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April 1975 - March 1976

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April 1975 - March 1976 ANNUAL REPORT April 1975 - March 1976 J.M. Gill Warwick Research Unit for the Blind University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL March 1976 Contents Page 1. Introduction 2 2. Present Personnel 3 3. Transcription of Short Documents 3 4. Braille Bank Statements 6 5. Computer and Control Abstracts 7 6. Psychological Abstracts 8 7. Educational Abstracts 8 8. Compositor's Tapes 9 9. International Register of Research 9 10. Braille Automation Newsletter 10 11. Soviet Union 10 12. Funding 10 13. Publications and Reports 12 1. Introduction This first Annual Report has been produced as a general brief survey of the activities of the Research Unit. It is hoped it will prove appropriate for a wide range of readers including those who have generously given financial assistance, advice or lent equipment. Significant progress has been made on techniques for producing braille with particular emphasis on the utilisation of information already in digital form. Close contacts have been maintained with a large section of the visually handicapped community. The last twelve months have been dominated by acute financial problems which have now been resolved in the short term. The Unit was reduced from four to two full-time staff but it can now continue at this size for another year. - 3 - 2. Present Personnel Prof. J.L. Douce part-time supervisor of the Unit Dr. J.M. Gill full-time senior research fellow Mrs. L.C. Wooldridge full-time secretary J.B. Humphreys part-time programmer (6 hours per week) Mrs. P.A. Foxon part-time research assistant (6 hours per week) Students from the Department of Engineering are also involved in specific projects. 3. Transcription of Short Documents Braille readers often have problems in having short documents transcribed quickly into contracted braille. Typical documents are agendas and minutes of meetings, instructions for domestic appliances, local telephone dialling codes, knitting patterns and personal correspondence needed for reference. Typically the number of copies required is from one to six. This project is concerned with investigating the viability of using a computer-based transcription system based on existing technology to provide this personal service. The Sensory Aids Evaluation and Development Center provided the Unit with a copy of DOTSYS III which is a computer program, written in Cobol, to translate text to a good approximation to Grade II American-English braille. The version currently in use at Warwick uses 13k words of store, with initialisation overlaid, and translates at 5000 words per minute to a good approximation to Grade II English braille. The basic system for producing short documents in contracted braille is: (i) A typist, with no computing knowledge, inputs the text on punched cards, paper tape or directly on a visual display unit. Control - 4 - characters, for new paragraph etc., are also added by the typist as she inputs the material (i.e. the text is not annotated by someone else). (ii) A line printer listing of the text is produced in order to proof-read for typing errors. (iii) The text is interactively edited on a visual display unit with a program designed specifically for this purpose. This program has been designed for speed of operation, mini mal computing requirement and for ease of use by operators with no experience of computing. (iv) The text is translated to a good approximation to Grade II standard English Braille, and the translation is stored on magnetic tape. (v) The braille is output on an on-line embosser. Only the translation phase requires extensive central processor time; all other computer operations use less than 1% of the central processor time, and can be time shared with other unrelated programs. The current output of the system is about 30,000 braille cells (circa 30 pages) per day. Allowing for multiple copies, such that on average about two copies of each document are produced, this means that 15,000 braille cells are translated per day, requiring less than one minute of central processor time for translation. It is not envisaged that this output can be increased with existing facilities (particularly staff) since the typist is currently the only full time worker on this project, and she also undertakes all proof reading and routine secretarial duties associated with the project. - 5 - An important feature of the project is the assessment of demand, cost, and achievable service in terms of accepta bility of the quality of the computer produced braille and turn round time. In the first few months of operation the system was undergoing almost continual modification based on informal feedback from the blind subjects which made it impractical to start a formal evaluation programme immediately, but an initial analysis has yielded the following information. The material transcribed can be roughly grouped as: Subject % Domestic 10.4 Leisure 15.4 Religious 2.5 Education 25.4 Employment 29.1 Miscellaneous 17.2 A questionnaire was circulated to the blind subjects who had used the system. The results show that both the number of miscontractions and the use of single-sided braille are acceptable for this application. This project has demonstrated that there is a considerable demand for short documents in braille, and that computer-based systems can potentially satisfy a significant proportion of this demand. The traditional braille cookery book is made of manilla paper bound in a large volume. This means that the blind housewife has to allocate sufficient working space for the cookery book, and has to wash and dry her hands each time she wishes to refer to the recipe. The system tested at Warwick involved reproducing the recipes in plastic sheet and bound loose-leaf in a ring binder. The recipes can be removed from the folder and sponged down after cooking. The reaction of the users has been uniformly favourable so the details of the system have been passed on to the established service organisations. p H- D* 0 rf rf cr rf H- 3 . 3 CQ o O Q. 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