DOCSLIB.ORG

Ménage-À-Trois: the Amoeba Nuclearia Sp. from Lake Zurich with Its Ecto- and Endosymbiotic Bacteria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ménage-À-Trois: the Amoeba Nuclearia Sp. from Lake Zurich with Its Ecto- and Endosymbiotic Bacteria Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2014 Ménage-à-trois: The amoeba Nuclearia sp. from Lake Zurich with its ecto- and endosymbiotic bacteria Dirren, Sebastian ; Salcher, Michaela M ; Blom, J F ; Schweikert, M ; Posch, T Abstract: We present a fascinating triad relationship between a eukaryotic amoeba and its two bac- terial symbionts. The morphological characteristics of the amoeba allowed for a confident assignment to the genus Nuclearia (Opisthokonta, Nucleariidae), but species identification resulted in an ambigu- ous result. Sequence analysis indicated an affiliation to the species N. thermophila, however, several morphological features contradict the original description. Amoebal isolates were cultured for several years with their preferred food source, the microcystin-producing harmful cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens. Symbioses of the amoeba with ecto- and endosymbiotic bacteria were maintained over this period. Several thousand cells of the ectosymbiont are regularly arranged inside a layer of extracellular polymeric substances produced by the amoeba. The ectosymbiont was identified as Paucibacter tox- inivorans (Betaproteobacteria), which was originally isolated by enrichment with microcystins. We found indications that our isolated ectosymbiont indeed contributed to toxin-degradation. The endosymbiont (Gammaproteobacteria, 15-20 bacteria per amoeba) is enclosed in symbiosomes inside the host cytoplasm and represents probably an obligate symbiont. We propose the name ”Candidatus Endonucleariobacter rarus” for this bacterium that was neither found free-living nor in a symbiotic association. Nucleariidae are uniquely suited model organisms to study the basic principles of symbioses between opisthokonts and prokaryotes. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2014.08.004 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-107199 Journal Article Accepted Version Originally published at: Dirren, Sebastian; Salcher, Michaela M; Blom, J F; Schweikert, M; Posch, T (2014). Ménage-à-trois: The amoeba Nuclearia sp. from Lake Zurich with its ecto- and endosymbiotic bacteria. Protist, 165(5):745- 758. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2014.08.004 Manuscript Click here to view linked References Ménage-à-trois: The Amoeba Nuclearia sp. from Lake Zurich with its Ecto- 1 2 3 and Endosymbiotic Bacteria 4 5 a a,b a c 6 Sebastian Dirren , Michaela M. Salcher , Judith F. Blom , Michael Schweikert and Thomas 7 8 Poscha1 9 10 a 11 Limnological Station, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Seestrasse 187, CH- 12 13 8802 Kilchberg, Switzerland 14 15 b 16 Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of 17 18 Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic 19 20 cDepartment of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 21 22 23 D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany 24 25 26 27 28 Running Title: The Amoeba Nuclearia and its Bacterial Symbionts. 29 30 31 32 33 Number of pages (incl. references): 26 34 35 Number of tables: 2 36 37 Number of figures: 6 38 39 40 Number of Supplementary Figures: 4 (merged in one pdf-file) 41 42 Second revised version, Intended as Original Paper in „Protist‟ 43 44 45 46 47 1Corresponding author: 48 49 PD Dr. Thomas Posch 50 51 Limnological Station, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich 52 53 Seestrasse 187, CH-8802 Kilchberg, Switzerland 54 55 Phone: 0041 44 634 9224 56 Fax: 0041 44 634 9225 57 58 e-mail: [email protected] 59 60 61 62 63 1 64 65 1 1 Abstract 2 3 4 2 We present a fascinating triad relationship between a eukaryotic amoeba and its two bacterial 5 6 3 symbionts. The morphological characteristics of the amoeba allowed for a confident 7 8 9 4 assignment to the genus Nuclearia (Opisthokonta, Nucleraiidae), but species identification 10 11 5 resulted in an ambiguous image. Sequence analysis indicated an affiliation to the species N. 12 13 6 thermophila, 14 however, several morphological features contradict the original description. 15 16 7 Amoebal isolates were cultured for several years with their preferred food source, the 17 18 8 microcystin-producing harmful cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens. Symbioses of the 19 20 21 9 amoeba with ecto- and endosymbiotic bacteria were maintained over this period. Several 22 23 10 thousand cells of the ectosymbiont are regularly arranged inside a layer of extracellular 24 25 26 11 polymeric substances produced by the amoeba. It was identified as Paucibacter toxinivorans 27 28 12 (Betaproteobacteria), which was originally isolated by enrichment with microcystins. We 29 30 31 13 found indications that our isolated ectosymbiont indeed contributed to toxin-degradation. The 32 33 14 endosymbiont (Gammaproteobacteria, 15-20 bacteria per amoeba) is enclosed in 34 35 15 symbiosomes inside the host cytoplasm and represents probably an obligate symbiont. We 36 37 38 16 propose the name “Candidatus Endonucleariobacter rarus” for this bacterium that was neither 39 40 17 found free-living nor in a symbiotic association. Nucleariidae are uniquely suited model 41 42 43 18 organisms to study the basic principles of symbioses between opisthokonts and prokaryotes. 44 45 46 19 47 48 49 20 Key words: Bacteria-protist symbioses; Ectosymbionts; Endosymbionts; Feeding; 50 51 52 21 Nucleariidae; Paucibacter toxinivorans. 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 2 64 65 22 Introduction 1 2 23 3 Two billion years of co-evolution between eukaryotes and prokaryotes has led to the 4 5 24 establishment of numerous symbiotic associations (Moya et al. 2008). Essentially, all higher 6 7 25 animals and plants live in symbiosis with several, up to thousands of prokaryotic species 8 9 10 26 (Marx 2004; Paracer and Ahmadjian 2000; Ruby et al. 2004). Nevertheless, symbioses with 11 12 27 bacteria are not restricted to multicellular organisms. Bacterivorous protists live in intimate 13 14 15 28 contact with bacteria, and this spatial co-occurrence is a potential playground for novel 16 17 29 symbioses (Görtz and Brigge 1998; Nowack and Melkonian 2010; Schmitz-Esser et al. 2008). 18 19 20 30 Symbiotic bacteria of protists (Gast et al. 2009) are either attached to extracellular structures 21 22 31 (ectosymbionts) or inside the host itself (endosymbionts). 23 24 32 In this article the term symbiosis is used as it was first mentioned in a biological 25 26 27 33 context by Heinrich Anton de Bary in the year 1879 (see Appendix 1 in Paracer and 28 29 34 Ahmadjian (2000)). Symbiosis includes any kind of coevolutionary based „living together‟ of 30 31 32 35 „dissimilar individuals‟. Thus it comprises the whole spectrum of possible interactions 33 34 36 reaching from parasitism to mutualism. 35 36 37 37 So far, only a few associations of bacteria with protists have been characterized in 38 39 38 detail, as symbiotic bacteria are often uncultivable when separated from their hosts. Probably 40 41 39 42 in many cases the appropriate cultivation methods and media for a successful isolation of 43 44 40 symbionts have not been found. However, cultivation outside an obligate host has still to be 45 46 41 considered challenging or even impossible with the available methods. Nowadays, culture- 47 48 49 42 independent techniques like PCR, cloning and sequencing of marker genes, metagenomics, 50 51 43 and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) ease at least the identification of symbiotic 52 53 54 44 microorganisms. 55 56 45 Here we present a triad relationship, in which an amoeboid host is associated with 57 58 Nuclearia, 59 46 endo- as well as ectosymbiotic prokaryotes. The amoeba belongs to the genus the 60 61 47 type genus of the family Nucleariidae, which was originally assigned to the class Filosea by 62 63 3 64 65 48 Cann and Page (1979). Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses, nucleariid amoebae are a 1 2 49 3 sister group of Fungi (Brown et al. 2009) belonging to the diverse group of the Opisthokonta 4 5 50 (Liu et al. 2009; Steenkamp et al. 2006; Zettler et al. 2001). This phylogenetic position makes 6 7 51 them uniquely suited model organisms to study the basic principles of symbiosis between 8 9 10 52 opisthokont eukaryotes and prokaryotes. One typical feature of some Nuclearia species is the 11 12 53 excretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that form a mucous sheath around the 13 14 15 54 cell - already observed by Artari (1889). A positive periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining of the 16 17 55 EPS, indicating its polysaccharide character, was shown for N. radians (described as 18 19 20 56 Nucleosphaerium tuckeri by Cann and Page (1979)), for N. delicatula (Cann 1986) and for N. 21 22 57 simplex (Pernin 1976). The EPS can be colonized by ectosymbiotic bacteria that are arranged 23 24 58 regularly a few micrometres from the cell membrane (Cann 1986; Cann and Page 1979; 25 26 27 59 Patterson 1984). So far, endosymbiotic bacteria have been detected in two nucleariid species. 28 29 60 N. radians harbours endosymbionts that are surrounded by a peribacterial membrane in the 30 31 32 61 cytoplasm (Cann and Page 1979), and the amphizoic N. pattersoni has a rickettsial 33 34 62 endosymbiont (Dyková et al. 2003). 35 36 37 63 Besides being already a complex community of three microorganisms, several 38 39 64 nucleariid amoebae have a peculiar feeding behaviour with respect to prey ingestion and 40 41 65 Nuclearia 42 selection (Artari 1889; Cann 1986; Cann and Page 1979). These species can ingest 43 44 66 toxic filamentous cyanobacteria as their sole source of food. The herein presented Nuclearia 45 46 67 species isolated from Lake Zurich (Switzerland) preferentially feeds on the filamentous 47 48 49 68 cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens, which is the main primary producer in this 50 51 69 ecosystem (Posch et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Transport in Plants and in Root Nodules
    DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIALIZED TRANSPORT PATHWAYS IN PISUM SATIVUM ROOT NODULES by Cherish A. Warner A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biological Sciences Fall 2018 © 2018 Cherish A. Warner All Rights Reserved DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIALIZED TRANSPORT PATHWAYS IN PISUM SATIVUM ROOT NODULES by Cherish A. Warner Approved: __________________________________________________________ E. Fidelma Boyd, Ph.D. Chair of the Department of Biological Sciences Approved: __________________________________________________________ John Pelesko, Ph.D. Interim Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences Approved: __________________________________________________________ Douglas J. Doren, Ph.D. Interim Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: __________________________________________________________ D. Janine Sherrier, Ph.D. Professor in charge of dissertation I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: __________________________________________________________ Jeffrey L. Caplan, Ph.D. Member of dissertation committee I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: __________________________________________________________ Diane Herson, Ph.D. Member of dissertation committee I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
    [Show full text]
  • Iron Transport Across Symbiotic Membranes of Nitrogen-Fixing Legumes
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Iron Transport across Symbiotic Membranes of Nitrogen-Fixing Legumes David A. Day 1,* and Penelope M. C. Smith 2 1 College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia 2 School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: David.Day@flinders.edu.au Abstract: Iron is an essential nutrient for the legume-rhizobia symbiosis and nitrogen-fixing bac- teroids within root nodules of legumes have a very high demand for the metal. Within the infected cells of nodules, the bacteroids are surrounded by a plant membrane to form an organelle-like structure called the symbiosome. In this review, we focus on how iron is transported across the symbiosome membrane and accessed by the bacteroids. Keywords: legumes; nitrogen fixation; symbiosomes; iron 1. Introduction Iron is an essential nutrient for cell function and plants have developed specialised mechanisms for mobilising, absorbing and storing the metal. Cellular iron homeostasis is important because iron is toxic when present in excess. Symbiotically grown legumes have a particularly high requirement for iron and low iron severely retards their growth and their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen [1,2]. Legumes form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria (rhizobia) that enables the plants to utilize atmospheric nitrogen for growth. Infection of the legume root by rhizobia Citation: Day, D.A.; Smith, P.M.C. results in the formation of specialized organs called nodules that provide the microaerobic Iron Transport across Symbiotic conditions required for operation of the bacterium’s nitrogenase enzyme.
    [Show full text]
  • Protist Phylogeny and the High-Level Classification of Protozoa
    Europ. J. Protistol. 39, 338–348 (2003) © Urban & Fischer Verlag http://www.urbanfischer.de/journals/ejp Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa Thomas Cavalier-Smith Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK; E-mail: [email protected] Received 1 September 2003; 29 September 2003. Accepted: 29 September 2003 Protist large-scale phylogeny is briefly reviewed and a revised higher classification of the kingdom Pro- tozoa into 11 phyla presented. Complementary gene fusions reveal a fundamental bifurcation among eu- karyotes between two major clades: the ancestrally uniciliate (often unicentriolar) unikonts and the an- cestrally biciliate bikonts, which undergo ciliary transformation by converting a younger anterior cilium into a dissimilar older posterior cilium. Unikonts comprise the ancestrally unikont protozoan phylum Amoebozoa and the opisthokonts (kingdom Animalia, phylum Choanozoa, their sisters or ancestors; and kingdom Fungi). They share a derived triple-gene fusion, absent from bikonts. Bikonts contrastingly share a derived gene fusion between dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase and include plants and all other protists, comprising the protozoan infrakingdoms Rhizaria [phyla Cercozoa and Re- taria (Radiozoa, Foraminifera)] and Excavata (phyla Loukozoa, Metamonada, Euglenozoa, Percolozoa), plus the kingdom Plantae [Viridaeplantae, Rhodophyta (sisters); Glaucophyta], the chromalveolate clade, and the protozoan phylum Apusozoa (Thecomonadea, Diphylleida). Chromalveolates comprise kingdom Chromista (Cryptista, Heterokonta, Haptophyta) and the protozoan infrakingdom Alveolata [phyla Cilio- phora and Miozoa (= Protalveolata, Dinozoa, Apicomplexa)], which diverged from a common ancestor that enslaved a red alga and evolved novel plastid protein-targeting machinery via the host rough ER and the enslaved algal plasma membrane (periplastid membrane).
    [Show full text]
  • S41467-021-25308-W.Pdf
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25308-w OPEN Phylogenomics of a new fungal phylum reveals multiple waves of reductive evolution across Holomycota ✉ ✉ Luis Javier Galindo 1 , Purificación López-García 1, Guifré Torruella1, Sergey Karpov2,3 & David Moreira 1 Compared to multicellular fungi and unicellular yeasts, unicellular fungi with free-living fla- gellated stages (zoospores) remain poorly known and their phylogenetic position is often 1234567890():,; unresolved. Recently, rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses of two atypical parasitic fungi with amoeboid zoospores and long kinetosomes, the sanchytrids Amoeboradix gromovi and San- chytrium tribonematis, showed that they formed a monophyletic group without close affinity with known fungal clades. Here, we sequence single-cell genomes for both species to assess their phylogenetic position and evolution. Phylogenomic analyses using different protein datasets and a comprehensive taxon sampling result in an almost fully-resolved fungal tree, with Chytridiomycota as sister to all other fungi, and sanchytrids forming a well-supported, fast-evolving clade sister to Blastocladiomycota. Comparative genomic analyses across fungi and their allies (Holomycota) reveal an atypically reduced metabolic repertoire for sanchy- trids. We infer three main independent flagellum losses from the distribution of over 60 flagellum-specific proteins across Holomycota. Based on sanchytrids’ phylogenetic position and unique traits, we propose the designation of a novel phylum, Sanchytriomycota. In addition, our results indicate that most of the hyphal morphogenesis gene repertoire of multicellular fungi had already evolved in early holomycotan lineages. 1 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Orsay, France. 2 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. ✉ Petersburg, Russia. 3 St.
    [Show full text]
  • Group of Microorganisms at the Animal-Fungal Boundary
    16 Aug 2002 13:56 AR AR168-MI56-14.tex AR168-MI56-14.SGM LaTeX2e(2002/01/18) P1: GJC 10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160950 Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2002. 56:315–44 doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160950 First published online as a Review in Advance on May 7, 2002 THE CLASS MESOMYCETOZOEA: A Heterogeneous Group of Microorganisms at the Animal-Fungal Boundary Leonel Mendoza,1 John W. Taylor,2 and Libero Ajello3 1Medical Technology Program, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing Michigan, 48824-1030; e-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102; e-mail: [email protected] 3Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Atlanta Georgia 30333; e-mail: [email protected] Key Words Protista, Protozoa, Neomonada, DRIP, Ichthyosporea ■ Abstract When the enigmatic fish pathogen, the rosette agent, was first found to be closely related to the choanoflagellates, no one anticipated finding a new group of organisms. Subsequently, a new group of microorganisms at the boundary between an- imals and fungi was reported. Several microbes with similar phylogenetic backgrounds were soon added to the group. Interestingly, these microbes had been considered to be fungi or protists. This novel phylogenetic group has been referred to as the DRIP clade (an acronym of the original members: Dermocystidium, rosette agent, Ichthyophonus, and Psorospermium), as the class Ichthyosporea, and more recently as the class Mesomycetozoea. Two orders have been described in the mesomycetozoeans: the Der- mocystida and the Ichthyophonida. So far, all members in the order Dermocystida have been pathogens either of fish (Dermocystidium spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Cnidarian-Algal Associations
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Jodi A. Schwarz for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology presented on October 18, 2002. Title: Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Cnidarian-Algal Associations Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: Virginia M. Weis Intracellular symbioses between cnidarians and dinoflagellates from the genus Symbiodinium are widespread throughout the marine environment. These associations are ecologically significant, especially in tropical waters where symbiotic interactions between corals and Symbiodinium culminate in the formation of limestone reefs. This thesis focuses on cellular and molecular aspects of the symbiosis, specifically the initiation of the symbiosis and characterization of a host gene, sym32, that is believed to function in the symbiosis. Sym32 was originally identified as a differentially expressed protein in symbiotic vs. aposymbiotic individuals of the sea anemone, Anthopleura elegantissima. Based on its deduced amino acid sequence, sym32 belongs to a family of cell adhesion proteins that play roles in cell recognition in a diverse array of organisms. Chapter 2 examines the process by which a new cnidarian host acquires its first symbionts. Larvae of the scleractinian coral Fungia scutaria, which are initially aposymbiotic, acquired symbionts while feeding. Symbionts that entered the larval gastric cavity with food were subsequently taken into host gastrodermal cells by phagocytosis. Chapter 3 describes immunolocalization of sym32 in A. elegantissima tentacles. In aposymbiotic tentacles, sym32 was localized to vesicles within the host gastrodermal cells. Symbiotic tentacles lacked sym32-containing vesicles. Instead, sym32 was present among the membranes that enclose the symbionts within host cells. Western blots of proteins fromSymbiodiniumrevealed a 45/48kD doublet that cross-reacts with anti-sym32 antiserum.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal for Practical Multi-Kingdom Classification of Eukaryotes Based on Monophyly 2 and Comparable Divergence Time Criteria
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/240929; this version posted December 29, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Proposal for practical multi-kingdom classification of eukaryotes based on monophyly 2 and comparable divergence time criteria 3 Leho Tedersoo 4 Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411 Tartu, Estonia 5 Contact: email: [email protected], tel: +372 56654986, twitter: @tedersoo 6 7 Key words: Taxonomy, Eukaryotes, subdomain, phylum, phylogenetic classification, 8 monophyletic groups, divergence time 9 Summary 10 Much of the ecological, taxonomic and biodiversity research relies on understanding of 11 phylogenetic relationships among organisms. There are multiple available classification 12 systems that all suffer from differences in naming, incompleteness, presence of multiple non- 13 monophyletic entities and poor correspondence of divergence times. These issues render 14 taxonomic comparisons across the main groups of eukaryotes and all life in general difficult 15 at best. By using the monophyly criterion, roughly comparable time of divergence and 16 information from multiple phylogenetic reconstructions, I propose an alternative 17 classification system for the domain Eukarya to improve hierarchical taxonomical 18 comparability for animals, plants, fungi and multiple protist groups. Following this rationale, 19 I propose 32 kingdoms of eukaryotes that are treated in 10 subdomains. These kingdoms are 20 further separated into 43, 115, 140 and 353 taxa at the level of subkingdom, phylum, 21 subphylum and class, respectively (http://dx.doi.org/10.15156/BIO/587483).
    [Show full text]
  • 330, 329, 357 Acquired/Secondary
    j689 Index a acute/chronic pulmonary Acanthamoeba castellanii 152 histoplasmosis 567 acid-fast staining 327 ACV trafficking 248 acquired immune deficiency syndrome adaptive immune system 217 (AIDS) 330, 329, 357 – antigen processing 225–230 acquired/secondary mutualistic – B cells, antibodies and immunity endosymbionts 553–554 224–225 þ actin-associated proteins 131 – CD4 TH1 217–220 actin-based motility system 440, 435 – cells of 217–225 þ – process 435 – cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes 221–222 actin-binding proteins (ABPs) 126, 127 – natural killer T lymphocytes 222–223 – coronin 337 – regulatory T cells 223–224 – filamin 130 – T cell receptors 225 – SipA 379 – ab T cells 217 actin cytoskeleton 126, 135 – gd TCRT lymphocytes 222 – background 126 – TH2 lymphocytes 217–220 – – – disruption 135 TH17 lymphocytes 220 221 actin-dependent process 132 adaptive virulence mechanisms 27 – phagocytosis 289 adenylate kinase 133 actin depolymerization factor (ADF) 127 ADP-actin 129 actin filament 129 ADP-Pi-bound monomers 126 actin interactions 128 ADP-ribosylation factor 1(Arf1) 71 – binding 128 ADP transporter 133 – nucleation 128 Aerobacter aerogenes 21 actin monomers 127 Afipia felis 237, 239, 240, 242, 248, see also cat actin nucleation assay, schematic scratch disease presentation 130 – containing phagosome 240, 241, 242, 249, actin polymerization process 116, 129, 243, 251 247 – immunology 251–252 – inhibitor 399 – intracellular bacterium 239 – machinery, lipophosphoglycan (LPG)- – intracellular fate determination 246–248 mediated retention 590 – low-efficiency uptake pathway 242–243 actin-recruiting protein 277 – macrophages 246 actin-remodeling proteins 118 – uptake/intracellular compartmentation actin-rich bacteria-containing membrane, model 240, 248 formation 402 Agrobacterium tumefaciens 311, 575 actin system 126 – Cre recombinase reporter assay 311 Intracellular Niches of Microbes.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Intracellular Niche in Cnidariansymbiodinium Symbioses: Parasites Lead the Way J.A
    UNDERSTANDING THE INTRACELLULAR NICHE IN CNIDARIANSYMBIODINIUM SYMBIOSES: PARASITES LEAD THE WAY J.A. Schwarz To cite this version: J.A. Schwarz. UNDERSTANDING THE INTRACELLULAR NICHE IN CNIDARIANSYMBIO- DINIUM SYMBIOSES: PARASITES LEAD THE WAY. Vie et Milieu / Life & Environment, Obser- vatoire Océanologique - Laboratoire Arago, 2008, pp.141-151. hal-03246111 HAL Id: hal-03246111 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03246111 Submitted on 2 Jun 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. VIE ET MILIEU - LIFE AND ENVIRONMENT, 2008, 58 (2): 141-151 UNDERSTANDING THE INTRACELLULAR NICHE IN CNIDARIAN- SYMBIODINIUM SYMBIOSES: PARASITES LEAD THE WAY J. A. SCHWARZ Biology Department, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA [email protected] SYMBIOSIS ABSTRACT. – Most scleractinian corals and many other cnidarians host intracellular photosyn- CORAL CNIDARIAN thetic dinoflagellate symbionts. The symbionts contribute to host metabolism and skeletogene- SYMBIODINIUM sis to such extent that this symbiosis is well recognized for its contribution in creating the coral PHAGOCYTOSIS reef ecosystem. However, the significance of this animal-microeukaryote association as the only HOST-MICROBE INTERACTION widespread infection of animal cells by a mutualistic microeukaryote has yet to be explored.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010.-Hungria-MLI.Pdf
    Mohammad Saghir Khan l Almas Zaidi Javed Musarrat Editors Microbes for Legume Improvement SpringerWienNewYork Editors Dr. Mohammad Saghir Khan Dr. Almas Zaidi Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh Muslim University Fac. Agricultural Sciences Fac. Agricultural Sciences Dept. Agricultural Microbiology Dept. Agricultural Microbiology 202002 Aligarh 202002 Aligarh India India [email protected] [email protected] Prof. Dr. Javed Musarrat Aligarh Muslim University Fac. Agricultural Sciences Dept. Agricultural Microbiology 202002 Aligarh India [email protected] This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for all the information contained in this book. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. # 2010 Springer-Verlag/Wien Printed in Germany SpringerWienNewYork is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.at Typesetting: SPI, Pondicherry, India Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free bleached paper SPIN: 12711161 With 23 (partly coloured) Figures Library of Congress Control Number: 2010931546 ISBN 978-3-211-99752-9 e-ISBN 978-3-211-99753-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-211-99753-6 SpringerWienNewYork Preface The farmer folks around the world are facing acute problems in providing plants with required nutrients due to inadequate supply of raw materials, poor storage quality, indiscriminate uses and unaffordable hike in the costs of synthetic chemical fertilizers.
    [Show full text]
  • David López Escardó
    Unveiling new molecular Opisthokonta diversity: A perspective from evolutionary genomics David López Escardó TESI DOCTORAL UPF / ANY 2017 DIRECTOR DE LA TESI Dr. Iñaki Ruiz Trillo DEPARTAMENT DE CIÈNCIES EXPERIMENTALS I DE LA SALUT ii Acknowledgements: Aquesta tesi va començar el dia que, mirant grups on poguer fer el projecte de màster, vaig trobar la web d'un grup de recerca que treballaven amb uns microorganismes, desconeguts per mi en aquell moment, per entendre l'origen dels animals. Tres o quatre assignatures de micro a la carrera, i cap d'elles tractava a fons amb protistes i menys els parents unicel·lulars dels animals. En fi, "Bitxos" raros, origen dels animals... em va semblar interessant. Així que em vaig presentar al despatx del Iñaki vestit amb el tratge de comercial de Tecnocasa, per veure si podia fer les pràctiques del Màster amb ells. El primer que vaig volguer remarcar durant l'entrevista és que no pretenia anar amb tratge a la feina, que no es pensés que jo de normal vaig tan seriós... Sigui com sigui, després de rumiar-s'ho, em va dir que endavant i em va emplaçar a fer una posterior entrevista amb els diferents membres del lab perquè tries un projecte de màster. Per tant, aquí el meu primer agraïment i molt gran, al Iñaki, per permetre'm, no només fer el màster, sinó també permetre'm fer aquesta tesis al seu laboratori. També per la llibertat alhora de triar projectes i per donar-li al MCG un ambient cordial on hi dóna gust treballar. Gràcies, doncs, per deixar-me entrar al món científic per la porta de la protistologia, la genòmica i l'evolució, que de ben segur m'acompanyaran sempre.
    [Show full text]
  • Transgenic Approaches to Study Nodulation in the Model Legume, Lotus Japonicus
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2003 Transgenic Approaches to Study Nodulation in the Model Legume, Lotus japonicus Crystal Bickley McAlvin University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Microbiology Commons Recommended Citation McAlvin, Crystal Bickley, "Transgenic Approaches to Study Nodulation in the Model Legume, Lotus japonicus. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2003. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2151 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Crystal Bickley McAlvin entitled "Transgenic Approaches to Study Nodulation in the Model Legume, Lotus japonicus." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Microbiology. Dr. Gary Stacey, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Dr. Beth Mullin, Dr. Jeff Becker, Dr. Albrecht VonArnim, Dr. Pam Small Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Crystal Bickley McAlvin entitled “Transgenic approaches to study nodulation in the model legume, Lotus japonicus”.
    [Show full text]