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Seismic Interpretation of the Nam Con Son Basin and Its Implication for the Tectonic Evolution INDONESIAN JOURNAL on GEOSCIENCE

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Seismic Interpretation of the Nam Con Son Basin and Its Implication for the Tectonic Evolution INDONESIAN JOURNAL on GEOSCIENCE Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 3 No. 2 August 2016: 127-137 INDONESIAN JOURNAL ON GEOSCIENCE Geological Agency Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Journal homepage: hp://ijog.geologi.esdm.go.id ISSN 2355-9314, e-ISSN 2355-9306 Seismic Interpretation of the Nam Con Son Basin and its Implication for the Tectonic Evolution Nguyen Quang Tuan1, Nguyen Thanh Tung1, Tran Van Tri2 1Exploration and Production Centre - Vietnam Petroleum Institute 2Vietnam Union of Geological Sciences Corresponding author: [email protected] Manuscript received: March 8, 2016; revised: June 17, 2016; approved: July 19, 2016; available online: August 4, 2016 Abstract - The Nam Con Son Basin covering an area of circa 110,000 km2 is characterized by complex tectonic settings of the basin which has not fully been understood. Multiple faults allowed favourable migration passageways for hydrocarbons to go in and out of traps. Despite a large amount of newly acquired seismic and well data there is no significant update on the tectonic evolution and history of the basin development. In this study, the vast amount of seismic and well data were integrated and reinterpreted to define the key structural events in the Nam Con Son Basin. The results show that the basin has undergone two extentional phases. The first N - S extensional phase terminated at around 30 M.a. forming E - W trending grabens which are complicated by multiple half grabens filled by Lower Oligocene sediments. These grabens were reactivated during the second NW - SE extension (Middle Miocene), that resulted from the progressive propagation of NE-SW listric fault from the middle part of the grabens to the margins, and the large scale building up of roll-over structure. Further to the SW, the faults of the second extentional phase turn to NNE-SSW and ultimately N - S in the SW edge of the basin. Most of the fault systems were inactive by Upper Miocene except for the N - S fault system which is still active until recent time. Keywords: seismic, tectonic evolution, Nam Con Son Basin © IJOG - 2016, All right reserved How to cite this article: Tuan, N.Q., Tung, N.T., and Tri, T.V., 2016. Seismic Interpretation of the Nam Con Son Basin and its Implication for the Tectonic Evolution. Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, 3 (2), p.127-137. DOI: 10.17014/ijog.3.2.127-137 Introduction acquired seismic and well data. This causes high uncertainties in the evaluation of petroleum system The Nam Con Son Basin (NCSB) is located trap integrity and HC generation and migration. in the south-eastern continental shelf margin The probability of petroleum exploration success of Vietnam with anIJOG area of circa 110,000 km2, for commercial discovery in the basin is rather low bordered by Con Son swell in the northwest, (16% - unpublished data) probably because of the Khorat - Natuna Arch in the southwest, and Tu complex tectonic settings of the basin that has not Chinh High in the east (Figure 1). fully been understood. In this article, the authors Multiple institutions and geoscientist teams have present a revised interpretation of the tectonic de- been studying the basin, with many articles that velopment in the basin scale based on the entire set have been published. However, there has not been of seismic and well data. Basin tectonic evolution is any significant update on the tectonic evolution critical to improve understanding of the evaluation and basin history despite a large amount of newly of petroleum system in the Nam Con Son Basin. 127 Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, Vol. 3 No. 2 August 2016: 139-149 Mae Ping Fault Three Pagodas Fault EAST SEA OCEANIC CRUST Ho Chi Minh City N Mesozoic Phu Quoc Basin Cuu Long Basin Truong Sa (Spartly) Con Son Swell TROUGH West Baram Line PATTANI PATTANI KHORAT ARCH Nam Con Son Basin DANGEROUS GROUNDS NORTH LUCONIA Malay-Tho Chu Basin PROVINCE East Natuna Basin NORTH BORNEO TROUGH West Natuna Basin BARAM DELTA PROVINCE WESTERN NATUNA CENTRA LUCONIA ARCH L LUCONIA PROVINCE West Balingian Liro PROVINCE Penyu Basin BALINGIAN TATAU PROVINCE Rajang Accretionary Prism PROVINCE TINJAR PROVINCE Tatau Line SUNDA SHELF Lupar Line BORNEO 0 60 120 240 360 480 Km Figure 1. The main tectonic and structural features of the Nam Con Son Basin and adjacent areas. Regional Geologic and Tectonic Set- nam Seafloor, which propagated initially from E tings of The Basin to W then WSW. At about 25 Ma, the axis of the seafloor spreading shifted from WSW trend to In Southeast Asia, by Paleocene, the south- SW trend (Andrew, 2010; Morley, 2007; Pubellier east extrusion of the Indochina Block and and Morley, 2014). southward drift of the proto East Vietnam Sea At the end of Early Miocene, southwestward associated with the collision of Luconia micro propagation of the seafloor spreading continued continent and Borneo caused a series of right- by a continental breakup, caused the second ex- lateral transform faults in the East Vietnam tension phase at the SW of the rift tip including Shelf extending to the East Luconia. This com- NCSB, associated with NE - SW normal faults and bination possibly derived N - S extension in the deposition of syn-extension sediments in NE - SW Sunda Shelf (Hall, 2002, 2009, 2013; Hutchison, grabens. The second extension phase is derived by 2004; Clift, 2008). Matthews (1997) and Fyhn NW - SE regional extension as a slab-pull of the et al. (2009) proposed the onset of rifting in the SE drifting Dangerous Ground and the subduction proto East Vietnam SeaIJOG (EVNS) as well as the of the proto EVNS beneath NW Borneo. NCSB initiated in the Eocene and lasted to the Well pronounced NW - SE central graben Early Oligocene (about 30 Ma). This rifting pe- extension and accompanied progressive large riod is controlled by N-S extension, associated scale listric faulting were probably initiated from with E - W oriented faulting and deposition of the middle of the basin to its margins creating rift-fill sediments in local W-E trending sub- a unique depocentre with large scale roll-over basins (Figure 2). structures with their crests in the middle of The rifting phase in Eocene - Early Oligocene the grabens. The large scale faults penetrate then was followed by the spreading of East Viet- the whole sedimentary cover to the basement. 128 Seismic Interpretation of the Nam Con Son Basin and its Implication for the Tectonic Evolution (N.Q. Tuan et al.) Ailao Shan-Red River Fault Zone 90O E 100O E 110O E East Himalayan Syntaxis China O 25 N Block Burma West India Mynmar North Bac Bo Gulf Basin Vietnam Sagaing Fault Pearl River Mouth Basin Qiongdongnan Bengal Basin Laos Basin Three Pagodas Fault Song Hong Basin N Thailand Tri Ton Horst Hoang Sa O 15 N Basin EVSF Cambodia Mae Ping Phu Fault Zone Khanh Basin Mesozoic igneous belt THFZ Mergui East Sea Metamorphic Andaman Basin Pattani core complex Sea Basin Phu Quoc Cuu Long Basin Basin Truong Sa Approximate area Basin of Cenozoic Basin Tu Chinh Con Son Swell Oceanic crust Vung May Nam Con Son with magnetic anomalies Basin Trough Basin Luconia Main Cenozoic strike-slip direction East Palawan Natuna West Baram Line Subduction zone West Basin Malaysia Natuna Sumatran Fault Basin Major thrust fault Penyu Basin LuparBukit Line Mersing Line 500 km Borneo Figure 2. Regional tectonic map of SE Asia, modified after Fyhn et al., (2009), Andrew (2010) and Pubellier (2014). The studied area is marked by green curve. THFZ = Tuy Hoa Fault Zone, EVSF = East Vietnam Scarp Fault. Moreover, growth-faults and related half grabens Stratigraphically, various rock sequences became progressively younger from the middle consisting of pre-Tertiary fractured granite and part of the basin depocentre. clastic sediments of Oligocene, Lower Miocene, As the East Vietnam Seafloor spreading to- Middle Miocene, and Upper Miocene age fill in tally ceased at about 17 - 16 Ma, regional sea level the basin. Those Tertiary clastic sequences under- fell during the late IJOGMiddle Miocene leading to lain unconformably by the pre-Tertiary fractured the erosion (up to several hundred meters) of the granite are source rocks and reservoir rock of central part of the roll-over structures. potential hydrocarbon (Figure 3). The second rifting phase was then followed by a thick post-rift sequence (Upper Miocene - Plio- cene - Quaternary) due to the increase in sediment Datasets and Methods supply with respect to onshore uplift and magma- tism (Fyhn et al., 2009; Hall and Spackman, 2015, This study is based on a number of reflection Nguyen Hiep, 2007; Tri and Khuc, 2011). seismic profiles, totally 54,147 km. They cover 129 Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, Vol. 3 No. 2 August 2016: 139-149 BIO STRATIGRAPHY LITHOLOGIC LITHOLOGY DEPOSITIONAL DESCRIPTION COLUMN ENVIRONMENT EVENTS STAGE EPOCH PERIOD SEISMIC HORIZON FORMATION MAIN TECTONIC TECTONIC MAIN PALYNO zone PALYNO PETROLEUM SYSTEM PLANK. “N” zone NANNO. “N” zone QUARTENARY QUARTENARY Shale, claystone interbedded thin layers of sandstone, rich DONG Shallow marine organic matters and fossils. to outer shelf PLIOCENE-QUARTENARY Post-rift 2 Dacridiuom Phyllo T85 Yellow claystone interbedded Shallow marine with siltstone, average cemented, to slope, deep marine rich organic matters and fossils. Meridionalis Florschuetzia NN10-NN11 NN21-NN18 NN19-NN21 NN21-NN18 NN19-NN21 NN10-NN11 N16-N18 N19-N21 N22-N23 Early T65 NEOGENE Limestone intercalated thin layers of sandstone, claystone, and mudstone Subzone F. Trilobata Trilobata F. Shallow marine (inner shelf to midle shelf) Syn-rift 2 OCENE THONG-MANG CAU NAM CON SON BIEN Interbeds of claystone, siltstone, sandstone, and sometime limestone Subzone F. Semilobata F. T30 Coastal plain Interbeds of claystone, siltstone, to shallow marine sandstone, and coal layers Late Middle N6-N18 N9-N15 NN12-NN4 NN5-NN9 Inter-rift 1 Inter-rift T20 Sandstone interbedded with claystone, siltstone, and thin layers of coal Lacustrine, Deltaic CAU U A A CAU U to coastal plain PALEOGENE OLIGOCENE MI F.
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