Index

A Additions Absence 129, 254, 289–292 restoration 71 Academics 307 Administration 190, 195, 265 Access 291 heritage, 61–64, 67, 133, 135, accessibility, 269 140 Accumulation Adoption 249, 278 capital 308 Advancements 165–167 Act Advocacy 257 Government Organization 64–65 Aesthetic 198, 238–246, 251, 272, Landscape, 266 285–286, 307–309, 311, 312 National Historic Preservation, 42 urban aesthetic zone, 82 on Special Measures Concerning Aesthetic quality 15 Urban Renaissance, 151, 214 Affairs. See Agency Action 139, 246, 262–263, 280, Age 286–287. See also Deregulation urban 24 Act on Special Measures Concerning Agency(ies) 129–131, 135, 142, Urban Reconstruction 10 143, 146–147, 151, 173, 177, Actors 305–307, 309–312 182–189, 197, 215, 223, 242, Adaptability 253, 262, 265–267, 270–274, of urban heritage 140 278–280, 289

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive 317 license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 J. Song, Global Tokyo, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3495-9 318 Index

for Cultural Affairs, 38, 63–64, Amendment 140, 218 79, 85, 89–91, 107–108, of heritage law, 140 122–123, 129, 137–140, 147, Amenity Business Core (ABC) 255 149, 181–190, 202–204, 262, America 199–201, 238–239, 264–267, 278–280, 291 250–251 Defence, 89 American government, 22–23 architect Frank Lloyd Wright 80 public, 8, 23, 83–85, 312 design, 80 Agenda 260–262, 270–272 American Consulate Office 143 Agent 311 Amsterdam Declaration 41 Ages Analysis 18–19 of Rousseau 16 Ancient of Shakespeare, 16 built heritage 18 Agreement 137–139, 171, 186, 202, Anne 242, 247, 277, 310. See also Queen Anne style 73 Memorandum of Agreement Annex 213. See also Mitsui (MOA) Anniversary 171, 181 Aichi Prefecture 69, 131 of Agency for Cultural Affairs, Aid 137 technical corporation 103 Anti- Air-raid 61, 75, 80, 284–287 Buddhist Movement 62 Air-Rights 312 Antiquities 57. See also Edict Ajisaka, Toru 145 Appearance 285 Akagawa, Natsuko 38, 55–59, 63, Application 271, 279, 291 108, 117–118, 123 Approval 241, 246, 247, 265 Akasaka Palace 75 Arcade Akihabara 183 Marunouchi Building 250 Alley 216–218 Archaeology(ical) 42. See also Alliance 183 Connally; Ichigokan of international experts, 115 department of, 107–108 Allies remains, 266 Western 22 Architect 57, 60, 73, 79, 81, 83, 85, Allure 313 89, 171, 181, 199–201, 204, Alteration(s) 269 207, 211, 214 restoration, 71 Architecture 44, 57, 59–61, 73, Alternative 208 78, 169, 180, 185, 187, 195, Ambience 166, 245 199–201, 205, 209, 211, Ambition 171–173, 284, 311 216–219, 237–239, 260–262, Amemiya, Katsuya 35, 219, 223 272, 279, 286 Index 319

Area 111–112, 121 intangibility, 121 Army intangible, 17, 118–120 Ministry of 240 internal, 119 Arrangement 132–134, 138 intrinsic, 17, 119 Artefact(s) 17, 277 Marunouchi, 24 of the Meiji era, 68 Nihonbashi, 23 Article 141–143, 148, 187–189, 197 qualifier, 119 11 of Venice Charter, 41 tangible, 9, 118–121 7 of UNESCO Operational Authority(ies) 57, 66, 138, 149–152, Guidelines, 41. See also 163–179, 186, 187, 194–196, Exemption 277, 279–280, 309 Artistic 41–42 government, 23 Art Museum 260. See also Ichigokan municipal, 23 Asahi Shimbun 81 Authorizing 313 Ashworth, Gregory 40, 308 Avenue 192, 196–197, 208, Asia 251, 306 213–220. See also Chuo-Dori East, 111 Daimyo-koji, 242, 272 and Pacific, 104 Gyoko-Dori, 248–251, 257, 283 Aspects 41–42 Naka-Dori, 245–249, 253 Assessment Awareness 129, 137–140, 180, 181 on heritage 132, 154 civic, 285 Asset 129, 142, 147 of urban heritage, 21 Assistance Axis 192, 196, 249 international development 22 Association 42. See also Authenticity Association of Citizens Who Love Red-Bricked Tokyo Station B 285 Babasaki 238, 245–249, 258–260, Attic 291 272. See also Street Attribute(s) 308 Babasaki-Dori, 245, 248, 258, authenticity, 288 272 of authenticity, 118–120 Bakufu 163, 165, 237 test of authenticity, 41–43 Balance 270–274, 281, 311 Authenticity(ies) 1–24, 31–48, Baldwin, Richard 5 55–91, 103–123, 129–154, Baltzer, Franz 246–247, 286 163–211, 213–222, 237–293, Bandarin, Francesco 3, 13–14 305–313 Bank 165–168, 183–185, 190–192, external, 119 198, 202, 204–206 extrinsic, 17, 119 119th National, 244 320 Index

of Iwate Nakanohashi Branch, Bloody history 88. See also Imperial 138 Guards of Japan, 75 Blue Book 181 Banker Blueprint 248, 262, 267–269 Tokyo Banker’s Club Building Board 133 of Education 264, 266 Bankruptcy 170–171 Boccardi, Giovanni 122 Barrack 240 Body Basement of experts 311 of Ichigokan 265 Bombing 166, 285 Basho 279 Bonus 132–137, 147–151, 182, Battle 277 185–187, 195, 197, 260, 263, Bay. See also Hibiya 271. See also Floor Area Ratio Edo 237 (FAR) Beauty Border 306 Scenic 142 Bosnia and Herzegovina 121. See Beaux-Arts 204 also Mostar Beneficiary 186–187, 213 Branch 170–172, 191 Benefit(s) 196, 269, 291 Brand 171–172, 212–214, 218, 309 Bennett, Tony 3 Branding 313 Berlin 239 Break 171, 201, 249–251, 292 Bhadgaon 105 Brick 59, 70, 73–80, 87, 109–111, Bijutsukogeihin 168, 206, 211, 241–248, 266, fine arts and crafts 65 274, 281, 285–288 Bikan Chiku Bridge 121. See also Mostar urban aesthetic zone 82 Nihonbashi, 163–166, 170, 178, Binding power 120 190–192, 195, 196 Birth 166 Trowbridge, 200, 204, 206 Birthplace 214, 266 Britain 8, 239, 263, 287 George Washington, 42 British Block 168–171, 173–194, 197–201, architect Josiah Conder 73 207, 214–220, 242–251, Brumann, Christoph 17 254–260, 262, 266, 268–274, Bubble economy 22, 139–141, 170, 282, 309 175, 190, 254 One London, 242–246, 251, Buddhism 58 263, 266, 272 Buddhist. See Anti- One New York, 249, 251 monastery 107 Specified Block System, 35 monument, 111–112 Index 321

Buddhist monastery 22. See also I Bunko Baha Bahi Mitsui 209 Budget 181 Burdens Budokan on property owners 134, 139 Nippon 89 Bureau 239 Builder 311 Bureaucracy 55 Building 130–154, 165–172, Burra Charter 279 179–220 Business 163–171, 175, 179, 183, Furukawa, 258 186, 190–192, 209, 212, 237, Ichigokan, 310 240, 243–246, 251–257, 281 Marunouchi, 254–260, 269–274 Bustling 245 Marunouchi Park, 258 Buyers 241 Marunouchi Yaesu, 266, Buying 282 270–274, 293 Byrne, Denis 16 Marunouchi Yaesu Building, 310 Mitsubishi Building No.2, 310 Mitsubishi Shoji, 258 C Mitsui Main Building, 309 Cabinet 88–90, 132, 141, 186, 239 no. 15 of the former Foreign Calculation 189 Settlement, 143 Cameron, Christina 40–42, 109, Tokyo Central Post Office 115, 120–122 Building, 310 Campaign(ed) Tokyo Station Marunouchi, 266, conservation 79, 83–84, 88 273, 276–286, 288–292, 310 UNESCO international, 109 Building Coverage Ratio (BCR) UNESCO World Heritage, 22 142–143 Candidate 209 Building Standards Law (BS) 130, heritage-led urban regeneration, 141–142, 187, 188, 195, 197, 22, 23 218, 264–266 Canon 36. See also Authenticity Built Capacity 190, 200, 211 environment 2, 7, 20, 305 public sector, 21 heritage, 10–15, 17, 18, 21, 307 Capital 163–166, 179, 183, 196, Bunkacho 64. See also Agency 199–201, 237–249, 284–286, Bunkazai 130, 139. See also Cultural 293, 306, 308, 311 Property resource, 1–3 Hogoho, 58. See also Ho; Law Tokyo, 24 Hogo Iinkai, 64. See also Capitalism 198 Committee Capitalization 14 Juyo, 56. See also Importance Caretaker 64. See also Committee 322 Index

Carpenter 117 Choay, Francoise 16 Cartagena 113 Choice 311 Castle 103, 112, 237. See also Chuo 23. See also Ward Himeji-jo Chuo-Dori 205–206, 213–216, 220 Edo, 163, 165 Chuo-ward 136, 148 Catalyst 306 Church 85. See also Holy Category Gokomachi, 143 aesthetic 311 Circuit 306 of heritage, 307 City 237–242, 246–249, 253–257, Cathedral 85. See also Holy 260, 266, 271, 277, 281–282, Ceiling 167, 204–206 289, 305–307, 310–313 Tokyo Station, 287 global, 305–307, 311–313 Centennial 307 Civilization 165 Meiji period, 14, 70, 79, 89 Western, 238 Central Business District (CBD) 255 Cladding 167 Centre 165, 170, 175, 209–214, Clarke, Fred 204 220, 240–247, 249–255 Classicism 204 of Tokyo, 147–149, 154 Cleansing 293, 310 Ceremony(ies) Clearance 241 Imperial Hotel 80 Club 133–139. See also Banker religious, 107 Code Chairman building 141–143, 147–150 of ICOMOS 115 Coincidence 285 Change 268, 280–283, 286–292 Cold War 16, 170, 191 Chaos Collaboration 118, 130, 144, 171, of Meiji Restoration 240 175, 187, 194, 218, 307, Character 312 309–310 Charter Museum Meiji-Mura, 72 Burra 279 Collection ICOMOS Washington, 2 Museum Meiji-Mura 68–71, 84, Venice, 16, 22, 35–37, 40–42, 90 115–118, 204, 278 Colombia 113. See also Cartagena Washington, 41 Colonialism 36, 307 Cheong, Caroline 39 Colonizer 58 Chiku 82, 195, 216. See also Bikan; Colony 223 District Columns 206 China 111. See also Horyu-ji Commander Chiyoda-ward 136, 147, 255, 264, SCAP/GHQ 63 267, 281 Commencement 220 Index 323

Commerce 163–166 Connally, Ernest Allan 41–42. See Committee 140, 144, 145, 187, 204, also Integrity 207–209, 212, 257, 260–272, Consensus 263, 274, 312 277–280, 286–292 on heritage, 154 for the Protection of Cultural Consensus-building 183 Properties, 55, 63–68, 76–79, Consent 81–89 owner’s 78, 138, 181–182, 202 UNESCO World Heritage, Conservation 1–5, 31–46, 55–91, 41–43, 108–109, 113–115, 103–111, 114–123, 129–154, 121 163, 177–190, 194–198, Commodification 44, 154, 311, 312 202–206, 210–212, 218–222, Commodity 43, 44 254–260, 263–267, 271–292, Company. See also Museum, 305–310, 312–313 Meiji-Mura management plan, 139. See also East Japan Railway 150 Preservation; Protection Nagoya Railroad, 68, 70, 85 Construction 238–239, 241–252, Compensation 147. See also Floor 271–272, 276, 283–285, Area Ratio (FAR) 288–293 Competition 166, 171, 174, 175, of authenticity, 305, 310–312 179, 194, 306, 310–311 Ministry of, 130, 147–148, 177, Competitiveness 151, 152, 175, 179, 186 197, 221, 257, 272, 311 Consultant Competitor 175, 178, 281 conservation 203, 204, 207 Completion 167–172, 205–206, Consultation 186, 202–204 211, 213 Consumption 308, 312 Complexity 119. See also Contact Authenticity contact zone theory 7, 20, 36–39 Components 288–289 Contract 137–141. See also Concept Memorandum of Agreement of authenticity 115–120, 122, (MOA) 309 Contractor 84 Concern 311 American, 201. See also Kajima Concrete 211, 249, 273, 288 Corporation Conder, Josiah 73, 239, 243–249. Control 113, 131, 134, 141, 142, See also British 148, 239, 242, 306, 311–312. Condition 306–308 See also Conservation Conference 103, 108, 114–118, Controversy 122–123 of authenticity 114 Nara, 43 Convention 324 Index

UNESCO World Heritage Criteria 41–43, 103, 116, 121 assessment 132 Conventional System 61, 67, 68 designation, 140 Coombe, Rosemary 9, 308 use, 210 Cooperation 281 World Heritage, 115, 121 international technical, 103–105, Criterion 108 of authenticity 105, 115 COREDO 171–179, 196, 212–216, Cultural Heritage Administration 223, 309 (CHA) 17 COREDO Muromachi (CM) Cultural Property 63–67, 71, 76, 78, 214–218 85, 88, 90. See also Bunkazai Council 255, 260, 271 Culture 239, 242–243, 292, 309 Tokyo Metropolitan City Currency 308, 313 Planning, 171 Council for Area Development and Management of Otemachi, D Marunouchi, and Yurakucho Daiichi (OMY) 281 National Bank 167 Councilor 255, 277 Dai-Ichigokan Country Mitsui 200 Japan 239, 284 Daiichi Seimeikan 134. See also DN Coup d’État Tower 21 military 88. See also Imperial Daimyo 165 Guards Daimyo-koji 242, 272. See also Courtyard 107. See also I Baha Bahi Avenue Coverage 141–143. See also Building Damage 238, 252, 257, 289 Coverage Ratio (BCR) Dan building, 187 Norihiko 201, 214–216, 220 Cowen, Tyler 7 Takuma, 199–201, 202–205, 214 Craft 291. See also Headquarters Danger 256 Gallery of the Tokyo National Debate Museum of Modern Arts, 90 on authenticity 104, 109–110, skill, 212 120–121, 123 Craftsman 117, 291 Decay 107, 109, 170 Craftsmanship 57, 263. See also physical, 81 Conservation Decentralization 23, 177 Cranes 170 De Cesari, Chiara 12 Creative City 2, 10 Decision 255, 262, 274–276 Credibility 120. See also Authenticity decision-making, 281 Index 325

Declaration heritage, 16 Amsterdam 41 urban, 21 ICOMOS Xi’an Declaration, 3 Deterioration 58, 81, 289 Potsdam, 88 Determination 277 UNESCO Conservation of Developer 36, 38, 48, 130, 132, Historic Urban Landscape, 2 134, 139, 144–150, 154, Decline 170 182–186, 194, 197, 210, 214, Defeat 310 262 of Japan, 285 private, 8–10, 19, 23 Second World War, 88 Development 138–141, 147–152 Defence Agency 89 urban, 32–41, 43, 46, 48 Defending 310 De Vries, Piet 8, 9 Deficiencies 109 Dichotomy 166, 212–214, 309 Delivery Diet of conservation 279–280, 286 Imperial 246 Democratization 62 lower house of, 82 Demolition 57–60, 66–79, 84–85, Difference 116–118 89–90, 134–138, 148, 171, Dignity 200, 202–205, 277, 180–183, 190, 202, 244, 285–289, 293 255–258, 260, 265, 270–273, Dilapidation 109 310, 312–313. See also Banker Diplomacy Department 183, 192, 198, 213, heritage 55 216. See also Mitsukoshi; Disaster 60, 69, 166, 179, 200–201, Takashimaya 204, 211, 239, 252, 265. See of Archaeology, 107–108 also Earthquake; War Depression 257 Disciple 244, 247 Deregulation 2, 8–9, 22, 34, Dismantling 109–110, 112, 114, 141, 151, 152, 185–187, 117, 291 245, 253–255, 313. See also Distinction 244, 313 Regulation Distinctiveness 244, 272, 311–312 Designation 129–140, 142–149, District 35–36, 44–48, 237–260, 181–189, 198, 201–211, 213, 263, 265–269, 273–279, 223, 254, 258, 264–268, 280, 281–287. See also Marunouchi; 282–285, 287, 291–292, 309, Nihonbashi 311 central business, 4, 21 heritage, 21–23, 63, 68, 77–79, Marunouchi, 22–24 83, 89–90 Nihonbashi, 23 Destruction 60–62, 66, 71, 77, Diversity 134–137, 140, 265 cultural 17–18, 43 326 Index

of urban heritage, 140 Economy 139–141, 170, 175, 185, DN Tower 21 134 190, 211, 244, 249–251, 254, Doctrine 272, 308–313. See also Bubble international heritage 13 economy Document 103, 112–114, 118–123 Edict heritage policy, 306, 308 for the Preservation of Antiquities Nara, 43, 55, 278–279, 308 and 57 preservation, 288 Old Items, 57 Documentation 110 Edifice 284 Doi, Kazuhide 134 Edo period 23, 57, 237, 241–242, Dome 287 309. See also Street Donor 109 Sakura-Dori, 214–218 Dori 177, 192, 196–198, 205–206, Education 213–220. See also Avenue; Board 264, 266 Street Minister, 277 Dormitory 88. See also Imperial Efficient Land Utilization District Guards System (ELUDS) 147, 195, dorm, 90 197, 255 Dossier Ehrentraut, Adolf 17–18 World Heritage nomination 110, Electricity 238 120–121 Element 263, 269, 286–289, 293 Drawing Elevator 168 architectural 20 Eligibility 133, 139, 186. See also Duralumin 287 Designation for heritage designation, 90 Elite 305–307, 309 E Embellishment 205 Earthquake 166, 168, 179, 200, Emergency 205, 207, 211 economic package 185–187 Great Kanto, 59–61, 75, 80, Emperor 18, 24, 247, 248, 285, 310 242–244, 252, 257, 272, Hirohito, 63, 88 289–292 Emphasis 244, 277, 293 Great Kobe, 143 Empire resilience of buildings, 109 Japan 59 East Empirical approach 305 East-Muromachi 214–216 Empowering 309 East Japan Railway Company (JR Enactment 142 East) 187, 276–282 Echigoya 163–167, 170, 213–214 Index 327

of the Law for the Protection of Executive 181, 199–201, 206, 209 Cultural Properties, 61–64, Exemplary. See also Headquarters 66–68 of the Meiji urban heritage 87 Enclave 216–220, 239, 309 Exemplify 208 Enders, Siegfried 17 Exemption 141–143, 147–150, 154, Enforcement 141 186–189, 197 Engagement 253, 255 Exhibition 209 Engineer 201, 207, 210–211, 239, Expert 130, 139–140, 147, 187, 246, 286 204, 207–209, 212, 260–274, army, 87 278–280, 286–293, 307, 311 Engineering 251 heritage, 14–16, 22, 103–123 England 16 Expo English Osaka 81 style 243 Expression 255 Entrance 205–206, 219, 249, 257, Expressway 196 285–286 Exterior 134, 182, 197–204, 207, Imperial Hotel, 73, 84–85, 90 218–219, 244, 272, 273, Environment 130–132, 149, 239, 286–287, 291 253, 292, 305 conservation, 70, 79, 90 Enzetsu-Kan Mita 85 Establishment 144, 149 F Estate 257, 262, 283, 292 Fabric 175, 214, 220, 264, 274, Mitsubishi, 144–147 284, 287, 292–293, 308–310, Ethics 16. See also Authenticity 313 Europe 57, 60, 108, 116, 119, heritage, 40–41 200–201, 239, 287 of heritage, 112, 119–120 Eurocentric, 114, 119, 123 physical, 68, 90 European, 104–105, 113, urban, 4, 11, 23 116–117, 119 Fabrication 263 Europeanization 62, 239 Façade 66, 134, 152, 192, 198, Eviction 252 205–207, 258, 272 Evidence 264, 286 Facadism 134, 148 Evolution 306 Face 163, 192, 213 Exceptional Floor Area Ratio District Facility 238, 240–242, 254, 269 System (EFARDS) 277, 280 Factor 306 Exceptional Floor Area Ratio Zone Fainstein, Susan 311 System (EFARZS) 150–151 Fake 263, 269, 293 Exchange 165–169 Family 328 Index

Imperial 80, 81, 88 legal and policy, 12 Iwasaki, 85 political economy, 14–15 Feasibility 260, 271–273 Public-Private Partnership, 8 Feeling 284 theoretical, 18 Feudalism 238 urban strategy, 5, 11 Finance 149, 252 France 16, 110 Financial Centre 185, 195, 197 heritage system, 62, 67 Fire 238–239, 242 French Horyuji, 62 heritage practice 66 Imperial Hotel, 81 Fudosan Firm 169, 179, 211–212 Mitsui 146, 173, 177, 183 Flagship 171 Fujimori, Terunobu 60, 240, 244, Flexibility 120, 263, 265. See also 248–251 Authenticity Fujimura, Akira 272 Floor Area 130–133, 147–152, Fukugen 260 197–199, 202–206, 210–211, Fukutoku-Mori Shrine 35. See also 214–220, 281, 310 Nihonbashi Floor Area Ratio (FAR) 130–137, Fukutoku Shrine 219–223 139, 143, 147–151, 182, Fuller, George, A. Company of New 185–189, 192–197, 202, 210, Jersey 251 255, 258–264, 271, 277, 282, Function 206–209, 239, 244, 311 252–253, 260, 267–270, 289 Flooring Fund 281 design 287 Funding 312 Footprint 206 Furukawa 258, 270. See also Building Force 240–251, 281 Futagawa, Yukio 61, 69 Form 172, 179–181, 183, 187, 191, 287 Forum on Revisiting Authenticity in G the Asian Context 17 Gaido 165 Fragment 212, 257 Gaiku 130, 195, 254. See also Block Framework 15, 18, 21–23, 260, 265, Gallery 289, 293 Tokyo Station 289 analytical, 18, 20 Games 80 global city, 15 Gap 306 globalization, 5 Gate 238, 285 heritage-led urban regeneration, Babasaki-Mon, 238 22 Inui-mon, 87 institutional and regulatory, 22 Sakashita-mon, 87 Index 329

Gateway 248, 257, 293 Governor 241, 277. See also Minobe Gekkan Bunkazai 104. See also I of Tokyo Metropolitan, 83 Baha Bahi Grandeur 200, 204–205 General Headquarters (GHQ) 62, Granger, Rachel 11 81, 166, 182, 205, 208 Granite 206 Genjo Henko 138 Grant 210, 280 Gentrification 6 Great Genuineness 263, 269 Kanto Earthquake 166, 179, 200 Geographer 307 Greve, Carsten 8 Germany 16, 109 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 205 Gfeller Aurélie Élisa 113, 122 Group(s) 241, 245–246, 293 Ginko 133, 138, 206. See also conservation group to protect the Banker Imperial Hotel, 82 Ginza 36, 177, 183, 186, 192–197 of traditional buildings, 56 Glass 59, 283, 289 Growth 251–253, 257, 283 Global 55–91, 129–152 Guards 86–88, 90. See also Imperial; Globalism 306 Headquarters Globalization 1–9, 12–14, 18, 24, Guesthouse. See also Imperial, Hotel 31, 32, 36–40, 48, 123, 253, State 80 255, 281, 293, 306–307, Guideline(s) 132–133, 136, 148– 310–313 150, 253–257, 265–279, 286, Glory 201, 214, 249 292, 313. See also Museum, Goals 187, 195 Meiji-Mura God 219 conservation, 69–71, 111, Gofukuten 213 116–120 Gokomachi heritage, 36–38, 40–41, 43 church 143, 154 Gutschow, Niels 17, 18 Gomei 206 Gyoko-Dori 248–251, 257, 283 Gothic Revival 287 Goto, Osamu 15 Governance 2, 9, 12–14, 34, 309 H Government 1, 2, 8–10, 15, 19, Hakubutsukan 21–23, 103–114, 119–120, museum 68 129–131, 134–138, 141, Hall 143–147, 165–167, 170, 171, Public Speaking Hall of Keio 175–177, 181–182, 185, 186, University 85 194–196, 213, 223, 237–244, Harrison, Rodney 3 247, 253–255, 265, 271, 277, Harvard University 107 280, 285, 309–312 Harvey, David 8, 31, 44, 311–313 330 Index

Headquarters 165–169, 181–186, Heynen, Hilde 44 198–201, 204–206, 244, 252, Hibiya 237, 245. See also Bay 258, 274, 310 Hierarchy 206, 220, 287, 306, 309 former Bank of Iwate, 138 Higashi Kyugokan 73. See also former Imperial Guards, 129 Ichigokan General, 62, 81 Higashi-Muromachi 192 Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance, 136, Himeji-jo 103, 108, 112–114. See 139, 144–150 also Castle of Mitsubishi, 77. See also Hirohito 88. See also Emperor Ichigokan Historian 204 Mitsui Main Building, 23 History 191, 201, 205, 208–210, of the Imperial Guards, 21, 220–223, 244, 260–264, 266, 86–90, 110 269, 272–274, 278–279, 285, Height 211, 218 293, 307 building, 151 Ho. See Act; Law Heisei period 181, 195 Hogo 58 Henrichsen, Christoph 18 Hozon, 58, 63 Heritage 1–24, 31–48, 55–91, Kenchiku Kijun, 67, 130, 142 103–123, 129–154, 163–222, Shigaichi Kenchikubutsu, 141 237–293, 305–313 Toshi Keikaku, 67, 130 intangible, 56, 59, 63–65 Toshi Koen , 67 modern, 13–14, 17–18, 21 Toshi Saisei Tokubetsu Shochi, stone, 13, 16 151 traditional, 17, 21 Hogo Iinkai 64. See also Bunkazai; urban, 1–5, 10, 13–15, 17–24 Committee western, 13–14 Hohn, Uta 17 wooden, 21 Hokkaido 71 Heritage Conservation Holland 8 action 15, 21, 24 Holy administration, 21–22 Resurrection Cathedral of the Heritage-led Urban Regeneration Autonomous Orthodox actors 19, 22–23 Church 85 Heritagization 129, 276 Homeland 199, 222 Herzegovina Home Secretary 241, 246 Bosnia and 121 Homogeneity 7 Herzfeld, Michael 12 Homogenization 4, 7, 244, 308, 311 Heterogeneity 7 Honkan Heterogenization 7 Mitsui 136 Heyday 284 Horitsu 63. See also Ho; Law Index 331

Horyu-ji 103, 108, 111–114. See Igarashi, Akio 33 also Temple Iida, Kishiro 61 Hosoda, Atsuko 119 Ikko Hospital Muromachi 169, 183 St. Luke’s International 134 Imitation 263 Hotel Imperial 163, 199–201 Imperial 21, 73, 79–85, 90, 239 Capital, 240, 248, 249, 285 Mandarin Oriental, Tokyo, 213 Capital Central Terminal Plan, Tokyo Station, 289 241 Hotspot Diet, 246 commercial 254 guard headquarters, 129 Houbart, Claudine 40 Headquarters, 86–91 House Hotel, 73, 79–85, 90, 239 of Councilors 277 Imperial Guards Army, 88 Hozon. See also Conservation Japan, 56 Katsuyo Keikaku 139 ordinance, 141 Hozonkata 57. See also Edict Palace, 87, 89, 237–242, Human 44, 199, 244, 284, 292 248–249, 255, 283–286 Hybridity 37, 61, 311 Station, 283, 285 Hybridization 37 Imperial Guards 21, 87, 88, 90, 110 Hyogo prefecture 112 Imperialism 6, 24, 63 Implementation 254, 279 Implication 264 I Importance 242, 246, 263, 284 I Baha Bahi 22, 104–110 Important Cultural Property 56, Iccho 63–67, 71, 72, 78, 85, 89–90, London 244 129, 133, 135–137, 150, 169, New York, 249 181–185, 187–190, 197–198, Ichigokan 73–79, 81, 85, 90, 258, 266, 274, 278–280, 291, 242–244, 253, 258–274, 281, 309. See also Bunkazai 292–293, 309–310 Important Cultural Property Special Mitsubishi, 21, 24. See also Type Specified Block System Mitsubishi (STSBS) 129–131, 137, Ichikawa, Seisaku 71 143–150, 154, 188–190, ICOMOS International Wood 201–204 Committee (IIWC) 108 Impracticability 264 Identity 179, 212–216, 220, 285, Improvement Plan 88. See also 292–293, 309–313 Headquarters national, 122 Inaba, Nobuko 109, 110, 114 332 Index

Inagaki, Eizo 180 International Centre for the Study of Incentive 131–133, 136, 139, 143, the Preservation and Restora- 150–151, 195, 210, 280, 283, tion of Cultural Property 311 (ICCROM) 17, 118 Inclination 277 International Council on Monu- Industrialization 59 ments and Sites (ICOMOS) Industry 209, 253, 258 18, 55, 109–114, 115–123, Infrastructure 165, 185, 255, 283 307 heritage, 140 Interpretation 116, 118, 187–188, Initiative 163, 182, 187, 197, 239, 206, 305, 308 253–255, 309 Inter-urban 171, 179 Inlet 237 Intervention(s) 86, 91, 111, 113, Inoue, Kaoru 207, 210, 278, 292. See also Foreign Minister 239 Headquarters, of the Imperial Inscription Guards UNESCO World Heritage 118, Inui-mon 87. See also Gate 122 Inumaru, Hideo 64–66 In-situ conservation 76–78, 83–85 Inuyama 67–69. See also Museum, Installation 219 Meiji-Mura Institution 107, 120, 170, 171–177, Invention 250 183–186, 188–190, 194–195, Inventory 180, 185, 272. See also 199, 204, 212–214, 240, 250, List 262, 276–280, 292, 305–307, of urban heritage, 64, 68, 73 310–312 Investment 170, 183–185, 192, 223, Institutionalization 305 281, 308 Instrument 313 Investor 313 Insurance 310 Iron 250 Meiji Yasuda Life, 136, 145, Isan 147–150, 252, 258, 274 Kindaika 140 Integration 130, 143–144, 163, 190, Ise Shrine 114 213, 255, 305–307, 311 Ishihara, Shintaro Integrity 41–42, 121, 244, 278. See Tokyo governor 277 also Connally Ishin. See also Meiji, Restoration Intention 255, 285 Meiji 56 Interaction 269, 281 Isolation 211, 238, 266, 291 Interest 284–286, 292 Ito, Michio 72 Interior 67, 71, 78–80, 88–90, 109, Ito, Shigeru 187 134, 200, 202, 205–207, 212, Iwasaki, Yataro 242. See also 244, 257, 286, 288, 291 Mitsubishi Index 333

family house, 85 Kakiuchi, Emiko 141 Iwate 138–139. See also Bank Kankyo 279 Bank of, 186 Kanri 138 Kanto 166, 168, 179, 200, 211, 241–244, 252, 257, 272, 289 J earthquake, 61, 75, 80 James Stewart & Co. 200 finance bureau, 81, 88. See also Japan 1–3, 9, 10, 13–14, 17–22, Earthquake 31–34, 36–39, 44–48, 103– Kasumigaseki 132, 255 123, 130–132, 139–141, 150, Kathmandu 22, 104–110, 115–116. 163–175, 179–183, 186–201, See also I Baha Bahi 204–210, 214–216, 237–239, Kato, Masahiro 307 241–247, 248–253, 255–263, Katsuyo 139. See also Conservation 265, 277, 279–281, 284–287, Kearns, Gerry 12 289, 305–307 Keio University 85. See also Hall Japanese 103–123, 130, 170, Kenchiku. See also Ho; Law 179–181, 185, 201–206, 211, kijun 130, 142 223, 237–240, 245–252, 279, Kenchikubutsu 141 284, 292–293, 307 Kennoki, Toshihiro 83 heritage practice, 37, 38 Kenzobutsu 65, 134, 260, 266, 273 Japan Railway (JR) 150 Kernel 196, 205 Jinja 219, 221. See also Shrine of authenticity, 18 Jogai 142. See also Exemption Key 187–189 Jokilehto, Jukka 7, 16, 40 Kijun 130, 132, 142 JP Kikuchi, Juro 57, 60, 68, 69–71 tower 153 Kinenbutsu 62–65, 265–266 JR East 310 Kirishiki, Shinjiro 83–84 Judgement Kisei. See also Deregulation owner’s 203 kanwa 141 to authenticity, 115 Kitanomaru 86–90 Jugobankan. See also Building Kitsch 263 Kyu Kyoryuchi 143 Kitte 152 Juyo Klijn, Erik-Hans 8 Bunkazai 130 Kobe 143, 189 Kodo Riyo Chiku 147 K Koji. See also Avenue Kabutocho 167, 240, 246, 252 Daimyo- 272 Kajima Corporation 84 Ukiyo, 218. See also Alley 334 Index

Kokikyubutsu 57. See also Edict Law 16, 21, 254, 264–266, 277, Kokuho 63. See also Ho; Law 287, 291 Kondo Ancient Temples and Shrines, of Horyuji 62 129–133, 135–143, 149–150, Kong, Lily 12 154 Konoe Shidan Shireibu Chosha 87. Building Standards, 67, 130, 187, See also Headquarters; Imperial 188, 218 Kono, Toshiyuki 41, 118–123 City Parks, 67 Korea. See Horyu-ji city planning, 67, 130, 182, 195, Korean Cultural Heritage Adminis- 196 tration. See Cultural Heritage decentralization, 177 Administration (CHA) fire protection, 207 Korean War 166 for the Preservation of Old Koshaji 58. See Ho; Law Shrines and Temples, 57 Kotler, Philip 8 for the Protection of Cultural Kozan 206 Properties, 58, 129 Kume, Daijiro 135 heritage, 180, 187, 189, 198, Kyoryuchi 143. See also Jugobankan 203, 207, 208 Kyoto 143, 189 Historical Sites, Places of Scenic Kyugokan 73. See also Higashi; Beauty, and Natural Monu- Ichigokan ments Preservation Law, 63, 141 National Treasures Preservation, 63, 141 L Preservation, 141 Labadi, Sophia 11–12, 115–118, regarding the Preservation 308 Important Works of Fine Arts, Land 147–148, 151, 152, 167, 63 171–173, 185–187, 190–192, Urban Building, 142, 187, 218 237–242, 246, 249, 253–255, Layer 213, 214–218 265, 272, 277, 282 Layout 286 Landmark 132, 179, 183, 191, Leader 199–201, 238–240 272–274 Leadership 177, 204, 214, 238–241, Landowner 32, 215, 242, 252, 281 284 Landscape 2, 14, 18, 132, 148–150, Leary, Michael 12 182, 196–197, 214–219, Leaseholder(s) 24, 32 241–244, 249, 257, 266, 283, Lefebvre, Henri 31 286, 309. See also Townscape Legacy 23–24, 173–175, 179, 192, Larsen, Knut Einar 56–57, 122 196–198, 201, 209, 211–212, Index 335

218, 244, 276, 285, 292–293, M 307, 309–310 Macdonald, Susan 39 Legislation 129, 130, 138, 141, 142, Machinami 215 152, 181, 182, 307 Machine heritage, 55–59, 61–63 differencing 3, 213, 293 Legitimacy 293, 310 Machizukuri 179, 187, 188 Lemaire, Raymond 42, 122 Maeno, Masaru 134 License 257 Main Life Mitsui 136, 139, 146–147 Meiji Yasuda 136, 139, 144–150, Mainichi Shimbun 76 252, 274 Maintenance 197 Linkage 198 Majority 257, 293 List 110–111, 273, 287 Makers 311 of Japanese Modern Architecture. Making 241–244, 260, 276, 279 See Inventory Management 120, 121, 138–139, World Heritage, 111, 113, 115 183–187, 201–203, 244, 255, Listing 115 262, 265, 279, 281, 305, 309 World Heritage, 115 Mandarin 213. See also Hotel Livingston 200, 204–206. See also Manhattan Plan 253–254 Trowbridge Manifestation 154, 305, 313 Lloyd Wright, Frank 80–85 spatial, 2 Lloyd Wright, Olgivanna 83 urban, 4, 18 Lobby Mansions Imperial Hotel 73, 84–85, 90 of feudal lords 237, 240–242 Lobbying 113 Marble 206 Local 7–9 Market-directing 293 Location 192–196, 279–280 Marshland 163 authenticity, 31 Marunouchi 20, 23–24, 32–35, integrity (US), 42 44–48, 74, 75–79, 150–154, Logan, William 11 175–179, 182, 192–195, Loggia 219 211, 237–264, 266, 268–293, Lombard Street 242 308–310 London 242–251, 255, 262–263, Masonry 168, 244 266, 272, 281 Massachusetts Long, Colin 12 Institute of Technology 200 Lords Master feudal 237, 240–242 Architect 214, 215 Lowenthal, David 15–17, 31, 312 plan, 175–179, 191–195 Luke 134. See also Hospital Master Plan 254 336 Index

Masuda, Kanefusa 104, 108–111, Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) 113, 114, 118, 143 137, 147–150, 186, 202–204, Material 17, 20, 109, 111–112, 169, 209–210 206–209, 220, 241–244, 257, Memory 257, 284, 310 263, 272, 278, 286–292. See Merchant 165, 167, 309 also Fabric Merrill Lynch 173–175, 179, 212 heritage, 32, 33, 35–37, 40–42 Meskell, Lynn 11–14 material-oriented, 17 Metal 219 Materiality 203, 274 Metaphor 249 Matsuhashi, Tatsuya 35 Nara Document, 122 Matsusaka 166 Metropolis 165 Maximum 185 Metropolitan 14, 22, 34, 48, Mechanism 282, 308, 312 69, 81–83. See also Tokyo Medieval 16 Metropolitan Government Meeting 114, 123, 144–146, 147, (TMG) 185–187, 194, 239, 255, Mie Prefecture 166 260–263, 271, 274, 287 Milestone Meiji 21–22, 56–61, 66–76, 79, 83, Nara Document 119 89–90, 237–243, 246–252, Militarism 63 258, 274 Military 241–242 Centennial, 73, 83, 89, 307 Minato-ward 136 era/period, 56, 61, 66–71, 73, 79, Mining 168, 209 89, 90, 167, 206, 211 Minister 186 government, 57, 165, 167 Foreign, 239 heritage, 60, 68, 69, 73, 75, 84, of Construction, 83 87 of Education, 75, 78, 277. See museum, 68, 73, 84, 307 also Kennoki nationalism, 75 Prime, 83–85, 89. See also Sato, period, 35, 104, 117, 307 Eisaku Restoration, 56, 59 Ministerial spirit, 69 Conference on Economic Yasuda Life, 133, 136–150 Measures 185 Yasuda Life Insurance Head- Ministry(ies) 64, 76, 83–85, 88–90, quarters, 182, 183, 186, 177, 185–187, 253 310 Army, 240 Member 255, 262–263, 265–267, of Construction, 130, 132, 147, 278, 280 177, 186, 187, 277 Memorandum of Education and Culture, 107 Vienna 2 Index 337

of Land, Infrastructure, Transport Morioka 138–139 and Tourism, 282 Mori, Tekeshi 88. See also Coup of Railways, 246 d’état; Headquarters Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Mortar 288 Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Mostar 121 185–189, 282 Motif 216–219 Minka 67 Motivation 264–266, 306, 313 Minobe, Ryokichi 83. See also Movement 305 Governor MR1 Plan 147, 182–202, 208–210, Misconception 213–214, 222, 309. See also on heritage practice 114 Mitsui; Nihonbashi Mission 105–108. See also I Baha Municipal(ity) 23, 148. See also Bahi Ward Mitsubishi 21–24, 73–79, 81, 85, Muramatsu, Teijiro 78, 180 90, 144–147, 182, 239–248, Muromachi 166–169, 179–181, 251–274, 281–282, 292–293, 183, 192, 197, 202, 214–223. 309–311 See also Nihonbashi Mitsui 23–24, 136, 139, 146–150, Museum 65, 67–72, 78, 84–85, 89, 154, 163–223, 309–310 260, 268–271 Takatoshi, 166 Meiji-Mura, 14, 22, 68–69, 73, Mitsui Main Building 168, 179–223 84, 307 Mitsukoshi 183, 190–192, 198, 206, Open-air, 14, 21 213, 216 Mixed use 171 Mizumoto Park 83 Mode 130, 149 N Modernity 59. See also Meiji Nagatacho 255 Modernization 39, 57–59, 86, 104, Nagoya 117, 165–167, 206, 211, 216, city hall 131 239, 284 Nagoya Railroad Company 68–69, Modifications 286, 291 85. See also Museum Monastery 22, 105. See also I Baha Nairobi 41 Bahi UNESCO Recommendation, 2 of I Baha Bahi, 105–107 Nairobi Recommendation 41 Monopoly 23, 33, 256, 311–312 Naka-Dori 192, 218–219, 245–249, Monument 13, 22, 38, 40, 108, 253. See also Avenue 111–112, 142, 191, 265–266, Nakajima, Gentaro 287 Education Minister 277 Monumentalization 12 Nakamura, Kenjiro 64 338 Index

Nakanohashi 138, 186. See also Nihonbashi East-Muromachi District Bank; Iwate Redevelopment (NEMDR) Nakatani, Norihito 76 214–216 Nara Nikolai-do 85. See also Cathedral; city 69, 306 Holy conference, 17, 22, 43, 103, 108, Nippon 250 114, 115–118 Institute of Technology, 105–108 Document, 17, 22, 44, 55, 103, See I Baha Bahi 118–123, 278–279, 308 Nippon Budokan 89 Prefecture, 62 Nishimura, Yukio 57–58, 279 Narrative 276, 313 No. 180–183, 191–194, 213 national, 48 Nobility 200 Nation 165, 187, 223, 274, 284, Noda, Utaro 72 307, 309, 310, 311–313 Noguchi, Hideo 108 Nationalism 48, 63, 75, 122, 211, Nomination 104, 110, 111, 293 113–115, 117, 118, 120, 121 National Register of Historic Places UNESCO World Heritage, 22 139 Nomura 134. See also Otemachi Nation-State 307, 310, 313 real estate development, 214, 218 Negotiation 136–148, 183–186, Nomura, Kazunori 36 195, 240–242, 267–270 Norway 114 Neighbourhood 238–240, 274 Nostalgia 218 Neoliberal Notifications 203 globalization 14 urban governance, 12 Nepal 22, 104–110 O Network Objection 255, 262, 271 railway 240 Obsolescence transportation and pedestrian, functional 66 283 Obsoleteness 75, 257. See also Newman, Joshua 8–10 Ichigokan Nihon 171, 180, 185, 188, 195, Occupation 166, 182, 205, 208. 258, 272 See also General Headquarters Nihonbashi 20, 23, 32–35, 45–48, (GHQ) 163–179, 190–201, 204–223, Office 198–201, 204–206, 210, 239, 240, 252, 279, 309 242–246, 249–251, 260, 263, higashi, 45 265, 270–274, 280–283 honcho, 35 building, 310 tower, 311 Index 339

use, 136 Nomura building, 134 Offshoot 306 Overseas 143 Okada, Tsuneo 288, 291 Owner 134–141, 142–150, 181– Okamoto, Satoshi 237, 248 186, 192, 202, 206, 258–260, Olympics. See also Imperial, Hotel; 267, 270–271, 277, 280, War 309–310 summer 166, 196 land, 24 summer in 2020, 32 property, 8 Tokyo Summer Games 1940, 80 Ownership 209, 240, 309, 311 Omi, Koji 186 Oxford O-ota, Hirotaro 78 Dictionary of Economics 8 Open-air Museum 307. See also Museum, Meiji-Mura Openness 269 P Operation 148–150 Package Operational Guidelines (OG) 41–42. economic 185–187, 223 See also United Nations Educa- emergency economic, 34 tional, Scientific and Cultural Palace 237–242, 248–249, 255, Organization (UNESCO) 283–286 UNESCO, 111, 116, 118–123 Akasaka, 75 Opinion 267, 285 Imperial, 87, 89, 163, 309 Opposition 272 Palimpsest 311 Ordinance 143, 215, 273 Pandora’s Box 17, 120, 309 Organization Paradigm 114, 116, 119, 308 for Promoting Urban Paragraph 202–204. See also Development 171 Memorandum of Agreement third-party, 285 (MOA) Oriental 213. See also Hotel Parcel 242, 281 Orientation 192, 198 Parent, Michel 115 Original 109, 112–114, 117, 123 Paris 239, 255 design and form, 113, 114 Park 67, 83, 86–90 fabric, 112, 117 Kitanomaru, 86–90 material, 113 Park Service techniques and styles, 117 United States National 42 Originality 263 Partnership(s) 144, 175, 179, Ornamentation 205 183–187, 212–214, 222, 241, Osaka Expo 81 244, 251, 281, 307–311 Otemachi 196, 240, 254–255, 262, public-private, 2, 4, 8, 21–24, 33, 281 35, 48 340 Index

Passion 264 MR1, 309 Past 274, 286 Planetary 5 Patan 105–106 Planners 311 Pedersen, William Planning 130–134, 142–143, of the Kohn Pedersen Fox 147–150, 171–173, 177, 182, Associates 171 185–190, 194–196, 202, 210, Pelli, Cesar 204, 207 212, 248, 253–257, 258–262, Pendlebury, John 11, 40–41 265–271, 279–285, 277, 306, Pereira, Roders 41 312 Perils 220 city, 15 Permission 271, 291 urban, 10, 13, 31–34, 40–41, 45, Permission System for Comprehen- 46 sive Building Design (PSCBD) Player 281, 292 134, 143, 147, 195 Plaza 270, 284 Permit 139, 143, 196, 203, 210, 242 Plea 80. See also Olympics building, 81–84 Plevoets, Bie 44 demolition, 89 Podium 272, 274 Petition letters 81–84 Policy 117, 121, 132, 137, 139–140, Phase 213, 220, 252, 257–260 149, 167, 200, 201–206, of I Baha Bahi Restoration, 215, 237–239, 253–255, 262, 107–108 269, 276–277, 280, 286, 292, Philo, Chris 12 306–308, 311 Philosophy 117, 219 Politics 240, 305, 309–311 Physical 278, 283, 292–293 Postmodernism 103 Pigsty 72 Post Office Place 165, 170, 175, 178, 195, Tokyo Central 152 214–216, 223, 239, 244, Post-war 61, 63, 66, 68, 71–73, 245, 258, 263, 279, 292–293, 249, 253, 285–288 305–307, 309–311. See also Potsdam Declaration 88 Headquarters Power 120, 122, 170, 177, 184, stigmatized, 88 197, 201, 212–213, 220–223, Placed 202, 209 306–311 Placemaking 3–5, 18, 31, 32, 37, Powerhouse 31, 38 44–46, 130, 212, 263, 293, Practice 103–104, 108, 111–119, 305–307 121–123, 182, 195–196, 241, Plan 171–173, 175–179, 183–188, 243, 279, 292–293, 307 191–201, 208–210, 212–214, Practitioners 110, 117 220–223, 239–249, 253–257, Pratt, Mary Louise 36–39 267–269, 277, 281, 291 Prerequisite 137 Index 341

Presence 214, 220 Property 169, 173–175, 179–194, Preservation 12, 13, 15–18, 41–43, 196–198, 201–205, 207–210, 57–58, 63, 70–71, 141, 213, 220, 244, 252, 258–267, 148–149, 150, 182, 203, 208, 270, 274, 276–279, 280, 287, 258, 267, 274, 286–287, 292, 291, 307–309 307–308. See also Conservation Protection 12, 21, 39, 41, 58, President 61–67, 76, 79, 82, 86–89, of JR East 277 104, 110, 130, 132, 133, 136, Press Conference 277 139–142, 148, 154, 194–196, Pressouyre, Léon 118 198, 202–204, 207–210, 242, Pride 201 245, 287, 291, 311. See also national, 285 Conservation Prime Minister 83–85, 89. See also Prototype 134, 273, 306 Sato, Eisaku Proximity 237 Principle(s) 35–37, 40–41, 115, Publicness 269 117–119. See also Conservation Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) of conservation, 112, 117 8–10. See also Partnership(s) Priority 240, 274, 277, 292 Purchasing 242 Privatization 2, 8–12, 46, 210, 277, Purpose 283 313 Pursuit 274 Privilege 311 Process 239, 257, 262, 273–276, 279–280, 305–311 Q decision-making, 257, 262, 276 Quality Production 307 of place 311 Professionals 117–118 Quarter 242–244 Profit 219 Queen Program Anne style 73 TDR 277, 280, 282, 283, 292 Use & Function, 289 Project 167, 171–179, 182–187, R 190, 194–195, 212–216, 219– Raid 222, 246, 255–269, 270–282, air- 285–287 288, 291, 292, 305, 309–310. Railroad 68–71, 85. See also See also Redevelopment Company; Museum of I Baha Bahi, 104–114 Railway 150, 238, 240, 246, 277, of Kathmandu, 104–114 286–288. See also Japan Promotion 174, 179 Railway (JR) Raison d’être 262 342 Index

Ratification Redevelopment 1–24, 32–48, of the World Heritage Convention 103–123, 129–154, 163–222, 55 237–293, 305–309, 310–313. Ratio 130, 141–143, 147–150 See also Regeneration floor area, 277, 281, 283 urban, 1–24 Rationale 131, 188–189, 197–201, Redux 149–150 210, 262–264, 308 Reform 141 of heritage conservation, 123 decentralization, 23 Rationalization 211 national economy, 2 Rebels 88. See also Headquarters post-war, 205 Recession 139 urban governance, 9 Recipe 258 Regeneration 19–20, 22, 31–39, Recognition 269, 274 43–45, 123, 130, 132, 135, Recommendation. See also Nairobi 137, 143, 148–154, 163, 171, areas 41 173–180, 182–185, 186–190, Concerning the Safeguarding and, 199, 201, 209, 212–222, 255, 41 258, 277–286, 292, 305–311. Contemporary Role of Historic, See also Redevelopment 41 urban, 15, 19–20, 22 UNESCO Nairobi Regime 313 Recommendation, 2 urban, 24 UNESCO Recommendation, 41 Region 115–116 UNESCO Recommendation on Register 246, 266 the Historic Urban Landscape, United States National, 41–43 2 Registration 139–140, 141 Reconstruction 40–41, 61, 63, 67, Regulation 141, 148, 203, 210, 242, 69–72, 81, 104, 112, 114, 267, 276, 312 121, 143, 166, 223, 239, Rehabilitation 13. See also 265–267, 271, 285–287, 310. Conservation See also Conservation Reinforcement 109, 110 heritage, 13 Rekishiteki. See also Tokyo urban, 10 kenzobutsu 134 Recovery Relationship 265–268, 270, post-disaster 179, 201 279–283 Recreation 196, 221, 281 Relativism 119 Redbrick 24, 75, 242–248, 251– Relaxation 9, 131, 186–187, 195. 253, 263, 309–310. See also See also Deregulation Marunouchi Relic 265 Relocation 67, 69–72, 76–79, 83–85 Index 343

Remains. See also Ichigokan Rezoning 9–11 archaeological 266 Rhythm 244, 272 Remnant(s) 173, 238, 257, 264, Right 310–312 267, 274 Ripp, Mattihias 13 Renaissance 200, 214 Rituals 119 Renewal 12, 21, 170, 309. See also River Redevelopment; Regeneration Nihonbashi 179 Repair 107, 109, 110, 114, 116, Roberts, Peter 11 117, 138, 203, 210, 274 Robinson, Judith 204 Replacement 110, 286 Roccu, Roberto 5 Replica 262–264 Rodwell, Dennis 13 Replication 24, 34–36, 219–220, Rokumeikan 68–69, 73, 79, 239. 258–269, 274, 293, 310. See See also Conder, Josiah also Ichigokan Role 185–187, 191–195, 244, 249, Representation 308 252, 258, 293 Reproduction 214, 219–223 Roof 289–291 Request 241, 254 Roppongi 194 Requirement 265–266, 289 Rössler, Mechtild 115, 120–123 Researchers 107 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 16 Residue 135 Rowney, Barry 118 Resolution 254 Rule 218, 241–242, 280 Resource 245, 265 Russia 59, 79, 248 Responsibility 242, 245, 280 Russo-Japanese War 62, 245–251, Restaurant 289 285 Restoration 13, 22, 38, 56, 59, 69–71, 104–108, 109, 149, 196, 212, 240, 276–279, 286, S 289, 292. See also Conservation Safeguarding 121 Restriction(s) 130, 142, 150–152, Safety 288 182, 187, 195, 241, 256 Sagalyn, Lynne 8–9 Restructuring 249, 252, 293 Sakashita-mon 87. See also Gate Retention 109, 112, 286 Sakitani, Yasufumi 140 Reuse Sakura-Dori. See Street adaptive 209 Edo 214–216 Revenue 286 Sakurai, Kotaro 251 Revision 247 Sale 286 Revitalization 34, 149, 171, 177, Sand, Jordan 17–18, 120 185–187, 194, 201 Sankeien 67 Revival 287, 291 Santa Fe 344 Index

UNESCO World Heritage Shin, Hyun Bang 311 Committee 108 Shinjuku 175 Sapporo 71, 72 Shino-Japanese War 80 Sassen, Saskia 1, 5, 6, 306 Shirokiya 23, 165, 170–175, 309. Sato, Eisaku 84. See also Prime See also Nihonbashi Minister Shogunate Savas, Steve 8 Tokugawa 167 Scale 249–251, 255, 258, 268, 272, Shop 273, 283, 286, 306, 309 Mitsui 199 Scenery 277 Shopping 242, 252, 286 Scheme 242, 258–262, 283, 286, district, 191, 196 293 Showa period 15, 56, 73, 79, 133, Schism 120 135, 140, 206, 211, 252, 307 Sector 165, 167, 171–177, 211–213, Showa period 144–146, 181–182 223, 237–241, 250, 253–254, Shrine 56, 58, 60–65, 67–68, 269, 279–280, 285, 309–311 219–223 Seed 166 Fukutoku, 219–223 Seismic 109, 113, 200, 211, 291 Yakusho, 222 Sekino, Masaru 57, 59, 67, 76 Shuri 138 Sekler, Eduard 107. See also Harvard Siegenthaler, Peter 17 University Significance 132, 140, 174, 180, Selection 273 181, 204, 209, 260–270, Selection 183–187 271–274, 280 Selling 282 Simplicity 200, 204–206 Seta, Fumihiko 35, 219, 223 Sino-Japanese War 246 Setback(s) 130, 195–196, 267 Site 141, 135–137 Setting 104, 116, 119, 137, 140, Size 247–251, 287 144, 190–197, 243, 279–283, Skills 291 307 Skyline 257, 274, 283 authenticity, 40–42 Skyscraper 171, 251, 283 Settlement 143 Slate 289 SF Project 258–262, 267–274 Slavery 36 Shakespeare, William 16 Smith, Laurajane 16, 118, 121 Shibuya 175 Smith, Neil 4 Shigaichi Sochiho 151. See also Act; Ho Kenchiku Ho 141. See also Ho; Society 252, 255, 284 Law Japanese, 181, 201, 211 Shimizu, Shigeatsu 58 Sociologist 35, 307 Shinbashi 246 Sociology 35 Index 345

Soft law 16 Status 132, 135, 142, 143, 147, 200, Soja, Edward 14 203, 211–212, 219, 245, 258, Solidness 206 262, 264–266, 267, 277, 287, Solution 292 291–293, 313 Song, Jiewon 3, 34 Steel 70, 110, 168, 211, 250, 283, Space 240, 250–252, 268–271, 283, 287 286, 289, 308, 312 Stewart, James 200 Spain 289 Stiglitz, Joseph 6 Spatialization 4 Stock Special District for Urban Renais- Tokyo Stock Exchange 165 sance (SDUR) 151, 214, Stone 69–72, 73, 80, 116–118, 119, 260 122, 167, 206, 219, 237, 242, Specified Block System (SBS) 288 130–137, 143–150, 171, 177, Stone mason 212 189, 194–195, 210, 222, 255 Store 165, 166–172, 183, 192, 198, Speculation 312–313 213, 215, 216–222 Spirit 113, 120, 166, 174, 192, 201, Takashimaya, 153–154 209, 247, 285, 310 Stovel, Herb 41–43, 109, 114, 116, authenticity, 43 119, 122 of Meiji, 69. See also Nara, Strategy 130, 132, 138, 163, 175, Document 182–186, 187–190, 192–196, Sprinkle, John 42 201, 206, 209, 213–214, Sri Lanka 17 220–223, 255, 258, 271, Stagnation 251 276–279, 284, 292–293 economic, 170, 175, 192, 201 Street 177, 192, 196, 198, 206, 213, Stakeholder 9, 11, 35, 145, 189, 214–216, 242–249, 258–262, 195, 281–285 266, 272, 283 Standardization 38 Edo-Sakura-Dori, 215 Standard(s) 42, 104, 111, 115, 130, Naka-Dori, 215 131, 142 Surugacho-Dori, 192 Starn, Randolph 15–16, 118 Streetscape 214–216, 245 State 308–310, 313 Structure 104–110, 111–114, 134, Statement 110, 111–112 140–142, 148, 167–169, 174, Station 238, 240–243, 245–254, 181–183, 192, 200, 202–206, 258, 265–267, 272, 276–292, 211, 214, 239, 241, 245, 309–310 249–251, 260, 264–269, Echigoya, 213–214 273–279, 285–287, 289–292 Tokyo, 24, 35, 36, 150–152 Struggle 308 power, 21 346 Index

Style 167, 172, 191, 199–201, 205, Takada Company 244 211, 216–220, 238–240, 243, Takahashi, Seiichiro 62, 64 249–251, 263, 277, 282–285 Takahashi, Teitaro 81 Subcommittee 183, 277 Takashimaya 183 Meiji architecture, 73, 78 Department Store, 279 Subcommittee 260–262 Tokyo Store, 153–154 Subsidy 1, 9, 63, 65, 148–150, Takashimaya 220–223 181–182, 209, 265, 277, 280 Takashina, Masayuki 108, 117 Substance 206–207, 288 Takenaka Substantiating 310 Corporation 144 Supervision 110, 111, 171, 280 Talani, Leila 5 Supreme Commander for the Allied Tallon, Andrew 6 Powers (SCAP) 62 Tamura, Yasushi 87 Surrender 88. See also Headquarters Tangible 139 Surroundings 151, 248, 268, 279, cultural heritage, 56, 63 292, 310 Tangible 142 Suruga-cho 192 Taniguchi, Yoshiro 61, 71 Surugacho-Dori 192, 206. See also Tanikawa, Tetsuzo 68 Street Teacher 247 Suzuki, Hiroyuki 63, 143, 199, 279, Team 105–108, 122. See also I Baha 284, 288, 291 Bahi Sweet, Jonathan 17 Technique(s) 43, 104–110, 117, Sykes, Hugh 11 119, 211, 249–251, 286–292. Symbol 122, 195, 201, 244, 249, See also Nara, Document 257, 285–286, 292 Technology 105–108, 199–201, 209, Symposium 108–111 211, 250 System 129–137, 139–140, 142– Teikoku 79. See also Imperial, Hotel 154, 171, 177, 181–186, Telecommunication 238 187–190, 194–196, 201, 210, Telephone Switching Station 71. 211, 250, 254–255, 258–262, See also Hokkaido; Sapporo; 264–267, 271, 277, 279–285, Museum 291–292, 306–308, 311 Temple 56, 57, 60–63, 67–68, 103 urban planning, 32–34 Horyuji, 62. See also Fire Todaiji, 69. See also Horyu-ji Tenement T house plan 269 Tahara, Yukio 35 Terminal Taisho period 73, 79, 81, 84, 137, station 175 245, 247–252, 258, 307 Terminal Plan 241 Index 347

Territory 105, 177, 222 Tradition 43, 57, 59, 113, 115, 119, Test 112, 116–118, 120 192, 211, 220, 288–291 of authenticity, 41–42 national, 122. See also Nara, Test-pit 266 Document Text 112, 115, 120, 121 Tr a m 68 Theory 114, 121 Tr a nsfer 177, 197, 210 Tiles 288–291 Transfer Development Rights (TDR) Timber 109, 167 150, 277, 279, 282, 292, Tokio Marine Building 82 309–310 Tokugawa, Ieyasu 163, 167, 219, Transformation 163–222, 237–292, 237 306, 309–312 Tokyo 1–24, 31–48, 55–81, 81–91, Transnationalism 2 163–222, 237–293, 305–307, Transportation 277, 283 310–311 Trea sure Tokyo Metropolitan Government national 63–67, 69 (TMG) 14, 22–23, 32–35, Treatment 21, 108, 119, 265, 278, 81–83, 88, 132–137, 143– 286. See also Conservation 148, 151–154, 173–177, 182, Trea t y 108, 239 185–189, 196–198, 210, 214, Trend 305–307 223, 253–257, 258–262, 265, Tripartite 257 270–274, 277, 281 Triumph 24, 247–251 Tokyo Metropolitan Selected over Russia, 59. See also Historical Structure 134, Russo-Japanese War 273–274 Troops 240 Tokyu 170–175 Trowbridge Tomatsu House 69. See also Museum and Livingston 200 Tool 312 Tr ust 173, 205–206 Tourism 185 Truthfulness 41 Tower 170–172, 179, 191–198, authenticity, 41. See also 202–203, 207, 210, 213–218, Operational Guidelines (OG) 253–260, 270–274, 282 Tsuchikawa, Moto-o 68 Townbridge Tung, Anthony 6 and Livingston 202–205 Turmoil 252 Townscape 18, 67, 239, 242, 253, 272. See also Landscape Tr a c e 199–201 U Tr a c k 288 Uchida, Yoshio 76, 79 Tr a d e 219–222, 241, 271–274 Uchisaiwaicho 255 Ueno, Kunikazu 115 348 Index

Ukiyo Koji 218. See also Alley Van Oers, Ron 41 UN-Habitat 13 Variation 244 Uniform 218 Variety 244 Uniqueness 252, 312 Veldpaus, Loes 41 United Nations Educational, Scien- Venice Charter 16, 22, 35, 40–41, tific and Cultural Organization 113, 115, 117, 118, 120, 204, (UNESCO) 3, 7, 10, 13, 278. See also Charter 18, 22, 38, 41–43, 103, 104, Vibrancy 196 107–115, 117, 118, 120–122, Vicinity 237, 255 278–279, 307 Victimhood 307 United States (US) 8, 32, 42 Victory 59, 62, 79, 246, 285, 310. Unity 244 See also War Upscale 312 Vienna Urban Building Law (UB) 141, 142, UNESCO Vienna Memorandum 187, 218 2 Urbanism 40, 220, 305–307 Vision 118, 120, 122, 175, 179, Urbanization 15, 67, 130, 140, 166, 187, 196, 238, 240–244 252 Vitality 196, 257 Usability 269 Voice 116, 122 Use 60, 67, 71, 78, 147, 148, 151, Vories, William 143 152, 182, 202–203, 205–210, 214, 241, 244, 252, 257–260, 264–270, 277, 282–283, 288–291, 307, 311, 312 W Utilization 64, 147, 185, 195, 254, Wainscoting 269, 277 wall 206 Wakefield 42. See also Birthplace Wall 78, 80, 109–110, 167, 181, V 196, 198, 204, 206, 283, 288 Valletta War 58–63, 65–68, 71–73, 79– ICOMOS Valletta Principles for 81, 88–90, 245–249, 252, the Safeguarding and Manage- 273–277, 281–287, 293, 310 ment of Historic Cities, Towns 1905 War, 24 and Urban Areas 2 Cold War, 16, 191 Valley post-war, 201, 205, 208 Kathmandu 105–107, 109 pre-war, 205 Value 244, 257, 266, 273, 277, Russo-Japanese War, 62 286–287, 293, 306–307, 313 Shino-Japanese War, 80 Van Balen, Koenraad 44, 120 World War I, 59, 250 Index 349

World War II, 21, 40, 88, 182, X 190–192, 252 Xi’an Declaration 3 Ward 136, 147, 171–172, 175–179, 187, 194–197, 255, 264, 267, 281 administrative territory, 23 Y Waseda, University 175 Yaesu 258, 266, 270–274, 284, 293, Washington Charter 2. See also 310. See also Building Charter Marunouchi Yaesu Building, 24 Watanabe, Akiyoshi 104, 114 Yaesu District 187, 196 Watanabe, Katsuhiko 104, 107, 109 Yakusho Shrine 222 Watanabe, Yuzuru 79 Yamaguchi, Hiroshi 79 Waterfront 196 Yasuda Wealth 309 Life Insurance 136, 139, 144–150 Weapon 313 Meiji Yasuda Life, 182–186 Weaponization 4 Yehoue, Etienne 9 Wedding 11 Yokohama Weise, Kai 108 Specie Bank 191 Weiss, Lindsay 9, 308 Yokokawa, Tamisuke 168 West 117, 166, 204, 205, 216–218, Yosekiritsu 150. See also Floor Area 239, 307 Ratio (FAR) Westernization 61, 201 Yúdice, George 5–7 Western Style. See Heritage Yurakucho 246, 254–257, 281 architecture 13 West-Muromachi 216 Wetlands 191 Widow 83. See also Imperial, Hotel Z Wijesuriya, Gamini 17 Zaibatsu 23, 73, 167–169, 199–201, Wolf, Martin 6 205–211, 223, 241, 309 Wood 56–57, 59, 66–67, 70, 108, Zone 20, 36–39, 150. See also 109, 111, 113, 116–119 Contact Workmanship 119. See also urban aesthetic, 82 Operational Guidelines (OG) Zoning 210, 269, 312 authenticity, 41–42 Zukin, Sharon 3–5, 7, 12, 16, 306, Worthy 284 311–313