Development and Application of an Optimization Model for Elite Level Shot Putting

Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2009 Development and application of an optimization model for elite level shot putting Michael Young Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Kinesiology Commons Recommended Citation Young, Michael, "Development and application of an optimization model for elite level shot putting" (2009). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 25. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/25 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF AN OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR ELITE LEVEL SHOT PUTTING A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Kinesiology by Michael Young B.S., Ohio University, 2000 M.S.S., Ohio University, 2001 May, 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have been blessed to have unbelievable family and friends who have supported me the entire way through this journey. For that I thank God. And even though I can be lousy at showing my gratitude some times, I hope you all realize how much I appreciate all you have done for me. First and foremost I would like to thank my beautiful wife Cate. This degree would not have been possible without your support and your assistance. I want you to know that I consider this just as much your accomplishment as it is mine. I would also like to thank my daughter Eva, without whose welcome distractions to ‘dance hippo’ and watch Pixar movies over the last 6 months of writing I would have surely gone insane. To my Mom, you have shown me the meaning of hard work and self-sacrifice as you did all you could to put our best interests in mind. Thank you also for believing in me and letting me be what I wanted to be. Thank you Dad for teaching me respect, hard work and entrepreneurship. To Greg and Ruth-Anne Gilders, your generosity has been unmatched. I thank you for opening up your home to my vagrant family and me so that I could concentrate on finally finishing this degree. I don’t know how I could have possibly finished without your assistance. I would like to acknowledge Dr. Li. thank you for staying on me and pushing me to finish. I know my fatally optimistic, unable-to-focus brain can be a thorn in your side but I appreciate your patience and mentorship. You have guided my education and taught me to be both analytical and thorough. To Coach Boo, thank you for inviting me to LSU to work with you. Without your invitation I would likely have never come. You have taught and influenced me in more ways than I can count and I appreciate all of the doors that you have opened for me. To Will Wu, you have been a great friend and I consider you my richer, shorter, and smarter brother. To the rest of my LSU friends and officemates, ii especially Jared Porter, I will never forget the fun that we had together and I feel fortunate to call you my colleagues and friends. Finally, I would like to acknowledge USA Track & Field and The Louisiana Board of Regents HEF Grant who financially supported this undertaking. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................. ii LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................ viii ABSTRACT........................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1 Shot Putting ................................................................................................................... 1 Rules ........................................................................................................................... 1 Operational Terminology............................................................................................ 1 Prior Research............................................................................................................. 2 Flight of the Shot .................................................................................................... 2 Parameter Observations .......................................................................................... 3 Release Condition Relationships ............................................................................ 4 Performer Kinematics ................................................................................................. 5 Glide vs. Spin Technique Kinematics..................................................................... 5 General Objectives.................................................................................................. 6 Critical Parameters...................................................................................................... 8 Peak Height During Flight Phase............................................................................ 9 Positions and Actions of the Lower Extremities..................................................... 9 Interaction of the Shoulders and Hips................................................................... 11 Optimization Modeling............................................................................................... 12 Methodological Issues .............................................................................................. 13 Suitable Tasks for Optimization ........................................................................... 13 Elements of an Optimization Model..................................................................... 14 Optimization Model Examples ................................................................................. 15 Maximizing Range of Sports Projectiles .............................................................. 16 Throwing............................................................................................................... 19 Technical Intervention................................................................................................ 20 References.................................................................................................................... 22 CHAPTER 2: EXPERIMENT 1: DETERMINATION OF CRITICAL PARAMETERS AMONG ELITE WOMEN SHOT PUTTERS .................... 28 Introduction................................................................................................................. 28 Methods........................................................................................................................ 30 Operational Terminology.......................................................................................... 30 Subjects..................................................................................................................... 32 Video Data Collection............................................................................................... 32 Data Reduction.......................................................................................................... 34 Parameter Selection .................................................................................................. 34 Data Analysis............................................................................................................ 35 Results .......................................................................................................................... 35 Stepwise Regression Analysis .................................................................................. 35 iv Correlation Analysis ................................................................................................. 37 Discussion .................................................................................................................... 42 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 48 References.................................................................................................................... 49 CHAPTER 3: EXPERIMENT 2: DEVELOPMENT OF AN OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR ELITE WOMEN SHOT PUTTERS......... 54 Introduction................................................................................................................. 54 Methods........................................................................................................................ 58 Operational Terminology.......................................................................................... 58 Subjects..................................................................................................................... 58 Parameter Selection .................................................................................................. 59 Data Collection ......................................................................................................... 60 Data Reduction.........................................................................................................

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