DOCSLIB.ORG

The Demography of Adaptation to Climate Change

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Demography of Adaptation to Climate Change A needed upgrade in planning for The Demography of Adaptation to Climate Change adaptation to climate change The Demography A flurry of extreme weather events, together with projections that grow more somber with every new scientific advance, of Adaptation to have dramatically highlighted the need to respond more effectively to the threats already upon humankind. In the midst of a rapidly expanding global adaptation agenda, it is Climate Change of primary importance to get adaptation and its constituent parts right, in order to generate the most appropriate and effective interventions. Reacting to events after they occur is no longer sufficient; we increasingly need to anticipate and reduce the suffering and the enormously damaging impacts coming events will cause. This book addresses a major gap in adaptation efforts to date by pointing to the vital role that an understanding of population dynamics and an extensive use of demographic data have in developing pre-emptive and effective adaptation policies and practices. Politics and an oversimplified understanding of demographic dynamics have long kept population issues out of serious discussions in the framework of climate negotiations. Within adaptation actions, however, this is beginning to change, and this volume is intended to provide a framework for taking that change forward, towards better, more evidence-based adaptation. It provides key concepts linking demography and adaptation, data foundations and techniques for analyzing climate vulnerability, as well as case studies where these concepts and analyses illuminate who is vulnerable and how to help build their resilience. International Institute for Environment and Environment Development International Environment and Institute Development fo r ISBN: 978-0-89714-001-0 International Sales no: E.13.III.H.2 Institute for Environment and Development The Demography of Adaptation to Climate Change The Demography of Adaptation to Climate Change International Institute for Environment and Development EDITORIAL TEAM George Martine and Daniel Schensul This book should be cited as: Martine, George and Daniel Schensul (eds.) 2013. The Demography of Adaptation to Climate Change. New York, London and Mexico City: UNFPA, IIED and El Colegio de México. COORDINATION José Miguel Guzmán DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this book do not necessarily represent those of UNFPA, IIED or El Colegio de México. Cover design by Gisela Martine and Prographics, Inc Cover photo: ©Marlene Bergamo/Folhapress Copyright ©UNFPA, IIED and El Colegio de México, 2013 ISBN: 978-0-89714-001-0 UN Sales Number: E.13.III.H.2 iv THE DEMOGRAPHY OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE Acknowledgements This book emerged from the results of an expert group meeting held in at El Colegio de México in Mexico City, October 2010, entitled “Population Dynamics and Climate Change II: Building for Adaptation.” The meeting was organized by UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund, IIED, the International Institute for Environment and Development and El Colegio de México. Support and contributions were provided by a wide range of international and national institutions, including UN-HABITAT, IOM, UNDP, ECLAC, UNIFEM, Population Division, UN/DESA, UNITAR, World Bank, Mexico’s Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Consejo Nacional de Población, Instituto Nacional de Ecología, Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, and the Sociedad Mexicana de Demografía. This book has been realized with the support of the Government of Luxembourg through the project on Demographic Evolutions. We would like to thank Phyllis Brachman for editorial work that significantly improved each of the papers and the book as a whole. Guillermina Herrera of El Colegio de México provided extensive support in the organization of the meeting in 2010, and Madeleine Sacco provided invaluable administrative assistance in the preparation of the book. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................v Foreword .........................................................x About the Authors .................................................xii Introduction.......................................................xv George Martine and Daniel Schensul Section 1: Population Dynamics and Adaptation: Key Concepts and Perspectives 1. Populating Adaptation: Incorporating Population Dynamics in Climate Change Adaptation Policy and Practice . 1 Daniel Schensul and David Dodman 2. Fair and Effective Responses to Urbanization and Climate Change: Tapping Synergies and Avoiding Exclusionary Policies ............... 24 Gordon McGranahan, Deborah Balk, George Martine and Cecilia Tacoli 3. Migration as a Response to Local and Global Transformations: A Typology of Mobility in the Context of Climate Change ........... 41 Cecilia Tacoli Section 2: Population Data for Adaptation: Sources and Methodologies 4. Understanding Vulnerability and Adaptation Using Census Data ...... 55 José Miguel Guzmán, Daniel Schensul and Sainan Zhang 5. Harnessing Census Data for Environment and Climate Change Analysis 74 Deborah Balk, José Miguel Guzmán and Daniel Schensul 6. Using Household Surveys in Climate Vulnerability and Adaptation Analysis ........................................... 96 Landy Sanchez Peña and Regina Fuchs Section 3: The Planning and Practice of Adaptation 7. Adapting Urban Settlements to Climate Change: Local Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity in the Urban Areas of Malawi ............... 115 Daniel Schensul, David Mkwambisi, Sainan Zhang, David Dodman, Thomas Munthali and Dunstan Matekenya CONTENTS vii 8. The Challenges of Adaptation in an Early but Unassisted Urban Transition ............................................ 138 George Martine and Ricardo Ojima 9. Planning for Adaptation in a Megacity: A Case Study of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area ........................................... 158 Boris Graizbord List of Boxes 7.1: Climate Change Impacts in Malawi ............................. 121 7.2: The City of Blantyre ......................................... 127 7.3: The City of Mzuzu .......................................... 130 List of Figures 1.1: IPCC Schematic Diagram Linking Drivers, Impacts and Responses to Climate Change ............................................. 2 1.2: Bacon Poblacion, Sorsogon, Philippines .......................... 12 1.3: Resilience Framework ......................................... 15 4.1: Layers of Vulnerabilities/Adaptive Capacity ........................ 57 5.1: Provincial Boundaries, Overlaid by the 10m Low Elevation Coastal Zone, Viet Nam ....................................... 82 5.2: Provincial and Commune Boundaries, Overlaid by the 10m Low Elevation Coastal Zone, Viet Nam ........................... 83 5.3: Per Cent Difference in Estimates of Population Exposure to the LECZ: Province and Commune-level Estimation Compared ................ 84 6.1: Household Surveys and Vulnerability Analysis ..................... 98 6.2: Education Distribution by Age in India and Mexico ................ 102 6.3: Labour and Asset Income by Age and Education in India and Mexico .. 103 6.4: Income Structure in Mexican Rural Households by State ............ 106 6.5: Variation in Budget Shares across Regions and Rural/Urban Residence .. 108 7.1: Study Sites in Malawi ........................................ 118 7.2: Population Density in Lilongwe ................................ 124 7.3: STI in Lilongwe ............................................. 125 7.4: Proportion of Households with Improved Toilets, Blantyre........... 128 8.1: Number of Urban Inhabitants, Africa, Asia and LAC (in billions) 2010-2050 .................................................. 140 8.2: Flooding and Devastation in Cities near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Photos 1 and 2 .............................................. 144 8.3: Proportion of All Households Having Inadequate Sanitation by Size of Municipalities, Brazil, 1991-2010 ....................... 146 viii THE DEMOGRAPHY OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE 8.4: Distribution of Urban Population by City-Size Class, Brazil, 1950-2010 .................................................. 149 8.5: Proportion of the Metropolitan Population Residing in Peripheral Municipalities, 15 Brazilian Metropolitan Areas, 1991-2010 . 150 8.6: Percentage of Households Linked to Sewage Networks in Central and Peripheral Areas of Metropolitan Regions, Brazil, 2010 ... 151 9.1: Urban Growth in the Valley of Mexico, 1950-2010 ................. 160 9.2: Housing and Population Vulnerability Matrix ..................... 166 9.3: MCMA: Spatial Distribution of Vulnerability ..................... 166 9.4: Vulnerable Population and Dwellings in AGEBs Exposed to Heavy Rain ....................................... 168 9.5: Vulnerable Population and Dwellings in Areas of Hill Slopes 15o or More ....................................... 169 9.6: Vulnerable Population and Dwellings Affected by Heat Waves ....... 170 List of Tables 4.1: Examples of Indicators of Adaptive Capacity by Layer and Type........ 65 5.1: Province-level Summary of Mis-estimation of the Population Living within a Low Elevation Coastal Zone: A Comparison of Scale-dependent Estimates ....................... 86 6.1: Common Variables in IEHS and Their Relationship to Vulnerability... 105 7.1: Population Projection for Main Urban Centres in Malawi ........... 119 7.2: Resident Total Population and Migration ......................... 120 7.3: Selected Socioeconomic and Adaptive Capacity Indicators: Urban
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE NEW GENERAL LAW on CLIMATE CHANGE in MEXICO Leading National Action to Transition to a Green Economy
    A LEGAL WORKING BRIEF ON THE NEW GENERAL LAW ON CLIMATE CHANGE IN MEXICO Leading National Action to Transition to a Green Economy EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Mexico passed the General Law on Climate Change on April 19, 2012, establishing a new leading global legal best practice to address climate change. Mexico has become the second country, after the United Kingdom, to set out a regulatory framework that comprehensively addresses climate change through a committed multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder approach. Importantly, this Law removes the challenge of addressing climate change from the whims of political parties and electoral cycles, and declares it to be a long-term priority of the Mexican State with innovative new legal tools and institutions created to meet this challenge. The provisions of the General Law incorporate recommendations of the two national studies completed by IDLO in 2011, the world’s first Legal Preparedness for Climate Change Assessment Report and a Country Study on Legal Preparedness for REDD+ in Mexico. ‘Addressing climate change is removed from the whims of electoral cycles and declared a long- term priority of the Mexican State‘ The key leading features of the General Law on Climate Change include: Fulfillment of International Commitments: The drafting of this new legislation presents a clear alignment with safeguards for REDD+ activities that are contained in paragraph 70 and Annex 1 of the Cancun Agreements, as well as with additional guidance in the COP 17 Durban Outcomes. It also conforms to criteria, definitions, mechanisms and commitments in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol, and criteria established by other international organizations such as FAO, on the issue of climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • River Restoration for Climate Change Adaptation (RIOS)
    River Restoration for Climate Change Adaptation (RIOS) | Mexico FMCN 22 October 2019 Project/Programme title: River Restoration for Climate Change Adaptation (RIOS) Country(ies): Mexico National Designated Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (SHCP) Authority(ies) (NDA): Executing Entities: Fund for the Gulf of Mexico (FGM), Northwest Fund (FONNOR) Accredited Entity(ies) (AE): Fondo Mexicano para la Conservación de la Naturaleza A.C. Date of first submission/ 10/21/2019 V.1 version number: Date of current submission/ 2/18/2020 V.2 version number A. Project / Programme Information (max. 1 page) ☒ Project ☒ Public sector A.2. Public or A.1. Project or programme A.3 RFP Not applicable private sector ☐ Programme ☐ Private sector Mitigation: Reduced emissions from: ☐ Energy access and power generation: 0% ☐ Low emission transport: 0% ☐ Buildings, cities and industries and appliances: 0% A.4. Indicate the result ☒ Forestry and land use: 10% areas for the project/programme Adaptation: Increased resilience of: ☒ Most vulnerable people and communities: 20% ☐ Health and well-being, and food and water security: 0% ☐ Infrastructure and built environment: 0% ☒ Ecosystem and ecosystem services: 70% A.5.1. Estimated mitigation impact 2,568,000 tCO2eq (tCO2eq over project lifespan) A.5.2. Estimated adaptation impact 63,294 direct beneficiaries (number of direct beneficiaries) A.5. Impact potential A.5.3. Estimated adaptation impact 865,634 indirect beneficiaries (number of indirect beneficiaries) A.5.4. Estimated adaptation impact 0.67% of the country’s total population (% of total population) A.6. Financing information A.6.1. Indicative GCF funding requested (max Amount: 9,000,000 Currency: USD Financial Instrument: Grants 10M) A.6.2.
    [Show full text]
  • MEXICO CITY CLIMATE Actionprogram 2008-2012 SUMMARY
    MEXICO CITY CLIMATE ACTIONProgram 2008-2012 SUMMARY S ECRETARÍA DEL M EDIO A MBIENTE G OBIERNO DEL D ISTRITO F EDERAL MEXICO CITY CLIMATE AProgramCTION2008-2012 SUMMARY MARCELO EBRARD CASAUBON JEFE DE GOBIERNO DEL DISTRITO FEDERAL MARTHA DELGADO PERALTA SECRETARIA DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE DEL DISTRITO FEDERAL ADOLFO MEJÍA PONCE DE LEÓN DIRECTOR GENERAL DE PLANEACIÓN Y COORDINACIÓN DE POLÍTICAS MEXICO CITY CLIMATE ACTION PROGRAM 2008-2012/SUMMARY PROGRAMA DE ACCIÓN CLIMÁTICA DE LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO 2008-2012/RESUMEN Integración del resumen y cuidado de la edición: Óscar Vázquez Martínez, Beatriz del Valle Cárdenas, Samuel Salinas Álvarez. Traducción: Carolina Clark Sandoval Primera edición: 2008 © Secretaría del Medio Ambiente del Distrito Federal Plaza de la Constitución No. 1, 3er piso, Colonia Centro Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Código postal: 06068 www.sma.df.gob.mx LA ELABORACIÓN DE ESTE PROGRAMA DE ACCIÓN CLIMÁTICA DE LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO Y SU IMPRESIÓN HAN SIDO POSIBLES GRACIAS A LA ASISTENCIA DEL BANCO MUNDIAL 4 Introduction Mexico City’s efforts in the field of climate change are consis- tent with measures in favor of the environment and represent a commitment to the inhabitants of our city and, above all, a responsible course of action in relation to the future genera- tions of the world. Climate change is one of the major challenges facing humanity today; this is true for many reasons. The increasingly evident modification of the planet’s climate takes the form of exceptional events such as drought, heavy rain, and the accelerated loss of ice at the poles and on the moun- tains. Climate change is the result of human activity, specifically of the intensive utilization of fossil fuels and the destruction and loss of huge tracts of jungle and forest land.
    [Show full text]
  • Water and Climate Change in Mexico 2007-2012. Analysis and Future
    Water and Climate Change in Mexico 2007-2012 Analysis and Future Recommendations Colin A. Herron With the support of: Final version Mexico City, January 2013 DISCLAIMER The opinions, concepts and recommendations expressed in the present report should be considered as those of the consultant and are not necessarily those of the National Water Commission of Mexico (Conagua) or the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Any mention or reference of products contained in the present report should not be construed as their endorsement by the Conagua or the WMO. The cover illustration is a Wordle (www.wordle.net) made up of some of the key words used in this document. The size of the word in this illustration indicates the number of times it is referred to among these key words. Except for the following cases, all the photos, cartoons and illustrations used in this publication are the property of the Conagua or self-produced by the author, and their use has been authorized for the purpose of this publication. The exceptions, which are posted by kind permission, are: Page 16. Courtesy of Alex Simalabwi, Global Water Partnership (GWP). Page 17. Courtesy of Diplo’s Climate Change Community (http://climate.diplomacy.edu/) Page 18. Courtesy of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Mexico. Page 26. Courtesy of Nick Kim. Page 36. Courtesy of Union of Concerned Scientists/Raúl de la Nuez (www.ucsusa.org). Page 39. Courtesy of the Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA), 2010. Page 47. Courtesy of Castalia Advisors. Page 51. Courtesy of Shirley Saénz, The Nature Conservancy (TNC). Page 52.
    [Show full text]
  • What Do We Learn from the Weather? the New Climate-Economy Literature*
    Forthcoming, Journal of Economic Literature What Do We Learn from the Weather? The New Climate-Economy Literature* Melissa Dell Benjamin F. Jones Benjamin A. Olken Harvard University Northwestern University MIT October 2013 ABSTRACT A rapidly growing body of research applies panel methods to examine how temperature, precipitation, and windstorms influence economic outcomes. These studies focus on changes in weather realizations over time within a given spatial area and demonstrate impacts on agricultural output, industrial output, labor productivity, energy demand, health, conflict, and economic growth among other outcomes. By harnessing exogenous variation over time within a given spatial unit, these studies help credibly identify (i) the breadth of channels linking weather and the economy, (ii) heterogeneous treatment effects across different types of locations, and (iii) non-linear effects of weather variables. This paper reviews the new literature with two purposes. First, we summarize recent work, providing a guide to its methodologies, data sets, and findings. Second, we consider applications of the new literature, including insights for the “damage function” within models that seek to assess the potential economic effects of future climate change. * We thank Marshall Burke, Janet Currie, Michael Greenstone, Solomon Hsiang, Elizabeth Moyer, Robert Pindyck, Richard Schmalensee, Susan Solomon, and 5 anonymous referees for helpful comments. Contacts: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]. 1 Introduction
    [Show full text]
  • MEXICO Country Note on Climate Change Aspects in Agriculture
    December, 2009 www.worldbank.org/lacagccnotes Public Disclosure Authorized MEXICO Country Note on Climate Change Aspects in Agriculture This Country Note briefly summarizes information relevant to both climate change and agriculture in Mexico, with focus on policy developments (including action plans and programs) and institutional make-up. Contribution of agriculture (without LUCF) to the economy and to emissions in LAC countries Percent of GHG emissions in CO2 (size of bubble in MTCO2 of LUCF emissions; axes cross at LAC average) equivalent, by sector (2000) Public Disclosure Authorized Source: World Resources Institute http://cait.wri.org Land use (2005) Public Disclosure Authorized Contribution of agriculture to the economy and of LUCF to emissions in LAC countries (size of bubble in MTCO2 of LUCF emissions; axes cross at LAC average) Source: World Development Indicators Vulnerability Indicators Latin America Mexico Public Disclosure Authorized Note: Employment in agriculture (% of total employment)*; Rainfed cropland (% of total cropland)*; Gini*; Water usage in agriculture (% of total annual fresh water withdrawals)*; Note: In the first bubble graph, the total emissions for Uruguay do not account for the positive effects of LUCF Uninsured cropland (% of total cultivated land area)**; Soil (i.e. afforestation efforts). If they are considered, agriculture represents 222% of total emissions. Because of degradation (% of total land)***; Risk of extreme weather afforestation efforts in Uruguay and Chile, land use change and forestry (LUCF) is not a net contributor to events (index; annual average 1997-2006)**** emissions; hence the countries do not appear in the second bubble graph, but are considered in the calculation of the average in the vertical axis.
    [Show full text]
  • Adapting to Climate Change in Mountain Cities: Lessons from Xalapa, Mexico
    ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN MOUNTAIN CITIES: LESSONS FROM XALAPA, MEXICO Arturo Balderas Torres, Sergio Angón Rodríguez, Andrew Sudmant and Andy Gouldson Summary CONTENTS Many cities are located in areas that are vulnerable Summary 1 to climate change, and their capacities to promote Highlights 3 adaptation and to transition towards climate resilience are often underdeveloped. Mountainous areas, which 1. The challenge: Adaptation to climate account for 25% of the global landmass and are home change in vulnerable urban environments 5 to nearly a billion people, are particularly vulnerable to 2. Methodology 7 a range of climate risks, including more frequent and intense hydrometeorological events, including floods. 3. The policy context 8 This policy brief describes the evolution of local climate 4. The case study: Xalapa 12 adaptation processes, policies and actions in Xalapa, 5. Policy recommendations 23 Mexico. By directing the implementation of a diverse set of adaptation strategies, this case study shows how the 6. Conclusions 27 institutionalisation of local climate policies can foster Endnotes 28 incremental and more ambitious action over time. Different projects and policies explored include solutions based on green infrastructure and nature-based solutions (e.g. silvo- pastoral production and forest conservation, urban food gardens, infiltration pathways, natural wetland recovery), grey infrastructure (e.g. rainwater district drainage collection), changes in governance and institutional arrangements (such as urban planning regulations), and the promotion of new community-based approaches (e.g. the deployment of small-scale water collection tanks). Coalition for Urban Transitions ABOUT THIS POLICY BRIEF c/o World Resources Institute 10 G St NE This policy brief was prepared by the University of Leeds.
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Policy, Climate Change and Food Security in Mexico
    Food Policy 1994 19 (2) 149-164 Agricultural policy, climate change and food security in Mexico Kirsten Appendini Centro de Estudios Economicos, El Colegio de M&co, Camino Al Ajusco 20, Mexico 01000, Mexico Diana Liverman Department of Geography, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA This paper describes bow variations in agricultural policy and climatic conditions have influenced maize production and food security in 2Oth-century Mexico. We describe the Mexican food system today and how economic policy has influenced food output in efforts to attain food security based on the goal of national self-sufficiency. We examine the impact of climate variability on agricultural production; the ways in which agricultural policy has interacted with climate to change vulnerability to environmental and social change and the implications of global warming for the future of Mexican agriculture. Finally, we discuss the implications of the changing economic environment as Mexico has opened its economy - for example, through the North American Free Trade Agreement. Our goal is to provide a context for thinking about the implications of two types of global change for Mexico - the internationalization of economies and the widespread transformation of the environment. Keywords: Mexico, Climate Change, Agricultural Policy As Mexico moves towards more open markets in agricultural trade, land, and water with the reprivatization of land and the initiation of a North American Free Trade Agreement, the Mexican people are facing an uncertain economic future. Food production in Mexico has always been constrained by low rainfall and at risk from frequent droughts, and is now threatened by climatic changes associated with global warming and regional land use transformation.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Climate Politics in Mexico in a North American Perspective Simone
    Climate Politics in Mexico in a North American Perspective Simone Pulver Watson Institute for International Studies Brown University 111 Thayer Street, Box 1970 Providence, RI 02912 [email protected] Presented at Climate Change Politics in North America Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Washington, DC May 18-19, 2006 Revised version submitted June 19, 2006 1 Introduction The evolution of climate politics in North America has been central to shaping the course of climate action at the international level. The federal, state and even city-level climate policy decisions of the United States—the largest historical and per capita emitter of greenhouse gases—have both significant bio-physical and political consequences. Likewise, Canada, through its 2002 decision to ratify the Kyoto Protocol and its more recent acknowledgment that it will not be able to meet its Kyoto target, is playing an active role in first bolstering and then weakening the Kyoto regime. As a result of the prominent role played by its Northern neighbors, climate policy in Mexico is often overlooked. The premise for this briefing paper is that Mexico’s political prominence in the climate arena is sure to increase over the next decades. First, regardless of the future of the Kyoto regime, international climate policy is likely move in the direction of binding greenhouse gas emissions reductions targets for developing countries. As the only two members of the OECD that did not take on targets under the Kyoto Protocol, Mexico and South Korea will be at the forefront of negotiations regarding developing country targets. Second, while the Mexico case is certainly not representative of all developing countries, understanding the dynamics of climate politics in Mexico can be a first step to building of base of knowledge of climate politics in non- Annex 1 countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Brazil and Mexico in Climate Change Negotiations from Kyoto to Copenhagen Patricio Yamin (IDICSO/USAL)
    Status Matters: Brazil and Mexico in Climate Change negotiations from Kyoto to Copenhagen Patricio Yamin (IDICSO/USAL) Abstract Climate change is one of the most challenging situations that the international community faces nowadays, since tackling the problem involves a transnational action coordinating policies between developed and developing countries. Within this framework, the present work will be focused on the role of Brazil and Mexico in negotiations during the Conferences of the Parties held in Kyoto and Copenhagen in 1997 and 2009, respectively. It will be argued that material explanations cannot fully address the behavior of the actors and, therefore, an ideational perspective is needed. It will be asserted that the international status, as a socially constructed position within the international system, is influencing the behavior of the states in multilateral negotiations. In order to perform the present analysis, status will be considered as a twofold concept. On the one hand, the position of the actor vis-à-vis other actors would deal with the level of leadership of the country in global politics. In this regard, leading states are expected to have an active participation in negotiations. On the other, the position vis-à-vis environmental norms and values will determine the level of supportiveness to the adoption of legally binding commitments: environmentally concerned states would favor the emergence of stronger regimes. Introduction Global warming is one of the most relevant and complex problems that the international community currently faces: still far from being solved, its negative consequences have grown extraordinarily fast (IPCC, 2007). Moreover, it poses a global challenge in terms of collective action problems, due to its transnational nature.
    [Show full text]
  • From Climate Data to Climate Action, Data- Driven Projects in Mexico with Grant Support From
    From Climate Data to Climate Action, Data- Driven Projects in Mexico With grant support from ICLEI Case Studies February 2021 Introduction Local governments are increasingly developing policies and programs designed to adapt, Facts & Figures mitigate, and become resilient to climate change. Growing commitments and engagement in Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara climate governance generate new dimensions of monitoring and evaluating climate action. Thus, Population (2020) there are new sources and uses for data to support 5,268,642 [3] local and regional climate action strategies and Area data-driven decision-making. Greenhouse gas 2 (GHG) emission inventories, mitigation targets, 3,265 km [17] risk and vulnerability assessments on global GHG Emissions (2016) data platforms are some examples of how data is 16.1 Mt CO e [17] increasingly seen as a core component of effective 2 climate change policy and planning from local governments. Metropolitan Area of Monterrey This case study explores how two data-driven projects use local data and data-driven platforms Population (2020) to support climate planning and action. The project 5,341,171 [3] “Use of the EIE platform to build intelligent cities that promote the generation of homologated Area 2 climate actions plans in the Monterrey 6,794 km [18] Metropolitan Area (MMA)” showcases how climate- related data can support climate planning and monitoring by providing robust greenhouse gas 1 Figure 1 – Map of Mexico, National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) [3] (GHG) reduction estimates. The project “Public Background Infrastructure Prototypes (PIP) for a City of the Future” implemented in the Guadalajara Mexico is located in North America in the Metropolitan Area (AMG) demonstrates how intertropical and temperate zones and has an data measurements can be transformed area of 1.96 million km² with a population of 126 into knowledge to support climate action, million (2020) [9].
    [Show full text]
  • Special Climate Change Program
    Special Climate Change Program 2014-2018 Special Climate Change Program 2014-2018 Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources Under Ministry of Planning and Environmental Policy General Direction of Climate Change Policy Blvd. Adolfo Ruiz Cortines 4209 Jardines en la Montaña, Tlalpan C.P. 14210, Mexico, D.F. www.semarnat.gob.mx First Edition: november 2014 Printed and made in Mexico Cite as: Special Climate Change Program 2014-2018 (SCCP 2014-2018) Mexico: Federal Government of Mexico Free copy. Not for sale. Disclaimer: The official Spanish version of the Special Climate Change Program 2014-2018 is available at: http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5342492&fecha=28/04/2014 This document is the translation of: “Versión de Difusión del Programa Especial de Cambio Climático 2014-2018 (PECC 2014-2018)” Inter-ministerial Commission on Climate Change (IMCC) Enrique Peña Nieto President of the United Mexican States Miguel Ángel Osorio Chong Juan José Guerra Abud Minister of the Interior Minister of Enviornment and Natural Resources President of the IMCC Technical Secretary of the IMCC José Antonio Meade Kuribreña Vidal Francisco Soberón Sanz Minister of Foreign Affairs Minister of the Navy Luis Videgaray Caso Rosario Robles Berlanga Minister of Finance and Public Credit Minister of Social Development Pedro Joaquín Coldwell Ildefonso Guajardo Villarreal Minister of Energy Minister of Economy Enrique Martínez y Martínez Gerardo Ruiz Esparza Minister of Agriculture, Livestock, Minister of Communications and Transportation Rural Development, Fisheries and Food Emilio Chuayffet Chemor Mercedes Juan López Minister of Public Education Minister of Health Claudia Ruiz Massieu Salinas Jorge Carlos Ramírez Marín Minister of Tourism Minister of Agricultural, Territorial and Urban Development Climate Change Council José Mario Molina Pasquel y Henríquez President Juan Carlos Belausteguigoitia Rius Secretary Gustavo Alanís Ortega Rubén Barocio Ramírez General Director of the Mexican Coordinator of Environmental Topics Center of Environmental Rights, A.C.
    [Show full text]