbridge steps against Panama. What I would like to all of the issues that make up this crisis one has so much to offer. see is what steps could be taken to take the issue at a time. But it can not be broken down Stockbridge is a warm community in the canal and employees out of the middle of the into a political matter, a military matter, and a heart of the Berkshires exemplifying the deep, confrontation. Because of our Government's canal matter. No, these are all interconnected rich traditions of scenic New England. Al withholding of taxes due the Panamanian and the solutions must take this into account. though Stockbridge's meaningful past is cap Government on behalf of Panamanian nation tured by landmarks like Naumkeag, Ambassa als who work for the canal, these employees dor Choate's mansion, the Norman Rockwell are considered tax evaders in the eyes of the THE 250TH BIRTHDAY OF THE Museum, and the Red Lion Inn, it is those current regime. The resulting actions by the TOWN OF STOCKBRIDGE people who have made Stockbridge what it is Noriega forces has led to the constant har today whom I have known and befriended assment of these Panamanians and has af HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE over the years. Most towns the size of Stock fected the ability of these individuals to prop OF MASSACHUSETTS bridge can only boast of one famous resident, erly carry out their responsibilities. I certainly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Stockbridge has borne excellence as the rule do not recommend giving in to Noriega and Tuesday, June 20, 1989 rather than the exception. Past citizens such returning the withheld funds without stipulation as the late Norman Rockwell and former Con but I do say that the importance of the Pana Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, I rise to com gressman Allen Treadway are rare geniuses manian workers in the canal is such that a re memorate the sesquibicentennial of the town and personalities not often witnessed any evaluation is necessary. of Stockbridge, MA. Although 1989 is the offi where and at any time in America. Not only Since the beginning of the sanction, Nor cial date of the 250th birthday of Stockbridge, were these two men close friends, but they iega has survived. He has tried to show the its history can be researched as far back as exemplified the excellence found in the resi international community that all he has to do 1724. It began as the Mahican Indian village dents of Stockbridge. That excellence is car is survive in the face of the American sanc of "Wnahktakook," Mahican for "great ried forward in such present residents and tions. To Noriega, survival, in the face of our meadow," and was sold for 460 English friends as the Honorable John and Jane Fitz economic crunch, is equal to succeeding. A pounds to the Parsons family acting as propri patrick. Like Rockwell and Treadway, the Fitz different approach may be to publicly return etors on behalf of the Colonial Commonwealth patricks are tireless workers who are loyal to some of the money, say that which would go of Massachusetts. the town of Stockbridge and its residents toward education and public services, and In the 1730's Rev. John Sergeant from Yale whom they dearly love. place upon him the responsibility of fixing the came to Stockbridge and began proselytizing Stockbridge continues to maintain its color education and health systems. This would put and educating the Mahicans. In 1739 he built ful, past traditions and legends which help it the burden on him, and make his success in Mission House and from Mission House. face the realities of today. The genuine cumbent upon his achieving results. A move which is still standing today, he learned their warmth displayed by the people of Stock like this would also put this country on the language and earned their respect through his bridge during the celebration of their 250th moral high ground, since the Panamanian moral uprightness. Reverend Sergeant firmly birthday has been born from its rich heritage. church and the Organization of American set the foundation for Stockbridge. When Rev. Mr. Speaker, on June 24 I will be fortunate to States have called for an end to sanctions. I Jonathan Edwards, famed for spurring the reli have the opportunity to march in the parade am confident that Noriega will prove true to gious revival known as the "Great Awaken celebrating Stockbridge's 250th. I also expect form and fail at his attempts to put down the ing," came to Stockbridge in 1751 , the town to be among those at the front of the line to machete and govern. had already begun its ascension toward the receive a piece of the 250th anniversary cake. The most unfortunate aspect of the current landmark it is today. In Stockbridge in 1754, I commend the people of Stockbridge for their political crisis is that it is occuring during the Reverend Edwards wrote the first book written respect of traditions and their accomplish very delicate process of transferring the canal in the Berkshires, "Freedom of the Will." ments of today. I am honored to extend my over to the Panamanian Government. If this In 1774, with the " Stockbridge Non-Inter sincerest congratulations to all the residents had happened 20 years ago we could have course Articles," Stockbridge played a large of Stockbridge on this most festive and histor supported the employees and weathered the role in American independence. By the arti ic occasion. storm out. However, we are currently trying to cles we voiced our discontent with the British train Panamanian citizens to take over respon Government taxation of us and use of our sibility for all aspects of the canal's operation. money without our consent. Furthermore, we In fact, Panamanians currently make up about decided not to import, purchase, or consume CREDIT MARKETING 85 percent of the canal work force. There more British goods until they gave us more should be no doubt about the abilities of these say in what was being done with our tax current Panamanian workers. They have, time money. In 1781, Stockbridge again was a HON. C. CHRISTOPHER COX and time again, demonstrated that they can leader in the fight for what are now consid OF CALIFORNIA operate the canal as well as it was operated ered basic constitutional rights. Theodore IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES before. They have learned and carried out Sedgwick, known for serving in both Houses their trade in the face of very trying circum of Congress, represented and won freedom Tuesday, June 20, 198 9 stances. I commend all of them. No, my fear for Mum Bett, the first American slave freed Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, a recurring question is that they will be driven away from the canal by law. More than 80 years before Abraham in America is, "Why should there be poverty in 12602 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 20, 1989 the midst of plenty?" We know that the U.S. failure that prevents employers from hiring gram becomes successful and expands, pro Government stores crops that the farmer additional workers. gram participants may take advantage of doesn't sell, while at the same time, people The credit marketing program will act as economies of scale in the production process go hungry. What is the cause of such absurdi a catalyst that eliminates the previously and more sophisticated goods and services identified market failure. The credit mar will be produced. In principle, the credit ty? keting program directly links increased sales marketing participants may effect pur Two of the Nation's leading economists, Dr. to increased production, and accelerates the chases at any participating exchange. This Arthur B. Laffer and Dr. Victor A. Canto, have process toward a fully employed economy. full-scale credit marketing program will reviewed an analysis of this problem by an In return for active management and mar afford the convenience, choice, and selec Englishman now living in America, who has keting, a transaction fee will be charged to tion of the market economy. been studying the matter for over 50 years. the participants in the program. These Given the nature of the credit marketing Mr. James F. Huson's analysis is that one of charges are analogous to credit card fees program, it is unlikely that wholesalers and and will vary according to the type of mem other distributors will choose to participate the main reasons for the problem is a lack of bership, volume of the transaction. and money-that without money, nothing happens. in the credit marketing program and get nature of the product. The percentage need paid in credits while they purchase their Mr. Huson has proposed that a credit not be the same across different industries. goods in cash. The obvious solution is to de system, not based on money, would enable The revenue generated by the transaction velop a fully-integrated system where the the exchange of goods and services that oth fees will be used to fund the program. credit marketing organization assumes the erwise might remain unproduced or unren AN INITIAL PROGRAM role of middleman for wholesale distribu dered. A person would work, get paid in cred In order to maximize the gains of trade, tion. Under a credit marketing system as its, and purchase goods with credits. This, he the program must initially match two eco outlined in this proposal, the risk of default believes, could break the "money" deadlock, nomically deprived and diverse areas. Likely is minimal if the rules governing the func at least in severely impoverished areas. candidates for a pilot project are a de tioning of the system are adhered to. This pressed urban area and a depressed rural suggests that the credit marketing oper Given the apparent inability of government ation will be able to capture the returns or programs to revive chronically depressed area. The proximity of the two areas gently reduces possible transportation and transac dinarily generated by wholesalers and dis pockets of the economy, Dr. Laffer and Dr. tion costs. tributors without significantly altering the Canto began formal economic research into The urban participants will be employed cash-equivalent credit price of inputs paid the credit marketing idea. Based on their initial in the production of manufactured goods. In by credit marketing participants. research, they believe that credit marketing turn, the rural participants will be em CONCLUSIONS has the capability of acting as a catalyst to ployed in the production of agricultural Our studies suggest that the credit mar create employment in chronically depressed products. In order to maximize the employ keting system is a viable solution to chronic pockets of poverty in the United States and ment effects of the program, the credit mar unemployment and uneven prosperity. In around the world. As a member of the House keting system should focus on the produc an analytical study using a model with only tion of labor-intensive goods and services. Economic Development Subcommittee, I am A mechanism for linking the rural and 400 participants, we found that the credit particularly intrigued by the authors' conclu urban segments of the program would be de marketing system can be self-financing, can sion that credit marketing can bring jobs and a veloped. This objective may be achieved achieve a balance of goods. and can meet good life to the areas of deep, deep poverty in through the inclusion of local supermarkets the cash needs of both employers and em and retail stores in the program. The super ployees. Even in a very small scale model of the Appalachians, to the rural areas of the the system, sufficient revenues will be gen Southern States, to the barrios and the ghet markets and other retail stores will play a key role in bringing the two communities to erated to fund the day-to-day operations of tos, and even to middle-class areas hit so the program and to provide an appropriate hard by changing times. gether. The centralized nature of supermar kets provides an adequate distribution net rate of return on invested capital. The re The following brief synopsis, written jointly work, and a source of cash from non sults of our studies also indicate that a by Dr. Laffer, Dr. Canto, and Mr. Huson, ex member customers. Supermarkets and retail fully-developed regional exchange with plains how and why. stores would be practical for medium-sized 4,000 employees would generate sufficient revenues to yield a positive rate of return on CREDIT MARKETING and large regional credit exchanges: very small credit exchanges would probably have the original invested capital. increasing could be granted by the Secretary, however, committee, and Congressman GEORGE the number of children immunized against only under extraordinary circumstances and MILLER, chairman of the Select Committee on disease and receiving health assessments; only for the fiscal year for which the appli and (5) providing medically necessary serv cation has been submitted. Children, Youth, and Families, introduced H.R. ices to children with handicaps or "children H.R. 2651 also specifies the types of data 2651 , the Maternal and Child Health [MCH] with special health care needs." and information that States would have to Block Grant Amendments of 1989. These Eligibility criteria under the Block Grant provide to the Secretary in their annual re amendments are designed to improve and are set by the States themselves. States may ports that are currently mandated under strengthen the MCH block grant program by elect to charge for services provided. No the MCH Block Grant statute. Based upon first, redefining program goals and objectives; charges may be imposed, however, for serv this material, the Secretary would be re second, increasing the authorization level; ices provided to mothers and children whose quired to include in its annual report to incomes fall below the Federal poverty Congress, information on various measures third, targeting specified resources; and fourth, level. improving program accountability. of maternal and child health as well as an Funds are allocated among the States assessment of the Nation's progress in meet These reforms reflect both the Nation's ex based on their proportional share of 1981 ing the Secretary's maternal and health perience with the block grant as well as the outlays for the various programs consolidat goals and objectives for the year 2000. Like views and recommendations of recent mater ed into the Block Grant. In order to receive the revised application process, these re nal and child health expert panels, including their allocation, however, States must meet porting requirements would become effec the National Commission to Prevent Infant a matching requirement: for every $4.00 in tive with funds that are provided as of FY Mortality and the Institute of Medicine of the Federal funds a State receives under the 1991. Block Grant, the State must spend $3.00 of National Academy of Sciences. In addition to amending the MCH Block its own monies on maternal and child Grant program. H.R. 2651 would require They reflect too, the work of Department of health services. that the Secretary of HHS develop a model Health and Human Services which will soon The MCH Block Grant law provides that application form that could be used by preg release its report on health goals and objec between 10 and 15 percent of the amounts nant women and children under age six in tives for the Nation for the year 2000. Includ appropriated in each fiscal year are to be applying, simultaneously, for assistance ed on the Secretary's agenda are a number of withheld from the States and administered under a variety of Federal maternal and goals and objectives relating to the health by the Secretary of HHS. Known as the child health programs. Among these are the Federal "set-aside", these funds support a status of mothers and children. These targets MCH Block Grant, Medicaid, WIC, and variety of designated activities. An addition Head Start programs. provide a framework upon which State MCH al amount of funds has been withheld block grant programs should be structured through FY 1989 to establish and operate and operated. H.R. 2651 will help move the projects for the screening of sickle-cell TO AMEND THE FOREIGN States in that direction and, in turn, will help anemia and other genetic disorders. The current authorization level for the AGENTS REGISTRATION ACT the Nation reach the Secretary's goals. OF 1938 I would also note that the higher authoriza Block Grant is set at $561 million. Appro priations for the program for FY 1989 are tion level provided for under this legislation $554.3 million. conforms with both the recommendation pro HON. ROBERT W. KASTENMEIER OVERVIEW OF H.R. 2651 posed in the House leadership children's OF WISCONSIN The purpose of H.R. 2651 is to strengthen budget package as well as the position adopt and improve the MCH Block Grant program IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ed by the entire House in its fiscal year 1990 by <1 > redefining program goals and objec Tuesday, June 20, 1989 budget resolution-House Concurrent Resolu tives; <2> increasing the authorization level; tion 106. That resolution assumed an increase <3> targeting specified resources and <4> im Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Speaker, today in fiscal year 1990 appropriations for the MCH proving program accountability. am introducing legislation to amend the For block grant in excess of $100 million above H.R. 2651 would increase the authoriza eign Agents Registration Act of 1938 (as last year's appropriations figure of $554 mil tion level for the MCH Block Grant for FY amended. 22 U.S.C. 611 et seq.) [FARA], to lion. In order to accommodate this rise, the 1990 and each year thereafter from its cur eliminate provisions that interfere unnecessar block grant's current authorization level must rent level of $561 million to $661 million. ily with the freedom of expression guaranteed The Federal "set-aside" would be fixed at 15 by the first amendment to the U.S. Constitu also be increased. As is described in more percent of the amounts appropriated in detail below, H.R. 2651 is designed to follow each fiscal year. An additional 12% percent tion. through with MCH block grant proposal set of such amounts would be retained by the Under FARA as it is currently written, films, forth in House Concurrent Resolution 106 by Secretary to support infant mortality pro books, newspapers, and other forms of ex increasing the program's authorization level by grams, newborn genetic screening projects, pression are designated "political propagan $100 million to $661 million. and service programs for mothers and chil da" by the Department of Justice, if they are All of the sponsors of this legislation have dren living in rural areas. disseminated in the United States by an agent worked long and hard to develop a proposal With respect to monies that are allocated acting on behalf of a foreign country, organi directly to the States, H.R. 2651 would re that will enhance the MCH block grant pro zation, party or individual, and if they are in quire, effective for funds made available as tended to influence recipients on matters of gram and advance the health of those moth of FY 1991, that States submit a standard ers and children that it serves. What follows is ized application to the Secretary in which public policy. As "political propaganda," the a brief description of the program and a sum specified mandates would have to met. films, books, or other communications must mary of the legislation that was introduced Among other requirements, States would bear a stigmatizing label: First, the label must last week. I urge my colleagues to support have to set, for the forthcoming fiscal year, state the connection between the communica H.R. 2651. their maternal and child health goals and tion and the foreign agent; second, the label objectives as they relate to those estab SUMMARY OF H.R. 2651, MATERNAL AND CHILD must state that reports concerning dissemina lished by the Secretary of HHS for the tion of the communications are filed with the HEALTH BLOCK GRANT AMENDMENTS OF 1989 Nation as a whole for the year 2000. BACKGROUND In addition. States would have to provide Department of Justice; and third, the label Established in 1981, the Maternal and in their applications that at least 30 percent must contain a disclaimer of approval by the Child Health Block Grant repre of their funds would be used for services for United States. sents a consolidation of seven previous for pregnant women, mothers, and infants up The consequences of branding speech as mula and categorical programs designed to to age one; at least 30 percent would be used political propaganda, and saddling it with the serve mothers, pregnant women, infants, for services for children; and at least 30 per disclaimer that the U.S. Government does not and children. Under the Block Grant, Fed cent would be used for services for children approve of what the speaker has to say, are eral funds are available to the States for the with special health care needs. The remain obvious and intolerable: Speakers are discour provision or the purchase of a broad range ing 10 percent of the appropriated funds of maternal and child health services that would be allocated at the States' discretion. aged from disseminating their ideas, because will help States in <1 > reducing infant mor States would have discretion, too, in deter they know that if their speech is labeled "po tality; (2) increasing the availability of pre mining what types of services could be pro litical propaganda," it is likely to be prejudged natal, delivery, and postpartum care to low vided to each to these population groups. and rejected as unreliable by the audience. At income women; <3> reducing the incidence of States are authorized to request a waiver of the same time, the audience is deprived of 12604 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 20, 1989 speech never disseminated, and is encour H.R.- FAIRMONT HOSPITAL: 125 aged by the disclaimer to disregard speech A bill to amend the Foreign Agents Regis YEARS OF SERVICE TO ALAME that is disseminated, on the grounds that it is tration Act of 1938, as amended, to elimi DA COUNTY contrary to the interests of the United States. nate potential infringements on freedom In 1987, the Supreme Court determined that of communication HON. FORTNEY PETE STARK FARA did not contravene the first amend Be it enacted by the Senate and House of ment. That case-Keene v. Meese, 481 U.S. Representatives of the United Slates of OF CALIFORNIA 465 (1987)-involved three Canadian films: " If America in Congr('SS assembled, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES You Love This Planet;" " Acid Rain: Requiem SE('TJO:-; I. SIIOHT T ITLE. or Recovery; " and "Acid from Heaven." Tuesday, June 20, 1989 Those films are clearly identified as produced This Act may be cited as the ··Foreign Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I'd like to submit by the Canadian Film Board, but under current Communications Free Trade Act of 1989". for the RECORD a celebration of an exception law that is not enough. Rather, they are politi SEC :! . HEFEtn::-;n:s TO FOIU:u::-; :\(a;:-;Ts HE(;Js. al institution on this, its 125th year. Fairmont cal propaganda and must bear the onerous Tlt\TJO:-; .\('1' OF 1!1:1~ . . \S .\:\H::-;DED. Hospital in Alameda County, CA, is a testimo three part label. A majority of the Supreme In this Act. except as otherwise expressly nial to perserverance and growth and I am Court was of the view that "people who have provided, an amendment or repeal ex pleased to honor its longstanding commitment a sufficient understanding of the law" would pressed in terms of an amendment to, or to health care. recognize that the phrase " political propagan repeal of, a section or provision, is made to In 1864, the Alameda County Board of Su da," as defined in FARA, was neutral in its that section or provision of the Foreign pervisors established Fairmont Hospital on its Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amend connotation and application. Therefore, the ed <22 U.S.C. 611 et seq.). present day location in the middle of Rancho court determined that FARA did not impose San Lorenzo land. Although it was originally an unreasonable burden on first amendment SE('. :1. Sl"BS1TITTJO:-; OF cor:-;TJ{Y 01{ OHJ(;J:-; 1..\ intended to be strictly an infirmary, the re freedoms. BELJ:-;(; FOH HE(l['IIU::\IE:-;TS HEL\T sponsibilities and size of the hospital grew J:-;(; TO ('0.\t:\Jt":-;JC.\'J'JO:-;S. Regardless of whether people with a suffi quickly. cient understanding of FARA would regard the IN GENERAL. - Section 4 is amended to The first patient was admitted to Fairmont phrase "political propaganda" as neutral, the read as follows: on August 16, 1864, and the hospital soon first amendment was intended to protect more "LABELING REQUIREMENT took on added responsibility as the region's than just those who are well versed in the law. almshouse where the indigent aged were "SEc. 4. It shall be unlawful for any As the dissent in Keene correctly pointed out, cared for. person within the United States who is an "even if the statutory definition is neutral, it is agent of a foreign principal and required to In 1875, four new wings were added to the the common understanding of the govern register under this Act to transmit or cause original building. Still the hospital soon filled to ment's action that determines the effect on to be transmitted- capacity. Around the turn of the century, the discourse protected by the first amendment." "( 1) in the course of acting as such agent; State Board of Charities reported Fairmont as (481 U.S. at 489 (Biackmun, J., dissenting).) and "having a good central building, but poor The common understanding that the general "(2) in the United States mails or by any smaller buildings plus a total of 17 tents, un public ascribes to the label "political propa means or instrumentality of interstate or heated, and containing from 2 to 14 beds." ganda" is pejorative, not neutral. Speakers will foreign commerce; The board recommended new construction. In inevitably be discouraged from disseminating any communication or prints that originate fact, Fairmont has historically struggled under speech that must be identified as propaganda, in a country outside the United States with the burden of space limitations and outdated for the simple reason that it will fall on the out placing in such communication or prints buildings. Through the 1930's and 1940's, deaf ears of an audience that understands a conspicuous statement of the country of most of its buildings were wood and remained propaganda to mean that the speech is un origin. a constant fire hazard, prompting the need for trustworthy. "(b) The Attorney General may by rule a volunteer fire department on the grounds. define what constitutes a conspicuous state My bill would not disturb the requirement ment for the purposes of this section .... The wooden buildings were not replaced until under current law that agents engaging in cer 194 7. Still Fairmont's responsibilities grew (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.-( 1) Section tain activities in the United States under the 1 is amended- throughout the early part of the 20th century. direction or control of a foreign principal must (A) by striking subsection (j); and In 1929 a school for nursing attendants, register with the Department of Justice. What . by striking "the dis later to become a school for vocational this bill would do is eliminate the role of the semination of political propaganda and any nurses, began at Fairmont. In July 1938, the Justice Department in reviewing, labeling, and other" and inserting "any". combined clinics of Hayward and San Leandro keeping track of films and other materials <2> Section 6(a) is amended by striking set up shop in Fairmont's refurbished base merely because the source of those materials "and all statements concerning the distribu ment ward. Each month 1,500 to 2,000 out is registered under FARA. To ensure that au tion of political propaganda". patients are treated in the Fairmont clinics. In diences are informed as to the identity of the <3> Section 6(b) is amended by striking ... 1953, a new emergency department opened speaker, and so that they may better evaluate and one copy of every item of political prop at the hospital which continues to treat thou aganda··. hidden biases the speaker may have, my bill sands of people each year. In 1961, after <4> Section 6(c) is amended by striking provides that any communication or prints "copies of political propaganda,". building a new rehabilitation wing, Fairmont originating in a foreign country and publicly <5> Section 8(a)(2) is amended- Hospital began the first rehabilitation unit In disseminated by a person who is required to by striking "Or in any statement under Alameda County. register under F ARA must bear a conspicuous section 4 hereof concerning the distribu Currently Fairmont Hospital provides medi statement of country of origin. tion of political propaganda"; and cal care for inpatients requiring rehabilitation My bill leaves intact all other requirements . or (f) or suffering from acute illness, such as AIDS, under the Act. It will simply end what I view as of". Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. In addition, unwarranted Goverment activities that violate (5) Section 8 is amended by striking sub the ambulatory care department includes the spirit if not the letter of the first amend section (d). urgent care, medical, and preventative screen ment. The health of our democratic process SEC I. r:-;J{EL\TEil TE< 'JJ'H'.\L :\.\H:,Il.\IEVJ'S. ing clinics. depends upon the encouragement of robust (a) CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL And yes, once again the Fairmont Hospital and unrestricted debate in the marketplace of ERROR.-Section l is amended by striking is suffering from old age. Most of the buildings ideas, and it is anathema to that process for "Expect" and inserting "Except". are nearly 50 years old and in need of repair. an arm of the Government to engage in the (b) CORRECTION OF ERRONEOUS CROSS REF A master plan has been developed to provide censorship of films and other speech by des ERENCE.-Section lUnited States Congress to pass a HON. HOWARD L. BERMAN school for Jewish education and spiritual guid resolution to oblige the U.S. Government to OF CALIFORNIA ance for the children. The social hall has pro execute, together with other guarantors of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vided housing for many community functions and the sanctuary for Jewish rituals and wor the Yalta agreement-i.e. Great Britain and Tuesday, June 20, 1989 the Soviet Union-the promise of free and ship. democratic elections in Poland. Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to I would like to congratulate the members of Mr. Speaker, it is everyone's hope that the honor a respected and distinguished member Adat Shalom, and their spiritual leader, my promise of such elections will be fulfilled in of the community, Peggy Dick, chair of the friend Rabbi Morton A. Wallack, as they 1993 according to the April roundtable agree North Valley YWCA. During her term as chair, gather on this festive and significant occasion. ments, and in 1995 when a new Polish Presi she has enhanced the lives of many as she dent is to be popularly elected. In the mean has strived to provide opportunity and re time, however, it will be essential that the sources for all. A TRIBUTE TO THE OCCUPANT PROTECTION HONORS PRO United States keep Poland at the front of its Peggy's special concern is youth services. GRAM FOR GOVERNORS agenda and at the heart of its deepest com She has encouraged program development mitments. The Polish people surely face great for disabled teens, identifying participants and difficulties ahead, with a foreign debt already project resources through her job as a special HON. JOHN D. DINGELL at $39 billion and inflation at 100 percent. The education assistant at Sylmar High School. OF MICHIGAN unity of solidarity itself will be tested as it She has been instrumental in introducing a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES new generation to the YWCA, personally pro shares the problems of coming months and Tuesday, June 20, 1989 tries to get Poland back on the road to eco viding membership scholarships for young nomic recovery. Just as the Poles must retain people. Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, in recent years, their common vision, the unity of Americans Under Peggy's guidance the YWCA has ex safety belt usage has greatly increased who support Polish aspirations to freedom panded its membership and continued its thoughout our Nation. During the past decade, must and will remain intact. growth. Peggy has secured business contribu user rates have quadrupled. Thirty-three tions as well as in-kind services. She has States and the District of Columbia have im turned the Club 100 reception into an annual plemented safety belt use legislation, and TRIBUTE TO SHQIPONJA SHQIP event, attracting both funding and new mem child safety seat laws exist in all 50 States. TARE munion. I'd pray some more. to feC'd it to him, and when he wanted to go MALVERNE, L.I., August. 1987.-For a Let me move my hands. My toes. Any for a ride. he'd have to climb into his fa month,. the architect and the builders re thing. ther's lap himself. searched what Steven's needs would be. Now it was another Ash Wednesday, and One afternoon, I was making the beds and Craig doctors reminded them that the fur Patti and I were going to Mass at St. Agnes. Conor and Steven were watching television. nace, air conditioning and humidity level the Rockville Centre church I'd attended as As I tucked in a blanket, I heard Conor would have to be electronically monitored a kid. A few friends came up, said hello, scream. a cry of terror. I ran to him and saw to give him true independence. He would touched my hands. he'd gotten behind Steven, out of his sight. need a bathroom accessible to a wheelchair, Idly, I looked at my left hand. Its fingers As Steven had tried to turn the chair counters that he could fit underneath while were stretched out. suspended above the around to see what Conor was doing, seated in his chair and- ideally-access chair's arm, like a diver's about to enter the Conor·s hand caught in one of the wheels ramps that wouldn't ice over in winter. water. Not unusual. As I"d tried so many and was squeezed against the metal plat The amount of building seemed stagger times before, I willed my fingers to close. form holding Steven's vent. I tried to pull it ing, and I wondered if it could possibly be Amazingly, they did. I watched as I made out. No way. It was jammed, already turning finished by Christmas. Steven was ready a loose fist. Had Patti Ann seen? I looked red. right now to leave Colorado. He could stay up. No, she was preoccupied with Conor. "Oh. no," I cried, "Steven. His hand's off the respirator for ninety minutes at a Could I unfold the fist? No. I have to wait pinned. Move forward! Move forward!" 12610 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 20, 1989 The chair's motor was powerful enough to hardly interpret this as evidence of a perma is illegitimate-maintained only through sever Conor's hand. If Steven blew the nent Congress. abuse of the powers and perquisites of wrong way into his tube, the damage might Mr. Speaker, our distinguished colleague office. But if the advantages of incumbency be permanent. He grabbed the plastic straw from the State of Washington, Congressman truly were the reason that Democrats con with his lips, and puffed. The chair inched trol the House, then one would expect the forward, and I scooped our baby up and AL SWIFT, who chairs the Subcommittee on Democratic margin to disappear when the rushed downstairs to Pat Dillon, the nurse Elections of the Committee on House Admin incumbent does. It doesn't. Democrats, for on duty. Conor was all right, she said. The istration, has written an excellent article which example, vacated a dozen House seats in hand was bruised, but the skin was not deals factually and accurately with this topic. 1988. With no incumbent running in these broken and he could move it. Then I real Mr. Speaker, I ask that Congressman SWIFT's open seat races. the Republicans still won ized I'd left Steven. I went upstairs to tell article, "The 'Permanent Congress' Is a only one out of 12. him. and he was crying. Myth," which was published in the Washing We should look at the entire political ·-rm sorry," he said, ''I didn't know he was ton Post, placed in the RECORD. landscape before rushing to the conclusion there. I'm sorry." that the House is but an island of Demo "It's all right," I told him, wiping my own THE "PERMANENT CoNGREss" Is A MYTH cratic dominance. Consider that 28 states tears. "Everything's okay."

STILL THE PROMISED LAND Democratic nomination for the president? tinuously given of themselves to the better Recently, Atlantic magazine carried ex Or that thousands of blacks would be elect ment of their fellow man and their community. cerpts from the diaries of George F. ed officials throughout the country, particu Today, I have the personal satisfaction of Kennan, diplomat, historian and a major ar larly in the South? knowing one of the most special and dedicat America never ceases to evolve. It is an chitect of postwar American foreign policy, ed of these individuals. I have the privilege of in which Kennan views "the United States ever-improvising, ever-improvising process. of these last few years of the 20th century Mostly, it is muddling through. Things are knowing a man of ceaseless energy and un as essentially a tragic country." This is a se never really neat and orderly. but always ending commitment to helping those in need. I rious indictment and one that all concerned changing. No other country changes as fast have the pleasure of honoring a man whose Americans should take note of. Kennan, the and as much as America. Even the complex hard work has greatly benefited his community last of America's wise old men, possesses one ion of its own people changes. The French and his congregation, a man who has seen a of the finest intellects in America today. He and the Japanese essentially have remained greater good flow from his tireless and unself does find some solace in America's magnifi French and Japanese throughout their his ish efforts. cent natural resources and some of its tories. So have the Indians and Chinese. Not people, but too much of his diaries contain, so with Americans. They let people of all Our President referred to such individuals by his own admission, ·'bleakness of impres kinds and colors come to their shores. Just as "a thousand points of light" scattered sions of my own country."' imagine: in a mere half-century. America across the landscape of our country. I do not Nearly 30 years ago, Edmund Wilson, the will no longer be a country of white majori believe that I could construct an image which great literary critic and another Princeton ty. more fittingly describes this great man. ian, had similar observations. As he was ap And the melting pot not only remakes the Indeed, if there are many points of light, then proaching old age, Wilson wrote, "I have fi immigrant, it also reshapes the country. Rev. James Fresh of Dunedin, FL. shines nally come to feel that this country, wheth New generations of immigrants bring vitali brightly in this constellation of hope and er or not I live in it, is no longer, any place ty. The fresh new stream keeps the old for me. . . . . When, for example, I look water from stagnating. That is America's caring. through Life magazine, I feel that I do not unique strength. No other country attracts On July 1, Reverend Fresh will be retiring belong to the country depicted there. that I the best and the brightest from all over the after 23 years of service as senior pastor of do not even live in that country." world. What·s more, even the wretched, St. Mark Lutheran Church in Dunedin. He is These statements are neither the rhetori tired and poor-those who come risking the only pastor ever to serve St. Mark and his cal outbursts of frustrated old men nor the their lives-gratefully repay this country efforts have been instrumental in the growth diatribes of modern-day revolutionaries. with their hard work and dedication. of this remarkable religious institution. They are the thoughtful comments of two Currently the Asians are remaking the When Reverend Fresh began his service in of America's most distinguished public men country much the same way that the Euro after long lives of study and contemplation. peans once did. I look to them and their off 1966, St. Mark had 80 charter members. Millions of immigrants like me, however, spring- those who populate spelling bees Today, the church has grown to over 2,700 would find these comments a bit incompre and win Westinghouse Science Scholar members, making it Florida's largest congre hensible. As immigrants, we made a deliber ships- when I envision America's future gation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in ate choice to come to America. Personally, I greatness. In their zeal to reshape their America. find these comments hard to believe and yet lives in this land of opportunity, these im Reverend Fresh was also !nstrumental in disturbing because I greatly admire both migrants are reshaping American destiny the establishment of St. Mark Village. This fa Kennan and Wilson. To me they represent far beyond the comprehension of most cility in Palm Harbor, FL. provides vital retire all that is best in American thought. I Americans. They have come here endowed always listen to what they have to say and with cultural heritages and traditions that ment, living, and health care assistance to nearly always find merit in their words. Yet date back thousands of years. These Asians hundreds of people on a not-for-profit basis. I believe that their harsh judgments on may come empty-handed. but not empty From a formless idea and vision of Rever America are unwarranted. headed. They value entrepreneurship, hard end Fresh, St. Mark Village now has a staff of Why would such thoughtful people give work, family solidarity and community 185 people and a $7 .5 million budget. The fa up on America? I believe it is a matter of traits we particularly need in these troubled cility has 324 apartments, a 60-bed nursing perspective. Wilson and Kennan belong to times when, we are told, America is in de home, 34 assisted living apartments, and a what Wilson himself calls a ·· pocket of the cline. 51-bed specialized care center for victims of past." They represent the old professional Despite all of its ills-the crime, the drugs, class, which provided America its dedicated the social promiscuity and the homeless- ! Alzheimer's disease. doctors, diplomats, lawyers, professors, cler do not see contemporary America as a tragic As large an undertaking as St. Mark Village gymen and writers. They have a vision of country. On the contrary, I see it as atrium presented for Reverend Fresh, however, the America that is not easily reconciled with phant nation that has provided an unprece energy of this man would not allow the pastor what one reads in daily newspapers or sees dentedly high standard of living and free to rest on this great accomplishment. Instead, on television. dom of expression to the majority of its h et in addition to St. Mark Village, Reverend They are deeply patriotic men. Their idea erogeneous people. No other country has Fresh has orchestrated a Christian Day of patriotism, as once expressed by Albert done it on the vast American scale. It has School for preschool through fifth grade stu Camus, is the devotion to the ideal of what made the ··good life·· possible even for the their country might be. And this is the common man. It gives him a chance to make dents, supervised the construction of a sanc problem. They compare American reality something of his life by liberating him from tuary, and secured a two-story office/Christian with the America of their dreams and the crushing burden of poverty plaguing education complex. bemoan the gap. They lament what has not most of the world. Any country that can do Mr. Speaker, I have only the highest regard been done and miss what has. Mesmerized that within just 200 years of its formation for Pastor Fresh. I believe he exemplifies the by a dream, they cannot be happy with re should not be called tragic. Most Americans values of God, community, family, and caring ality. Their concept of America is Utopian. take their good fortune for granted. I don't. that have made this country great. His past What matters. however, is not that Amer I know better. I am from the old world, work proves-indeed sets in concrete-his ica falls short of its promise, but that it con where they still see America as the prom tinually strives toward that promise. That is ised land. unyielding effort in service of his fellow man. the American genius. There is something to be said for the American belief. some would call it naivete, that if you keep trying, things will get better. IN HONOR OF PASTOR JAMES CONGRATULATIONS COLLEEN I can say that even in the short two dec FRESH ANNE MANIGAN ades that I have been here America has indeed changed for the better. Take, for ex HON. MICHAEL BILIRAKIS ample, the progress made on the issue of OF FLORIDA HON. RONALD K. MACHTLEY race relations, which seemed to tear the OF RHODE ISLAND country apart during the "60's. Who would IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have thought then in the midst of all the Tuesday, June 20, 1989 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENT.(TIVES acrimonious debate, the agitated demonstra Tuesday, June 20, 1989 tions and the exploding cities that within Mr. BILIRAKIS. Mr. Speaker, one of the just two decades Jesse Jackson would carry privileges of being a Congressman is the op Mr. MACHTLEY. Mr. Speaker, it is my dis Virginia and be a credible candidate for the portunity to honor individuals who have con- tinct pleasure to congratulate Colleen Anne 12614 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 20, 1989 Manigan, of Woonsocket, Rl, this year's recipi Mr. Speaker, a recent editorial in the SUPPORT NEEDED FOR ent of the first annual Ronald K. Machtley Omaha World-Herald examined the Sandi COLONIAS LEGISLATION Award for Woonsocket High School in Woon nista-Noriega connection. The editorial con socket, Rl. cludes that "Now that the fact that Nicaragua HON. MICKEY LELAND This award is presented to the student, is openly sharing its Soviet-stocked arsenal OF TEXAS chosen by Woonsocket High School, who with the likes of Manuel Noriega has come to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES demonstrates a mature blend of academic light, the true character of Nicaragua's rulers Tuesday, June 20, 1989 achievement, community involvement, and moves into sharper focus." Mr. Speaker, this leadership qualities. Member would commend the editorial of the Mr. LELAND. Mr. Speaker, this past week Colleen has clearly met this criteria by being June 11, 1989 edition of the Omaha World end, in my home State of Texas, legislation a high academic achiever, finishing in the top Herald to his colleagues. This editorial indeed was enacted which provides $30 million in 10 percent in her class. This is quite an ac general appropriations and clears the way for complishment in light of the fact that she is brings into sharper focus the Nicaraguan com plicity in further destabilizing Central America. bond sales of more than $100 million to build enrolled in the most challenging academic water and sewer systems along rural unincor program her school has to offer. porated subdivisions located along the United I commend Colleen for her achievements [From the Sunday World-Herald, June 11, 1989] States-Mexico border, better known as colon- and wish her all the best in her future endeav . ias. ors. Colonias are characterized by substandard SANDINISTAS' TRUE COLORS REFLECT IN AID housing, inadequate plumbing and sewage TO NORIEGA NICARAGUA AND PANAMA: A disposal systems and poor access to clean CENTRAL AMERICAN DISGRACE How awkward for the American congress water. These areas are highly concentrated men, religious leaders and others who have poverty pockets that are physically and legally HON. DOUG BEREUTER maintained that the Nicaraguan govern isolated from neighboring cities. It is only in OF NEBRASKA ment poses no threat to democracy in other these highly unregulated areas that the poor Central American countries. Nicaragua, al inhabitants can lay claim to home ownership, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES though its economy is a shambles, is provid which on the surface appears affordable. Tuesday, June 20, 1989 ing military aid to Panamanian dictator However, homes in the colonias are afford Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Speaker, the recent Manuel Noriega. able only because these communities lack the events in China have pushed the crisis in The disclosure by U.S. and Sandinista basic necessities that other Americans are ac Panama from the forefront of our minds. We sources strengthens the impression, long customed to: Water, sewage, paved streets, should remember, however, that Gen. Noriega held in the U.S. State Department, that Ni education, access to health care, drainage remains in control of that beleaguered nation. caragua's military build-up, aided by Soviet and fire and police protection. The problems The arrogance of the Panamanian leader and arms and Cuban advisers, is a threat to Cen in the colonias have existed since the 1960's his junta repeatedly has been demonstrated. tral America's fragile democracies. but have worsened in the last 10 years as The delegation of the Organization of Ameri A close relationship between the Sandinis their populations have increased dramatically. can States has been rebuffed, with the best tas and Noriega also raises concern about a The constantly shrinking stock of affordable efforts of this crisis resolution team meeting possible Nicaragua-Panama-Cuba axis. In housing has left many of the residents in stony silence. Clearly, Noriega is convinced view of the U.S. agreement to hand over South Texas with no alternative other than that he does not have to surrender power. control of the Panama Canal to the Pana living in a colonia. It is worthy to note, Mr. Speaker, that Nica manian government, such an alliance could Last month, the Select Committee on give U.S. adversaries an opportunity to cur ragua was the only nation to come to General Hunger, which I chair, held a field hearing in Noriega's defense during the OAS emergency tail U.S. commercial and defense shipments between the East Coast and the Pacific. Eagle Pass, TX, to examine the problems pre foreign ministers meeting. The OAS approved vailing in the colonias. During the hearing we a resolution of condemnation of the electoral Nicaragua has emerged as Noriega's main visited a colonia site and heard testimony violence by a vote of 20 to 2, with only ally, although Cuban leader Fidel Castro from experts that have studied the area. The has reportedly had quiet contacts with the Panama and Nicaragua voting in opposition. human suffering caused by the bleak condi Panamanian strongman. In addition, Nicaragua voted against having an tions of the area were astonishing to all the OAS delegatio:1 to mediate between the junta Other Central American leaders have con members which attended the hearing. Howev and the opposition coalition party that had demned Noriega's brazen theft of last er, the suffering can be ceased and the condi won the election. month's presidential elections. The organi zation of American States is trying to nego tions can be improved if assistance is granted Now many reports indicate that Nicaragua is to the area residents. By enacting the State doing more than merely voicing diplomatic tiate an arrangement by which Noriega would give up power. The Nicaraguan minis colonia legislation, the Texas Legislature has support for Manuel Noriega and his thugs. taken the first steps toward achieving these Nicaragua may be in economic chaos, but ter recently voted against an extension of the effort on the grounds that Noriega op goals. It is now Congress' turn to lend its as they still have sufficient resources to provide poses it. sistance to these impoverished areas. Both military assistance to Panama. Nicaragua, The Sandinistas deny arming Marxist Representatives RONALD COLEMAN and SOLO which has by far the most overpowering mili MON ORTIZ have introduced legislation target tary machine in Central America, has demon rebels in El Salvador and elsewhere, al though the State Department says it has ting assistance to colonia sites all along the strated its willingness to expand its power and evidence to the contrary. United States-Mexico border. I urge all my col influence throughout the region. In providing leagues to support the passage of this legisla military assistance to the outlaw dictator No Most of the aid to Panama is going to Nor iega's Dignity Battalions, a private force of tion. riega, Nicaragua shows that it will make any thugs that helps Noriega stay in power by Attached is a copy of an article on, the deal, no matter how reprehensible, to change harassing his political enemies, including Texas colonia legislation which was published the balance of forces in Latin America against the apparent winners of the May election. in today's Washington Post: democracy and the United States. The Nicaraguan military support for the Nor For a long time, the Sandinistas were able RELIEF FINALLY COMING TO BORDER SLUMS: TEXAS BILL PROVIDES CLEAN WATER, SEWERS iega regime raises a number of questions, Mr. to pass themselves off as a party of priests, Speaker. How will this dangerous liaison poets and populists who were committed to the auditorium. Every chair mutters the signed into law a colonias bill that provides the Health Advisory Committee. Her extracur same message. As he scans to his right, his $30 million in general appropriations and ricular activities also include being a student vision abandons him. All he senses are the clears the way for bond sales of more than council representative and a member of the hundreds of voices: "My vote doesn't $100 million. Senior Buddy Program. Lori was recently the count!" "My vote is not important!" "My The money will be used to build water and recipient of the Attorney General's Outstand vote doesn't matter!" The shouting over sewer systems in border neighborhoods that ing Student Award. whelms his head and he leaves in dismay. lack them and to subsidize hookup costs for I commend Lori for her achievements and Although this is an exaggerated incident, it residents, who are to be charged based on wish her all the best in her future endeavors. illustrates the voter turnout problem in our their ability to pay. Federal lawmakers, who country. The people who feel elections do had been waiting for the Texas government not need them could fill hundreds of these to act, are expected to pass legislation in ESSAY CONTEST WINNERS auditoriums . said she hoped most of second in the senior division with her essay, In more recent years, some elections have the 30,000 people in El Paso without water "Is Your Vote Important?" Bridget Ford of made the vote decisively influential in the could be hooked up to drinking water within victory of a candidate. For example, in 1976, four years. Park Ridge, a student at Mary Seat of Wisdom of eighty million votes cast for Carter and " It was a tremendous victory," said Er School, placed second in the junior division Ford less than two million delivered Carter nesto Cortes, director of the Texas Industri with her essay, "That Which We are Capable the presidency. In the Nixon-Humphrey al Areas Foundation. the state's leading or of Feeling, We are Capable of Saying." election of 1968, the individual vote pos ganizer for the powerless and dispossessed. I congratulate these and other participants sessed even more influence than in 1976. When the Texas House members passed who took the time to research, write, and edit Nixon won by less than half a million votes. the colonias bill in the final hours of the their papers. It is through programs such as Furthermore. the closest presidential elec tion of this century was between Kennedy 1989 session, a tear was seen rolling down this one that students develop an appreciation the cheek of tough, practical Cortes. His and Nixon in 1960. Every vote in this elec friends said the tear would be transformed for the traditions of this great and enduring tion was vital to the outcome. Kennedy won into the first drop of clean water running representative democracy. by less than 120,000 votes, less than one through the pipes to the colonias. A special note of thanks also to Mrs. Vivian vote per precinct. Therefore, when consider Turner, former principal of Blackhawk Junior ing one individual in any precinct, their vote High School, who coordinates this event. carried the ultimate importance. In addi CONGRATULATIONS LORI I commend the following winning essays to tion. there are many instances of mayoral DUQUETTE my colleagues for their consideration: and congressional races being decided by a fraction of a percent. For instance, in 1986 YOUR VOTE: A CATALYST one hundred and fifty thousand votes were HON. RONALD K. MACHTLEY

choose to believe that the Pledge of Alle PRO-LIFE FEMINISM: AN IDEA WHOSE TIME cnce pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting giance is unnecessary are probably unsure HAS COME with dignity. about their feeling of loyalty or level of To most people. t he term .. pro-life femi Planned Parenthood, which claims to be commitment to their country. nist" is a contradiction in terms. While concerned with the health of women, sees America is a very unique country in that Gloria Steinem and J erry Falwell agree on more than 2 million women a year-most of the government doesn't force anyone to very little, both have stated that it is impos them low income-and is the nation's lead openly pledge loyalty. We have freedom of sible to support womens· rights without ing purveyor of abortion services, but pro speech and freedom of choice. No one is being in favor of abortion-on-demand as \"ides prenatal care to only 12% of its clients. forced to recite the simple sentence that well. Indeed, the focus of the modern Why must it be up to the pro-life move tells the world that America is a great women's movement has been the securing of ment-us wild-eyed, .. anti-choice fanatics" nation that sticks together and guarantees abortion rights. and when the Roe v. Wade to offer these women emotional and finan freedoms and justice for all its citizens. decision was handed down, some feminists cial support? Perhaps it is because the only Citizens who are aware of the blessings literally danced in the streets. ··choice·· Molly Yard and her ilk recognize is that America provides for them are willing Feminism can be defined as a philosophy the one to abort. and proud to verbalize their respect, alle that allows each individual to reach his or Much of the support for abortion-on giance, and feelings for their nation. They her fullest potential, unhindered by sexism demand comes from allegations that prior realize that the freedoms that America or racism. But by encouraging fatal discrim to legalization, thousands of women died guarantees to all people didn't come easily. ination against preborn children has introduced a reform that lowers budget reform proposals. have been at least 10 different line-item the deficit target by the amount of a tax in Biennial Budget. This reform, introduced veto plans introduced so far this year. The crease. This ensures that new taxes go by Reps. Jerry Huckaby Ralph Regula . from tax increases that occur the year 1979. Tim Penny . and Chris Cox and Rep. Bill Frenzel

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