DESMIDS from MANGRUL DAM, DIST. JALGAON, MAHARASHTRA *Patil S.A

ABSTRACT The present paper deals with an account of 36 taxa of desmids, collected from Mangrul dam, (210 19’ 45” N and 720, 2’ 15” E) district Jalgaon, Maharashtra. Of these 23 taxa are reported for the first time from Maharashtra, 10 are additions to Indian desmids and 3 taxa, Euastrum bombayense var. minor var. nov., Euastrum spinulosum var. major var. nov., and Cosmarium contractum var. ellipsoideum f. major f. nov., are new to science.

Keywords: Desmids, Mangrul Dam, Maharashtra, India

INTRODUCITON During the study of Ecology and biodiversity of algae from Mangrul dam, dist. Jalgaon, Maharashtra the authors collected 88 taxa of desmids of which 36 taxa are described in this paper. Knowledge of desmids from Maharashtra is known through the work of Dixit (1937), Gonzalves and Joshi (1946), Gonzalves and Gangla (1947), Kamat (1975), Kamat (1973), Kamat (1968), Kamat (1974), Kamat (1963), Ashtekar and Kamat (1979), Ashtekar and Kamat (1978), Freitas and Kamat (1978), Kamat and Tiwari (1978), Barhate and Tarar (1981), Nandkar (1982), Pingle (1988), Bodas (1991), Sadhana and Gunale (1992), Nandan (199), Tarar et al., (1998), Chaudhari (2011), Nandan and Mahajan (2002b), Jawale et al., (2005), Nandan and Jain (2005) and Dhande and Jawale, (2009).

MATERIALS AND METHODS The algal collections were made during Nov. 2006 – Oct. 2008 from Mangrul dam (210 19’ 45” N and 720, 2’ 15” E) in Jalgaon district of Maharashtra. Two sites (SI and SII) were selected for collection of algal samples. Collections were made between 7.30 to 9.00 a.m. at fortnightly or monthly intervals. Camera lucida drawings were made from fresh as well as materials preserved in 4% formalin. Identification of taxa was done with the help of monograph by Turner (1892), book by Prasad and Misra (1992) and relevant research publications. Systematic Account Closterium acutum (Lyngb.) Breb. var. linea (Perty) West et West Pl. 1, Fig. 1 Prasad and Misra, (1987), P. 100, Pl. 16, Fig. 2. Cell 10.3 m broad, 124.5 m long, straight, gradually attenuated to acute and faintly curved apices; cell wall smooth; chloroplast with 10 pyrenoids arranged in a row. Habitat : Coll. No. 731, S-II (3/6/2008). Closterium dianae Ehr. var. brevius (Wittr.) Petkoff Pl. 1, Fig. 2 Parra and Gonzalez, (1977), P. 17, Figs. 33-34 Cell 21.8 m broad, 124.5 m long; strongly curved towards the apices, inner side concave, apex broadly acute; chloroplast lamellated, pyrenoids 4-6; wall smooth. Habitat : Coll. Nos. 729, S-I (9/7/2008); 742, S-II (12/8/2008). Closterium dianae Ehr. var. dianae f. dianae Ehr. Pl. 1, Fig. 3 Růžička, (1973), P. 200, Pl.5, Figs. 3-4. © Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 137

International Journal of Geology, Earth and Environmental Sciences ISSN: 2277-2081 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jgee.htm 2014 Vol. 4 (1) January-April, pp.137-146/Patil and Jawale Research Article Cell 24.5 m broad, 200.8 m long; medium sized, outer margin strongly curved with 112-125 degrees of arc, inner slightly tumid, cell gradually attenuated to acute or subacute apices; cell wall smooth; chloroplast with 6- 8 pyrenoids arranged in a row. Habitat : Coll. No. 721, S-II (3/6/2008). Closterium dianae Ehr. var. pseudodianae (Roy) Krieg. Pl. 1, Fig.4 Groenblad, Scott and Croasdale, (1968), P. 9, Fig. 17. Cell 17.2 m broad, 231.7 m long; slightly curved, little inflated in the middle towards the inner side ; apices acutely rounded; chloroplast with 10 pyrenoids arranged in a linear series. Habitat : Coll. No. 633, S-II (6/10/2007). Closterium moniliferum (Bory) Ehr. var. malinvernianiforme (Gronble) Kossinskaja Pl. 1, Fig. 5 Patel and Asoka Kumar, (1979), P. 117, Pl.2, Fig.2. Cell 11.1 m broad, 112.1 m long; moderately curved, inner margin distinctly inflated in the middle, uniformly narrowed to the apices; apices obtusely rounded; cell wall smooth; chloroplast lamellate with 4-8 pyrenoids arranged in row in each semicell. Habitat : Coll. No. 729, S-I (9/7/2008). Pleurotaenium trabecula (Ehr.) Naeg. var. hirsutum (Bail.) Krieg. Pl. 1, Fig.6 Agarkar, (1969), P.3, Fig. 26. Cell 42.2 m broad, 549.1 m long, isthmus 23 m; basal inflation prominent; margins more or less parallel; cell wall with spinaceous hairs. Habitat : Coll. No. 711, S-I (3/6/2008). Euastrum bombayense (Gonz. et Gangla) Brandham var. minor var. nov. Pl. 1, Fig. 7 Cell 21.5 m broad, 34.9 m long, isthmus 6.1 m long, cell longer than broad; semi-cells trilobulate pyramidate, without median incision but with slight median thickening, in face view each semicell shows five facial lobes; sinus linear closed, open towards outer side. Cellula 21.5 m lata, 34.9 m longa, isthmus 6.1 m; cellula longior quam latior; semicellulae trilobulata pyromidales, sine medians incissione sed tenuiter in media increassatus, utrius semicellulae a super ficie visae cum 5 faciales lobi, sinu linearis, clauso, aperto ad extrinsecus. Euastrum bombayense (Gonz. et Gangla) var. minor var. nov. somewhat resembles with E. bombayense (Gonz. et Gangla) Brandham (Venkateswarlu, 1976) because of its trilobulate, pyramidate five facial lobe but present plant differs from it in its very small dimensions (21.5 m broad, 34.9 m long and isthmus 6.1 m long), therefore it is considered as a new variety. Habitat : Coll. No. S-I (4/6/2007). Euastrum sinuosum Lenorm. var. parallelum Krieg. Pl. 1, Fig. 8 Hinode, (1964), P. 84, Fig. V. 14. Cells 15.3–25 m broad, 56.8–59.2 m long, isthmus 8.4-9.2 m long; longer than broad, deeply constricted, sinus narrowly linear with dilated extremity; semicells 2-3 lobed, lateral lobes bilobulate and less prominent, polar lobe quadrate, oblong with deep median incision; punctations on cell wall not seen. Habitat : Coll. No. 646, S-I (5/12/2007). Euastrum spinulosum Delp. var. major var. nov. Pl. 1, Fig. 9 Cell 62.7 m broad, 74.5 m long, isthmus 21.8 m long; slightly longer than broad, deeply constricted, sinus narrow and linear; semicells 5 lobed; lateral lobes rounded with 8-10 small acute spines, polar lobe broadly truncate with a median notch; cell wall granulate within the polar and lateral lobes, each semicell with a rounded central protuberance with two rows of relatively longer granules. Cellula 62.7 m lata, 74.5 m longa, isthmus 21.8 m. Cellulae leviter longior quam latior, profunde conctricta; sinu angustus, linearis, semicellula 5-lobata, lobi laterales rotundato cum 8-10 parvae acuti spinae, lobus polaris late trucati cum medio incissionis; parietes cellulares granulati in polaris et lateralibus lobi, centralis rotundati protuberationem in utreque semicellula cum 2 seriebus relative magnorum granulosum. © Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 138

International Journal of Geology, Earth and Environmental Sciences ISSN: 2277-2081 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jgee.htm 2014 Vol. 4 (1) January-April, pp.137-146/Patil and Jawale Research Article Euastrum spinulosum Delp. var. major var. nov. closely resembles in size and ornamentation to E. spinulosum Delp. (Prasad and Misra, 1992, Pl. 19, Fig. 17); E. spinulosum Delp. Sub sp. africanum Nordst. var. minus Nordst. (Groenblad and Croasdale, 1971, Figs, 44, 45, 138) and E. spinulosum Delp. var. inermius Nordst. (Venkateswarlu, 1976, Pl. 2, Fig. 34) but the present plant differs from them in larger size and more number of spines (8-10) on lateral margins, hence it is considered here as a new variety. Habitat : Coll. No. 670, S-I (13/2/2008). Euastrum verrucosum Ehr. var. vallesiacum Viret. Pl. 1, Fig. 10 Suxena and Venkateswarlu, (1968), P. 29, Fig. 19. Cells 35.4–39 m broad, 40–42.7 m long, isthmus 9-10 m long; deeply constricted in the middle; cells smaller with rounded lobes and not wavy; elaborate central ornamentation, less apical notch; sinus narrow, linear arrangement of granules specially in the centre of the semicell. Habitat : Coll. Nos. 722, 725, S-I (9/7/2008). Cosmarium angulatum (Perty) Rabenh. f. major Grun. Pl. 1, Fig. 11 Turner, (1892), PP. 56-57, Pl. 8, Fig. 35, Pl.9, Fig. 25. Cell 32.7 m broad, 58.2 m long, isthmus 10 m long; chloroplast in large granular masses with two pyrenoids in each semicell; lateral margins angular, apex truncate and retuse. Habitat : Coll. Nos. 631, S-II (6/10/2007); 742, S-II (12/8/2008). Cosmarium bicardia Reinsch var. latius Gutw. Pl. 1, Fig. 12 Hortobagyi, (1973), P.113, Figs. 588-589. Cell 10 m broad, 8.4 m long, isthmus 1.9 m long; cell wall flat, slightly intended in the middle, membrane smooth, colourless; each semicell contains single pyrenoid. Habitat : Coll. No. 506, S-I (1/11/2006). Cosmarium circulare Reinsch Pl. 1, Fig. 13 Parra, (1975), P. 37, Fig. 87. Cell 40.9 m broad, 46.3 m long, isthmus 12.7 m long; deeply constricted, sinus linear; semicells subpyramidate, apex rounded to flat; cell wall smooth; chloroplast axile with single pyrenoid in each semicell. Habitat : Coll. No. 506, S-I (1/11/2006). Cosmarium contractum Kirch. var. contractum Kirch. Pl. 1, Fig. 14 Groenblad and Croasdale, (1971), P. 13, Fig. 66. Cell 18.8 m broad, 30.3 m long, isthmus 9.6 m long; longer than broad, deeply constricted in the middle, sinus narrowly linear; undulations subacute, apex narrow and retuse with rounded angles; semicells elliptic; cell wall smooth, colourless; chloroplast axile with a single pyrenoid in each semicell. Habitat : Coll. No. 670, S-I (13/2/2008). Cosmarium contractum Kirch. var. ellipsoideum (Elfv.) West et West f. major f. nov. Pl. 1, Fig. 15 Cells 36.3 – 37.2 m broad, 57.2 m long, isthmus 9 m long; deeply constricted in the middle, sinus narrowly linear, apex slightly retuse with rounded angles; semicells transversely ellipsoid; cell wall smooth. Cellulae 36.3 – 37.2 m lata, 57.2 m longa, isthmus 9 m, profunde constrictae in medio, sinu anguste lineari, retusa apicibus cum rotundiformis angular; semicellulae transervse ellipsoidi; cellularum parietibus levibus. Cosmarium contractum Kirch. var. ellipsoideum (Elfv.) West et West f. major f. nov. is nearer to C. contractum Kirch. var. ellipsoideum (Elfv) West et West (Prescott, 1966; Suxena and Venkateswarlu, 1968 and Prasad and Mehrotra, 1977) in having semicells transversely ellipsoid, apex retuse with rounded angles but the present plant differs from it in larger size and wider isthmus (36.3–37 m broad, 57.2 m long and isthmus 9 m long). Therefore it is considered as a new forma. Habitat : Coll. No. 506, S-I (1/11/2006). Cosmarium cucumis (Corda) Ralfs Pl. 1, Fig. 16 Růžička, (1973), P. 209, Pl.9, Fig. 16. © Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 139

International Journal of Geology, Earth and Environmental Sciences ISSN: 2277-2081 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jgee.htm 2014 Vol. 4 (1) January-April, pp.137-146/Patil and Jawale Research Article Cell 52.7 m broad, 91.8 m long, isthmus 22.7 m long; longer than broad, deeply constricted; sinus narrowly linear and open; semicells obovate with slightly depressed apex; cell wall within the margin finely granulate; chloroplast axile with one pyrenoid in each semicell. Habitat : Coll. No. 631, S-II (6/10/2007). Cosmarium depressum (Naeg.) Lund. var. circulare Krieg. et Gerl. Pl. 1, Fig. 17 Parra, (1975), P. 38, Fig. 90. Cell 18.8 m broad, 24.6 m long, isthmus 9.2 m long; cells longer than broad, deeply constricted in the middle, sinus linear with a slightly dilated apex; semicells elliptic or compressed hemispherical, apical margin slightly convex, lateral view of semicells sub-circular; apical view elliptic; cell wall smooth, colourless; chloroplast axile with one central pyrenoids in each semicells. Habitat : Coll. No. 514, S-I (3/12/2006). Cosmarium depressum (Naeg.) Lund. var. minutum (Heimerl) Krieg. et Gerl. Pl. 1, Fig. 18 Groenblad and Croasdale, (1971), P. 13, Pl.6, Fig. 72. Cell 23 m broad, 27.2 m long, isthmus 8.8 m long; almost as long as broad, deeply constricted; sinus open and acute angled; semicells sub-elliptic, dorsal margin strongly convex, angles thickened, obtusely rounded; cell wall smooth. Habitat : Coll. No. 506, S-I (1/11/2006). Cosmarium didymoprotupsum W. et. G. S. West Pl. 2, Fig. 1 Prasad and Misra, (1987), P. 169, Fig. 19 Cell 44.5 m broad, 50.9 m long, isthmus 11.8 m long, cells medium sized, very deeply constricted, sinus narrowly linear with a dilated extremity; semicells broadly truncate pyramidate, basal angles broadly rounded and granulate, apex truncate and straight; cell wall within the margin densely granulate, granules reduced towards the centre of the semicell; chloroplast axile with pyrenoids in each semicell. Habitat : Coll. No. 633, S-II (6/10/2007). Cosmarium hammeri Reinsch var. schmidlei Groenblad et Scott Pl. 2, Fig. 2 Prasad and Misra, (1992), P. 162, Pl. 21, Figs. 13, 18, 19. Cell 25.3 m broad, 39.1 m long, isthmus 6.9 m long; small, longer than broad, sub-hexagonal, deeply constricted, sinus narrowly linear with dilated apex; semicells with upper part of lateral margins converging and retuse, apices faintly retuse with rounded angles; cell wall thick and smooth; top view elliptic. Habitat : Coll. No. 509, S-II (1/11/2006). Cosmarium isthmocymatium Skuja Pl. 2, Fig. 3 Suxena and Venkateswarlu, (1968), P. 34, Figs. 30 a, b Cells 21.1 – 22.6 m broad, 56.8 – 62.2 m long, isthmus 8.4–11.1 m long; elliptic, longer than broad, deeply constricted in the middle, sinus narrowly linear; margins broadly undulate, undulations subacute, apex flat; cell wall with small and solid granules within margin; chloroplast parietal with single pyrenoid in each semicell. Habitat : Coll. Nos. 631, S-I (6/10/2007); 648, S-I (5/12/2007). Cosmarium lagenarioides (Roy et Biss.) Luetk var. intermedium Gutw. Pl. 2, Fig. 4 Taft, (1949), P. 214, Pl.2, Fig. 8. Cell 18.8 m broad, 61.4 m long, isthmus 9.2 m long; cell longer than broad, deeply constricted, sinus linear with dilated extremity; semicells oblong–rectangular with rounded angles and slightly convex sides; cell wall smooth; chloroplast axile with a single pyrenoid in each semicell. Habitat : Coll. No. 720, S-II (3/6/2008). Cosmarium lundellii Delp. var. ellipticum W. et G. S. West f. minus Prescott Pl. 2, Fig. 5 Prasad and Misra, (1987), PP. 164-165, Pl. 22, Fig. 23. Cell 23.8 m broad, 32.6 m long, isthmus 9.6 m long; sinus dilated at the tip; semicells sub- semicircular with relatively broader and rounded apices; chloroplast axile with two pyrenoids in each semicell. © Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 140

International Journal of Geology, Earth and Environmental Sciences ISSN: 2277-2081 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jgee.htm 2014 Vol. 4 (1) January-April, pp.137-146/Patil and Jawale Research Article Habitat : Coll. No. 631, S-I (6/10/2007). Cosmarium norimbergense Reinsch var. elongatum (W. et G. S. West) Krieg. et Gerl. Pl. 2, Fig. 6 Prasad and Misra, (1987), PP. 169-170, Pl. 21, Fig.12. Cell 14 m broad, 18 m long, isthmus 4.2 m long; very small, deeply constricted, sinus narrowly linear; semicells sub-rectangular, sides with a subacute undulations just above the rounded basal angles and slightly retuse in upper half, apex moderately narrowed with rounded angles and more or less straight margin; cell wall smooth; chloroplast axile with one pyrenoid in each semicell. Habitat : Coll. No. 506, S-I (1/11/2006). Cosmarium obtusatum Schm. var. undulatum Fritsch and Rich Pl. 2, Fig. 7 Groenblad and Croasdale, (1971), P. 16, Fig. 80. Cell 36.8 m broad, 51.8 m long, isthmus 10.7 m long; cells longer than broad, constricted in the middle; sinus linear with slightly dilated apex; semicells in vertical view narrowly ellipsoid; poles flattened slightly exerted; margins with 5-6 undulated shallow undulation, chloroplast with two pyrenoids in each semicells. Habitat : Coll. No. 619, S-I (7/9/2007). Cosmarium ocellatum Eichl. and Gutw. var. incrassatum West et West Pl. 2, Fig. 8 Bharati and Hegde, (1982), P. 746, Pl. 11, Fig.4. Cell 15.3 m broad, 18.8 m long, isthmus 4.2 m long; cells longer than broad, deeply constricted in the middle, sinus slightly open; semicells elliptic, basal angles dilated, apex rounded; cell wall smooth and colourless; chloroplast axile with single pyrenoid in each semicell. Habitat : Coll. No. 506, S-I (1/11/2006). Cosmarium pachydermum Lund. var. pachydermum Pl. 2, Fig. 9 Groenblad and Croasdale, (1971), P. 16, Fig. 58. Cell 56.3 m broad, 71.8 m long, isthmus 24.5 m long; cells longer than broad, deeply constricted; sinus narrowly linear with slightly dilated apex; semicells somewhat elliptic; lateral margins rounded; cell wall smooth; chloroplast axile with two pyrenoids in each semicells. Habitat : Coll. No. 631, S-II (6/10/2007). Cosmarium praemorsum Breb. var. praemorsum Pl. 2, Fig. 10 Tomaszewicz, (1988), P. 48, Pl. 11, Fig. 14. Cell 32.2 m broad, 44.5 m long, isthmus 11.1 m long; cells longer than broad, deeply constricted; sinus narrowly linear; semicells elliptic; cell wall uniformly granular, granules rounded; lateral margins with shallow undulations, apex also undulate; chloroplast axile with one pyrenoid in each semicell. Habitat : Coll. No. 646, S-I (5/12/2007). Cosmarium rectosporum Turn. Pl. 2, Fig. 11 Turner, (1892), P. 69, Pl.10, Fig.16. Cell 26.3 m broad, 32.7 m long, isthmus 5.4 m long; cell longer than broad, deeply constricted; sinus broad, dilated at the apex; basal angles broadly rounded, apex straight, semicells oval; cell wall smooth, single pyrenoid in each semicell. Habitat : Coll. No. 725, S-I (9/7/2008). Cosmarium speciosum Lund. Pl. 2, Fig. 12 Prasad and Misra, (1987), P. 183, Pl. 24, Fig. 14. Cells 33.7–34.9 m broad, 47.1–50.3 m long; isthmus 11.1–11.9 m long, medium sized, about 1.5 times longer than broad; moderately constricted, sinus narrowly linear; semicells sub-rectangular or subpyramidate with rounded angles, sides slightly convex and very gradually attenuated upwards to broadly truncate apex, margin with 4 apical and 7 lateral crenations; cell wall granulate, granules in regular, radial and concentric series, each showing 3-5 granules; space across the base and just above the isthmus exhibits 5-6 vertical series of 6-7 granules; chloroplast axile with two pyrenoids in each semicell. Habitat : Coll. Nos. 502, S-I (1/11/2006); 667, S-I (13/2/2008). Cosmarium strabo Bruhl et Biswas Pl. 2, Fig. 13 © Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 141

International Journal of Geology, Earth and Environmental Sciences ISSN: 2277-2081 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jgee.htm 2014 Vol. 4 (1) January-April, pp.137-146/Patil and Jawale Research Article Bruhl and Biswas, (1926), P. 289, Pl.8, Fig. 84, Pl.9, Figs.85 a-c. Cell 48.1 m broad, 59.9 m long, isthmus 20.9 m long; cell almost as long as broad, deeply constricted; sinus narrowly linear with dilated apex; semicells somewhat elliptic; lateral margins rounded; cell wall smooth; chloroplast axile with two pyrenoids in each semicell. Habitat : Coll. No. 506, S-I (1/11/2006). Staurodesmus mamillatus (Nordst.) Teiling Pl. 2, Fig. 14 Hortobagyi, (1973), P. 114, Fig. 601. Cell 21.2 m broad, 23.4 m long, isthmus 4.6 m long; cell shaped in sand–glass fashion; poles with long, bluntly terminating spines attached to a thicken surface; cells enveloped in a broad, colourless mucilage. Habitat : Coll. No. 631, S-II (6/10/2007). Cosmoastrum alternans (Breb.) Pal.- Mordv. var. alternans Pl. 2, Fig. 15 Tomaszewicz, (1988), P. 64, Pl.13, Fig. 38. Cell 19.2 m in diameter with straight apices, widely open sinus and densely granulate cell wall. Habitat : Coll. No. 720, S-II (3/6/2008). Staurastrum beineanum Raben. Pl. 2, Fig. 16 Prasad and Misra, (1987), P. 195, Pl.26, Fig.8. Cell 14.9 m broad, 16.5 m long, isthmus 4.2 m long; small, deeply constricted; sinus widely open; semicells narrowly elliptic, lateral angles subacute; cell wall finely punctate, punctuations arranged in concentric series around the angles. Habitat : Coll. No. 687, S-II (2/3/2008). Staurastrum cyclacanthum West et West var. submanfeldtoides Scott et Prescott Pl. 2, Figs. 17,18 Shaji, Jose and Patel, (1989), P. 178, Pl. 3, Fig. 8. Cells 29.9-30.9 m broad, 22.7-24.5 m long, isthmus 6.4-7.2 m broad; small, deeply constricted with open sinus; semicells fusiform with dorsal margin convex undulate; ventral margin tumid, angles produced into short, stout, recurved processes, each tipped with 2 spines and showing many concentric series of denticulations; top view triangular; chloroplast axile with one pyrenoid in each semicell. Habitat : Coll. Nos. 658, S-I (6/1/2008); 670, S-I (13/2/2008). Staurastrum striolatum (Naeg.) Arch. Pl. 2, Fig. 19 Parra, (1975), P. 49 , Fig. 141. Cells 17.6-18.4 m broad, 25-26.1 m long, isthmus 7.3-10.3 m long; cells longer than broad; sinus shallow, open; semicells ovate, elliptic, crenate, lower lateral ends rounded; cell wall uniformly granular; vertical view broadly angularly ovate; chloroplast axile with two pyrenoids in each semicell. Habitat : Coll Nos. 658, S-I (6/1/2008); 670, S-I (13/2/2008); 720, S-II (3/6/2008). Conclusions The present paper deals with the systematic account of 36 taxa of desmids (Chlorophyceae) belonging to 7 genera. Of these 23 taxa are being reported for the first time from Maharashtra viz. Closterium acutum var. linea, C. dianae var. brevius , C. dianae var. pseudodianae, C. moniliferum var. malinvernianiforme, Pleurotaenium trabecula var. hirsutum , Euastrum verrucosum var. vallesiacum , Cosmarium angulatum f. major , C. circulare , C. contractum var. contractum, C. cucumis, C. depressum var. minutum, C. didymoprotupsum, C. hammeri var. schmidlei , C. isthmocymatium , C. lundellii var. ellipticum f. minus, C. norimbergense var. elongatum, C. obtusatum var. undulatum, C. ocellatum var. incrassatum, C. rectosporum, C. speciosum, Staurastrum beineanum, S. cyclacanthum var. submanfeldtoides, and S. striolatum ; 10 are addition to Indian desmids viz. Closterium dianae var. dianae f. dianae , Euastrum sinuosum var. parallelum, Cosmarium bicardia var. latius, C. depressum var. circulare, C. lagenarioides var. intermedium, C. pachydermum var. pachydermum,C. praemorsum var. praemorsum , C. strabo, Staurodesmus mamillatus , Cosmoastrum alternans var. alternans and 3 taxa viz. Euastrum bombayense var. minor var. nov., E. spinulosum major var. nov., Cosmarium contractum var. ellipsoideum f. major f. nov. are new to science. © Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 142

1. Closterium acutum (Lyngb.) Breb. var. linea (Perty) West et West 2. Closterium dianae Ehr. var. brevius (Wittr.) Petkoff 3. Closterium dianae Ehr. var. dianae f. dianae Ehr. 4. Closterium dianae Ehr. var. pseudodianae (Roy) Krieg. 5. Closterium moniliferum (Bory) Ehr. var. malinvernianiforme (Gronble) Kossinskaja 6. Pleurotaenium trabecula (Ehr.) Naeg. var. hirsutum (Bail.) Krieg. 7. Euastrum bombayense (Gonz. et Gangla) Brandham var. minor var. nov. 8. Euastrum sinuosum Lenorm. var. parallelum Krieg. 9. Euastrum spinulosum Delp. var. major var. nov. 10. Euastrum verrucosum Ehr. var. vallesiacum Viret. 11. Cosmarium angulatum (Perty) Rabenh. f. major Grun. 12. Cosmarium bicardia Reinsch var. latius Gutw. 13. Cosmarium circulare Reinsch 14. Cosmarium contractum Kirch. var. contractum Kirch. 15. Cosmarium contractum Kirch. var. ellipsoideum (Elfv.) West et West f. major f. nov. 16. Cosmarium cucumis (Corda) Ralfs 17. Cosmarium depressum (Naeg.) Lund. var. circulare Krieg. et Gerl. 18. Cosmarium depressum (Naeg.) Lund. var. minutum (Heimerl) Krieg. et Gerl. © Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 143

1. Cosmarium didymoprotupsum W. et. G. S. West 2. Cosmarium hammeri Reinsch var. schmidlei Groenblad et Scott 3. Cosmarium isthmocymatium Skuja 4. Cosmarium lagenarioides (Roy et Biss.) Luetk var. intermedium Gutw. 5. Cosmarium lundellii Delp. var. ellipticum W. et G. S. West f. minus Prescott 6. Cosmarium norimbergense Reinsch var. elongatum (W. et G. S. West) Krieg. et Gerl. 7. Cosmarium obtusatum Schm. var. undulatum Fritsch and Rich 8. Cosmarium ocellatum Eichl. and Gutw. var. incrassatum West et West 9. Cosmarium pachydermum Lund. var. pachydermum 10. Cosmarium praemorsum Breb. var. praemorsum 11. Cosmarium rectosporum Turn. 12. Cosmarium speciosum Lund. 13. Cosmarium strabo Bruhl et Biswas 14. Staurodesmus mamillatus (Nordst.) Teiling 15. Cosmoastrum alternans (Breb.) Pal.- Mordv. var. alternans 16. Staurastrum beineanum Raben. 17,18. Staurastrum cyclacanthum West et West var. submanfeldtoides Scott et Prescott 19. Staurastrum striolatum (Naeg.) Arch. © Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 144

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