Postgraduate Training Programme 2005/06: Library Workshop 2 (Science) Discovering Databases - The Wider Electronic Environment

This document provides a brief introduction to EndNote, a tool that can be used to store useful references. In addition it highlights a variety of electronic information resources that science postgraduates may find useful.

Learning Outcomes After completing this workbook you should be able to:

• Access Endnote • Use the Document Delivery Service • Use the catalogues of other libraries to locate useful material • Save and rerun preferred searches in Web of Science • Use the citation searching facility in Web of Science • Look up journal impact factors in Journal Citation Reports • Set up a profile on an alerting service • Make effective use of Internet gateways to find records for specific types of information • List and apply criteria for evaluating websites 1. Introduction

The first workshop focused on the use of databases to identify relevant journal articles. This workbook concentrates on accessing a wider range of resources via the University Library web pages and beyond.

It is important to keep a record of any references that you use in your research. You can store this kind of information electronically in a reference management database. EndNote is the reference management software supported by this University. In addition to storing references, EndNote can be used to insert citations into a word processed document and to compile a bibliography in any format that you need. This can be extremely useful when you are writing a major piece of work like a PhD thesis. It is much easier to build up your store of references as you do your research rather than waiting until you write up.

If you want to know more, ITS have produced a detailed workbook explaining how to use Endnote. This is available from http://www.dur.ac.uk/its/info/guides/92Endnote.pdf

ITS regularly run courses devoted to use of EndNote. Check the ITS Training Webpages at http://www.dur.ac.uk/its/training/spg/ for further details.

2. Material not held in Durham

Document Delivery Service

If you need material that is not available in Durham you may be able to obtain it through the Document Delivery Service (DDS). Complete the relevant form at the Enquiry Desk on Level 2 of the Main Library, or any section of the Library.

This service will usually enable you to obtain books or photocopies of articles fairly rapidly and at a relatively low cost (the Library meets the major part of the cost).

You will need to attach a payment sticker before submitting your request. Many departments cover the cost of DDS requests for their postgraduates (ask your supervisor) – if not the stickers can be purchased directly from staff in the Library.

More details about the service are available from http://www.dur.ac.uk/library/use/ill.htm

In using DDS you should remember • check the library catalogue carefully to ensure the item is not in stock • apply in good time for what you need • give full details of each reference

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Locating material in other libraries Alternatively you may choose to visit other local libraries or those near your home to consult their journals. Durham University participates in several access schemes which enable users to visit other academic libraries, and these are described in detail at http://www.dur.ac.uk/library/use/visits.htm

Research postgraduates can register for the SCONUL Research Extra Scheme which provides borrowing rights at many other university libraries, further details are provided at the URL above. It is a good idea to phone before you visit another library to check the opening hours and the ID required to gain entrance.

Activity 2.1 You may want to check the journal holdings of another UK university which you intend to visit. You can consult most library catalogues over the internet; you will see that they vary greatly in appearance, but all offer similar facilities.

From the Library Homepage follow the links Online Information Sources | Library catalogues. At the top of the page you will find a set of links to the catalogue of Durham’s Public Library and those of the higher education libraries in the North East.

Scroll down the page until you see the connection to Libraries in the UK. This provides a link to a list of catalogues of UK Higher Education and Research Libraries

Try searching for a title of interest to you in a catalogue other than Durham’s.

Activity 2.2 Also useful are union catalogues, which record the holdings of several libraries in a single database. Probably the most useful for postgraduates working in the UK is COPAC – the catalogue of CURL, the Consortium of University and Research Libraries.

You can find a link to COPAC on the Library page of other catalogues. Try a search for a subject of interest to you.

Saving Search Histories to run at a later date Many databases allow you to save your search strategy so that you can easily re-run it and keep up-to-date with new references which have been added to the database since you last carried out the search.

Activity 2.3 To create a search history file in Web of Science: • From the Library’s home page click on Databases. • Select the shortcut to Web of Knowledge, and click on Login WoK. Enter your Durham ITS log in and password if prompted for authentication. • Choose the ISI Web of Science option and then click on the General Search button. • Select the Science Citation database only and carry out a General search. • When you have some results click on the Advanced Search button near the top of the screen. 3

• Click on the Save History button to open a dialog box. • Check to ensure that the Save this File to Disk option is selected. • Click OK to open a Save As dialog box. • Specify a file name. • Specify a location on your computer to store the saved history file. • Click Save.

Activity 2.4 Open and re-run a saved search history in Web of Science.

• From the Advanced Search page click on the Browse button to open a dialog box. • Search for the needed history file. Ensure that you change the file type extension to All Files (*.*) to help look for the needed file. • Click on the file to select it. • Click the Open button to display the path and file name in the text box on the Open Histories page. • Click the Open History button to display a listing of your saved queries in the Search History table. • Click the Run button at the top of the Search History table to run the results of your saved queries.

Citation searching

Activity 2.5 Find articles which cite a publication by C.A Heywood, in 1994, in an issue of Brain • From the Library’s home page click on Databases. • Select the shortcut to Web of Knowledge, and click on Login WoK. Enter your Durham ITS log in and password if prompted for authentication. • Choose the ISI Web of Science option , and select General Search • Select Science Citation Index only and set 1981 to 2005 as the date range • Select Cited Ref Search. • Type heywood ca in the cited author box, type 1994 in the cited year box and click on lookup. • Click on the first reference, to the article in Brain, to display the full record for that work.

• To display articles in which CA Heywood's article is cited, click on the Times Cited button. Select one of the references to view. Click on the cited references to confirm the presence of Heywood's paper.

Impact factors

Activity 2.6 • Access Journal Citation Reports following the route: Library home page – Databases – Journal Citation Reports. Note that this is available as part of the Web of Knowledge

database. If you are already in Web of Knowledge click on the button.

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• Choose the 2004 Science database and click on Submit. Select a subject from the list and Submit. A list of journal titles will appear, with data on the number of citations, impact factor and number of articles.

You can then use the Sorted by: option to view the titles by impact factor to see the top-rated journals in those fields. There are useful Help screens explaining the various options.

3. Alerting services & tables of contents

Alerting Services Many publisher and electronic journal sites will e-mail contents lists from their own titles as new issues are published. In this way you can ensure that you remain up-to-date with current publications, without needing to visit the Library to do so.

Activity 3.1 ZETOC includes details of around 20,000 journals.

• Connect to ZETOC from the Library’s database page. • Click on the Login to Zetoc Alert icon. • After entering your ITS login details you will be prompted to enter your e-mail address and a list name (type test). • Click on create. • After clicking on the Add Journals button you can select journal titles. The contents page for the titles you select will be e-mailed to you each time a new issue is published.

Alternatively by clicking on the Add Searches link you can select to have details of new articles with specific keywords in the title or by specific authors e-mailed to you.

After experimenting with this service, click on Alert Homepage and Delete to cancel any practice profiles.

Rather than receiving e-mail alerts of contents pages, some services collect Table-of- Contents information from a range of journals, and make it freely available on the Web. These services may be restricted to the titles from a single publisher or supplier. They often combine this with a commercial document supply service. If you can’t locate an item in Durham nor wait for it to arrive via the Document Supply Service, you could order it directly from one of these suppliers. However, this will involve you in some expense and you will need to enter your credit card details online. Loughborough University has produced a webpage listing the many of these sites. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/library/aware/tocs.html

Activity 3.2 • Browse through the list produced by Loughborough University • Scroll down to Publishers with e-mail ToC services • Select Royal Society of Chemistry 5

• Choose Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, and display the contents page from the Latest Issue. • Try to view the full text of an article - as Durham does not subscribe to this journal the full text is only available if you are willing to pay for it yourself.

4. Other useful sources

In addition to journal articles and books there are a number of other sources of information that may be useful, depending on the area of your research.

Conference papers

Zetoc and Web of Knowledge are also useful sources for locating new research in conference proceedings. From the Library’s home page click on Databases. • Select the shortcut to Web of Knowledge, and click on Login WoK. Enter your Durham ITS log in and password if prompted for authentication. • Choose the ISI Proceedings option , and select General Search. Conduct a topic search for your subject and review some of the conference proceedings available. Use the button to locate the proceedings in Durham. If they are not available in Durham you can use the Document Delivery Service to request them.

E-prints

In some subjects a piece of research may be made available electronically, perhaps for discussion, before official publication - as an e-print. Return to the Library homepage at http://www.dur.ac.uk/library/, then click on Online information sources then on E-print archives.

Locate the OAISTER e-print archive and connect to it. Click on the button and then enter a search for your subject.

Theses You may want to check for other theses in subject areas related to yours. The Library holds PhDs granted by Durham – other theses can usually be obtained using the Document Delivery Service.

Connections to the two main databases for tracing theses are available from the Library web pages under Databases. They are:

Index to Theses - Details of theses accepted for higher degrees in the universities of Great Britain and Ireland. Abstracts are included. Coverage is from 1970.

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ProQuest Digital Dissertations - Information about doctoral dissertations and master's theses in North American graduate schools and some European universities. Coverage from 1861 to the present.

Patents

Patents are an important source of information, much of the material is never published in any other format. There are a number of free resources available via the Internet but for a comprehensive search reference should be made to the Patent Office.

The Patent Office site http://www.patent.gov.uk/ gives information about patents as well as about making patent applications.

Free sources of full text patents include:

• US Patent Office full text from 1976 http://www.uspto.gov/

• Esp@cnet (UK site) gives access to the UK and European patents some of which are full text. http://gb.espacenet.com/

• BUBL has links to several other patent sites. http://bubl.ac.uk/link/p/patents.htm

Activity 4.1 Log on to one or more of the resources above and conduct your own searches.

5. Internet Search Engines

There are many internet search engines, some general, some more precise in their scope. It is not uncommon for one to be popular for some months or years and then be overtaken by another. At present the most widely used is Google. The UK version of this, at http://www.google.co.uk/ allows you to search the whole of the public access material on the internet or to restrict your search to U.K. sites. Unfortunately, as everyone who searches the Internet knows, not everything you retrieve will be academically sound. We need to know how to evaluate what we find.

Evaluating websites

Activity 5.1 Have a look at http://www.library.cornell.edu/olinuris/ref/research/webeval.html where you will find details of five criteria for evaluating web pages:

• Accuracy

• Authority

• Currency 7

• Objectivity

• Coverage

Google Scholar If you are trying to locate academic quality information on the Internet a useful starting point is Google Scholar advanced search at http://scholar.google.com/advanced_scholar_search Open this webpage and enter a search for your subject. Note that you can specify words which must appear, exact phrases and that you can also exclude terms to make your search more focused. You can also set a date range for results and limit the search to subject categories.

6. Gateways

The Internet is obviously a very useful source of information, but with any of the big internet search engines you run the risk of retrieving much that is irrelevant, trivial or simply too great a quantity to examine. Hence it can be useful to search using gateways or hubs which have been constructed to serve the needs of higher education, which should lead to valuable resources and exclude trivial sites.

There are a large number of gateways, some of which attempt to cover the full range of academic disciplines, while others may restrict themselves to groupings such as Physical Sciences or to individual subjects.

BUBL Link (originally Bulletin Board for Libraries) is the longest established of the UK-based gateways and covers all subjects. The link from the Library web page goes to an alphabetical listing of subjects. There is also a keyword search option.

In addition to general gateways there are a number of discipline-specific gateways.

BIOME (Health and Life Sciences) EEVL (Engineering/Maths/Computing) PSIgate (Physical Sciences) SOSIG (Social Sciences including Psychology)

Activity 6.1 From the Library home page follow the links Online Information Sources | Subject Gateways. Explore the gateways of most interest to you.

Inevitably, too, there are gateways to gateways. In the United Kingdom the best known is probably PINAKES, which can be accessed from the Library's subject gateway page.

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7. Images

There is a gateway to image databases easily reached by following the path from the Library web pages: Online Information Sources – Image databases

Optional Activity Connect to Structural Images of the North East (SINE) Choose a topic and do a search for images relating to it.

Optional Activity Repeat your search in Google Images ( http://www.google.co.uk/ ,click on Images above the search box) , and compare the results

8. News archives

There is a gateway to news services and archives which you can reach by navigating from the Library web pages following the links : Online information sources – News, weather, travel, currency – News Infotrac and Lexis Nexis Executive provide searchable collections of full text UK newspapers.

Optional Activity Connect to Lexis Nexis Executive or Infotrac and search for the Human Genome project.

If you have time, return to any of the resources looked at and conduct further searches, remembering to save your results if they are of interest to you.

If you require further help after this training session, please contact the Liaison Librarian for your department; http://www.dur.ac.uk/library/about/staff.htm#liaison

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