Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey Work Plans CY 2013 Name of State

Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey Work Plans CY 2013

Name of State: Florida Federal Fiscal Year: 2013

Name of State Survey Coordinator (SSC): Dr. Leroy Whilby SSC Telephone Number: (352) 395-4649

Name of Contact Person, if different from SSC: Dr. Wayne Dixon Contact Person Telephone Number: (352) 395-4627

Lead Agency: Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services

State Survey Committee Members:

Name Organization Discipline Dr. Wayne Dixon, Co-Chm. FDACS/DPI Regulatory Dr. Leroy Whilby, Co-Chm. FCACS/DPI Regulatory Dr. Trevor Smith FCACS/DPI Regulatory Mr. Jeffrey Eickwort FDACS/DOF Forest Health Dr. John Capinera University of Florida/IFAS Entomology Mr. Tyson Emery FDACS/DPI Regulatory Ms. Denise Feiber FDACS/DPI Public Relations Dr. Steve Futch University of Florida Citrus Extension Mr. Kevin Morgan Farm Bureau Farms Dr. Don Schilling University of Florida/IFAS Agronomy Mr. Paul Hornby, Co-Chm. USDA/APHIS/PPQ Regulatory Mr. Mike Stuart Fruit and Vegetable Association Multiple Commodities Dr. Richard Raid University of Florida Plant Pathology Dr. Lance Osborne University of Florida Cooperative Extension Dr. Catherine Marzolf Co-Chm. USDA/APHIS/PPQ Regulatory Mr. James Walker, Co-Chm. USDA/APHIS/PPQ Regulatory Mr. Bob Balaam USDA/APHIS/PPQ Regulatory Dr. Amy Roda USDA/APHIS/PPQ Regulatory Science Dr. John Foltz University of Florida Forest Entomology

Integrated Pest Dr. Norman Leppla University of Florida Management Eunett James-Mack DHS/CBP Regulatory

Table of Surveys: CAPS Category Target Survey/Pests Funding Request Infrastructure N/A Surveys of National Concern Exotic Woodboring and Bark Beetles and Sirex Woodwasp Agrilus biguttatus* Agrilus coxalis auroguttatus Agrilus planipennis Anoplophora glabripennis Hylorgops paliatus Hylurgus ligniperda Tomicus destruens* Platypus quercivorus* Sirex noctilio Potato Cyst Nematodes Globodera rostochiensis Globodera pallida Corn Commodity Survey Helicoverpa armigera Autographa gamma Thaumatotibia leucotreta Peronosclerospora maydis Peronosclerospora philippinensis Nursery Survey Epiphyas postvittana Spodoptera litura Spodoptera littoralis Lymantria dispar Lymantria mathura Helicoverpa armigera Lobesia botrana Halyomorpha halys Bagrada hilaris Cotton Commodity Survey Helicoverpa armigera Spodoptera littoralis Spodoptera litura Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Achatina fulica Monacha spp.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Infrastructure 4

Surveys of National Concern Exotic Woodboring and Bark Beetles 12 Cyst Nematode Survey 16 Corn Commodity 20 Nursery Survey 25 Cotton Commodity 31

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Cooperator: Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services

State: Florida

Project: Infrastructure

Project Coordinators: Dr. Leroy A. Whilby and Dr. Wayne N. Dixon, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, PO Box 147100, Gainesville, FL. 32614 Office: (352) 395-4649 and (352) 395-4649, respectively; Fax: (352) 395-4611, E-mail: [email protected] and [email protected].

I. OBJECTIVES AND NEED FOR ASSISTANCE

The purpose of this work is to conduct the Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey program in Florida and assist the Homeland Security initiative. A primary objective of the National CAPS program is to safeguard our nation's food and environmental security from exotic pests that threaten our production and ecological systems. In 2005, cash receipts for Florida's six major commodity products brought in $5.4 billion; however, the impact of new exotic pests was $1.2 billion, an impact of 22% in economic losses. From 1981 to 2010, 579 New State and USA records were recorded for Florida; a significant number of these are directly related to exotic origin enhanced by the increasing levels of global trade and movement of people from foreign countries. Excluding citrus canker eradication efforts, exotic pests have directly cost Florida over $171 million dollars from 1995-2005. Additional pest record statistics are:

2009 Pest Records Established in Florida U.S. Records 7 State Records 9 County Records 161 Host Records 72 Total No. Records 249

2010 Pest Records Established in Florida U.S. Records 18 State Records 18 County Records 157 Host Records 213 Total No. Records 406

Other Survey Records entered into NAPIS 17,666 ------TOTAL 18,072

With the requested funding, the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services/Division of Plant Industry (FDACS/DPI) will continue to conduct field and environs surveys as initiated in FY 2010. FDACS/DPI CAPS program will continue to work in close cooperation with the USDA APHIS PPQ Pest Survey Specialists and State Plant Health Director’s Office to ensure efficient and effective surveys are conducted in Florida. The Florida CAPS Program’s Plant Pest and Disease Survey Office (CAPS/PPDSO) will use plans and recommendations from FDACS/DPI, the Florida CAPS State Survey Committee and the National

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CAPS Committee to develop survey priorities and work plans. Additionally, as new pests are detected in Florida through FY 2013, survey priorities may be changed to better meet the newly identified introduced pest(s). Survey in high risk areas and commodity fields for designated pests of national and state regulatory concern will be the principle areas of survey and detection focus.

The continuing number of exotic plant pests and diseases that become established in Florida’s agricultural and native plant resources remains at significantly elevated levels. Through the past years, our CAPS data manager has entered over 94,300 (up to December, 2011) records into NAPIS from our Gainesville office. This trend will continue with the numbers of tourists and the amount of perishable cargo, mail deliveries and smuggling operations that continue to bring pests (intended or not) to our shores and interior areas round the clock on any given day. Florida’s natural and commercial agricultural resources are being invaded by numbers of exotic pests that were never anticipated.

This proposal outlines the continuation of an enhanced state survey program to be conducted by Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry (FDACS/DPI). The current Florida DPI CAPS State Survey Program (FL DPI-CSSP) is under the co-direction of a FDACS DPI State Survey Coordinator and a Principal Point of Contact (Assistant Director of the Division of Plant Industry). Current FL DPI-CSSP staff members include three Pest Survey Specialists, a Public Information Specialist and Data Coordinator, a GIS Mapping Specialist, a Laboratory Technician and a Molecular Diagnostician.

The FL DPI-CSSP will work closely with the USDA/APHIS PPQ State Plant Health Director’s Office, Domestic Identifier and Pest Survey Specialists to ensure maximum efficiency in co- survey activities from pathway analysis to field surveys and other early detection projects. USDA/APHIS SITC and high risk areas will factor strongly into survey designs and development. Currently, Florida has an excellent survey system for inspection of material received and shipped from nurseries and other facilities that handle agricultural commodities. However, a very limited number of pests are surveyed for in select agricultural crops such as field crops and forest land. A lack of DPI resources has precluded a complete survey effort that should take place in Florida, especially in its fruits, vegetables and field crops. Our homeland security priorities have identified these resources as having a high priority for protection.

II. RESULTS OR BENEFITS EXPECTED

The FL DPI-CSSP will continue the development, implementation and deployment of a statewide survey program with special emphasis on fruits, vegetables, field crops and citrus. Crops such as sugarcane, potatoes, cotton, tomatoes, ornamentals/nurseries and citrus will receive high priority for systematic survey and reporting. The state survey personnel will liaison with industry stakeholders and other state and federal cooperators (USDA/ARS, DHS/CBP, UF /IFAS Cooperative Extension Service, UF/IFAS Research Centers, Master Gardener Program, and FEMA) to further enhance the state program by reviewing, developing, and implementing educational programs and survey plans. Publications and other educational tools will be developed to enhance the field knowledge of all stakeholders. The FL DPI-CSSP will conduct statewide and regional pest survey workshops for personnel associated with industry, agency and institutional cooperators. Partnerships will be formed to maximize survey efforts and sharing of data. Surveys will focus on detection of non-indigenous pests and include confirmation on the absence of regulatory pests in specific agricultural commodities and associated native plant resources. Data will be acquired via portable computer equipment (PDA’s and GPS receivers) for facile transmission to CAPS data workstations. This information will then be uploaded to the NAPIS or IPHIS or appropriate database as directed by the national CAPS committee. The FL

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DPI-CSSP will assist in initial survey efforts in the event of the detection of any new exotic pest in Florida.

FL DPI-CSSP staff will work with FDACS/DPI taxonomic scientists to develop appropriate training aids and field survey and detection methodology (for example, citrus greening). Once surveys ensue, FL DPI-CSSP staff will consult with the scientists to ensure survey efficacy and effectiveness. Survey samples will also be processed via Remote Digital Identification Workstations (RDIW) where applicable as well as through postal mail and courier services depending on identification urgency. The workstations will consist of a stereo-dissecting microscope, light source, computer platform, and internet connectivity to allow real-time to near- real-time sending and viewing of digital imagery of suspect samples. Identification specialists at FDACS/DPI and the Southern Plant Diagnostic Center (a Homeland Security initiative with the University of Florida as the Southern States diagnostic hub) will also be available through their remote digital identification system

Exotic pest detection that will receive prioritization in Florida includes surveys based on, in part on high risk areas with the emphasis on exotic pests including but not limited to the Sirex wood wasp, woodboring beetles, the exotic bark beetle complex, red palm mite, laurel wilt, cotton seed bug, rice cutworm, tomato viruses, citrus diseases, old world bollworm, sugarcane scale, woolly sugarcane aphid, light brown apple moth, nettle moth, tomato viruses; enhanced surveillance of permit facilities, laboratories and high risk nurseries that import propagative plant material. Additionally, surveys important to Florida’s agricultural and natural resources will continue to be conducted for a number of pests and plant diseases recently introduced, newly established, or spreading into new areas.

Emphasis will continue to be placed on determining negative data entries that will be appropriate for entry into the NAPIS or IPHIS data base. Large projects under FDACS/DPI or other agency direction, such as citrus greening and citrus canker will be reviewed for their negative data that are suitable for NAPIS or IPHIS as appropriate database as directed by the national CAPS committee.

It should be recognized that as much as the Florida CAPS program anticipates performing surveys in specified areas it is just as likely that unanticipated surveys will take place in many not anticipated locations or counties, e.g., Spodoptera litura, and Texas Phoenix palm decline (TPPD). Redirection of survey effort will likely occur in 2013 as well as new exotic pests are discovered through one means or another.

III. APPROACH

A. The Cooperator and APHIS Mutually Agree to:

i. Maintain a State Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey Committee that will meet at least once a year to discuss fostering the goals of CAPS. ii. Work together in carrying out field surveys, trapping, and data collection, setting emphasis on pests and diseases particularly identified that may pose an immediate risk to the agriculture of Florida and the United States. iii. Have representation at national and/or regional annual planning meetings. iv. Utilize Cooperator and APHIS program funding, as outlined in the Financial Plan, within the authorized parameters to support survey and detection activities. In addition, specific appropriated funding in the level authorized by the PPQ Eastern Region will be dedicated to the delivery of CAPS objectives listed above.

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B. The Cooperator will:

i. The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, in cooperation with our federal counterparts in the Florida CAPS program, will construct specific surveys using statistically sound and biologically relevant survey strategies suitable to each target pest species identified through the work plan and as new needs arise during the upcoming survey year.

ii. Provide the following resources:

1. The Florida Legislature and the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services authorized the creation of seven limited career service positions in FY 2004-2005 to facilitate hiring and retaining professional staffing for the FL CAPS program with APHIS funds. These positions include the State Survey Coordinator, Pest Survey Specialists (3), GIS Mapping Specialist, Data Manager/Information Specialist and a Molecular Diagnostician. The current FL DPI CAPS staff is distributed as co-locations in Gainesville, Miami, and Sarasota with appropriate USDA/APHIS/PPQ Pest Survey Specialists under the Homeland Security initiative. The SSC will ensure coordination of survey efforts in the state, screening of samples for suspect specimens, maintaining in-house records of survey results, uploading of survey data into the NAPIS or appropriate database, and satisfy PPQ reporting requirements.

2. The principal equipment used by FL CAPS staff are vehicles, desktop and laptop computers, PDA’s, GPS units, software (mapping, data management and word processing), digital cameras, trapping equipment and laboratory equipment (microscopes, PCR, ELISA, SEM, TEM) which are on-hand at this point in time. As necessary repairs or replacement of these materials become necessary, they will be procured through either Cooperator or APHIS funds and follow agency guidelines for inventory and use. Purchased equipment is assigned to individual pest survey specialist or other CAPS staff as appropriate to their needs of use.

3. Office space is used at the FDACS, Division of Plant Industry headquarters in Gainesville, USDA Sterile Fruit Fly Release Facility in Sarasota, and USDA ARS facilities in Miami with associated services and utilities, computers and other office equipment for the use of Cooperator personnel in processing and entering survey data into the NAPIS or appropriate database.

4. Vehicles are used by the Cooperator personnel in conducting field surveys and collecting data. The Cooperator will provide for all operational costs of the vehicles.

5. Supplies a. Trapping supplies for field surveys will include Lindgren traps, black-light traps, Jackson traps, bucket traps, sticky panels and baited traps when available b. Special Supplies: primers, chemicals and reagents for Advanced Diagnostic Laboratory to provide identification or diagnosis of collected samples. c. Supplies will be procured using standard fiscal policies and procedures as approved by FDACS/DPI and USDA/APHIS/PPQ including field purchase orders and P-cards.

iii. Contracts: Contracts follow guidelines maintained by the Cooperator and APHIS. The Cooperator’s division director, assistant director, fiscal officer, diagnostic services bureau

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chief and state survey coordinator assist in the preparation of the CAPS work plan. The principle fiscal contacts are: Penny McCurry (352/395-4757), Richard Miranda (352/395- 4632) and Riggi Torres (352/395-4697).

iv. Submit all reports to the APHIS ADODR. Reports include Narrative Accomplishments Reports (Accomplishment Report – Appendix H of the ER CAPS Guide) and Financial Status Reports, SF-269, in the frequency and time frame specified in the Notice of Award, Article 4).

v. Adhere to APHIS ADP security guidelines as referenced in the Notice of Award when entering pest survey data and transmitting it to NAPIS or IPHIS.

C. APHIS will:

i. Review key PPQ databases (528, 280, PIN 309, SITC Bulletin Board, etc.) to assist with pest surveys geared toward the Hot Zone Program. ii. A PPQ Pest Survey Specialist interacts directly with the North Florida Pest Risk Committee (NFPRC) that includes personnel from CBP, Port Identifiers, SITC, and DPI. iii. Eastern Region Domestic Identifier provides taxonomic support, risk assessment and survey strategy planning. iv. Florida PPQ Cartographer is coordinating and assisting with DPI CAPS regarding GIS and mapping needs. v. Identify emerging issues and opportunities for detection activities through Regional and National contacts (SPHD’s, Pest Survey Specialists, Regional staff). vi. APHIS CAPS-related personnel resource support is provided through the Florida State Plant Health Director’s office, three PPQ Pest Survey Specialists, Eastern Region Domestic Identifier, Florida PPQ Cartographer, and some special project assistance from the SITC Program. These personnel resources are utilized with DPI CAPS to support the following program goals: Conducting high-risk pathway surveys. Conducting traditional specific crop surveys. Developing survey strategies aligned with emerging pest issues in the Caribbean. Cross training State and Federal plant regulatory personnel. Internal and external stakeholder outreach. vii. Provide any new information that becomes available on CAPS or CAPS-related survey targets listed on the cover page. Provide pheromones not available commercially. viii. Provide funds to the Cooperator to cover costs outlined in the Financial Plan. In addition, specific appropriated funding, in the level authorized by the APHIS Eastern Region, will be dedicated to the delivery of CAPS objectives listed above.

D. The FL DPI-CSSP has received and anticipates continued exemplary cooperation from the University of Florida/Institute of Food and Sciences, Entomology and Plant Pathology Departments and Cooperative Extension Service; Department of Homeland Security Customs and Border Protection, Florida’s Water Management Districts; State Forests and State Preserves; local municipality environmental agencies; agriculture industry groups and private consultants for assistance in conducting field surveys, acquiring field samples and public outreach. We have educated and worked in the field with a number of outside cooperators on several field studies over the past eight years and expect a continuation of this enhancement of our CAPS survey efforts.

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IV. QUANTITATIVE PROJECTION OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO BE ACHIEVED

. Submission of draft work plans and financial plans by August 15, 2012. . Submission of final work plans and financial plans by October 15, 2012. . Submission of completed cooperative agreement packages by November 15, 2012. . Submission of mid-year accomplishment report by August 1, 2013. . Submission of NAPIS or IPHIS data by December 1, 2013. . Submission of final accomplishment report, SF-269, and SF-270 by March 31, 2014.

V. DATA COLLECTION AND MAINTENANCE

A. Survey data, which will include all pertinent NAPIS or IPHIS fields, will be delivered directly to the SSC from the field staff conducting the surveys. All appropriate survey data from this survey will be entered into the either NAPIS or IPHIS as directed by the CAPS committee. The first record for the state and/or a county will be entered with 48 hours of confirmation of identification by a qualified identifier. All other required records, both positive and negative, will be entered within two weeks of confirmation. All records will be entered into the NAPIS or IPHIS database by December 1, 2013 for their inclusion in the yearly Plant Board report.

B. The kinds of data that will be collected are: presence or absence of pests; survey dates; survey personnel; site address, contact information; GPS coordinates (decimal degrees) at minimum.

C. The data will be maintained in databases and spreadsheets housed on the FDACS computer network.

D. Criteria to evaluate the project:

i. Results: Pest detection surveys, maps, outreach and other project activities are completed in the manner described and due dates. ii. Successes: All data entered into database by December 1, 2013.

E. Methodology used to determine if:

i. Identified needs are met: Check that all data is in NAPIS or appropriate database. ii. Results and benefits achieved: Review data and use for planning further surveys and outreach efforts.

VI. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF PROJECT

Surveys being administered through this agreement will be conducted in most of Florida’s 67 counties. Work will take place in three principal locations: the state headquarters of the Division of Plant Industry in Gainesville (North Florida Region) which houses the SSC, GIS Mapping Specialist and Data Manager/Information Specialist and one Molecular Diagnostician; an office in the Sarasota area (Central Florida Region) which houses one PSS; and Miami area (South Florida Region) with the third PSS. Surveys will be conducted throughout the state. Survey and educational partnerships will be formed with agricultural grower groups; the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, Cooperative Extension Service and Research Centers; and various professional and vocational horticulture or garden groups.

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This work plan funds administrative, field survey and outreach activities. The type of terrain is variable, ranging from urban, suburan and rural; field and row crops and groves; natural habitats such as swamps, forest land and other habitats. No geographic features will impact the project or activities.

VII. TAXOMIC SUPPORT

Currently, FL CAPS personnel (DPI and PPQ) are trained and assisted in screening and making diagnoses/identifications of samples of target pests. The contact for diagnostic/identification work is Dr. Greg Hodges, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville. The FDACS/DPI Bureau of Entomology, Nematology and Plant Pathology has several technical Sections (Entomology, Nematology, Botany, Plant Pathology) and two Laboratories (Advanced Diagnostic and Fruit Fly) staffed by over 50 biological scientists and support staff. Also, a PPQ Identifier is stationed in the Gainesville CAPS offices. As has been done over the past eight years, the DPI taxonomic and technical support staff will continue to assist in processing and identifying samples as needed and appropriate. If additional expertise is needed, consultations will be made with USDA/APHIS/PPQ national identification specialists as well as associated diagnosticians/identifiers (worldwide distribution) known to individual DPI scientists.

VIII. STATE PEST LIST

Aceria hibisci, hibiscus mite Achatina fulica, giant African land snail Agrilus planipennis, emerald ash borer Anoplophora glabripennis, Asian longhorn beetle Bactericera cockerelli, potato/tomato psyllid Bagrada hilaris, painted bug Ceroplastes destructor, white wax scale Citrus leprosis virus Darna pallivitta, nettle caterpillar Epiphyas postvittana, light brown apple moth Globodera pallida, potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis, golden nematode Guignardia citricarpa, citrus black spot Halyomorpha halys, brown marmorated stink bug Helicoverpa armigera, old world bollworm Lobesia botrana, European grape vine moth Nysius huttoni, wheat bug Oxycarenus hyalinipennis, cotton seed bug Phytophthora ramorum, sudden oak death Planococcus minor, passionvine mealybug Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, red palm weevil Rhynchophorus palmarum, South American palm weevil Russelliana solanicola, potato psyllid Sirex noctilio, sirex woodwasp Spodoptera littoralis, Egyptian cotton leafworm Spodoptera litura, rice cutworm Tuta absoluta, tomato leafminer Xylella fastidiosa (CVC strain), citrus variegated chlorosis

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IX. STATE COMMODITY LIST

Commodity Sales Acres Forest Products $16,600,000,000 15,600,000 Ornamental/Nurseries $15,200,000,000 na Citrus $1,362,400,000 621,373 Tomato $622,251,000 32,400 Sugarcane $350,000,000 400,000 Pepper (Bell) $267,411,000 19,000 Strawberries $249,366,000 6,900 Beans (Snap) $172,050,000 37,800 Potato $131,040,000 28,500 Peanut $88,000,000 150,000 Cotton $33, 415,000 na

Source: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service (2008); Florida Forestry Association (2008), Florida Nursery, Growers and Landscape Association (2007).

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Cooperator: Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services

State: Florida

Project: Surveys of National Concern - Exotic Woodboring and Bark Beetles and Sirex Woodwasp: Agrilus biguttatus Agrilus coxalis auroguttatus Agrilus planipennis Anoplophora glabripennis Sirex noctilio Hylurgus ligniperda Tomicus destruens Platypus quercivorus Hylorgops paliatus

I. OBJECTIVES AND NEED FOR ASSISTANCE

Florida’s forest industry contributes $16.6 billion to the state’s economy annually and encompasses almost 16 million acres. Florida’s forests are truly unique and are home to plants and animals found nowhere else in the world. Not only do the public forests of Florida provide habitat for its many endemic animal and plant species, but with a relatively mild climate state and national forests are a major draw for campers year round. Florida is a major trade hub and receives material by rail, sea and air from all over the world. The State of Florida has 12 international airports and 14 deep water maritime ports. Therefore, Florida is a high risk state for the introduction and establishment of exotic woodboring insects. Early detection of exotic woodboring insects is critical to successful implementation of response actions. The discovery of the red bay ambrosia beetle after it had become established in North Florida and the expense of trapping and tracking this pest, the loss of an extremely ecologically important tree (red bay), as well as the potential damage to avocado production in South Florida underscores the importance of this type of survey.

The objective of this project is to survey and monitor environs in and around our international ports and other high risk sites (e.g. pallet repair facilities and intermodals) that pose the greatest risk of entry and establishment of exotic invasive woodboring insects into Florida through solid wood packing materials (SWPM). This survey is clearly of national significance, as Florida could serve as the entry point for these pests and their subsequent spread across large regions. All CAPS personnel, both Federal and State, are involved in this monitoring initiative. The Florida Department of Agriculture therefore requests CAPS funding to conduct this survey. This survey will not be possible without CAPS funding.

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II. RESULTS AND BENEFITS EXPECTED

Survey and potential detection of these pests would provide the following benefits: potential eradication or containment of pest populations; prevention of the spread of these pests out of Florida; increased awareness of exotic pests for employees at these firms; protection of the vast forestry and agricultural resources of Florida and the United States; and assessment of the effectiveness of heat- treatment and fumigation of solid wood packing material overseas.

III. APPROACH

A. The Cooperator and APHIS mutually agree to/that:

B. The Cooperator will:

i. Twelve well-distributed high-risk international air and maritime ports will be chosen to be monitored. A total of 21 sites near or within each international port will be monitored to determine if species of concern have established in nearby environs. In addition, this survey has the potential to identify many new pest species at the County, State and National levels. Forty Lindgren funnel traps will be established statewide and will remain active year round. Each site will have a minimum of two traps and a maximum of four with various combinations depending on the risk associated with the site. Where appropriate purple prism traps will be placed in the field baited with manuka oil/hexanol. Samples will be collected and lures will be replaced every four to six weeks. A pilot survey to establish sites with Cerceris fumipennis wasp nest for biosurveillance for Agrilus biguttatus and Agrilus coxalis auroguttatus will be initiated to supplement visual and purple prism traps as approved by the CAPS program.

ii. Provide the following resources:

1. The State Survey Coordinator will be responsible for coordinating survey efforts, maintaining survey data, providing reports, and uploading appropriate survey data to the NAPIS or IPHIS database as directed by the national CAPS committee. CAPS personnel and FDACS Inspectors will conduct survey activities in the field.

a. All personnel are currently employed by FDACS. b. No new employees will need to be hired. c. All positions are paid positions.

2. Type of equipment provided by Cooperator for personnel: N/A

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3. Provide office space at FDACS offices in Gainesville, Sarasota and Miami with associated services and utilities, computers and other office equipment for the use of Cooperator personnel in entering survey data into the NAPIS or IPHIS database or as directed by the national CAPS committee.

4. Vehicles for Cooperator personnel in conducting field surveys and collecting data.

5. Supplies:

a. Trapping supplies for field surveys will include 40 twelve-funnel Lindgren traps with wet cups, 300 ethanol lures, 300 alpha pinene, 100 alpha-beta pinene, 100 Quercivorol, 120 manuka/hexanol, 100 gallons propylene glycol antifreeze, 50 gallons isopropanol, 200 plastic cups, 80 purple prism traps, 3 UV-light traps, rope, hangers 5 telescoping polls for hanging traps. b. No special supplies are needed. c. Supplies will be procured using standard State of Florida procurement methods.

6. There are no contractual needs.

iii. Submit all reports to the APHIS ADODR. Reports include Narrative Accomplishments Reports (Accomplishment Report – Appendix H of the ER CAPS Guide) and Financial Status Reports, SF-269, in the frequency and time frame specified in the Notice of Award, Article 4.

iv. Adhere to APHIS ADP security guidelines as referenced in the Notice of Award when entering pest survey data and transmitting it to NAPIS or IPHIS.

C. APHIS will:

i. Provide any new information that becomes available on exotic woodboring and bark beetles. ii. Provide the following resources: funds to the Cooperator to cover costs outlined in the Financial Plan. In addition, specific appropriated funding in the level authorized by the APHIS Eastern Region will be dedicated to the delivery of CAPS objectives listed above. iii. Make arrangements for taxonomic support in identification of exotic woodboring and bark beetles should these pests be found.

D. No other parties will participate in this survey.

IV. QUANTITATIVE PROJECTION OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO BE ACHIEVED

Twenty-one high-risk sites will be trapped using twelve-funnel Lindgren traps. Twenty more high- risk sites will be chosen for trapping using purple prism traps. UV-light traps will be deployed at high risk areas based on known pathways for the introduction of insects. Samples will be collected and preservative replaced every two weeks, and lures will be replaced every four to six weeks during the trapping period in the case of Lindgren funnel and purple prism traps. UV-light traps will be checked either on a daily or weekly schedule depending on whether the power source is AC or DC. A estimated total of 250 samples will be collected, sorted, screened, and identified by December 1.

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V. DATA COLLECTION AND MAINTENANCE

A. Survey data, which will include all pertinent NAPIS or IPHIS fields, will be delivered directly to the SSC from the field staff conducting the surveys. All appropriate survey data from this survey will be entered into the either NAPIS or IPHIS as directed by the CAPS committee. The first record for the state and/or a county will be entered with 48 hours of confirmation of identification by a qualified identifier. All other required records, both positive and negative, will be entered within two weeks of confirmation. All records will be entered into the NAPIS or IPHIS database or as directed by the national CAPS committee by December 1, 2013 for their inclusion in the yearly Plant Board report.

B. The kinds of data that will be collected are: presence or absence of pests; survey methods; survey dates; and GPS coordinates (decimal degrees).

C. The data will be maintained in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet present on the FDACS network.

D. Criteria to evaluate the project:

i. Results: Surveys conducted and data collected as described above. ii. Successes: All data entered into NAPIS, IPHIS or appropriate database as directed by year end.

E. Methodology used to determine if:

i. Identified needs are met: Check all data is in database. ii. Results and benefits achieved: Review data and use for planning further surveys and educational efforts.

VI. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF PROJECT

Surveys will be conducted in 12 counties. Bay, Brevard, Broward, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Hillsborough, Manatee, Miami-Dade, Nassau, Orange and Palm Beach.

A. Surveys will be conducted in natural, commercial and industrial areas. B. No geographic features are expected to have an impact on the project or activities.

VII.TAXONOMIC SUPPORT

A. Beetle samples collected will be screened by CAPS staff for families Cerambycidae, Scolytidae (= Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodinae), Buprestidae, and Siricidae (Hymenoptera). Identifications will be performed by the SSC and confirmed by the FCACS taxonomists in Gainesville, FL. Target pests include: Agrilus biguttatus, Agrilus coxalis auroguttatus, Agrilus planipennis, Anoplophora glabripennis, Hylorgops paliatus, Hylurgus ligniperda, Tomicus destruens, Platypus quercivorus and Sirex noctilio B. This survey will be conducted between January 1 and December 1, 2013. C. This survey will involve 41 sites and more than 41 traps. D. An estimated total of 250 collections will result from Lindgren funnel, UV-light and purple prism trapping.

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Cooperator: Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services

State: Florida

Project: Surveys of National Concern – Cyst Nematodes Pale potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida Golden nematode, Globodera rostochiensis

I. OBJECTIVES AND NEED FOR ASSISTANCE

Florida’s potato industry is a vital part of the state’s economy, with an annual crop value of around $130 million and almost 29,000 planted acres. With Florida’s mild winters growers are able to produce two potato crops a year one in the winter and one in the spring. Florida is also a major producer of tomato and eggplant which are also hosts of several cyst nematodes. By conducting this survey, Florida will show current or future commercial trade partners that pestiferous cyst nematodes do not exist in this state or will detect them as soon as possible if they exist so that their impact can be mitigated. Early detection of cyst nematodes is critical to successful implementation of response actions. The discovery of Globodera pallida Stone in Idaho in 2006 and the discovery of Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) in Alberta in 2007 underscores the importance of this type of survey.

From 2007 to early 2009, 16,853 acres were sampled as part of the national PCN survey plan in 11 Florida counties (Charlotte, 100; Collier, 1947 acres; Flagler, 665 acres; Lee, 1416 acres; Manatee, 1850 acres; Miami-Dade, 60 acres; Osceola, 1300 acres; Okeechobee 1200 acres; Putnam, 1777; St. Johns, 4738 acres; Suwannee, 1800 acres). This represents over 60% of the state’s commercial potato-production acreage. A total of 1,262 soil samples were submitted from the survey to FDACS- DPI nematologists for processing and identification. No PCN has been found in any sample processed at the time of this report. In addition to a thorough screening for PCN, all plant-parasitic nematodes found in each sample were identified. From the 1,262 soil samples currently processed, 197,444 plant-parasitic nematodes in two orders, eight families and 15 genera have been recorded. No nematode of regulatory concern has been found.

The objective of this survey is the detection of potential populations of two serious nematode pests, the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida and the golden nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, both with a very limited distribution in the United States. The first species is known in the U.S. only from the Idaho; the second species is known only from New York. This survey is clearly of national significance, as Florida could serve as the entry point for these pests and their subsequent spread across large regions. All CAPS personnel, both Federal and State, are involved in this monitoring initiative. The Florida Department of Agriculture therefore requests CAPS funding to conduct this survey. This survey will not be possible without CAPS funding.

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II. RESULTS AND BENEFITS EXPECTED

Survey and potential detection of these pests would provide the following benefits: potential eradication or containment of pest populations; prevention of the spread of these pests out of Florida; increased awareness of exotic pests for growers; and protection of potato production resources of Florida and the United States. The ability to detect other economical important pest of concern for the Florida potato industry, such as the potato/tomato psyllid (Bactericerca cockerelli ) which is associated with the “zebra chip” disease caused by Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum.

III. APPROACH

A. The Cooperator and APHIS mutually agree to/that:

i. Maintain a State Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey Committee that will meet at least once a year to discuss fostering the goals of CAPS. ii. Work together in carrying out field surveys and data collection, setting emphasis on pests and diseases particularly identified that may pose an immediate risk to the agriculture of Florida and the United States. iii. Have representation at national and/or regional annual planning meetings. iv. Utilize Cooperator and APHIS program funding, as outlined in the Financial Plan, within the authorized parameters to support survey and detection activities. In addition, specific appropriated funding in the level authorized by the PPQ Eastern Region will be dedicated to the delivery of CAPS objectives listed above.

B. The Cooperator will:

i. Three major potato-producing counties will be chosen for survey. Ten percent of fields in each county where commercial potatoes were produced the previous year are to be randomly selected for sampling, although fields with a higher likelihood of infestation and detection (fields with continuous potato production, fields with potatoes grown for a long time with rotation, and fields with exposure to equipment from Europe) are of higher priority for sampling. Surveys will take place in spring 2013.

ii. Provide the following resources:

1. The State Survey Coordinator will be responsible for coordinating survey efforts, maintaining survey data, providing reports, and uploading data to the NAPIS, IPHIS or appropriate database as directed by the national CAPS committee. FDACS Inspectors will assist CAPS personnel in conducting survey activities in the field.

a. All personnel are currently employed by FDACS. b. No new employees will need to be hired. c. All positions are paid positions.

2. Type of equipment provided by Cooperator for personnel: N/A

3. Provide office space at FDACS offices in Gainesville, Sarasota, and Miami with associated services and utilities, computers and other office equipment for the use of Cooperator personnel in entering survey data into the NAPIS or IPHIS database.

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4. Vehicles for Cooperator personnel in conducting field surveys and collecting data.

5. Supplies:

a. Sampling supplies for field surveys will include 500 plastic soil sample bags and ties. b. No special supplies are needed. c. Supplies will be procured using standard State of Florida procurement methods. 6. There are no contractual needs.

iii Submit all reports to the APHIS ADODR. Reports include Narrative Accomplishments Reports (Accomplishment Report – Appendix H of the ER CAPS Guide) and Financial Status Reports, SF-269, in the frequency and time frame specified in the Notice of Award, Article 4.

iv. Adhere to APHIS ADP security guidelines as referenced in the Notice of Award when entering pest survey data and transmitting it to NAPIS, IPHIS or appropriate database.

C. APHIS will:

i. Provide any new information that becomes available on cyst nematodes. ii. Provide the following resources: funds to the Cooperator to cover costs outlined in the Financial Plan. In addition, specific appropriated funding in the level authorized by the APHIS Eastern Region will be dedicated to the delivery of CAPS objectives listed above. iii. Make arrangements for taxonomic support in identification of cyst nematodes that may be found.

D. No other parties will participate in this survey.

IV. QUANTITATIVE PROJECTION OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO BE ACHIEVED

Three high-risk counties will be surveyed for cyst nematodes and a total of 150 samples will be collected.

V. DATA COLLECTION AND MAINTENANCE

A. Survey data, which will include all pertinent NAPIS or IPHIS fields will be delivered directly to the SSC from the field staff conducting the surveys. All appropriate survey data from this survey will be entered into the either NAPIS or IPHIS as directed by the CAPS committee. The first record for the state and/or a county will be entered with 48 hours of confirmation of identification by a qualified identifier. All other required records, both positive and negative, will be entered within two weeks of confirmation. All records will be entered into the NAPIS, IPHIS or appropriate database by December 1, 2013 for their inclusion in the yearly Plant Board report.

B. The kinds of data that will be collected are: presence or absence of pests; survey methods; survey dates; and GPS coordinates (decimal degrees).

C. The data will be maintained in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet present on the FDACS network.

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D. Criteria to evaluate the project:

i. Results: Surveys conducted and data collected as described above. ii. Successes: All data entered into NAPIS or IPHIS database by year end.

E. Methodology used to determine if:

i. Identified needs are met: Check all data is in database. ii. Results and benefits achieved: Review data and use for planning further surveys and educational efforts.

VI. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF PROJECT Surveys will be conducted in Flagler, Putnam, and St. Johns Counties. A. Surveys will be conducted in commercial fields. B. No geographic features are expected to have an impact on the project or activities.

VII.TAXONOMIC SUPPORT A. Nematode samples collected will be forwarded to the appropriate FDACS taxonomic specialist for screening and identification. B. Target pests include: Globodera pallida Stone and Globodera rostochiensis (Woll). C. This survey will be conducted between January 1 and December 31, 2013. D. This survey will involve about 5,000 acres and 150 samples. E. An estimated total of 150 collections will result from this survey.

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Cooperator: Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services

State: Florida

Project: Surveys of National Concern – Corn Commodity Survey Old World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Silver y moth, Autographa gamma False coddling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta Corn downy mildew, Peronosclerospora maydis Philippine downy mildew, Peronosclerospora philippinensis

I. OBJECTIVES AND NEED FOR ASSISTANCE

Corn (Zea mays L.) is an important grain crop in the United States. In 1998, corn was harvested on 73 million acres with a production of about 9.7 billion bushels. In 1995, approximately 18% of the crop was used for food, seed, and industrial uses; 59% was used for animal feed; and 23% was exported. Corn is widely adaptable to different environments (length of growing season, rainfall amounts, etc.). According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 86,977,000 acres of corn were planted in 2008 and 93,600,000 acres were planted in 2007. Corn production occurs across the United States with the greatest concentration in the central U.S. “Corn Belt” region of the Midwestern United States where corn has traditionally been the predominant crop.

Although Florida is not a large producer of corn comparing to other states it is a very important crop in Florida’s agriculture. In 2010, 65,000 acres of corn was planted in Florida. The value of the 2010 crop was $12,338,000. Although Florida’s acreage is relatively small compared to other states to the north, Florida corn can serve as a springboard for exotic corn pests to move northward throughout the corn production areas. Florida’s corn is produced in various parts on the state with its highest production areas in the northern counties. Counties that produce corn include Escambia, Gadsden, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, Washington Hamilton, Madison, Palm Beach, Miami-Dade, Suwannee and others not listed in the national statistics. From the list of pest in the corn commodity survey guidelines, five pests with likely pathways into the state were selected for survey :the Old World bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), silver y moth (Autographa gamma), false coddling moth (Thaumatotibia leucotreta), corn downy mildew(Peronosclerospora maydis) and Philippine downy mildew(Peronosclerospora philippinensis).

The objective of this survey is the detection of potential populations of these serious exotic plant pests currently not known to occur in the United States and which pose a serious threat to corn production in Florida.

Helicoverpa armigera occurs in various parts of the world (Africa, the Mediterranean, Asia, Australia and Oceania) where this pest has been detected. It has been detected in at least 150 countries. Although the primary hosts of H. armigera are thought to be cotton, tomato and maize, the potential host range covers many unrelated species of plants.

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Autographa gamma is widely distributed throughout all of Europe and eastward through Asia to India and China; it also occurs in North Africa. The consequences of its establishment for U.S. agricultural and natural ecosystems are rated high (i.e., severe). California and the southern United States have the greatest risk for A. gamma establishment based on host availability and climate within the continental United States.

Thaumatotibia leucotreta is indigenous to southern Africa and the Ethiopian region. It also occurs on the islands of Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion and St. Helena. False codling moth has occasionally been found in Europe, where it was imported with produce from Africa. Border inspections have intercepted false codling moth in Denmark, Finland, Netherlands and United Kingdom.

Peronosclerospora maydis (downy mildews of corn, sorghum, maize and sugarcane) is among the world’s most destructive causal agent of several diseases. Heaviest losses are incurred when the diseases become systemic (spreads throughout the plant host). Java downy mildew is of great importance in Indonesia, where yield may be reduced by 40. Its known distribution includes Asia: China, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, and Thailand; Africa: Congo Democratic Republic; Caribbean: Jamaica; South America: Argentina; Oceania: Australia.

Peronosclerospora philippinensis has a known distribution that includes Asia: China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines and Thailand; Africa: Democratic Republic of Congo, Mauritius, and South Africa. Seedborne transmission may occur in corn, but there is no external symptom on the seed.

Introduction of any of the above pest into Florida would have national significance as Florida could be a gateway for these pests to move into other large corn-growing regions in the North. The Florida Department of Agriculture therefore requests CAPS funding to conduct this survey. This survey will not be possible without CAPS funding.

II. RESULTS AND BENEFITS EXPECTED

III. APPROACH

A. The Cooperator and APHIS mutually agree to/that:

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B. The Cooperator will:

i. Establish the following surveys:

1. Pheromone-baited bucket traps will be established at twenty sites throughout the corn growing areas of Florida to monitor for Helicoverpa armigera, Autographa gamma and Thaumatotibia leucotreta. To correspond with the corn-growing season in Florida, traps will be deployed in January and removed at the end of April. Samples will be collected and pheromone lures and preservative will be replaced as instructed by the CAPS approved methods. 2. Visually surveys will be carried out for Peronosclerospora maydis and Peronosclerospora philippinensis.

ii. Provide the following resources:

1. The State Survey Coordinator will be responsible for coordinating survey efforts, maintaining survey data, providing reports, and uploading data to the NAPIS or IPHIS database. FDACS personnel will conduct survey activities in the field. a. All personnel are currently employed by FDACS. b. No new employees will need to be hired. c. All positions are paid positions.

2. Type of equipment provided by Cooperator for personnel: N/A

4. Vehicles for Cooperator personnel in conducting field surveys and collecting data.

5. Supplies:

a. Trapping supplies for field surveys will include 60 bucket traps (20 traps/species of pest listed) and approximately 720 pheromone lures. Traps and lures will be supplied by USDA-APHIS-PPQ. b. No special supplies are needed. c. Supplies will be procured using standard State of Florida procurement methods.

6. Contractual needs - none.

iv. Adhere to APHIS ADP security guidelines as referenced in the Notice of Award when entering pest survey data and transmitting it to NAPIS or IPHIS.

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C. APHIS will:

i. Provide any new information that becomes available on Old World bollworm - Helicoverpa armigera, silver Y moth - Autographa gamma, false coddling moth - Thaumatotibia leucotreta, corn downy mildew - Peronosclerospora maydis and Philippine downy mildew - Peronosclerospora philippinensis ii. Provide the following resources: funds to the Cooperator to cover costs outlined in the Financial Plan. In addition, specific appropriated funding in the level authorized by the APHIS Eastern Region will be dedicated to the delivery of CAPS objectives listed above. iii. Make arrangements for taxonomic support in identification of pests.

D. No other parties will participate in this survey.

IV. QUANTITATIVE PROJECTION OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO BE ACHIEVED

Traps for H. armigera and A.gamma and T. leucotreta will be established at 20 sites resulting in approximately 480 collections. Visual surveys for P. maydis and P.philippinensis will be conducted throughout the corn season and could result in approximately 10 collections for further diagnosis.

V. DATA COLLECTION AND MAINTENANCE

B. The kinds of data that will be collected are: presence or absence of pests; survey methods; survey dates; and GPS coordinates (decimal degrees).

C. The data will be maintained in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet present on the FDACS network.

D. Criteria to evaluate the project:

i. Results: Surveys conducted and data collected as described above. ii. Successes: All data entered into NAPIS or appropriate database by year end.

E. Methodology used to determine if:

i. Identified needs are met: Check all data is in database. ii. Results and benefits achieved: Review data and use for planning further surveys and potential outreach efforts.

VI. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF PROJECT

A. Surveys will be conducted in Escambia, Gadsden, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa,

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Walton, Washington Hamilton, Madison, Palm Beach, Miami-Dade, and Suwannee Counties. B. Surveys will be conducted in commercial fields. C. No geographic features are expected to have an impact on the project or activities.

VII.TAXONOMIC SUPPORT

A. Identifications of H. armigera, A. gamma and T. leucotreta will be done by Julieta Brambila, Entomological Identifier for USDA Eastern Region and Dr. James Hayden, DPI lepidopterist for FDACS; all pathogen will be processed by DPI plant pathology section staff. B. This survey will be conducted between January 1 and December 31, 2013. C. This survey will involve 20 sites with 20 traps for each pest listed. D. An approximate total of 480 collections will result from trapping and up to 20 samples will be collected as a result of visual surveys at these sites.

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Cooperator: Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services

State: Florida

Project: Surveys of National Concern – Nursery Survey: Light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana Asian gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar Pink gypsy moth, Lymantria mathura Rice cutworm, Spodoptera litura Egyptian cottonworm, Spodoptera littoralis Old World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera European grape vine moth, Lobesia botrana, Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys Bagrada bugs, Bagrada hilaris

I. OBJECTIVES AND NEED FOR ASSISTANCE

Florida’s ornamentals industry is one of the largest in the United States, has an economic impact of over $15 billion annually and provides a significant number of seasonal and permanent jobs. Nurseries are a “high risk” environment for the introduction of exotic invasive species due to offshore and interstate movement of plant stock. These plant nurseries act as gateways to the forests and unique ecosystems of Florida. Florida’s forest industry contributes $16.6 billion to the state’s economy annually and encompasses almost 16 million acres.

The light brown apple moth (LBAM), Epiphyas postvittana, has an extremely wide host range and is a pest of forest trees, ornamentals and crops. Early detection of LBAM is critical to successful implementation of response actions. The discovery of LBAM after it had become fairly widespread in California and the resulting significant expenses involved in trapping, tracking and eradication efforts directed at this pest, underscores the importance of this type of survey. Other important potential pests of Florida’s forest and natural oak resources are the Asian gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, and the pink gypsy moth, Lymantria mathura.

Florida receives much of its nursery stock from California, and is a significant potential pathway for the introduction of this pest into Florida. This prompted the Florida CAPS program to identify and locate nurseries in Florida that receive nursery stock from LBAM positive counties in California. When a high-risk nursery was identified, Jackson traps baited with an LBAM pheromone lure were placed either within or in the environs of the nursery. At this time, 122 LBAM traps have been placed in high-risk nurseries.

Both gypsy moth target species are capable of significantly changing the stand composition by the removal of oak and associated host tree species, such as American beech, walnut, apple, willow, chestnut, elm, larch, oak, poplar, alder, willow and some evergreens (perhaps more than 500 species of trees and shrubs). The severe defoliation caused by the gypsy moths severely weakens trees and shrubs, killing them or making them susceptible to diseases and other pests. In addition, the nuisance value of an exploding gypsy moth infestation can’t be overstated. Caterpillar silk strands, droppings,

Page 25 of 35 destroyed leaves, and dead moths raise considerable complaints when present in homes, yards, and parks.

The rice cutworm and the Old World bollworm are serious pests feeding on a wide range of host plants including, cotton, corn, grapes, lettuce, rice, soybeans, tobacco, vegetables and many ornamentals. Orchid nurseries that have received periodic shipments of Dendrobium sp. or Oncidium sp. from Asia are potential pathways for the introduction of Spodoptera litura. A list of nurseries that have imported a relatively large number of mature orchid plantlet shipments from Asia has been developed from the PPQ 264 database. From a list of nineteen potential introduction points, ten nurseries have been chosen as trap sites. Other nurseries have been targeted as the potential introduction sites for Spodoptera littoralis. Bucket traps baited with pheromone lures will be placed in the aforementioned high risk nurseries.

Helicoverpa armigera feeds on plants in at least 45 families (180 host species have been recorded and more than 300 species have been listed as associated with this noctuid). Although primarily a pest on ornamental plants and flowers, H. armigera has numerous other important hosts: cotton, tobacco, tomato, potato, corn, flax, cauliflower, sorghum, soybeans, strawberry, legumes including pigeon peas, soybeans, Phaseolus beans, chickpeas, fruit trees (including Citrus, Prunus, and others) and several species of forest trees. In Florida, it could affect primarily areas with tomato, strawberry and rose production. Helicoverpa armigera occurs in various parts of the world including: Africa, the Mediterranean, Asia, Australia and Oceania. It has been detected in at least 150 countries. Pheromone-baited traps will be placed in approximately 20 high risk nurseries for this pest.

The European grape vine moth (EGVM), Lobesia botrana, is a significant pest of grapes and other specialty crops, berries and berry-like fruits. When evaluated in a L. botrana pest risk assessment, it was noted that the chances of it becoming established in the US were considered high if it should be introduced. In October 2009, USDA APHIS confirmed the first detection of EGVM in the United States in major grape production areas of northern California. Counties with EGVM that are quarantined include Fresno, Mendocino, Merced, Napa, Solano Sonoma and San Joaquin. USDA APHIS, in partnership with CDFA and all affected counties, are working closely with industry, the University of California and other stakeholders to control this pest within California.

The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is an East Asian pest that became established in Pennsylvania after its first specimen was discovered in September 1998. Studies conducted on brown marmorated stink bug populations in New Jersey and Pennsylvania found about 25% damage per fruit tree. It feeds on a wide range of hosts, including peach, apple, pear, fig, mulberry, grape, raspberry, citrus and persimmon, as well as on row crops such as snap bean and soybean. It also feeds on a number of weeds and ornamental plants. Brown marmorated stink bug is a significant urban nuisance pest as well as being a pest of crops and ornamentals. The bugs come into homes in the winter, sometimes in very large numbers. One of the ways that the bugs move around is by hitchhiking with items moved by human activity. In Florida, several specimens were intercepted in vehicles and homes of seasonal residents, or residents who moved to Florida from various infested states. A single brown marmorated stink bug found in the Jacksonville area could not be confirmed as resulting from the movement of residents or vehicles, but no other specimens have been found in these locations after repeated surveys. Brown marmorated stink bug has the potential to be a significant pest of agricultural crops in Florida. Approximately 20 high risk sites will be selected and traps baited with lures will be used for this survey.

Bagrada bugs, Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (= B. cruciferarum Kirkaldy) showed up for the first time in the USA in California in June 2008. Since then, they have become more widespread in

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Southern California and have expanded their range into Arizona, where they are reported to be significant pests. Although Bagrada bugs are pests of Cruciferae, they are able to feed on other plants. This species is a major pest of cruciferous crops in the Old World and is reported to be a major pest in California and Arizona. In Arizona, they attacked both direct-seeded and transplanted broccoflower, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, kale, collards (all Brassica oleracea L.), radish, rutabaga (Brassica napus L. var. napobrassica (L.) Rchb.), arugula (Eruca vesicaria (L.)), turnip (Brassica napus L.) and mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) Bagrada bugs are particularly damaging to small plants, which can wilt and desiccate. The bugs also can kill the apical meristem. Sometimes damaged cabbage and cauliflower plants did not produce marketable heads. Broccoli growers estimated15-30% losses. The bugs overwintered on diakon (Raphanus sativus L. cv. ‘longipinnatus’) and turnip crops. In 2007, a serious outbreak in Kenya caused wide-spread losses. India mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) is planted in the fall as an oil seed crop in northern India. Bagrada bugs attacked the young plants in the fall of 1992 and destroyed many fields. An outbreak on maize also was reported with 25-140 (presumably adult) bugs found per leaf. In Himachal Pradesh (India), the bug is a serious pest of cauliflower grown for seed.

The objective of this project is to survey and monitor environs in and around high-risk plant nurseries for the presence of several major lepidopteran pests and stink bugs. Currently, the light brown apple moth’s known distribution is limited to California and Hawaii and EVGM is limited to California and the Brown marmorated stink bug has be distributed and established in some states. The other pests targeted for this survey have not been found in the U.S. This survey is clearly of national significance, as Florida could serve as the entry point for these pests and their subsequent spread across large regions. For the gypsy moths, pheromone traps will be placed in areas most likely to serve as pathways for the introduction of these species: ports, armed services bases that receive transport shipments and recreational vehicle campgrounds near forested communities. All CAPS personnel, both Federal and State, are involved in this monitoring initiative. The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services therefore requests CAPS funding to conduct these surveys. This survey will not be possible without CAPS funding.

II. RESULTS AND BENEFITS EXPECTED

Survey and potential detection of these pests would provide the following benefits: potential eradication or containment of pest populations; prevention of the spread of these pests out of Florida; increased awareness of exotic pests for growers; protection of the ornamental industry and natural plant resources of Florida and the United States; and assessment of the effectiveness of regulations on the movement of nursery stock from the West Coast.

III. APPROACH

A. The Cooperator and APHIS mutually agree to/that:

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appropriated funding in the level authorized by the PPQ Eastern Region will be dedicated to the delivery of CAPS objectives listed above.

B. The Cooperator will:

i. Fifty sites, mainly high-risk nurseries and cut flower distribution centers, will be trapped using pheromone-baited Jackson traps for LBAM. Nurseries will be selected based on the quantity of nursery stock imported from California and other information obtained from FDACS Bureau of Plant Inspection. Traps will be deployed at different times throughout the year. Two Jackson traps with a LBAM pheromone lures will be placed within each nursery preferably toward the edge of the nursery. The lures and traps will be replaced every six weeks. Samples will be collected once every two weeks. Traps will also be placed in some selected vineyards as well.

Pheromone-baited delta traps for the gypsy moths will also be placed in the nurseries being trapped for LBAM. Traps will be deployed from February to July. The lures and traps will be replaced every six weeks. Samples will be collected once every two weeks. Visual survey for the Bagrada bug (Bagrada hilaris) will be carried out at nurseries and other high risk sites including packing houses and shade houses as information becomes available.

ii. Provide the following resources:

1. The State Survey Coordinator will be responsible for coordinating survey efforts, maintaining survey data, providing reports, and uploading data to the NAPIS or appropriate database as directed by the national CAPS committee. FDACS personnel will conduct survey activities in the field.

a. All personnel are currently employed by FDACS or will be contracted. b. No new employees will need to be hired. c. All positions are paid positions.

2. Type of equipment provided by Cooperator for personnel: N/A

3. Provide office space at FDACS offices in Gainesville, Sarasota and Miami with associated services and utilities, computers and other office equipment to for the use of Cooperator personnel in entering survey data into the NAPIS or appropriate database.

4. Vehicles for Cooperator personnel in conducting field surveys and collecting data.

5. Supplies:

a. Trapping supplies for field surveys will include 600 Jackson traps, 1,100 sticky board inserts, 110 hangers, 110 lure cages, and 350 LBAM lures; 50 delta traps and 100 gypsy moth lures (dispar lure); 100 yellow sticky boards, 200 bucket traps, 100 S. litura lures, 100 S. littoralis lures, 100 Helicoverpa armigera lures and 100 EGVM pheromone lures. b. No special supplies are needed. c. Supplies will be procured using standard State of Florida procurement methods.

6. There are no contractual needs.

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iv. Adhere to APHIS ADP security guidelines as referenced in the Notice of Award when entering pest survey data and transmitting it to NAPIS or appropriate database.

C. APHIS will:

i. Provide any new information that becomes available on the light brown apple moth and other pests mentioned above. ii. Provide the following resources: funds to the Cooperator to cover costs outlined in the Financial Plan. In addition, specific appropriated funding in the level authorized by the APHIS Eastern Region, will be dedicated to the delivery of CAPS objectives listed above. iii. Make arrangements for taxonomic support in identification of light brown apple moth that may be found.

D. No other parties will participate in this survey.

IV. QUANTITATIVE PROJECTION OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO BE ACHIEVED

One hundred high-risk sites will be monitored for the pests mentioned above using one or two traps at each site. Traps will be checked and samples collected once every two weeks and lures will be replaced every six weeks during the trapping period. A estimated total of 800 samples will be collected, sorted, screened and identified by December 1, 2013.

V. DATA COLLECTION AND MAINTENANCE

A. Survey data, which will include all pertinent NAPIS or IPHIS fields, will be delivered directly to the SSC from the field staff conducting the surveys. All appropriate survey data from this survey will be entered into the either NAPIS or IPHIS as directed by the CAPS committee. The first record for the state and/or a county will be entered with 48 hours of confirmation of identification by a qualified identifier. All other required records, both positive and negative, will be entered within two weeks of confirmation. All records will be entered into the NAPIS or appropriate database by December 1, 2013 for their inclusion in the yearly Plant Board report.

B. The kinds of data that will be collected are: presence or absence of pests; survey methods; survey dates; and GPS coordinates (decimal degrees).

C. The data will be maintained in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet present on the FDACS network.

D. Criteria to evaluate the project:

E. Results: Surveys conducted and data collected as described above. F. Successes: All data entered into NAPIS or appropriate database by year end.

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G. Methodology used to determine if:

i. Identified needs are met: Check all data is in database. ii. Results and benefits achieved: Review data and use for planning further surveys and educational efforts.

VI. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF PROJECT

Surveys will be conducted in Alachua, Baker, Bradford, Brevard, Broward, Charlotte, Collier, Columbia, De Soto, Duval, Escambia, Hardee, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jackson, Lee, Leon, Manatee, Marion, Miami-Dade, Orange, Palm Beach, Pinellas, Polk, Sarasota, St. Lucie and Volusia Counties.

A. Surveys will be conducted in nurseries and their environs. B. No geographic features are expected to have an impact on the project or activities.

VII.TAXONOMIC SUPPORT

A. Moth samples collected will be screened by the SSC and identifications will be done by Julieta Brambila, Entomological Identifier for USDA Eastern Region and by Dr. James Hayden, lepidopterist for FDACS. Mealybugs and other arthropods will be identified by DPI taxonomic specialists. B. This survey will be conducted between January 1 and December 1, 2013. C. This survey will involve 100 sites and 200 traps. D. An estimated total of 800 collections will result from trapping.

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State: Florida

Project: Surveys of National Concern – Cotton Commodity Survey Old World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Egyptian Cottonworm, Spodoptera littoralis Cotton Cutworm, Spodoptera litura Cotton Seed Bug. Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Giant African Land Snail, Achatina fulica Helicid Snail, Monacha spp.

I. OBJECTIVES AND NEED FOR ASSISTANCE

Cotton (Gossypium sp.) is an important crop in the United States. In 2012, cotton was harvested on 10.8 million acres. About 112,000 acres were harvested in Florida. Most of the cotton producing counties are found in the northern and Panhandle regions of the state. These counties include but are not limited to Calhoun, Escambia, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Santa Rosa, Sumter, and Walton. From the list of pest in the cotton commodity survey guidelines, six pests with likely pathways into the state were selected for survey: the Old World bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), Egyptian Cottonworm (Spodoptera littoralis), Cotton Cutworm (Spodoptera litura), Cotton Seed Bug (Oxycarenus hyalinipennis), (Peronosclerospora philippinensis).

The objective of this survey is the detection of potential populations of these serious exotic plant pests currently not known to occur or minimally distributed in the United States, and which pose a serious threat to cotton production in Florida.

Spodoptera littoralis The northerly distribution limit of S. littoralis in Europe corresponds to the climatic zone in which winter frosts are infrequent. It occurs throughout Africa and extends eastwards into Turkey and north into eastern Spain, southern France and northern Italy. However, this boundary is probably the extent of migrant activity only; although the pest overwinters in southern Spain, it does not do so in northern Italy or France. In southern Greece, pupae have been observed in the soil after November and the species overwinters in this stage in Crete. Low winter temperatures are, therefore, an important limiting factor affecting the northerly distribution, especially in a species with no known diapause (Miller, 1976; Sidibe and Lauge, 1977). Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Senegal, Siera Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Brunei, and India. Europe: France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain, and United Kingdom. Middle East: Bahrein,

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Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Oceania: American Samoa. The host range of S. littoralis covers over 40 families, containing at least 87 species of economic importance including Cotton (Salama et al., 1970).

Spodoptera litura is one of the most important insect pests of agricultural crops in the Asian tropics. This species is widely distributed throughout tropical and temperate Asia, Australasia and the Pacific Islands (Kranz et al., 1977). Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Korea, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Thailand, and Vietnam. Europe: Russia. Africa: Reunion. North America: United States (Hawaii). Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Belau, Cook Islands, Federated states of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Midway Islands, Wake Island, Vanuatu, and the Wallis and Futuna Islands. The host range of S. litura covers at least 120 species (Venette et al., 2003). Among the main crop species attacked by S. litura in the tropics are taro, cotton, flax, peanuts, jute, alfalfa, corn, rice, soybeans, tea, tobacco, vegetables, aubergines (eggplant), Brassica spp., Capsicum spp., cucurbits, beans, potatoes, sweet potatoes, grape, and cowpea.

The cotton seed bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa 1847), is a small lygaeoid pest of cotton. While the insect’s origins may lie in southern Europe and North Africa, it has since expanded to become a cosmopolitan pest with a global distribution. In the Western Hemisphere, it was first documented in the North Caicos Islands in 1991; Cuba in 1993; and by 2005, it had been observed throughout the Turks and Caicos, the Bahamas, the Cayman Islands and Hispaniola. Surveys conducted by the Florida CAPS program in the Bahamas in 2007 found the bug established in high density. This pest was detected in Puerto Rico on January 26, 2010. As of March 12, 2010, subsequent surveys have revealed the pest in twelve municipalities on the island. On March 23, 2010, while conducting fruit fly detection activities in the Florida Keys, PPQ Technician William A. Thiel collected suspicious specimens at a residential property from Gossypium sp. on Stock Island. The specimens were confirmed by FDACS and PPQ identifiers as Oxycarenus hyalinipennis. It was also confirmed from follow up survey in Key West.

Achatina fulica, the Giant African Land Snail, is believed to be originally from East Africa, has become established throughout the Indo-Pacific Basin, including the Hawaiian Islands. This mollusk has also been introduced to the Caribbean islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe. Recently, the snails were detected on Saint Lucia and Barbados. Although many introductions are accidental via cargo or ships, some introductions were purposeful. The market for this snail species as food is expanding. In Africa and Asia, the medicinal properties of these snails are also being investigated. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has previously discovered and confiscated illegal giant African land snails from commercial pet stores, schools, and one private breeder. These snails were being used for science lessons in schools by teachers who were unaware of the risks associated with the snails and the illegality of possessing them. In 1966, a Miami boy smuggled three giant African land snails into the country. His grandmother eventually released them into a garden, and in seven years, there were more than 18,000 of them. The Florida state eradication effort took 10 years at a cost of $1 million. Giant African Land Snail was detected in 2011 in Miami-Dade and an eradication effort is in progress.

II. RESULTS AND BENEFITS EXPECTED

Survey and potential detection of these pests would provide the following benefits: potential eradication or containment of pest populations; prevention of the spread of these pests in and out of

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Florida; increased awareness of exotic pests; and protection of the vast natural and agricultural resources of Florida and the United States.

III. APPROACH

A. The Cooperator and APHIS mutually agree to/that:

v. Maintain a State Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey Committee that will meet at least once a year to discuss fostering the goals of CAPS. vi. Work together in carrying out field surveys, trapping, and data collection, setting emphasis on pests and diseases particularly identified that may pose an immediate risk to the agriculture of Florida and the United States. vii. Have representation at national and/or regional annual planning meetings. viii. Utilize Cooperator and APHIS program funding, as outlined in the Financial Plan, within the authorized parameters to support survey and detection activities. In addition, specific appropriated funding in the level authorized by the PPQ Eastern Region will be dedicated to the delivery of CAPS objectives listed above.

B. The Cooperator will:

i. Establish the following surveys:

Pheromone-baited bucket traps will be established at 15 sites throughout the cotton growing areas of Florida to monitor for Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera littoralis, and Spodoptera litura. Traps will be deployed to correspond with the cotton-growing season in Florida. Samples will be collected and pheromone lures and preservative will be replaced as instructed by the CAPS approved methods. Visual surveys will be carried out for Oxycarenus hyalinipennis, Achatina fulica and Monacha spp. at each trap servicing for each site.

ii. Provide the following resources:

1. The State Survey Coordinator will be responsible for coordinating survey efforts, maintaining survey data, providing reports, and uploading data to the NAPIS or appropriate database. FDACS personnel will conduct survey activities in the field. d. All personnel are currently employed by FDACS. e. No new employees will need to be hired. f. All positions are paid positions.

2. Type of equipment provided by Cooperator for personnel: N/A

4. Vehicles for Cooperator personnel in conducting field surveys and collecting data.

5. Supplies:

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d. Trapping supplies for field surveys will include 45 bucket traps (15 traps/species of pest listed) and approximately 400 pheromone lures. Traps and lures will be supplied by USDA-APHIS-PPQ. e. No special supplies are needed. f. Supplies will be procured using standard State of Florida procurement methods.

6. Contractual needs - none.

iv. Adhere to APHIS ADP security guidelines as referenced in the Notice of Award when entering pest survey data and transmitting it to NAPIS or appropriate database.

C. APHIS will:

iv. Provide any new information that becomes available on Old World bollworm - Helicoverpa armigera, Egyptian Cottonworm – Spodoptera littoralis, Cotton Cutworm – Spodoptera litura, Cotton Seed Bug – Oxycarenus hyalinipennis, Giant African Land Snail- Achatina fulica, and Helicid Snail- Monacha spp. v. Provide the following resources: funds to the Cooperator to cover costs outlined in the Financial Plan. In addition, specific appropriated funding in the level authorized by the APHIS Eastern Region will be dedicated to the delivery of CAPS objectives listed above. vi. Make arrangements for taxonomic support in identification of pests.

D. No other parties will participate in this survey.

IV. QUANTITATIVE PROJECTION OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO BE ACHIEVED

Traps for H. armigera and S. littoralis and S. litura will be established at 15 sites resulting in approximately 480 collections. Visually surveys will be carried out for Oxycarenus hyalinipennis, Achatina fulica and Monacha spp. at each trap servicing for each site and could result in approximately 10 collections for further diagnosis

V. DATA COLLECTION AND MAINTENANCE

F. Survey data, which will include all pertinent NAPIS or IPHIS fields, will be delivered directly to the SSC from the field staff conducting the surveys. All appropriate survey data from this survey will be entered into the either NAPIS or IPHIS as directed by the CAPS committee. The first record for the state and/or a county will be entered with 48 hours of confirmation of identification by a qualified identifier. All other required records, both positive and negative, will be entered within two weeks of confirmation. All records will be entered into the NAPIS or appropriate database by December 1, 2013 for their inclusion in the yearly Plant Board report.

G. The kinds of data that will be collected are: presence or absence of pests; survey methods; survey dates; and GPS coordinates (decimal degrees).

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H. The data will be maintained in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet present on the FDACS network.

I. Criteria to evaluate the project:

i. Results: Surveys conducted and data collected as described above. ii. Successes: All data entered into NAPIS or appropriate database by year end.

J. Methodology used to determine if:

i. Identified needs are met: Check all data is in database. ii. Results and benefits achieved: Review data and use for planning further surveys and potential outreach efforts.

VI. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF PROJECT

D. Surveys will be conducted in Commercial counties such as Escambia, Calhoun, Sumter, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton and other counties with non cultivated cotton. E. Surveys will be conducted in non cultivated cotton and commercial fields. F. No geographic features are expected to have an impact on the project or activities.

VII. TAXONOMIC SUPPORT

E. Identifications of H. armigera, S.littoralis, S. litura, and Oxycarenus hyalinipennis will be done by Julieta Brambila, Entomological Identifier for USDA Eastern Region, Dr. James Hayden and or Dr. Susan Halbert (DPI – FDACS); all pathogen will be processed by DPI plant pathology section staff F. This survey will be conducted between January 1 and December 31, 2013. G. This survey will involve 15 sites with no less than 15 traps for each pest listed. H. An approximate total of 480 collections will result from trapping and up to 10 samples will be collected as a result of visual surveys at these sites.

XI) SIGNATURES

______State Plant Regulatory Official Date ADODR Date

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