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News and Vie'ws from Mozambique and Southern Africa Chissano And

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News and Vie'ws from Mozambique and Southern Africa Chissano And News and Vie'ws from Mozambique and Southern Africa IAOBA OrIEl Volume 1 Number 9 August 1992 Chissano and Dhlakama General Strike a Success in Mother, woman Agree to Sign Cease-fire by South Africa Mother , woman: October 1, 1992 Walk and raise your fist, An estimated 4 million people Affirm your desire to be free. Rome, August 7 -- In an important stayed away from work August 3- 4 in one of the largest strikes You are soil. You are sap. step toward peace in Mozambique, You are strength. You are work. Mozambican President J oaquim South Mrica has experienced. The Thus you are life. In the fields, Chissano and RENAMO leader strike was followed on August 5 by occupations of major urban In the factories, Monso Dhlakama agreed that a In the home, General Peace Agreement should centers throughout the country. In You have the truth of your strength From your life-giving bosom. be signed by October 1, 1992, Pretoria alone over 15,000 people, including Nelson Mandela, thereby ending the 16-year-old Don't walk three yards behind war. (See Joint Declaration, p. 3) marched on the government Your comrade and the Revolution, building to present their demands Walk, in front of them. for an interim government and It's your place by right. The Declaration establishes guar­ And when they want to exploit, antees for "complete political constituent assembly. (South prostitute, violate your naked body, refuse them, freedom" and "personal security to Africa Political Update, August 14, 1992) fighting, refuse them. all the citizens of Mozambique and Mother, woman: the Revolution is you. to all members of political parties. " An anonymous Mozambican poet It also makes the two leaders (Challenge, June/July 1992) responsible for monitoring the Angolan Abductions implementation of the General Peace Agreement, in particular the A separatist faction from the Contents: relatively moderate Front for the cease-fire and the electoral pro­ Liberation of the State of Cabinda cess. Chissano and Dhlakama Agree to Sign Cease- (FLEe), wants independence for fire by October 1, 1992 Angola's oil-rich northern province General Strike a Success in South Africa The Rome Summit was organized Angolan Abduction ofCabinda. by Presidents Robert Mugabe of Poem: "Mother, woman" US Military Moves Into Southern Africa Zimbabwe and Ketumile Masire of Last week the guerrillas abducted Malawi Shelters Bulk of Refugees Botswana. Gender Bias in South African Schools and took hostage two more for­ RENAMO Steps Up Mutilations eign nationals and have threatened South African 32 Battalion Released to In his speech at the signing of the not to release them or any others RENAMO Joint Declaration, President Women Will Have to Fight who will be captured in the future. Chissano hailed the occasion as Minimum Wage in Mozambique Continues to Both Unit a and the MPLA govern­ Fall "an important step" for peace. ment, who are the country's Mozambique Granted Il\.1F Loan Peace, in his words, means "recon­ Joint Declaration leading political parties, have ciliation, tolerance, tranquility, AIDS in Southern Africa rejected the demand to give inde­ Mozambican Runner an Inspiration in 1992 solidarity, and common thinking." pendence to Cabinda. (New Na­ Olympics (Press release, Embassy of the Teachers Pass Resolution to Support tion, July 30, 1992) Republic of Mozambique, 7 Mozambique Ideas for Action August, 1992) US Military Moves into Southern Africa RENAMO Steps Up Mutilations According to a report in a Botswana paper, Mmengi, an air base In Gaza province RENAMO gangs have stepped up the practice 105 km northwest of the Botswana capital Gaborone has of mutilating victims. In the case of men this includes cutting of reached an advanced stage and is scheduled to be completed in their sexual organs or castration. Recently, the road to Maqueze two years at an estimated cost of US $1 billion. New African in Gaza was a scene where RENAMO had placed several magazine reported in April that the Botswana government women's bodies whose vaginas had been cut open with sticks intends to lease the building to the US Government in order to inserted inside. A captured RENAMO commander, Severiano recoup much of the building costs. Cumbe, asked why RENAMO did that, said, "it's to show FRELIMO that we're angry, that we're annoyed." (Mozambique The US and Botswana forces held joint military maneuvers in Information Office, August 11, 1992; MozambiqueFile, August January. "Operation Silver Eagle" was one of the largest field 1992) exercises ever seen in Sub-Saharan Africa. Analysts view US interest in South African borderline states as South African 32 Battalion Released to an attempt to put itself in a position for direct military interven­ tion in South Africa, should it be needed. Apparently, the Bush RENAMO administration is worried about the policies to be followed by a future black-ruled democratic South Africa. (SARDC, July Some members of two South African battalions, 32 and 31 1992) battalions, which President F. W. DeKlerk has ordered to be dissolved, are being integrated into RENAMO. (Mediafax, Malawi Shelters Bulk of Refugees August 7, 1992) Faced with a country ravaged by war and drought and the fact that 3 million of the 15 million population is in imminent danger of starvation, many Mozambicans have been seeking Women will have to fight refuge in other countries. The biggest Mozambican refugee concentration is in Malawi, which is providing for over one ANC and SACP Executive member Cheryl Caorlus stated in a million. Malawi has one of the highest ratios of refugees to speech at a seminar on empowering women that the fight for nationals, with one in every 8 people being a refugee. democracy must include emancipation for women. "Democracy cannot be complete when 53 percent of the population is not Canadian External Affairs Minister Flora MacDonald, at an free." She demanded that policies be put in place to buttress international conference on the crisis held last month, said the constitutional provisions for women in the bill of rights. Also to plight of the refugees and their Malawian hosts deserves more improve their legal position, women must push for improved attention. "[The press] is saturated with reports of atrocities in matrimonial, rape in marriage, and abortion laws. South Yugoslavia and Azerbaijan," said MacDonald. "But little African laws often placed the affairs of women in the hands of attention is paid to the trials and tribulations of millions of their husbands. (New Nation, July 10-16, 1992) refugees in southern Africa and the crisis that precipitated their movement. " (Africa News, August 3-16, 1992) Minimum Wage in Mozambique Continues to Fall Gender Bias in South African Schools Since the introduction in Mozambique of structural adjustment According to a study for the National Education Policy Investi­ measures in 1987 by IMF and the World Bank, there has been a gation (NEPI) on how gender bias in the schools effects stu­ massive deterioration of living conditions for low-paid workers. dents, affirmative action may be needed to ensure that girls get While prices for basic food items rose in Mozambique, the equal treatment in South African classrooms. minimum wage remained at US $16 per month, resulting in a nearly 50 % reduction in real wages over the past 18 months. "Gender ghettoization" -- girls relegated to academic streams which prepare them for domesticity and certain job sectors -- is common knowledge. Researcher Kate Truscott documents that Mozambique Granted IMF Loan 90 percent of women go into jobs which reflect the caring, servicing role of wife and mother, such as nurses and teachers. On June 17 Mozambique was granted its fourth World Bank Truscott traces this sexual division of labor to the classroom. loan since 1987. The newest loan from the World Bank's soft loans affiliate International Development Association (IDA) of Truscott suggests that a range of practical skills, both technical $180 million is targeted to support the structural adjustment and domestic, should be taught to both girls and boys in order to program and to further measures of privatization. (Mozambique make the curriculum more inclusive. (Weekly Mail, July 24-30, Information Office, July 9, 1992) 1992) Baobab Notes 2 August 1992 Presidenf Chissano and Dhlakama sisn a Joint Declaration -- Rome. Aususl 7. 1992 We, Joaquim Alberto Chissano, President of the Republic of Mozam­ bique, and Afonso Macacho Marceta Dhlakama, President ofRENAMO, recognizing the need for the immediate establishment of Peace in Mozambique; having met in Rome, in the presence ofH.E. Robert Gabriel Mugabe, President of the Republic of Zimbabwe; H.E. Emilio Colombo, Minister reaffirming the commitment of the Government of the Republic of of Foreign Affairs of the Republic ofItaly; the representative ofH.E. the Mozambique and RENAMO to put an end to the hostilities in President of the Republic of Botswana, Dr. Gaositwe Keagakwa Tibe Mozambique; Chiepe, Minister of Foreign Affairs; the mediators in the Mozambican Peace Process, on. Mario Raffaelli, representative of the Italian Govern­ determined to do all in our power to end the catastrophe resulting from the ment and coordinator of the mediators, Mgr. Jaime Goncalves, Arch­ combined effects of the war and the drought in our country; bishop of Beira, professor Andrea Riccardi and don Matteo Zuppi of the conununity of st. Egidio; AND noting the progress achieved in the Rome peace negotiations between our respective delegations; Recognizing that considering the spirit of the Gaborone meeting of July 4, 1992; the attainment of Peace, Democracy and National Unity, based on national reconciliation, is the greatest aspiration and desire of all the people of We now, therefore hereby bind ourselves to the following: Mozambique; i. guaranteeing the conditions allowing complete political freedom, in in pursuit of this objective, the peace process was initiated in Rome accordance with internationally recognized democratic principles; between the Government of Mozambique and RENAMO, assisted by the ii.
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