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Diagnostico Invertebrados SUMÁRIO 7.8.2.4 Macrofauna de Invertebrados Terrestres.............................................................. 483 7.8.2.4.1 Besouros Gorgulhos de Flores de Palmeiras – Relevância como Indicadores.... 484 7.8.2.4.2 Comunidades de Gafanhotos Semi-aquáticos – Relevância como Indicadores .. 523 7.8.2.4.3 Vespas Sociais (Vespidae: Polistinae).................................................................. 550 7.8.2.4.4 Abelhas de Orquídeas (Apidae: Euglossina) ....................................................... 570 7.8.2.4.5 Mosquitos Simulídeos – Relevância como Indicadores ...................................... 574 7.8.2.4.6 Composição e Riqueza de Insetos Terrestres Capturados com Armadilhas Malaise ................................................................................................................ 591 7.8.2.4.7 Hábitos Alimentares dos Insetos nas Fases Imatura e Adulta.............................. 599 7.8.2.5 Insetos Hematófagos Alados, Vetores de Organismos Causadores de Doenças em Humanos.............................................................................................................. 605 7.8.2.5.1 Metodologia......................................................................................................... 611 7.8.2.5.2 Resultados............................................................................................................ 617 7.8.2.5.3 Análise dos Resultados........................................................................................ 625 LISTA DE FIGURAS FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 1 - Pontos de Amostragem dos Curculionídeos.........................................489 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 2 - Etiqueta padrão que foram utilizadas neste estudo. .............................490 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 3 Curvas de rarefação de espécies de Curculionidae em inflorescências de seis espécies de palmeiras estudadas na área do empreendimento: A) A. gynacanthum . B) A. vulgare . C) A. maripa . D) B. brongniartii . E) E. oleracea . F) S. cocoides ....................1 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 4 – Curva de rarefação de espécies de Curculionidae nas nove localidades da área de estudo do empreendimento............................................................................515 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 5 – Curva de rarefação de espécies de Curculionidade nos períodos hidrológicos (seco, enchente e cheio) na área de estudo do empreendimento. ..............521 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 6 - Pontos de coleta de Orthoptera – Acridoidea (gafanhotos semi-aquáticos e terrestres) na região do Médio – Baixo Rio Xingu......................................................530 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 7 – Aspecto das macrófitas aquáticas Scyrpus SP. (A). Paspalum SP. (B) e Eichornia crassipes (C) em fase terrestres fixadas ao solo (1ª campanha)....................534 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 8 – Aspecto das macrófitas aquáticas Eichhornia crassipes e Salvinia auriculata no início da fase emersa (2ª campanha de campo). .....................................535 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 9 - Espécies de gafanhotos semi-aquáticos em suas respectivas macrófitas aquáticas hospedeiras: (A) Stenacris xanthochlora (Acrididae) em Eleocharis sellowiana (Junco- manso) e (B) Cornops aquaticum (Acrididae) em Eichhornia crassipes (Aguapé). ........................................................................................................................535 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 10 - Riqueza de espécies de gafanhotos terrestres coletados nas trilhas das áreas A1, A2 e A 3 no Médio – Baixo Rio Xingu entre Novembro/2007 e Agosto/2008. ........................................................................................................................................542 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 11 - Aspecto da trilha Itapuama na área A1MD da AID Belo Monte no Médio – Baixo Rio Xingu. .............................................................................................543 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 12 - Rarefação de espécies de gafanhotos terrestres coletados nas trilhas das áreas A1, A2 e A 3 no Médio – Baixo Rio Xingu..........................................................544 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 13 - Curva acumulativa de espécies de gafanhotos (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) coletados na região do Médio – Baixo Xingu ................................................................545 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 14 – Esquema das áreas de coleta de vespas sociais na região do AHE Belo Monte, apresentando informações sobre a riqueza observada (spp: espécies e gen.: 6365-EIA-G90-001b cdlxxix Leme Engenharia Ltda gêneros), esforço de coleta em dias de busca e de uso de armadilhas Malaise, e incremento em espécies obtido na última das três expedições, realizadas entre novembro de 2007 e agosto de 2008. ..............................................................................................567 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 15 - Pontos de Amostragem de Simulídeos...............................................579 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 16 – Larvas e pupas de S. guianense s1 em substratos: A – Podostemaceae; B – folha em decomposição (Fotos: Ana Nunes, nov.07). .............................................580 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 17 – Esforço amostral desenvolvido: A - Área Diretamente Afetada (ADA) e Áreas de Influência Direta (AID) Indireta (AII); B - Separado por macrohábitats.....581 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 18 – Curva de acumulação dos índices da estimativa da riqueza das espécies de simulídeos por número de amostras obtidas na Área Diretamente Afetada e nas Áreas de Influência Direta e Indireta do projeto do AHE Belo Monte.....................................582 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 19 – Pontos de amostragem Insetos Terrestres Capturados com Armadilhas Malaise ...........................................................................................................................593 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 20 - Diversidade de insetos coletados com armadilhas malaise e suspensa em floresta de várzea, na Ilha Taboca. A: ordens; B: famílias com maior freqüência. ..595 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 21- Distribuição da freqüência da macrofauna de invertebrados terrestres capturados com armadilhas malaise e suspensa em floresta de terra firme (Catitu). A: ordens; B: famílias com maior freqüência......................................................................596 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 22 – Distribuição da freqüência da macrofauna de invertebrados terrestres capturados com armadilhas malaise e suspensa em mata secundária, na localidade do Arroz Cru. A: ordens; B: famílias de maior freqüência..................................................597 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 23 - Diversidade de insetos coletados com armadilhas malaise e suspensa em floresta de terra firme (Tucum). A: ordens; e B: famílias de maior freqüência........598 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 24 - Hábitos alimentares de insetos adultos coletados em mata de várzea, na Ilha Taboca. A: coleta com armadilha pitfall; B: coleta com armadilhas malaise e suspensa. Car: Carnívoro; Fit: Fitófago; Hem: Hematófago; Her: Herbívoro; Oní: Onívoro; Par: Parasita; Sap: Saprófago. *Freqüência inferior a 1%. .............................600 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 25 - Hábitos alimentares de insetos adultos coletados em floresta de terra firme (Catitu). A: coleta com armadilha pitfall ; B: coleta com armadilhas Malaise e suspensa. Car: Carnívoro; Fit: Fitófago; Hem: Hematófago; Her: Herbívoro; Oní: Onívoro; Par: Parasita; Sap: Saprófago. *Freqüência inferior a 1% ..............................601 FIGURA 7.8.2.4- 26 - Hábitos alimentares de insetos adultos coletados em floresta de terra firme (Tucum). A: coleta com armadilha pitfall ; B: coleta com armadilhas Malaise e suspensa. Car: Carnívoro; Fit: Fitófago; Hem: Hematófago; Her: Herbívoro; Oní: Onívoro; Par: Parasita; Sap: Saprófago.*Freqüência inferior a 1%. ..............................602 FIGURA 7.8.2.5- 1 - Mapa do estado do Pará com os municípios positivos para espécies de triatomíneos marcados em vermelho..............................................................................608 FIGURA 7.8.2.5- 2 - Mapa com os pontos de captura de mosquitos adultos pelos métodos CDC e CAH e de coleta de formas imaturas..................................................................614 FIGURA 7.8.2.5- 3 - Colocação da armadilha CDC em área de mata...................................615 FIGURA 7.8.2.5- 4 - Captura por atração humana (CAH) de mosquitos adultos por 12 horas (18 às 6 horas). ...............................................................................................................615 FIGURA 7.8.2.5- 5 - Demonstração de coleta de formas imaturas de mosquitos..................617 LISTA DE GRÁFICOS GRAFICO 7.8.2.4- 1 - Curva de acumulação de espécies de Curculionidae coletadas em 92 inflorescências de 12 espécies de palmeiras na área de estudo do empreendimento. ....500 6365-EIA-G90-001b cdlxxx Leme Engenharia Ltda GRAFICO 7.8.2.4- 2- Curva de rarefação de espécies de Curculionidae coletadas em 92 inflorescências de 12 espécies de palmeiras na área de estudo do empreendimento. ....500 GRAFICO 7.8.2.4- 3 – Dendograma da análise de agrupamento hierárquico para similaridade de Bray-Curtis de espécies de Curculionidade coletadas nas localidades de estudo do empreendimento. ............................................................................................................518 LISTA DE QUADROS QUADRO 7.8.2.4- 1 Número de amostras (inflorescências) por localidade de coleta, período hidrológico e espécie de palmeira na área de estudo do empreendimento.....................487 QUADRO 7.8.2.4- 2 Localidades de estudo e respectivas espécies de palmeiras registradas na área de estudo do empreendimento............................................................................492
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