Cost reduction and efficiency improvement of short rotation coppice (CREFF) Nicolas Marron, Laureline Bés de Berc, Laura van den Kerchove, Axel Weinreich, Stefanie Haid, Ludger Eltrop, Jan Focke, Thorsten Beimgraben, Michael Nahm, Franck Brodbeck
To cite this version:
Nicolas Marron, Laureline Bés de Berc, Laura van den Kerchove, Axel Weinreich, Stefanie Haid, et al.. Cost reduction and efficiency improvement of short rotation coppice (CREFF). Projet ERA-NET ”Réduction de coûts et amélioration de l’efficacité des taillis à courte et très courte rotation“ (CREFF). Réunion de clôture officielle, Apr 2012, Kraichtal, Allemagne. 28 p. hal-01267935
HAL Id: hal-01267935 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01267935 Submitted on 6 Jun 2020
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A genda / Program m e
12:30: B egrüßung / A ccueil 12:40: Präsentationen der Projektergebnisse zu Présentation des résultats du projet – Einführung Introduction – W P1 KU P Produktion (12:45 – 13:00) W P1 Production des T CR – W P3 KU P R ohstoffqualität und Lagerung (13:00 – 13:15) W P3 S tockage et conditionnem ent de la biom asse de T CR – W P5 KU P G eschäftsm odelle und Kooperationen zw ischen Produzenten und B iom asse-A bnehm ern (13:15 – 13:30) W P5 M odèles com m erciaux et coopérations pilotes entre producteurs et consom m ateurs 13:30: Kaffepause / Pause café
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 2 A genda / Program m e
13:50: Fortsetzung V orträge / S uite des présentations : – W P4 B etriebsw irtschaftliche B ew ertung des KU P A nbaus in der Forschungsregion (13:50 – 14:05) W P4 Evaluation économ ique de la production T CR dans la région – W P2 KU P Erntetechnik und Erntelogistik – m ultim ediale Präsentation und D iskussion gängiger und neuer Erntetechniken (14:05 – 14:25) W P2 T echniques de récolte actuelles et futures Exkursion • 14:30 B esichtigung von drei 2-4 jährigen KU P A nbauflächen der Firm a Frank – Führung durch die FV A -Freiburg (5 M inuten per PKW ) V isite de trois T T CR de peuplier (âgés de 2 à 4 ans, en 2èm e rotation) de l’entreprise Frank, visite guidée par FV A (5 m in en voiture) • 15:30 Feedbackrunde aus dem Kreis der Projektpartner und D iskussion zu den Perspektiven von KU P T able ronde de discussion et de retour avec les partenaires de CR EFF sur le projet et les perspectives de T CR /T T CR dans la région 16:00: T agungsende / Fin du sém inaire
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 3
Cost reduction and efficiency im provem ent of S hort R otation Coppice (CR EFF)
w w w .creff.eu
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 Context
Present geopolitical and environmental world context: - Rarefaction of fossil fuels
- Needs to reduce CO2 emissions
‚ Promotion of renewable energy ‚ Biomass ‚ Short Rotation Coppice (SRC)
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 Context
Up to recently, slow development in Europe due to non competitive profits as compared to non-energetic cultures
° Expensive plant material ° Plant breeding and optimization of species-site matching needed ° High harvest and transport costs
‚ Necessity to reduce production and supply costs
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 Problem
° At present, research results available for: - medium to good sites - for large field sizes ° Such conditions rarely found in many regions of Central Europe: - Good sites rare and expensive and used for demanding annual crops Ï SRC on less favorable sites in terms of soil quality and forms
- Average sizes of fields and farms much smaller than in UK and south-Sweden Ï SRC in small field sizes, at scattered locations and on unfavorable sites
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 Problem
° At present, research results available for: - medium to good sites - for large field sizes ° Such conditions rarely found in many regions of Central Europe: - Good sites rare and expensive and used for demanding annual crops Ï SRC on less favorable sites in terms of soil quality and forms
- Average sizes of fields and farms much smaller than in UK and south-Sweden Ï SRC in small field sizes, at scattered locations and on unfavorable sites Ï To promote the use of biomass from SRC, optimized SRC value chains for unfavorable conditions have to be found
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 Approach
Improvement of efficiency Definition of an optimal, via a straight consumer-oriented locally adapted production quality production (WP3) system for farmers (WP1)
Strategies to overcome the problem of unfavorable conditions
Co-operation for optimized Improvement of harvesting concepts between techniques and establishment producers and consumers (WP5) of efficient logistic systems (WP2)
‚ Overall cost reduction for the SRC-production (WP4)
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 Structure
A complementary consortium:
Economic analyses of value chains WP4
Farmers Plantation Harvest Conditioning management & Transport of wood quality Farmers WP1 WP2 WP3 Industry Farmers
Farmers
New business concepts WP5
establish early and intensive cooperation between producers and consumers
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 Nicolas Marron Yield determinants Laureline Bes de Berc
Site U conditions Estrées-Mons Amagne Asfeld U U U U Ambly-Fleury Semuy Moyenvic U La brosse U Pleyber-Christ Montceaux Champenoux U U Lamballe U U Saint-Gilles DarnieullesU Padoux U U U U Saint-Ségal La prénessaye Le Chesnoy Sélestat U U Gennes sur Seiche U Kerlavic U U U Attigny Kerguéhennec Les Cormiers La ferme du Bouchet Blois U Saint-Cyr-en-Val U U Nouzilly U Guémené-Penfao U U Plantation Plant Saint-Sulpice Brinon-sur-Sauldre -des-Landes U U management material Vatan Echigey
Association d’Initiatives Locales pour l’Energie et l’Environnement Ï Reduction of input needs Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Forêt, Cellulose, Bois-construction, Ï Reduction of associated costs Ameublement Chambres d’Agriculture
Institut pour le Développement Forestier Laboratoire des Interactions Microorganismes Minéraux Matière Organique dans les Sols
Ï Sites considered together to evaluate the impact of the pedoclimate Ï And site-specific experiments to evaluate the impact of management practices
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 Nicolas Marron Yield determinants Laureline Bes de Berc
Site conditions Willow + Poplar PC2 (24.3%) 1 Stone content Mean temperature Plantation Plant management material Global radiation pH 0.5 Water use efficiency: Sand - BRaioinmfaallss produced / Water used - Assimilation / Transpiration Ï Carbon isotope discrimination 0 (∆, ‰), usuPaClly1 linearly and -1 -0.5 0 0.5 negaCtliavyely1 (r3e4l.a4t%ed) to WUEi 2-year stem height Leaf N Organic Leaf ∆ matter
-0.5 N
-1
Ï Correlations within soil, climate and plant categories Ï … but few correlation between yield and either soil or climate Ï Indicated that plantation management and plant characteristics are of primary importance for the first rotation (2 seasons) ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 Nicolas Marron Yield determinants Laureline Bes de Berc
Site conditions Production
Plantation Plant management material
Carbon cycle
Optimization Nitrogen cycle Water cycle
Phytosanitary Fertilization treatment Irrigation
Management Plant material Management
y
r y n r n c t t s g g t g a o e i n E o h u u n i E n n d t i t i 2 t i e s i t t p p N t n a U g a t U u t x n N t a e n n i n u l q u i i e o W x N e W a e i C l M C R r f D c f
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 Nicolas Marron Yield determinants Laureline Bes de Berc
When should we harvest, spring vs. fall? Cutting M
calendar a Do we have to coppice at the end of the first year? n a Rotation g e
Is there an optimal planting density? lengths m
Is it relevant to chemically fertilize SRC? e n
N t Is sludge spreading a relevant practice? input What is the best cultural antecedent? NUE P l a n N2 t
What are/is the “best” species for SRC? fixation m a t e
Do we have to use monoclonal blocks or mixtures? Mixing r i a l
What are/is the “best” species for SRC? WUE M
Density a n
Is there an optimal planting density? a Cutting g e
frequency m
Is wastewater spreading a relevant practice? e n Back ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Water t Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 input Nicolas Marron Yield determinants Laureline Bes de Berc
When should we harvest, spring vs. fall? Cutting M
calendar a Do we have to coppice at the end of the first year? n a Rotation g e
Is there an optimal planting density? m Clonal mixing lengths 120 Clump dry weight (kg) Clone *** e Is it relevant to chemically fertilize SRC?ns Treatment n 100 CxT ns N t Is sludge spreading a relevant practice? 80 input What is the be60st cultural antecedent?
40
20 NUE P
0 l e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e a r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u t t t t t t t t t t t t t t P P P P P P P x x x x x x x x x x x x x x i i i i i i i i i i i i i i n m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
l l l l l l l n n n n n n n a a a a a a a i i i i i i i t t t t t t t N g g g g g g g i i i i i i i o o o o o o o 2 r r r r r r r t T T T T T T T O O O O O O O
What are/is the “best” species for SRC? Beaupré Bolaere Hunnegen Raspalje Triplo Cima Luisa Avanzo fixation m a t e
Do we have to use monoclonal blocks or mixtures? Mixing r i a l
What are/is the “best” species for SRC? WUE More M
Density a info? n
Is there an optimal planting density? a Cutting g or e
frequency m
Is wastewater spreading a relevant practice? e Back n
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Water t Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 input Nicolas Marron Yield determinants Laureline Bes de Berc
When should we harvest, spring vs. fall? Cutting M
calendar a Do we have to coppice at the end of the first year? n a Rotation g e
Is there an optimal planting density? m Harvest season lengths
Main stem height (cm) one year after harvest and two years after harvest e Is it relevant to 7c00hemically fertilize SRC? n
600 N t Is sludge spreading a relevant practice? 500 input
What is the bes4t00 cultural antecedent? 300 NUE 200 P l a 100 n N2 00 t What are/is the “best” species for SRC? Harvest: Fall 2009 Spring 2010 Fall 2010 Spring 2011 fixation m a t e
Do we have to use monoclonal blocks or mixtures? Mixing r i a l
What are/is the “best” species for SRC? WUE More M
Density a info? n
Is there an optimal planting density? a Cutting g or e
frequency m
Is wastewater spreading a relevant practice? e Back n
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Water t Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 input Nicolas Marron Yield determinants Laureline Bes de Berc
When should we harvest, spring vs. fall? Cutting M
calendar a Do we have to coppice at the end of the first year? n a Rotation g e
Is there an optimal planting density? m First year coppicing lengths
600 e Is it relevant Ctluomp dcry wheigeht (mg) ically fertilize SRC? Coppicing *** n 500 Clone ** ns N t Is sludge spreading a relevant practice? CxC 400 input
What is the30 0best cultural antecedent? 200 NUE 100 P l
0 a Uncoppiced Coppiced Uncoppiced Coppiced Uncoppiced Coppiced n Inger Tora Tordis N2 t
What are/is the “best” species for SRC? fixation m a t e
Do we have to use monoclonal blocks or mixtures? Mixing r i a l
What are/is the “best” species for SRC? WUE More M
Density a info? n
Is there an optimal planting density? a Cutting g or e
frequency m
Is wastewater spreading a relevant practice? e Back n
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Water t Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 input Nicolas Marron Yield determinants Laureline Bes de Berc
When should we harvest, spring vs. fall? Cutting M
calendar a Do we have to coppice at the end of the first year? n a Rotation g e
Is there an optimal planting density? lengths m
Is it relevant to chemically fertilize SRC? e n
N t Is sludge sprePadlainngti na gre dleevnansti tpyractice? 6 T ree fresh weight (kg) input What is the b5 est cultural antecedent? 4 NUE 3 P l
2 a n 1 N2 t
What are/is the “best” species for SnsRC? 0 fixation m 22.0
I214 Bakan I214 Triplo a
SRC Very SRC t e
Do we have to use monoclonal blocks or mixtures? Mixing r i a l
What are/is the “best” species for SRC? WUE More M
Density a info? n
Is there an optimal planting density? a Cutting g or e
frequency m
Is wastewater spreading a relevant practice? e Back n
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Water t Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 input Nicolas Marron Yield determinants Laureline Bes de Berc
When should we harvest, spring vs. fall? Cutting M
calendar a Do we have to coppice at the end of the first year? n a Rotation g e
Is there an optimal planting density? lengths m
Is it relevant to chemically fertilize SRC? e n
N t Is sludge spreading a relevant practice? input What is the beCsth ceumltiucral afenrteticliezdaetniot?n 3 Clump dry weight (kg) Clone ns ns 2.5 Fertilization CxF ns NUE P 2 l a 1.5 n N2 1 t What are/is the “best” species for SRC? fixation m 0.5 a
0 t Unfertilized Fertilized Unfertilized Fertilized Unfertilized Fertilized e
Do we have to usDeors kamp onoclonalI 21b4 locks or Kmoster ixtures? Mixing r i a l
What are/is the “best” species for SRC? WUE More M
Density a info? n
Is there an optimal planting density? a Cutting g or e
frequency m
Is wastewater spreading a relevant practice? e Back n
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Water t Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 input Nicolas Marron Yield determinants Laureline Bes de Berc
When should we harvest, spring vs. fall? Cutting M
calendar a Do we have to coppice at the end of the first year? n a Rotation g e
Is there an optimal planting density? lengths m
Is it relevant to chemically fertilize SRC? e n
N t Is sludge spreading a relevant practice? input What is the best cultural antecedent? Sludge spreading / NUE
I P Ç l /Ç a n N2 t
What are/is the “best” species for SRC? fixation m a t
e
Do we have to use monoclonal blocks or mixtures? Mixing r i
a Ç 5 5 Ç 5 5 Ç 5 5 Ç 5 5 Ç 5 5 Ç 5 5 l What are/is the5 “ b e st”h speÇ c ibe s foÇ r SRCÇ ? Ç WUE More M
Density a info? n
Is there an optimal planting density? a Cutting g or e
frequency m
Is wastewater spreading a relevant practice? e Back n
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Water t Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 input When should we harvest, spring vs. fall? Cutting M
calendar a Do we have to coppice at the end of the first year? n a Rotation g e
Is there an optimal planting density? lengths m
Is it relevant to chemically fertilize SRC? e n
N t Is sludge spreading a relevant practice? input What is the best cultural antecedent? NUE Cultural antecedent P l
900 a Tree height (cm) n 800 N2 t 700 What are/is the “best” species for SRC? m 600 fixation
500 a
400 t e
300 Do we have to use monoclonal blocks or mixtures? Mixing r 200 i a
100 l
0
20.5 What are/is thCearb on“ isbotoepe sdisctri”min astionp (‰e) cies for SRC? WUE 20
19.5 More M 19
Density a info? 18.5 n
Is there an optimal planting density? a 18 Cutting g or 17.5 e
Amagne (grassland) Asfeld (grassland) Ambly-Fleury (maize) Semuy (maize) frequency m
Is wastewater spreading a relevant practice? e Back n
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Water t Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 input Nicolas Marron Yield determinants Laureline Bes de Berc
When should we harvest, spring vs. fall? Cutting M
calendar a Do we have to coppice at the end of the first year? n a Rotation g e
Is there an optimal planting density? lengths m
Is it relevant to chemically fertilize SRC? e n
N t Is sludge spreading a relevant practice? input What is the best cultural antecedent? NUE Species P l
Dry weight (g) a 715
A a n 615 N2 t
What are/is the “best” species for SRC? 515 fixation m 415
B b a 315 t e 215 b
B r l
Do we have to use monoclonal blocks or mixtures?n Mixing a m i i 115 t e a t o a M s T 15 ) 21 l
‰ A A
, ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ( 20 n o i t a
n 19 What are/is the “best” species for SRC? i
m WUE i r c
s 18 i
d B
e
p 17 o t
o More s M i
n 16 o b r Leaves Wood DLeeavnes Wsooid ty Leavea s a
C info? 15 n
Is there an optimal planting density? a Cutting g or t w íe ! 5 fre q u e nc y "m
Is wastewater spreading a relevant practice? e Back n
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Water t Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 input Nicolas Marron Yield determinants Laureline Bes de Berc
When should we harvest, spring vs. fall? Cutting M
calendar a Do we have to coppice at the end of the first year? n a Rotation g e
Is there an optimal planting density? lengths m
Is it relevant to chemically fertilize SRC? e n
N t Is sludge spreading a relevant practice? input What is the best cultural antecedent? NUE P l a n N2 t
What are/is the “best” species for SRC? fixation m
Wastewater spreading a t
Dry mass (g) of dominant stem and clump e 2000 Do we have to use monoclonal blocks or mixtures? Mixing r i a p
1600 l m u l C What are/is the “best1”20 0species for SRC?
m WUE e 800 t S More 400 M
Density a A A B AB B B info? 0 n
Is there an optimal planting Cdonetrnol sity? Wastewater Whey a Cutting g or e
frequency m
Is wastewater spreading a relevant practice? e Back n
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Water t Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 input ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 Structure
A complementary consortium:
Economic analyses of value chains WP4
Farmers Plantation Harvest Conditioning management & Transport of wood quality Farmers WP1 WP2 WP3 Industry Farmers
Farmers
New business concepts WP5
establish early and intensive cooperation between producers and consumers
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 In conclusion
- SRC not competitive with traditional crops on medium/good sites - SRC can be an opportunity to valorize unused unfavorable sites - Some advices / recommendations to optimize the chances of success and profitability: • To establish producer – consumer co-operations • To define from the beginning the biomass end use
• To adapt the plantation design to the requirements
• To use plant material using efficiently resources or fixing atmospheric N
• To use the plantation to valorize residual/waste products, when possible (e.g. sludge)
• To plant mixture of species or varieties rather than monocultures
• To plan harvest and logistic operation well in advance
• To choose the conditioning method according to the planned end use
• … (much more in the CREFF guidelines and reports!) But financial support is needed to be profitable!
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 Survey questionnaires General and specific guidelines (HFR, IER, UNIQUE) and recommendations
HEaRrAv-eNset cB iaoelcneurlgaytpioronje ctot oCRl E(FFFV A) Web site and literature database Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 Rottenburg, February 2010 Freiburg, September 2009
Selestat, June 2009 Vosges, February 2009
Blois, October 2008
Moyenvic, July 2010 Rottenburg, October 2011
ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Kraichtal, G erm any, A pril 4, 2012 Rottenburg, February 2010 Freiburg, September 2009
Selestat, June 2009 Vosges, February 2009
Blois, October 2008 Thank you! Plantation management: INRA Nancy - Nicolas Marron ([email protected]) Laureline Bes de Berc ([email protected]) Business concept: UNIQUE Freiburg – Laura Van den Kerchove ([email protected]) Axel Weinreich ([email protected]) Moyenvic, July 2010 Rottenburg, October 2011 Economic analysis: IER Stuttgart – Stefanie Haid ([email protected]) Ludger Eltrop ([email protected]) Conditioning: HFR Rottenburg – Jan Focke ([email protected]) Thorsten Beimgraben ([email protected]) Harvest: FVA Freiburg – Michael Nahm ([email protected]) ER A -N et B ioenergy project CR EFF Frank Brodbeck (FKrraanickh.tBarl,o dG ebremcakn@y, fAoprsritl. b4,w 2l.0d1e2)