The Meningitis Vaccine Project Closure Conference Addis Ababa
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Meta-Analysis of Travel of the Poor in West and Southern African Cities Roger Behrens, Lourdes Diaz Olvera, Didier Plat, Pascal Pochet
Meta-analysis of travel of the poor in West and Southern african cities Roger Behrens, Lourdes Diaz Olvera, Didier Plat, Pascal Pochet To cite this version: Roger Behrens, Lourdes Diaz Olvera, Didier Plat, Pascal Pochet. Meta-analysis of travel of the poor in West and Southern african cities. WCTRS, ITU. 10th World Conference on Transport Research - WCTR’04, 4-8 juillet 2004, Istanbul, Turkey, 2004, Lyon, France. pp.19 P. halshs-00087977 HAL Id: halshs-00087977 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00087977 Submitted on 8 Oct 2007 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 10th World Conference on Transport Research, Istanbul, 4-8 July 2004 META-ANALYSIS OF TRAVEL OF THE POOR IN WEST AND SOUTHERN AFRICAN CITIES Dr. Roger Behrens*, Dr. Lourdes Diaz-Olvera (corresponding author)**, Dr. Didier Plat**and Dr. Pascal Pochet** * Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa. Email: [email protected] ** Laboratoire d'Economie des Transports, ENTPE-Université Lumière Lyon 2-CNRS, rue Maurice Audin, 69518, Vaulx-en-Velin Cedex, France. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT There have been few attempts in the past to compare travel survey findings in francophone and anglophone African countries. -
“Flooding Our Eyes with Rubbish”: Urban Waste Management in Maputo, Mozambique
780090EAU Environment and Urbanization “Flooding our eyes with rubbish”: urban waste management in Maputo, Mozambique INGE TVEDTEN AND SARA CANDIRACCI Inge Tvedten is a ABSTRACT Critical voices on urban management tend to portray conflicting senior researcher and governmentalities, with Western “top-down” municipal development models anthropologist at Chr. on the one hand, and the everyday practices and diffuse forms of power of the Michelsen Institute, with poor majority on the other. This paper takes solid waste (lixo) management in expertise in urban and rural poverty monitoring Mozambique’s capital city, Maputo, and its informal settlements as an entry point and analysis; public service for assessing the relationship between these two urban development perspectives. delivery; gender and It shows that while the municipality considers itself to be working actively through women’s empowerment; public–private partnerships to handle the complex issue of waste management in and development the informal areas, people in these informal settlements, despite paying a regular cooperation/institutional fee for waste removal, continue to experience lixo as a serious problem and see its development. persistent presence as a symbol of spatial and social inequalities and injustice. The Address: Chr. Michelsen paper is formulated as a conversation between city planning and management and Institute, Jekteviksbakken the community side of the equation – leading to a joint set of proposals for how 31 P.O. Box 6033, Bergen best to manage such a contentious part of African urban life. 5892, Norway; e-mail: Inge. [email protected] KEYWORDS citizen–state relations / divided city / informal settlements / Maputo Sara Candiracci is an urban planner with experience / urban poverty / urban sanitation / waste management from urban development programmes in Africa, Asia and Latin America. -
1 Environmental Factors and Childhood Fever in Areas of the Ouagadougou
Environmental factors and childhood fever in areas of the Ouagadougou – Health and Demographic Surveillance System – Burkina Faso Franklin Bouba Djourdebbé1, Stéphanie Dos Santos2, Thomas LeGrand3 and Abdramane Soura4 1 PhD Candidate in Demography, University of Montreal, Email: [email protected] 2 Stéphanie Dos Santos, PhD, Researcher IRD/ISSP-Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Email: [email protected] 3 Thomas LeGrand, PhD, Director of the Department of Demography, University of Montreal (Canada). Email: [email protected] 4 Abdramane Soura, PhD, Researcher ISSP-Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Email: [email protected] Problem and objectives Unhealthy environments are responsible for a significant proportion of morbidity and mortality worldwide.1, 2 The World Health Organization estimates that the global burden of disease from environmental factors is 24%, and these factors are responsible for 23% of all deaths each year. Preventing environmental risks could reduce the number of child deaths by nearly 4 million every year, mostly in developing countries.1 In African cities, infectious diseases like malaria, acute respiratory infections and diarrheal diseases contribute to a longstanding critical health situation.3 The growth of African cities in the last three decades as also led to profound changes in the local environmental context. Rapid population growth, combined with a lack of access to basic sanitation services (access to clean water, management of household waste and water, etc.) and poor housing conditions, have had a harmful effect on the health and wellbeing of urban populations.4 Understanding the links between environmental risk factors and public health is essential for the development of effective policies and programs, and ultimately to the future wellbeing of West African urban populations. -
African Meningitis Belt
WHO/EMC/BAC/98.3 Control of epidemic meningococcal disease. WHO practical guidelines. 2nd edition World Health Organization Emerging and other Communicable Diseases, Surveillance and Control This document has been downloaded from the WHO/EMC Web site. The original cover pages and lists of participants are not included. See http://www.who.int/emc for more information. © World Health Organization This document is not a formal publication of the World Health Organization (WHO), and all rights are reserved by the Organization. The document may, however, be freely reviewed, abstracted, reproduced and translated, in part or in whole, but not for sale nor for use in conjunction with commercial purposes. The views expressed in documents by named authors are solely the responsibility of those authors. The mention of specific companies or specific manufacturers' products does no imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. CONTENTS CONTENTS ................................................................................... i PREFACE ..................................................................................... vii INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1 1. MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM ........................................................3 1.1 REVIEW OF EPIDEMICS SINCE THE 1970S .......................................................................................... 3 Geographical distribution -
Adolescent Fertility Is Lower Than Expected in Rural Areas: Results from African HDSS
REPORT Adolescent Fertility Is Lower than Expected in Rural Areas: Results from African HDSS Clémentine Rossier, Bruno Schoumaker, Valérie Delaunay, Donatien Beguy, Aparna Jain, Martin Bangha, Alemseged Aregay, Baptiste Beck, Karim Derra, Modeste Millogo, Albert Nkhata Dube, Kone Siaka, Marylene Wamukoya, and Pascal Zabre The adolescent birth rate (ABR) is an important indicator of maternal health, adolescent sexual health, and gender equity; it remains high in sub-Saharan Africa. While Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) are the main source of ABR estimates, Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSS) also produce ABRs. Studies are lacking, however, to assess the ease of access and ac- curacy of HDSS ABR measures. In this paper, we use birth and exposure data from HDSS in six African countries to compute local ABRs and compare these rates to DHS regional rates where the HDSS sites are located, standardiz- ing by education and place of residence. In rural HDSS sites, the ABR measure is on average percent lower than the DHS measure, after controlling for ed- ucation and place of residence. Strong temporary migration of childless young women out of rural areas and different capacities in capturing temporarily ab- sent women in the DHS and HDSS could explain this discrepancy. Further comparisons based on more strictly similar populations and measures seem warranted. Clémentine Rossier, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland and Institut National d’Etudes Démo- graphiques, Paris, France. E-mail: [email protected]. Bruno Schoumaker, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Valérie Delaunay, Institut de Recherche pour le Développe- ment, Marseille, France. Donatien Beguy, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya. -
African Union (AU) Commission Campaign Against Trafficking in Persons
MEDIA ADVISORY Consultative Workshop on Operationalizing the Ouagadougou Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings & Launching of the African Union (AU) Commission Campaign against trafficking in persons INVITATION TO REPRESENTATIVES OF THE MEDIA TO COVER THE WORKSHOP AND TO ATTEND THE OPENING CEREMONY AND PRESS BRIEFING WHAT: Two-day consultative workshop on operationalising the Ouagadougou Action Plan to Combat Trafficking In Human Beings Especially Women and Children & Launching of The AU Commission Initiative Against Trafficking In Persons (AU.COMMIT) Campaign With The Regional Economic Communities. WHO: Advocate Bience Gawanas, Commissioner for Social Affairs of the AU Mr Mandiaye Niang, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Regional Representative for Southern Africa Mr. Bernardo Mariano-Joaquim, International Organization for Migration (IOM) Regional Director for East and Southern Africa WHEN: Opening Ceremony starts on 29 November 2011, 09:00-10:00 am followed by a press briefing at 10:00 WHERE: Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa, Kopanong Hotel, Tel: +27 (11) 749-0000, Fax: +27 (11) 967-1389, 243 Glen Gory Road, Norton Estate, Benoni, South Africa, http://www.kopanong.co.za. OBJECTIVES: The consultative workshop will foster effective ways of networking, coordination and cooperation among Member States and partners to address trafficking in persons in Southern Africa in a more strategic and programmatic manner. The objective will also be to sensitise SADC member states on the operationalisation of the Ouagadougou Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, Especially Women and Children, and on the regional launching of the AU. COMMIT campaign. The AU.COMMIT Campaign endeavours to raise awareness of the AU’s continued commitment towards addressing the problem of trafficking in human beings throughout the continent. -
Meningococcal a Conjugate Vaccine Into the Routine Immunization Programme
GUIDE TO INTRODUCING MENINGOCOCCAL A CONJUGATE VACCINE INTO THE ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME GUIDE TO INTRODUCING MENINGOCOCCAL A CONJUGATE VACCINE INTO THE ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME This publication was jointly developed by the WHO Regional Office for Africa and WHO headquarters. Guide to introducing meningococcal A conjugate vaccine into the routine immunization programme ISBN 978-92-4-151686-0 © World Health Organization 2019 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Guide to introducing meningococcal A conjugate vaccine into the routine immunization programme. -
Policies for Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility in Cities of Burkina Faso
Page 1 Policies for sustainable mobility and accessibility in cities of Burkina Faso Page 2 ¾ SSATP – Burkina Faso - Policies for Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility in Cities – October 2019 Page 3 ¾ SSATP – Burkina Faso - Policies for Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility in Cities – October 2019 Policies for sustainable mobility and accessibility in cities of Burkina Faso An international partnership supported by: Page 4 ¾ SSATP – Burkina Faso - Policies for Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility in Cities – October 2019 The SSATP is an international partnership to facilitate policy development and related capacity building in the transport sector in Africa. Sound policies lead to safe, reliable, and cost-effective transport, freeing people to lift themselves out of poverty and helping countries to compete internationally. * * * * * * * The SSATP is a partnership of 42 African countries: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe; 8 Regional Economic Communities (RECs); 2 African institutions: African Union Commission (AUC) and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA); Financing partners for the Third Development Plan: European -
September 11Th, 2018 Fertility Transition in Dakar, Nairobi And
September 11th, 2018 Fertility transition in Dakar, Nairobi and Ouagadougou since the 1970s: a similar decline at all ages? Roch Millogo and Clementine Rossier Short abstract (n=156) The pattern of the African fertility decline remains in debate: while some researchers expect a transition similar to the declines in Europe, Latin America and Asia, where limitation practices and long- acting methods played a major role, others believe that the African transition will be different. This paper places itself in this debate: it aims to test Caldwell's prediction that African fertility declines will occur similarly at all ages, by the adoption of modern contraceptives also at all ages. We look at Dakar, Nairobi and Ouagadougou, three African urban contexts of relatively low fertility, where women have around three children in 2010-2015, using data available for these cities since the early 1970s. Caldwell et al.’s hypothesis that African fertility transitions will be characterized by similar fertility reductions at all ages is confirmed for these three cities, but contraception has not been the main strategy to expand the avoidance of childbearing in all cities and at all ages. Introduction While all other regions have already completed their fertility transition, SSA is the only part of the world that continues its transition at a slow pace: the average number of children remains high (5.1 2010-2015) (Casterline, 2001; Bongaarts et Casterline, 2013; UN, 2015). However, there is a wide disparity across the continent, with the decline being closely linked to wealth, urban residence, and especially high levels of education (Kravdal, 2002; Bongaarts, 2003; Gurmu and Macer, 2008; Shapiro and Gebreselassie, 2009; Assefa and Semahegn, 2016, National Academies of Sciences, Engeneering, and Medicine, 2016). -
An Estimated Dynamic Model of African Agricultural Storage and Trade
High Trade Costs and Their Consequences: An Estimated Dynamic Model of African Agricultural Storage and Trade Obie Porteous Online Appendix A1 Data: Market Selection Table A1, which begins on the next page, includes two lists of markets by country and town population (in thousands). Population data is from the most recent available national censuses as reported in various online databases (e.g. citypopulation.de) and should be taken as approximate as census years vary by country. The \ideal" list starts with the 178 towns with a population of at least 100,000 that are at least 200 kilometers apart1 (plain font). When two towns of over 100,000 population are closer than 200 kilometers the larger is chosen. An additional 85 towns (italics) on this list are either located at important transport hubs (road junctions or ports) or are additional major towns in countries with high initial population-to-market ratios. The \actual" list is my final network of 230 markets. This includes 218 of the 263 markets on my ideal list for which I was able to obtain price data (plain font) as well as an additional 12 markets with price data which are located close to 12 of the missing markets and which I therefore use as substitutes (italics). Table A2, which follows table A1, shows the population-to-market ratios by country for the two sets of markets. In the ideal list of markets, only Nigeria and Ethiopia | the two most populous countries | have population-to-market ratios above 4 million. In the final network, the three countries with more than two missing markets (Angola, Cameroon, and Uganda) are the only ones besides Nigeria and Ethiopia that are significantly above this threshold. -
The Meningitis Vaccine Project: Frequently Asked Questions
The Meningitis Vaccine Project Frequently asked questions June 2011 The disease What is meningococcal disease? Meningococcal disease is an infection of the meninges, the thin lining that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord. It is usually caused by a virus or bacterium (meningococcus). It is transmitted through droplets of respiratory or throat secretions. Bacterial meningitis, such as meningococcal disease, can be very serious because it evolves rapidly and can kill in a few hours. Even with appropriate treatment, around 10 percent of patients die, and up to 20 percent of survivors have serious permanent health problems as a result of the disease (deafness, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, or mental retardation). What is the extent of meningococcal meningitis in Africa? Sub-Saharan Africa has been experiencing explosive and repeated meningococcal epidemics for more than a hundred years. Group A meningococcus is the main cause of meningitis epidemics and accounts for an estimated 80 to 85 percent of all cases. These deadly epidemics occur at intervals of 8–10 years in the 25 countries of the "meningitis belt," a strip of land that extends from Senegal in the west to Ethiopia in the east. Around 450 million people in this area are at risk of disease. More than one million cases of meningitis have been reported in Africa since 1988. In 1996–1997, one of the largest epidemic waves ever recorded in history swept across Africa, causing more than 250,000 cases and 25,000 deaths. The vaccine What is the expected public health impact of this new vaccine? If introduced in all 25 countries of the African meningitis belt, this vaccine is expected to eliminate the primary cause of epidemic meningitis, group A meningococcus, from the entire region, with an estimated 1 million cases of disease prevented and 150 000 young lives saved by 2020. -
Meningococcal a Conjugate Vaccine Roll-Out in the African Meningitis Belt
Meningococcal A conjugate vaccine roll-out in the African meningitis belt Summary update prepared by the Meningitis Vaccine Project & partners SAGE, October 2014 Background Over the last century sub-Saharan Africa has been plagued by repeated epidemics of meningococcal meningitis. Almost all of the major outbreaks have been caused by group A Neisseria meningitidis . Reactive immunizations with polysaccharide vaccines have been used for the last 30 years but have not succeeded in controlling the problem. After the disastrous 1996–1997 epidemic with more than 250,000 cases and 25,000 deaths, there arose renewed interest in developing a preventive strategy based on new meningococcal conjugate vaccines. In June 2001, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided core funding for the establishment of the Meningitis Vaccine Project (MVP), a partnership between PATH and the World Health Organization (WHO), with the goal of eliminating epidemic meningitis as a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa through the development, testing, licensure, and widespread introduction of meningococcal conjugate vaccines. A monovalent group A meningococcal (MenA) conjugate vaccine, MenAfriVac, a registered trademark of the Serum Institute of India, was developed through the MVP. The vaccine was licensed, for use in individuals aged 1 to 29 years, in 2009 and prequalified by WHO in 2010. Comprehensive mass immunization campaigns of 1- to 29-year olds with a single dose of MenAfriVac have been a cornerstone of the MenA conjugate vaccine introduction plan. This strategy aims to strongly and immediately protect individuals directly and reduce bacterial carriage and transmission, and thereby rapidly reduce overall disease-related morbidity and mortality rates within the community.