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TRANSACTIONS OF THE HISTORIC SOCIETY OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE VOL. OX TRANSACTIONS OF THE HISTORIC SOCIETY OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE FOR THE YEAR 1957 \ VOLUME 109 LIVERPOOL PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 1958 Made and Printed in Great Britain by C. Tinling & Co., Ltd., Liverpool, London and Prescot, EDITORIAL NOTE Each generation writes its own histories and declares out of date the work of its predecessors. Our generation is no excep tion, but we feel that we have the justification not only of new interpretations and values placed upon accepted facts, but also of a growing mass of new evidence, chiefly derived from local archives, which is constantly adding to, modifying, and even contradicting existing knowledge. Every completed research project is a piece in a jig-saw puzzle, which the hands of many patient scholars are slowly putting together. In this volume three papers reveal a particularly clear glimpse of the picture, which the jig-saw, of which they are part, will ultimately present. The excavation at Walton-le-Dale now a season ahead of the printed, interim report, just as the report is a season ahead of the paper read before the Society is one of a series of archaeological investigations which is compelling historians to think again about the activities of the Romans in north-west Britain. Mr. Awty's paper is a key piece in the new picture which is emerging of the industrial activities of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, and Mr. Rose's study of John Finch rescues from oblivion one who, in his own age, was as representative of radical Liverpool as William Roscoe was in his. The Society wishes to thank Mr. L. M. Angus-Butterworth for supplying the block of Dutton Hall, Mr. S. A. Harris for a donation towards the cost of illustrations, and Dr. G. Chand ler for permission to reproduce from his Liverpool the drawing of the Old Custom House. It also gratefully acknowledges a grant of £40 made by the Council for British Archaeology towards the cost of printing "Roman Walton-le-Dale". 20 August 1958. J. J. BAGLEY, The University, Honorary Editor. Liverpool. The Council wishes it to be known that authors alone are responsible for the opinions and statements in their several papers. Contributors to these TRANSACTIONS are advised to com municate with the Honorary Editor. Members who wish to read papers should communicate with the Honorary Secretary. CONTENTS PAGE COUNCIL AND OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1958 .. .. xi AFFILIATED SOCIETIES .. .. .. .. .. xii HONORARY MEMBERS .. .. .. .. .. xii LIST OF MEMBERS .. .. .. .. .. .. xiif PAPERS READ AND COMMUNICATED ROMAN WALTON-LE-DALE. By E. E. Pickering .. 1 OLD HOUSES IN LANCASHIRE "SPRING BANK", APPLEY BRIDGE, NEAR WIGAN. By William A. Singleton, M.A., Ph.D., B.Arch., F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A., A.M.T.P.I. .. .. 47 TRADITIONAL FYLDE HOUSES. By R. C. Watson .. 61 DUTTON HALL. ByL.M. Angus-Butter-worth, M.A., F.R.G.S., F.S.A.Scot. .. .. .. .. 67 CHARCOAL IRONMASTERS OF CHESHIRE AND LANCASHIRE, 1600-1785. By B. G. Awty, B.A. .. .. .. 71 LANCASTER 1684. By Kenneth H. Docton, M.I.Mun.E. 125 THE OLD BLUE COAT HOSPITAL, LIVERPOOL: WAS IT DESIGNED BY THOMAS RIPLEY? By Stanley A. Harris . 143 JOHN FINCH, 1784-1857: A LIVERPOOL DISCIPLE OF ROBERT OWEN. By R. B. Rose, M.A. .. 159 SHORTER COMMUNICATIONS ANNIVERSARIES THE 750th ANNIVERSARY OF THE LIVERPOOL BOROUGH CHARTER. By A. R. Myers, M.A., Ph.D., F.S.A. F.R.Hist.S. .. .. .. .. .. .. 185 vii Vlll CONTENTS ANNIVERSARIES continued CHURCH OF ST. NICHOLAS, LIVERPOOL, 1257-1957. By R. T. Davies, M.A. .. .. .. .. 187 THE 650th ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE CHURCH OF ST. THOMAS THE MARTYR, UP HOLLAND. By R. A. Wheeler, M.A. .. .. 188 JOHN PHILIP KEMBLE, 1757-1823. By H. A. Jones, M.A. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 190 THE BICENTENARY OF WARRINGTON ACADEMY. By G. A. Carter, F.L.A. .. .. .. .. 193 The Roval Forest of Lancaster, R. CUNLIFFE SHAW. By B.'M. C. Husain, B.Com., M.A. .. .. .. 196 WILLIAM YATES, CARTOGRAPHER. By R. Sharpe France, M.A. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..200 NEW BOOKS .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 203 REPORT OF THE COUNCIL .. .. .. .. .. 204 REPORT OF THE HONORARY LIBRARIAN .. .. .. 206 REPORT OF THE HONORARY TREASURER .. .. .. 208 INDEX .. .. .. .. .. .... 210 LIST OF PLATES PI ATE PAGE 1 WALTON FLATS LOOKING SOUTH .. .. .. 4 2 WEST FRONT OF "SPRING BANK" COTTAGE .. 48 3 "SPRING BANK" FROM THE SOUTH-EAST .. .. 49 4 "SPRING BANK". OAK ROOF TRUSS .. .. .. 56 5 "SPRING BANK". SIDE OF ORIGINAL LADDER TO "CROGLOFFT" .. .. .. .... 57 6 "SPRING BANK". CARPENTER'S SYMBOLS MADE WITH AN AUGER .. .. .. .. .. 58 7 SALTCOTES COTTAGE FROM THE SOUTH-EAST .. 60 8 FIRE-HOOD AT SALTCOTES .. .. .. .. 62 9 FlRE-HOOD AT "IVY COTTAGE", BlSPHAM . 62 10 HODGKINSON HOUSE BARN, ELSWICK .. .. 65 11 DUTTON HALL .. .. .. .. .. .. 68 12 THE OLD BLUE COAT HOSPITAL, LIVERPOOL, IN 1718 148 13 THE OLD LIVERPOOL CUSTOM HOUSE DESIGNED BY RIPLEY .. .. .. .. .. .. 148 14 JOHN FINCH 1784-1857 .. .. .. .. 160 15 A PLAYBILL .. .. .. .. .. .. 176 16 THE WINDSOR FOUNDRY, SMITHDOWN LANE, 1859 182 17 PART OF YATES'S MAP OF LANCASHIRE, 1786 .. 201 IX LIST OF LINE ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE PAGE 1 ROMAN WALTON-LE-DALE .. .. .. .. 2 2 PLAN OF SITE I, WALTON-LE-DALE .. .. .. 2 3 PLAN OF SITE II, WALTON-LE-DALE .. .. .. 6 4 TRENCH SECTIONS A AND AA .. .. .. 8 5 TRENCH SECTION B .. .. .. .. .. 10 6 TRENCH SECTIONS D AND DD .. .. .. 12 7 TRENCH F .. .. .. .. .. .. 16 8 TRENCH J AND TRENCH K .. .. .. .. 18 9 TRENCH Q .. .. .. .. .. .. 22 10 SAMIAN WARE, 1-4 .. .. .. .. 26 11 SAMIAN WARE, 5-6 .. .. .. .. .. 28 12 SAMIAN WARE, 7-11 .. .. .. .. .. 30 13 SAMIAN WARE, 12-15 .. .. .. .. .. 32 14 SAMIAN WARE, 16 .. .. .. .. .. 34 15 COARSE POTTERY, 1-16 .. .. .. .. 36 16 COARSE POTTERY, 17-32 .. .. .. .. 40 17 COARSE POTTERY, 33-49 .. .. .. .. 42 18 COARSE POTTERY, 50-53 .. .. .. .. 44 19 "SPRING BANK", GROUND FLOOR PLAN .. .. 50 20 "SPRING BANK", FIRST FLOOR PLAN .. .. 51 21 "SPRING BANK", SECTION AA .. .. .. 52 22 "SPRING BANK". MAPS OF 1841 AND 1892 .. .. 54 23 SALTCOTES COTTAGE, LYTHAM. PLAN .. .. 60 24 PUDDING PIE NOOK, WREA GREEN. PLAN .. .. 64 25 IVY COTTAGE, BISPHAM. PLAN .. .. .. 64 26 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS OF SOUTH LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE .. .. .. .. .. .. 80 27 LANCASTER 1684 .. .. .. .. .. 126 28 PART OF ORIGINAL DRAWINGS OF LANCASTER IN 1684 128 COUNCIL AND OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1958 Hon. President. THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF DERBY, M.C., LL.D President. WM. FERGUSSON IRVINE, M.A., F.S.A. Hon. Vice-Presidents. THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF SEFTON. D.L., J.P. THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF CRAWFORD, D.Litt., LL.D., F.S.A. Council. Vice-Presidents. B. B. B. BENAS, C.B.E.. B.A., LL.M., J.P. FRANCIS WELD, J.P G. W. COOPLAND, M.A.. Litt.D. J. F. SMITH, M.A.; F.R.S.A., F.S.A.Scot. G. BARRACLOUGH. M.A. S. A. HARRIS, A.C.I.S. E. C. WOODS, L.D.S., R.C.S..Eng., F.R.Hist.S. W. G. H. JONES. J. J. BAGLEY, M.A., F.R.Hist.S Members of Council. To serve to end of 1958. Miss E. B. SAXTON. M.A., A.L.A. D. L. EVANS. R. SHARPE FRANCE, M.A. T. WILLIAMS. To serve to end of 1959. M. M. SCHOFIELD, M.A. J. R. HARRIS, M.A., Ph.D. A. R. MYERS, M.A., Ph.D., F.S.A., F.R.Hist.S. F. E. HYDE, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.Hist.S. To serve to end of 1960. Miss J. BECK, M.A. C. BARBER. FREDERICK G. BLAIR, F.S.A. R. RICHARDS, M.A.. F.S.A., F.R.Hist.S. Officers. Hon. Treasurer. W. G. H. JONES, 11, WROXHAM DRIVE, UPTON, WIRRAL, CHESHIRE. Hon. Editor. J. J. BAGLEY, M.A., F.R.Hist.S., 10, BEACH PRIORY GARDENS, SOUTHPORT. Hon. Librarian. JOHN F. SMITH, M.A., F.R.S.A., F.S.A.Scot., "TUTNAL," GWVDRIN ROAD, CALDERSTONES, LIVERPOOL, 18. Hon. Secretary. H. A. TAYLOR, M.A., c/o PICTON REFERENCE LIBRARY, WILLIAM BROWN STREET, LIVERPOOL, 3. Hon. Assistant Secretary Miss J. BECK, M.A., 19, UPPER HAIGH STREET, WINSFORD, CHESHIRE. Hon. Auditors. KENNETH COOK, J.P., F.C.A. S. A. HARRIS, A.C.I.S. xi AFFILIATED SOCIETIES THE BROMBOROUGH SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Mrs. J. D. Jones, 6, Western Avenue, New Ferry, Cheshire. CROSBY AND DISTRICT HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. S. McLintock, 71, Ennismore Road, Crosby, Liverpool, 23. THE ENGLISH CHURCH HISTORY SOCIETY, LIVERPOOL. Hon. Sec. F. Goodacre, Sandfield House, Long Lane, Aughton, Lanes. THE FORMBY SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. i. McGregor, B.Sc., 55, Raven Meols Lane, Formby. THE FYLDE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. S. Greenhalgh, Sandicroft, 28, Chatsworth Rd., St. Annes- on-Sea. HOYLAKE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. A. Wright, 54, Barn Hey Crescent, Great Meols, Hoylake. LIVERPOOL NAUTICAL RESEARCH SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Miss E. M. Hope, c/o Summerfield and Lang, Ltd., 28, Exchange Street East, Liverpool, 2. LONSDALE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. J. Dugdale, Sandbeds, Gressingham, Nr. Lancaster. ORMSKIRK HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Miss C. M. Eaton, B.A., 29, St. Helens Road, Ormskirk. PILLING AND DISTRICT HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. W. Stafford, School House, Pilling, Preston. PRESCOT HISTORIC SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Miss Winifred B. Bell, 89, St. Helens Road, Prescot. PRESTON HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. J. Hodgson, 614, New Hall Lane, Preston. SOUTHPORT LOCAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. J. Gavin, St. Teresa's School, Southport. WIDNES HISTORIC SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Miss Hilda Chadwick, 7, Woodland Avenue, Widnes. HONORARY MEMBERS 1936. Jan. 30. Evans, Miss Joan, D.LITT., c/o Society of Antiquaries, London. 1942. Oct. 7. Stenton, Professor Sir Frank, M.A., D.LITT., LITT.D., F.B.A., The University, Reading. xii LIST OF MEMBERS (Corrected to 1 March 1958) The names of life members are printed in bold type.