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Videos Depicting Actual Murder and the Need for a Federal Criminal Murder-Video Statute Musa K

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Videos Depicting Actual Murder and the Need for a Federal Criminal Murder-Video Statute Musa K Florida Law Review Volume 68 | Issue 6 Article 9 November 2016 Who Watches this Stuff?: Videos Depicting Actual Murder and the Need for a Federal Criminal Murder-Video Statute Musa K. Farmand Jr. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/flr Part of the First Amendment Commons Recommended Citation Musa K. Farmand Jr., Who Watches this Stuff?: Videos Depicting Actual Murder and the Need for a Federal Criminal Murder-Video Statute, 68 Fla. L. Rev. 1915 (2016). Available at: https://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/flr/vol68/iss6/9 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by UF Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida Law Review by an authorized editor of UF Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Farmand: Who Watches this Stuff?: Videos Depicting Actual Murder and the N :+2:$7&+(67+,6678))"9,'(26'(3,&7,1*$&78$/ 085'(5$1'7+(1((')25$)('(5$/&5,0,1$/ 085'(59,'(267$787( 0XVD.)DUPDQG-U $EVWUDFW 0XUGHU YLGHRV DUH YLGHR UHFRUGLQJV WKDW GHSLFW WKH LQWHQWLRQDO XQODZIXONLOOLQJRIRQHKXPDQEHLQJE\DQRWKHU*HQHUDOO\GXHWRWKHLU REVFHQH QDWXUH PXUGHU YLGHRV DUH DEVHQW IURP PDLQVWUHDP PHGLD +RZHYHU LQ WKH ZDNH RI Vester Lee Flanagan II’s ILOPHG PXUGHUV RI UHSRUWHU$OOLVRQ3DUNHUDQGFDPHUDPDQ$GDP:DUGRQOLYHWHOHYLVLRQLW LV SHUKDSV RQO\ D PDWWHU RI WLPH EHIRUH PXUGHU YLGHRV EHFRPH DQ DFFHSWDEOHIRUPRIHQWHUWDLQPHQW)XUWKHU$PHULFDQVVKRXOGEHZDU\RI SRWHQWLDO “FRS\FDW”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ublished by UF Law Scholarship Repository, 2016 1 Florida Law Review, Vol. 68, Iss. 6 [2016], Art. 9 FLORIDA LAW REVIEW >9RO ,1752'8&7,21 ,7+($9$,/$%,/,7<2)085'(59,'(26 217+(,17(51(70867%($''5(66(' ,00(',$7(/< $ 8QGHUVWDQGLQJ0XUGHU9LGHRVDQG 7KHLU0DUNHW %7KH3UREOHPZLWK0XUGHU9LGHRV ,,&855(17/$:'2(6127$''5(66 085'(59,'(26 $&XUUHQW/DZ3URKLELWV6LPLODU&RQWHQW %XW1RW0XUGHU9LGHRV % ,QWHUQHW6HUYLFH3URYLGHUVDQG&'$ ,,,7+(),567$0(1'0(17$1'085'(59,'(26 $7KH)LUVW$PHQGPHQW'RHV1RW3URWHFW $OO&RQWHQW%DVHG6SHHFK %0XUGHU9LGHRV)DOO8QGHU 8QSURWHFWHG6SHHFK ,9$1$552:/<7$,/25(')('(5$/&5,0,1$/ 67$787(725(675,&77+($9$,/$%,/,7< 2)085'(59,'(26 $3URSRVHG)HGHUDO&ULPLQDO 0XUGHU9LGHR6WDWXWH %0XUGHU9LGHR6WDWXWH$QDO\VLV &21&/86,21 ,1752'8&7,21 6KRFNLQJO\WKHUHLVDPDUNHWRQWKH,QWHUQHWIRUYLHZLQJDFWXDOFROG EORRGHGPXUGHUVXLFLGHUDSHDQGRWKHUKHLQRXVDFWV7RGD\LWLVHDVLHU WKDQHYHUEHIRUHWRUHFRUGYLGHRIRRWDJHDQGLWLVHYHQHDVLHUWRXSORDG 6HH/HVOH\$QGHUVRQ6QXII0XUGHUDQG7RUWXUHRQWKH,QWHUQHWDQGWKH3HRSOH:KR :DWFK,W9(5*( -XQH30 KWWSZZZWKHYHUJHFRPVQXII PXUGHUWRUWXUHLQWHUQHWSHRSOHZKRZDWFKit (“The audience congregates on gore sites (also NQRZQDVVKRFNVLWHV OLNH%HVW*RUHFRP*RUH*ULVKFRPDQGWKH<1&FRP7KHPHPEHUVRI WKHVHVLWHVZKLFKDUHKRVWHGLQ&DQDGDDQGWKH86UHVSHFWLYHO\VFRXUWKH,QWHUQHWIRUYLGHRVRI WUXHOLIH NLOOLQJV PDLPLQJ WRUWXUH DQG DEXVH DQG SRVW WKHP IRU PLOOLRQV RI IHOORZ JRUH seekers.”). https://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/flr/vol68/iss6/9 2 Farmand: Who Watches this Stuff?: Videos Depicting Actual Murder and the N @ NEED FOR A FEDERAL CRIMINAL MURDER VIDEO STATUTE YLGHRIRRWDJHWRWKH,QWHUQHWIRUWKHZRUOGWRVHH$VDUHVXOWQRWDOO YLGHRV IHDWXUH QHZVURRP EORRSHUV PXVLFDO FKLOG SURGLJLHV\RXU EHORYHGSHW“'HQYHU”RUWKHIDPRXVEDE\“7ULFN6KRW7LWXV”ZKRFDQ PDNHDQ\EDVNHWEDOOVKRWLPDJLQDEOHRQDIRXUIRRWKRRS:LWKWKHKHOS RI 9HVWHU /HH )ODQDJDQ ,, ZKR ILOPHG KLPVHOI PXUGHULQJ UHSRUWHU $OOLVRQ 3DUNHU DQG FDPHUDPDQ $GDP :DUG RQ OLYH WHOHYLVLRQ DQG XSORDGHGWKHIRRWDJHWRWKH,QWHUQHWWKHUHDUHQRZQHZLQFHQWLYHVWRNLOO LQIDP\LQDQLQVWDQWDQGLPPRUWDOL]DWLRQRQWKH,QWHUQHW 2IFRXUVHWKH“9LUJLQLD6KRRWLQJ”LVXQIRUWXQDWHO\QRWWKHILUVWWLPH DPXUGHUKDVEHHQSRVWHGRQWKH,QWHUQHWIRUWKHYLHZLQJSOHDVXUHRIWKH SXEOLF &RQVLGHU WKH UHDOOLIH VWRU\ RI PXUGHUHU (ULF &OLQWRQ .LUN 1HZPDQ QRZ LQIDPRXVO\ NQRZQ DV /XND 5RFFR 0DJQRWWD,Q 'HFHPEHU D YLGHR RI 0DJQRWWD VXIIRFDWLQJ WZR NLWWHQV ZLWKD YDFXXPDQGDSODVWLFEDJZKLOH-RKQ/HQQRQ’V“+DSS\&KULVWPDV :DU 6HH 3DXO %RXWLQ 1HZ $SSV WR 3RVW 9LGHRV ZLWK (DVH 1< 7,0(6 0D\ KWWSZZZQ\WLPHVFRPWHFKQRORJ\SHUVRQDOWHFKEDVLFVKWPO H[SODLQLQJ WKDW SKRQHV ZLWK EXLOWLQ FDPHUDV DQG YLGHR RSWLRQV PDNH LW HDV\ WR UHFRUG DQG SRVW YLGHRV WR <RX7XEH 7ZLWWHU RU )DFHERRN VHH DOVR $QGHUVRQ VXSUD QRWH (“Thanks to the Internet, SHRSOHV’ [sic]ability to film and distribute murder to a mass audience has never been easier.”). 6HHHJ5RFNDGHOO(GLWV%HVW1HZV%ORRSHUV&RPSLODWLRQ<2878%( -DQ KWWSVZZZ\RXWXEHFRPZDWFK"Y ZR]7+[\N'Z4 6HH HJ 3URJUHVV7UDLQ $QGUH 5LHX <HDU 2OG 9LROLQLVW $NLP .DPDUD <2878%( 2FW KWWSVZZZ\RXWXEHFRPZDWFK"Y -164P0 6HH )RRGSORW 'HQYHU 2IILFLDO *XLOW\ 'RJ 9LGHR <2878%( 0DU KWWSVZZZ\RXWXEHFRPZDWFK"Y %,6]ISU\, 6HH7ULFN6KRW7LWXV8QEHOLHYDEOH/LWWOH.LG'RHVD7ULFN6KRW9LGHR<2878%( )HE KWWSVZZZ\RXWXEHFRPZDWFK"Y TP0EPV(% Vester Lee Flanagan II used the name “Bryce Williams” when he wHQWRQDLUDVDQHZV UHSRUWHU+HDOVRXVHGWKHQDPH%U\FH:LOOLDPVIRUKLV7ZLWWHUDQG)DFHERRNDFFRXQWVZKHUHKH SRVWHGWKHUHFRUGLQJKHWRRNRIKLPVHOINLOOLQJ3DUNHUDQG:DUG6HH0DULDQR&DVWLOOR:KR:DV %U\FH:LOOLDPV9HVWHU)ODQDJDQ"&11&20 $XJ30 KWWSZZZFQQFRP XVYLUJLQLDVKRRWLQJYHVWHUIODQDJDQEU\FHZLOOLDPV 6HH$OH[-RQHVGraphic: Shocking Complete Video Shot from Gunman’s Point of View ,1)2:$56&20 $XJ KWWSZZZLQIRZDUVFRPJUDSKLFVKRFNLQJFRPSOHWHYLGHR VKRWIURPYLUJLQLDJXQPDQVSRLQWRIYLHZ H[SODLQLQJ WKDW WKH IRRWDJH ZDV WDNHQ IURP Flanagan’s Facebook page and has since been taken down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ublished by UF Law Scholarship Repository, 2016 3 Florida Law Review, Vol. 68, Iss. 6 [2016], Art. 9 FLORIDA LAW REVIEW >9RO LV 2YHU ” SOD\HG LQ WKH EDFNJURXQG DSSHDUHG RQ VHYHUDO WRS “JRUH” ZHEVLWHV 7KURXJKRXW SRSXODU JRUH ZHEVLWHV 0DJQRWWD’V DQLPDO WRUWXUHYLGHRVEHFDPHQRWRULRXV+RZHYHULWZDVQRWXQWLO0D\ ZKHQEHVWJRUHFRPSRVWHGDYLGHRHQWLWOHG“/XQDWLF,FHSLFN”WKDW 0DJQRWWD UHFHLYHG WKH IXOO DWWHQWLRQ RI WKH JRUH ZRUOG DQG &DQDGLDQ DXWKRULWLHV “ /XQDWLF ,FHSLFN” VKRZHG WKH DFWXDO PXUGHU RI D &KLQHVH LQWHUQDWLRQDO VWXGHQW QDPHG /LQ -XQ 7KH WHQPLQXWH FOLS ZKLFKLVVWLOOFLUFXODWLQJRQOLQHIHDWXUHGGLVPHPEHUPHQWFDQQLEDOLVP DQG QHFURSKLOLD +RZHYHU /LQ ZDV QRW this video’s only victim ,Q DGGLWLRQWRKDYLQJWKHLUVRQWDNHQIURPWKHPPXFKWRRVRRQLin’sSDUHQWV now must live with their son’s murder infinitely on display for all to see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explaining that “gore” websites are websites that post videos of trueOLIHNLOOLQJV PDLPLQJWRUWXUHDQGRWKHUYLdeos for millions of “gore seekers”). 6HH6DLNDW%DVX*RU\6LWHVWR*HW<RXU'RVHRI&KHHV\+RUURU0$.(86(2) $SU KWWSZZZPDNHXVHRIFRPWDJJRU\VLWHVGRVHFKHHV\KRUURUVL UHYHDOLQJ WKH SOHWKRUDRIJRUHVLWHVDYDLODEOHRQWKH,QWHUQHW VHHDOVR0U-RH6WHDP5('',7 $SU KWWSVZZZUHGGLWFRPUGHHSZHEFRPPHQWVXXEZRUNLQJBJRUHBOLQNVBUHTXHVW SURYLGLQJD list of “gore” websites in response to a blog post). 6HH$QGHUVRQVXSUDQRWH FRPPHQWLQJRQWKHQRWRULHW\RI0DJQRWWDRQWKH,QWHUQHW
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