Hinton Ampner Archaeological Survey Report, 2007
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WA Heritage THE NATIONAL TRUST ESTATE AT HINTON AMPNER, HAMPSHIRE Archaeological and Historical Survey Volume 1: Historical Text & Appendices Prepared for The National Trust Thames & Solent Region Stowe Gardens Buckingham MK18 5EH by WA Heritage Wessex Archaeology Portway House Old Sarum Park SALISBURY Wiltshire SP4 6EB Report reference: 67660.01 January 2008 © Wessex Archaeology Limited 2008 all rights reserved Wessex Archaeology Limited is a Registered Charity No. 287786 National Trust Estate WA Heritage Hinton Ampner, Hampshire THE NATIONAL TRUST ESTATE HINTON AMPNER HAMPSHIRE Archaeological and Historical Survey CONTENTS Summary …………..………………………………………………………………...…………iii Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………….….v 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................1 1.1 Project Background.................................................................................................1 1.2 Survey and Report Standards.................................................................................1 2 STRATEGY..............................................................................................2 2.1 Survey methodology ...............................................................................................2 2.2 Time expenditure ....................................................................................................2 2.3 Limitations to background research ........................................................................3 2.4 Limitations of the field survey..................................................................................3 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE..................................................................3 3.1 The Site ...................................................................................................................3 3.2 Condition of the Site................................................................................................4 3.3 Geology...................................................................................................................4 3.4 Background History.................................................................................................4 3.5 Background Archaeology........................................................................................6 4 RESULTS.................................................................................................7 4.1 Summary of Results................................................................................................7 4.2 Prehistoric landscape..............................................................................................7 4.3 Romano-British landscape ....................................................................................10 4.4 Saxon and medieval landscape ............................................................................11 4.5 Post-medieval and modern landscape..................................................................12 4.6 Hinton Ampner House and Park ...........................................................................14 5 CONCLUSIONS.....................................................................................16 5.1 Summary...............................................................................................................16 5.2 Brief historical review and significance .................................................................17 6 RECOMMENDATIONS ..........................................................................18 6.1 Introduction............................................................................................................18 6.2 Management recommendations: general considerations .....................................18 7 ARCHIVE ...............................................................................................21 8 COPYRIGHT ..........................................................................................21 9 REFERENCES.......................................................................................22 9.1 Original sources in the Hampshire Record Office (hereafter HRO):.....................22 9.2 Original sources in print ........................................................................................22 9.3 Secondary sources ...............................................................................................22 9.4 Websites................................................................................................................23 9.5 Contact details ......................................................................................................24 WA doc. ref. 67660.01 Archaeological & Historical Survey i National Trust Estate WA Heritage Hinton Ampner, Hampshire APPENDICES Appendix 1: Key to tithe map unit numbers Appendix 2: Guidelines for the management of archaeological sites on the National Trust Estate at Hinton Ampner: general principles and legislation Appendix 3: Recommendations for built structures Appendix 4: Metal detecting on National Trust land Appendix 5: Glossary of common archaeological terms ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1: Site Location showing Study Area Figure 2: Archaeological sites within the northern half of the Study Area Figure 3: Archaeological sites within the southern half of the Study Area Figure 4: Historic map regression: 1575 Saxton’s Map of Hampshire and 1759 Taylor’s Map of Hampshire Figure 5: Historic map regression: 1810 Ordnance Survey Old Series 1”: 1 mile Figure 6: Copy of 1839 Hinton Ampner and 1838 Kilmeston Tithe Map Figure 7: 1869 (Rev. 1895) Ordnance Survey map 6”: 1 mile Figure 8: 1869 (Rev. 1895) Ordnance Survey map 6”: 1 mile Figure 9: 1869 (Rev. 1895) Ordnance Survey map 6”: 1 mile and Modern map of Field Names for manor Farm with the Study Area WA doc. ref. 67660.01 Archaeological & Historical Survey ii National Trust Estate WA Heritage Hinton Ampner, Hampshire THE NATIONAL TRUST ESTATE HINTON AMPNER HAMPSHIRE Archaeological and Historical Survey SUMMARY The survey of the National Trust estate at Hinton Ampner, Hampshire was proposed by the Thames and Solent Regional Archaeologist for the National Trust (NT) as part of the continuing enhancement of land management on their properties. It is eventually hoped that all National Trust properties will be incorporated on a centralised Sites and Monuments Record computerised database (henceforth SMR) held at the Estates Advisory Office in Swindon. This report has been prepared by WA Heritage, a specialist section of Wessex Archaeology. This report contains an assessment of the historical and archaeological importance of the estate. It is made up of a landscape history of the estate, taking into account existing information, as well as the observation of previously unrecorded monuments as part of a detailed walkover survey. In addition, an archaeological inventory of all known sites, extant and non-extant, on the estate is presented for incorporation into the NT’s SMR as a separate Gazetteer (see Volume 2). The aim of the survey was to examine and record existing monuments identified in the Hampshire Archaeological and Historic Buildings Record (HAHBR) as well as to identify any new sites or monuments during a walkover survey of the study area. Within the parkland area, the extent of the existing and new sites was recorded via GPS to accurately represent the extent of the archaeological sites as lines and polygons. This was to assist in future management of the parkland rather than merely creating a basic plot of points on a map. However, due to time constraints, outside of the parkland area existing and new monuments were recorded only as a central point. Prior to the commencement of the survey, there were 64 historic environment records for the estate. The HAHBR contains 39 records, which comprise of 12 buildings, 11 are listed, 23 sites/ monuments, 3 findspots and 1 documentary source. These range from prehistoric find spots and Bronze Age barrows through to post-medieval garden features and modern houses. In addition, the NT SMR records a further 25 post- medieval to modern buildings within the estate. In addition, a further 99 monuments were observed. In total 164 sites are recorded within the 600 hectare estate. This corresponds to 42 buildings (including 12 Listed Buildings), 117 monuments and 5 findspots. The survey has shown that the Hinton Ampner estate is of particular importance for the understanding of the landscape history of this part of Hampshire and that the historical and archaeological resource is significant at several levels. The known and potential remains of prehistoric earthworks make the area an important landscape for the Bronze Age period. This is mostly represented by mortuary earthworks in the form of small clusters of round barrows at Hinton Ampner Park, White Hill and Hurst Down. Of particular significance is the sizable parish boundary which demarcates Hinton Ampner from Kilmiston. The boundary bank is within Hinton Ampner and as such the boundary encloses the parish. This may be attributed to the Saxon period and may WA doc. ref. 67660.01 Archaeological & Historical Survey iii National Trust Estate WA Heritage Hinton Ampner, Hampshire indicate an early medieval origin for the parish, perhaps developed from a small Saxon landholding. The main visible feature that can be attributed to the medieval period and traceable within the landscape is the large break of slope which encloses the central area of parkland. This is speculated