A Description of Figurative Language Found in Shawn Mendes’S Album : Handwritten

Home , Begging You, Best Mistake, Craving You, Goodbye My Lover, It Hurts (Slow), Me and My Imagination

A DESCRIPTION OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE FOUND IN SHAWN MENDES’S ALBUM : HANDWRITTEN

A PAPER

WRITTEN

ICHSAN BAGAS PRAYOGA

REG. NO 162202004

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY

DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

MEDAN

2019

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, Ichsan Bagas Prayoga , declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains nomaterial published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which Ihave qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main textof this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree inany tertiary education.

Signed :

Date : JULY , 2019

i Universitas Sumatera Utara

Name : ICHSAN BAGAS PRAYOGA

Title of Paper : A Description of Figurative Language Found in Shawn Mendes’s Album : Handwritten Qualification : D-III / AhliMadya

Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion ofthe Libertarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Culture

StudiesUSU on the understanding that usres are made aware of their obligation under law ofthe Republic of Indonesia.

I am not willing that my papers be made available for reproduction.

Signed :

Date : JULY , 2019

ii Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT

In literary works, figurative language is unavoidable because it flavours the work more beautiful and interesting. Most language in figurative languages has many kinds of meaning because the word do not have single object. There are some categories in figurative language those have been made by some experts. Figurative language is usually used to make a lyric of song more interesting and unique. The purposes of this study were to: Identify the types of figurative languages in Stitches song lyric by Shawn Mendes in Handwritten Album. Identify the meaning of figurative languages in Stitches song lyric by Shawn Mendes. This research was a qualitative study because this study about the kind of figurative language and the meaning of figurative in Shawn Mendes song tittle 'Stitches' in album Handwritten. In this research, the researcher used objective approach to analyze the lyric and also uses popular culture document as the instrument because song lyrics is created for commercial purposes to entertain the people. Based on the research finding, the writer found some figurative languages in the Stitches song lyric by Shawn Mendes. They were hyperbole, metaphor and repetition. from five song the most of the ’ lyrics are still using the simple word and still pretty easy to understand so that, the writer can only find 3 types of figurative language. the dominant type of the figuratvie language found in Shawn Mendes Album: Handwritten is hyperbole .Hyperbole make Shawn Mendes's song has dramatic effect about sadness after break up with his lovely girl. Metaphors help Shawn Mendes's releasing his feeling after a bad break up and just wants to be happy. And the last is repetition shows us how important the girl is to him, and how important she is. The repetition could also mean that he thinks about her constantly and she is the only cure for his broken heart.

Key words : Figurtive Language , Song , Lyric , Shawn Mendes

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ABSTRAK

Dalam karya-karya sastra, Majas tidak dapat dihindari karena karya lebih indah dan menarik. Sebagian besar bahasa dalam majas memiliki banyak jenis makna karena kata tersebut tidak memiliki objek tunggal. Ada beberapa kategori dalam bahasa kiasan yang telah dibuat oleh beberapa ahli. majas biasanya digunakan untuk membuat lirik lagu lebih menarik dan unik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk: Mengidentifikasi jenis majas dalam lirik lagu Stitches oleh Shawn Mendes di Album Handwritten. Identifikasi arti bahasa kiasan dalam lirik lagu Stitches oleh Shawn Mendes. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif karena penelitian ini tentang jenis majas dan majas dalam lagu Shawn Mendes berjudul 'Stitches' di album Handwritten. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan obyektif untuk menganalisis lirik dan juga menggunakan dokumen budaya populer sebagai instrumen karena lirik lagu dibuat untuk tujuan komersial untuk menghibur orang-orang. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, penulis menemukan beberapa majas dalam lirik lagu Stitches oleh Shawn Mendes. Mereka hiperbola, metafora dan pengulangan. Hiperbola membuat lagu Shawn Mendes memiliki efek dramatis tentang kesedihan setelah putus dengan gadis cantiknya. Metafora membantu Shawn Mendes melepaskan perasaannya setelah putus dan hanya ingin bahagia. Dan yang terakhir adalah pengulangan menunjukkan kepada kita betapa pentingnya gadis itu baginya, dan betapa pentingnya dia. Pengulangan juga bisa berarti bahwa dia memikirkannya terus- menerus dan dia adalah satu-satunya obat untuk patah hati.

Kata Kunci : Bahasa Kiasan , Lagu , Lirik , Shawn Mendes

iv Universitas Sumatera Utara ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thanks and praise to Allah SWT blessing and giving me the opportunity, health, strength, and ability to accomplish this paper. However,this this success would not be achieved without support from individual, people and institution. For all guidance, the researcher would like thanks to:

 Dr. Drs. Budi Agustono, M.S. as the Dean of Faculty Cultural Studies,

University of Sumatera Utara

 Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum as the head of English Diploma

Study and as my supervisor too , who give me chance to prove my

qualified for finishing this paper

 Both of my parents Nasip S.E , and Endang Listiyani for their support,

love, financial, prayers, care, and advice for me finishing my paper. I

present this paper for you.

 My beloved Sister Anindya Pratiwi Ningtyas S.E , i really thank you for

your support , pray and love .

 To my beloved friends Satria Lucky Amor , Windy Aprillya, Nadya

Pinem, Mouza Rizizka, Titania Alviona and Sarah Matondang . Thank

you for your support, cares, and others things that help me to complete this

paper. Thank you for the nice friendship during our study. I will be

missing the days we spent together.

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 Thank you to M. Haidir Alfath and my sister since junior high school

Cut Asysyura Munliza has filled my days and support me in every

situations or problems.

 To my friends Dona Febrina , Maghfira Aprilia Putri, Aisyah Aulia

Putri, Cut Audina Zachrani, Abshar Syahputra , AyuMustika Asih ,

and I Gusti Bagus Pradipta to support me.

 to all my friends in Diploma III English Study Program/Solidas 2016.

Thank you for your support that help me to complete this paper. I will be

missing you all.

Finally, I do realise that this paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore

I welcome any constructive criticism and suggestions towards this paper.

Hopefully this paper can inspire and give knowledge for anyone in the future.

Date, 26th july 2019

The Writer

Ichsan Bagas Prayoga Reg. 162202004

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...... i COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ...... ii ABSTRACK...... iii ABSTRAK ...... iv ACKNOWLEGEMENTS...... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... vii 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1. 1 Background of the Study ...... 1 1. 2 Problem of the Study ...... 3 1. 3 Objective of the Study ...... 3 1. 4 Scope of the Study ...... 3 1. 5 Significance of the Study ...... 4 1. 6 Method of the Study ...... 4

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...... 6 2.1 Defeition of Figurative language ...... 6 2.2 Type of Figurative Langauge ...... 7 2.2 Song ...... 14 2.2 Lyrics ...... 17

3. DESCRIPTION OF PAPER TOPIC ...... 19 3.1 Stitches ...... 19 3.2 Mercy ...... 21 3.3 Life of The Party ...... 23 3.4 Imagination ...... 26 3.5 Running low ...... 28 3.6 Aftertaste ...... 30

4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...... 32 4.1 Conclusion ...... 32 4.2 Suggestion ...... 32

BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 34 APPENDICES ...... 35

viii

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INTRODUCTIONS

1.1 The Background of Study

The human need to comunicate with each other. In human life communication is often confronted with each other in a container both formal and informal. Formal communication style using language that is more structured, less sociable, personality becomes more regular, and rarely use inappropriate jokes and emotions more manageable. Casual communication style is more relaxed and use everyday language structure is more slang. This communication style is more likely to play around and make jokes and emotions more freely to be expressed.

Language is one of crucial tools of human beings to communicate to each another. Without language, people will never be able to communicate one another.

People need language to communicate, to interact, and to get information from others.

Billionger (1975:14) says, “Language is a system of vocal auditory communication, interacting with the experience of it’s user, employing conventional signs composed of arbitrary patterned sound units and assambled according to set rules.” Or in the other words means that language is a system of comunication tools in vocal auditory using convencial signs and symbols that has been assembled.

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Many languages in the world has a characteristic of a region or country. for example, Indonesia has many local languages but Indonesia has a unified language, that is Indonesian. And the world's international language is English.

With good communication can make a good relationship with each other. With language we can describe our feeling, asking with each other people, we can express our ideas, and tell other people what we want to do.

generally used by the poet to created some special effect and to make it more imaginative. Moreover, figurative language is not used only in the poetry.

This can be applied in the song lyric too.

Song is the most common thing in people daily life because song can give various impacts to the hearer. In a song, we can find lyrics. According to the free online dictionary lyric means an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner.

It can be concluded that lyrics is one of literary works, which complete and beautify the song and makes the hearer more interested in hearing.

A song lyric, as a part of literary work which is uses literary language and ambiguously words. “As Perrine said in his book “Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense”(1997:6),literature is kind of art, usually written, that offers pleasure and illumination.Later on, most of lyrics use figurative and ambiguous languageto simulate a certain image. It affects the language beauty of work in both oral and written. It is a poet that pronounced with rhyme, tone, bars, and melody accompanied by music.

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The lyrics of song thatI analyze are Shawn Mendes songs. I chose these songs because there are many figurative language express that can be found in the lyrics. Moreover, these lyrics have magnificent words and the poetic aspects.

Besides, he is a top singer in the world. There are many teenagers who know his song lyrics. Shawn Mendes was born August 8, 1998. He is an American pop singer-songwriter..

1.2 Problem of The Study

Based on the background that has been explained , the problems of this study are :

1.What kind of figure of speech found in Shawn Mendes Album:

Handwritten selected song’s ?

2.What is the dominant type of figure of speech used in Shawn

mendes’s Album: Handwritten selected song’s ?

1.3 Objectives of the Study

Specifically, the purposes of the research are:

1. To identify the types of figure of speech used in Shawn Mendes

Album : Handwritten selected song’s

2. To describe the dominant type of figure of speech of each types found

in Shawn Mendes Album : Handwritten selected song’s

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1.4 The scope of study

The scope of this research focuses on semantic study, especially infigurative language that is classified in eleven kinds: they are simile,hyperbole, personification, metaphor, symbol, litotes, synecdoche,metonymy, paradox,oxymoron, and irony. To avoid the broadening of discussion, the writer limits the research only in four songs of Shawn Mendes and the figure of speech that are used in Shawn Mendes’s Album : Handwritten songs are “Life of the

Party, Imagination, Aftertaste, and Running Low.”

1.5 Significance of the Study

A study on figurative language is very interesting and challenging because it is one of the aspects of the language used. This study gives both theoretical and practical contribution. Theoretically, the result of the study is expected to be useful and develop the information of semantic study, especially in figurativelanguage. Practically, the result of this study are expected to be useful for the writer herself or give a valuable knowledge and further information for any readers in general and also being an alternative references for other researcher especially in conducting the same research.

1.6 The Method of The Study

Descriptive analysis method is applied in this study.. From the method can be describe and explain the kinds of values and the purpose of values found in the lyrics. In analysis song lyrics of Shawn Mendes also conducted by library

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research. The writer reads some books and references that related to the subject matter and listening the songs and ivestigated to kno what kind of figure of speech

, the writer collects and selects the relevant data. Besides that, some information are searched through web sites.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Definitions of Figurative Language

This chapter covers definitions and theories which are related to support the subject. The writer has done some literature review in many sources such as books, journal and internet websites.

Figurative language is often created by presenting words in such a way that they are equated, compared, or associated with normally unrelated meanings.

When a writer uses literal language, he or she is simply stating the facts as they are. Usages of some sort of figurative in literature will create a more fascinating and interesting literary work. It is a peculiar way for literature authors to express their thought and feeling and also make it more special.

Figurative language is language that use in figure of speech. A figure of speech is a way of saying something other than the literal meaning of the world.

Figure of speech maybe said to occur whenever a speaker or writer, for the sake of freshness or emphasis, departs from the usual denotations of words (X.J.

Kennedy, 1979:187)

Figurative language is a conspicuous departure from what users of language apprehend as the standard meaning of words, or else the standard order of words, or else the standard order to achieve some meaning or effect. (Abraham

1999:96).

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Figurative language is language in which figure of speech (such as metaphors and metonyms) freely occur. Contrast with literal speech or language. figurative language are not only very common in poetry or songs, but also in prose and notification writing as well. This is very useful to writer because it can make their language can be more beautiful to listen. A good language style has to certain three elements, three are: sincerity, respectful, and attractive, (Groys

2009:113)

2.2 Types of Figurative Language

Figurative Language

Figurative language is language that comprises of images. It is deviation from the usage of language ordinary. The meaning of words or series of word are use to reach and produce a certain effect. Figurative language or language style is an attractive language which is use to increase the effect by introducing and comparing an object or certain matter or more general soothing else. So, the usage of a certain language style earns to alter and make certain connotative, (Henry.

2009:4).

According to Groys Kerraft, figurative language or style is a way of showing mind through a special language that shows the soul and the characteristic of the writer (language user), (Groys 2009:113).

We can say that “Language style or figurative language is the way of giving expression through a special language which shows the soul and the writer personality (Language user). A good language style has to certain three elements, three are: sincerity, respectful, and attractive, (Groys 2009:113).

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There are many types of figurative language such as: metaphor, simile, symbols, hyperbola, irony, etc. But in general, the figurative language is differentiated into four groups, they are: confirmation, comparison, opposition, and allusion. These figurative languages are famous in society, and also in the field of education starting from elementary school up to the senior high school and university level, Nyoman (2009:3).

From the explanation above, it is considered that figurative language deals with language which use figure of speech and language cannot be taken literary only and it is used to express the inner feeling of the writer.

There are many types of figurative language (Groys 2009:113) :

1. Metaphor

A metaphor compares two unlike things. "My baby sister's a doll," you

might say, compares your sister's size and sweetness to that of the perfection of

a doll. At another time you might say, "My brother is a rat." This compares

your brother to the nastiest little creature you can think of. In both cases you

would be making a metaphor - a form of comparison that directly compares

two unlike things. A metaphor wastes no time in getting to the point.

2. Simile.

If you said, "My sister is like a doll," or maybe, "My brother's good as

gold," you would be making a simile - a form of comparison in which one

thing is compared to another unlike thing by using specific words of

comparison like like, as, and resembles. Poets try to find unusual metaphors

and similes.

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Other examples:

a. Going for water: we run as if to meet the moon we paused/ like gnomes.

b. Stars: Like some snow white

c. Mending Wall: Like an old stone savage armed

3. Symbol.

A thing (could be an object, person, situation, or action) which is stand

for something else more abstract.

Example:

Early in Frost’s poetry, flower becomes a symbol for the beloved, his wife

Elinor.

4. Personification.

One of the most familiar kinds of comparison is personification---that

is, speaking of something that is not human as if it had human abilities and

human reactions.

Example:

When Keats describes autumn as a harvester “sitting careless on a

granary floor” or “on a half-reaped furrow sound asleep,” he is personifying a

season. Also, in the Dickinson poem mentioned earlier, Dickinson describes

frost as a “blond assassin.” As a result, she is personifying frost.

My November Guest: the guest is sorrow, personified as a woman

dearly loved who walks with him. Tree at my window: the tree watches him

sleep; it has tongues talking aloud.

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5. Apostrophe.

A figure of speech which is someone absent or dead or something

nonhuman is addressed as if it were alive and present.

Example:

Take something like a star: the poem begins, “O Starting,” He

addressed the star throughout the poem.

6. Synecdoche.

A figure of speech which is mentions a part of something to suggest

the whole.

Example:

Shakespeare uses synecdoche when he says that the cuckoo’s song is

unpleasing to a “married ear,” for he really means a married man.

7. Metonymy.

The use of something closely related for the thing actually meant.

Example:

In “Out, Out--,” Robert Frost uses metonymy when he describes an injured

boy holding up his cut hand “as if to keep / The life from spilling . . . .”

Literally he means to keep the blood from spilling.

8. Paradox.

A statement or situation containing apparently contradictory

incompatible elements, but not closer inspection may be true.

Example:

Ghost house: I’d well in a house that vanished.

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9. Hyperbole.

A great exaggeration used to emphasize a point, and is used for

expressive or comic effect. A hyperbole is not to be taken literally.

Example:

"An apple a day keeps the doctor away." We know that eating an apple every

day will not keep you from ever getting sick and having to go to the doctor.

10. Understatement.

The presentation of a thing with underemphasizes in order to achieve a

greater effect or implying more than is said.

Example:

Frost’s “Birches”: One could do worse than be a swinger of birches.”—The

end of the poem suggests that swinging on a birch tree is one of the most

satisfying activities in the world.

11. Irony.

Verbal irony is a figure of speech when an expression used in the

opposite of the thought in the speaker’s mind, thus conveying a meaning that

contradicts the literal definition. Dramatic irony is a literary or theatrical

device of having a character utter word which the reader or audience

understands to have a different meaning. Irony of situation is when a situation

occurs which is quite the reverse of what one might have expected.

Example:

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a. The road of taken: Verbal irony the speakers knows he will tell the old

story “with a sigh” of a choice that “made all the different”.

b. Birches: Dramatic Irony the wish to get away from earth may not be

granted too soon.

c. Rage-finding: Irony of situation when speaker disturbed by a bullet but

finds it unimportant.

12. Alliteration.

Alliteration is the repetition of a single letter in the alphabet (as in

"Peter Piper picked a peck of pickle peppers.") or a combination of letters (as

in "She sells seashells by the seashore."). It's just about the easiest form of

repetition a poet can use.

13. Oxymoron.

A figure of speech in which incongruous or contradictory term appear

side by side.

14. Allusion.

A reference in a literary work to a person, place, thing in history, or

another work of literature. Example: This ceremony reminds me of the

proclamation of independence in 1945.

15. Onomatopoeia

In its simplest form, onomatopoeia is produced by a single word that

sounds like the thing it refers to: "Six burgers were sizzling on the grill." "A

snake slithered through the grass."

16. Antanaklasis figure of speech

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Figure of speech containing repeats the same word with different

meanings. Example: My mother took the hand of fruit, namely apples red.

17. Repetition figure of speech

Looping figure of speech the word - the word for emphasis. Example:

my boyfriend Goodbye, goodbye my lover.

18. Parallelism figure of speech

Looping figure of speech as well as repetition, arranged in different

rows. Example: This Heart blue Heart The heart of this song is dust.

19. Figure of speech Tautology

Figure of speech that describes something using the word - the word

the same meaning (synonyms) to reinforce the meaning. Example: I worried

and was - was with him.

20. Litotes figure of speech

Figure of speech which is used to shrink the reality for the purpose of

humbling. Example: Come into my shack (Though large and luxurious house).

21. Para rhyme

Repetition of initial and final consonant in the word or parts of

different words.

Gorys Keraf mention about 60 kinds of figurative language divided

into 4 mains categories, (Tarigan, 1990: ix-xi). There are: comparison,

contrast, relationship, and repetition. The detail divination can be drawn

below:

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a. Comparison: consisting of; simile, metaphor, personification, allegory,

antithesis, pleonasm, tautology, periphrasis, anticative (prolepsis), and

correction (epanorthosis).

b. Contrast: consisting of; hyperbole, litotes, irony, oxymoron, paronomasia,

paralysis, zeugma, solipsist, satire, innuendo, antiphrasis, paradox, climax,

apostrophe, anastrophe (inverse), apophasis (pretension), hysteron

proteron, hypallage, Sinicism, and sarcasm.

c. Relationship: consisting of; metonymy, synecdoche, allusion, euphemism,

eponym, epithet, antonomasia, erothesis, parallelism, ellipsis, gradation,

asyndeton, and polysyndeton.

d. Repitation: consisting of; alliteration, assonace, antanaclasis, chiasmus,

epizeukis, tautotes, anaphora, ephistrophe, simploke, mesodiplopsis,

epanalipsis, and anadiplosis.

2.3 Song

Song is a short piece of music with words that you sing. Further, unidentified linguist gives definition of song as a relatively short musical composition for human voice, which features words (lyrics). Song is the most common thing in people daily life because song can give various impacts to the hearer. A song may be for a solo singer, a duet, trio, or larger ensemble involving more voices. Song with more than one voice to a part is considered choral works.

It is common method of classification are purpose, by style (dance, ballad, lied), or by time origin (renaissances, contemporary).

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A song is a piece of music for accompanied or unaccompanied voice or voices, where the performance of song is called a singer or vocalist, the act or art is called singing. Winkler (1990:17) says that song is a relatively short metrical composition designed for singing, often divided into stanzas, whose meaning is conveyed by the combined force of words and melody. The song, therefore, belong equally to poetry and music.

In a song, we can find lyrics. The free online dictionary says that lyric is an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner. From that meaning it can be concluded that lyrics is one of literary works, which complete and beautify the song and makes the hearer more interested in hearing it. The lyrics of songs are typically of poetic, rhyming nature, though they may be religious verses or free prose.

Part of song can be divided into three forms of song. They are folk song, art song and popular song. Folk songs generally are sung with simple accompaniment (guitar) or a cappella and usually are learned by ear. They are written down only infrequently, so through generations of oral transmission they are susceptible to changes in words and melodies. Composers of most folk songs are unknown. Art songs, on the other hand, are intended for performance by professional or at least carefully taught singers, generally accompanied by piano or instrumental ensemble. The words and notes are written down and therefore resist incidental or casual changes. Popular songs stand midway between folk and

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art songs with regard to technical difficulty, sophistication, and resistance to change.

Folk songs often accompany activities such as religious ceremonies, dancing, labor or courtship, or are intended to tell exciting or sentimental stories.

They have relatively simple melodies, usually with only one or a few notes per syllable. The language tends to follow certain conventions and often is repetitive.

Music and words are easily understandable.

Art songs in the European tradition are rarely connected with other activities. Texts and melodies tend to be subtle, sophisticated, highly organized, wide-ranging and complex, demanding repeated hearings for full comprehension and appreciation. Art song like classical music, is essentially an urban phenomenon, in some ways a lingering product of an aristocratic society with origins in the medieval courts, colleges, cities and churches. An art song might be defined as a poem set to music, usually for trained voice and piano accompaniment with duration of about three minutes. An art song strives to be the perfect combination of music and literature, based on four elements: poet, composer, singer and accompanist. The composer uses the full resources of the art form to embellish the poet‟s text, sometimes even realizing potential interpretations that were not explicit in the poet's words.

Modern popular songs are typically distributed as recordings, and are played on the radio, though all other mass media that have audio capabilities are involved. Their relative popularity is inferred from commercially significant sales of recordings, ratings of stations and networks that play them, and ticket sales for

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concerts by the recording artists. A popular song can become a modern folk song when members of the public who learn to sing it from the recorded version teach their version to others. Popular songs may be called “pop song” for short, although pop song or pop music may instead be considered a more commercially popular genre of popular music as a whole. Many people consider songs in popular music to have in general simpler structures than art songs, however, musicologists who are both contemptuous and condescending of popular music are looking for types of production, musical form, and listening which they associate with a different kind of music 'classical music' and they generally find popular music lacking.

2.4 Lyrics

All people have their own style for having communication. There are so many things can happen when people cannot understand the meaning that they hear or read, since not all people can understand directly, or sometimes the one will use different style of language to indicate different mention. Moreover, people like to express all of their feeling, idea, emotion or thought through some ways like poetry, short stories, novels and even songs. Sometimes it becomes the media to express their critical thinking and also imagination freely over the event that happened in their life.

Song is one of the things that can be found easy in every human life which contains flowery words. Moreover, song is defined as literary work of musical expression to express human thinking and feeling where it has been the soul of the

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life cannot be separated. The songwriter uses the different stylistic words in order to beautify, be vivid and nice enough to be listened by the hearer. However, the meanings of the words sometimes are so vague and unclear that the words cannot be interpreted literally.

Lyrics of the song can be as the description of the song writer expression to devote the feeling, thought, and the willingness. Therefore, lyric can be as the form to convey a message in the lyrics. To understand about the meaning of the lyrics, people have to determine the speaker’s intention, which sometimes the song writer is using figurative language on the song, therefore the listeners not only be able to enjoy the melody of the song but they can get more knowledge from interpreting the point of view on things in the world revealed through the lyric of songs.

It is commonly called as an art from the language in which many authors, poet or even song writer use it to create more meaning through language in expressing their ideas and imagination freely by which readers or listeners are demanded to construct their own mind in obtaining the intended meaning which differ from the actual literal meaning of the words themselves.

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CHAPTER 3

DESCRIPTION OF PAPER TOPIC

In this chapter, the writer is demanded to describe about the kind of the figurative language found in Shawn Mendes Album : Handwritten and the meaning. Figurative language use figure of way of saying or telling something other than the literal meaning of word. Writer decribe one by one with the lyrics to find the figuraive language.

3.1 Stiches

Stitches

Shawn Mendes

I thought that I've been hurt before But no one's ever left me quite this sore Your words cut deeper than a knife Now I need someone to breathe me back to life

Got a feeling that I'm going under But I know that I'll make it out alive If I quit calling you my lover Move on

You watch me bleed until I can't breathe I'm shaking falling onto my knees And now that I'm without your kisses I'll be needing stitches I'm tripping over myself Aching begging you to come help And now that I'm without your kisses I'll be needing stitches

Just like a moth drawn to a flame Oh you lured me in I couldn't sense the pain

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Your bitter heart cold to the touch Now I'm gonna reap what I sow I'm left seeing red on my own

In the song entitled “stitches” has been found Hyperbole they are :

1. i’m without your kisses i’ll be needed stitches (stitches line 15-16) in this Songlyrics writer found figure of speech , It contains an expression of hyperbole, This piece of lyric shows that it’s using exaggeration by saving her words hurts bad like a knife cutting you. the songwriter try to tell the listener to remembers his last kiss with his girlfriend so he felt thrilled with the memories.

2. your words cut deeper than a knife ( Stiches line 3 ) in this Songlyrics writer found figure of speech , It contains an expression of hyperbole , like a word can make a hurt like a knife .

3. your bitter heart cold to the touch ( Stitches line 19 ) in this Songlyrics writer found figure of speech It contains an expression of hyperbole .

4. you watch me bleed until i can’t breathe ( Stitches line 9 ) in this Songlyrics writer found figure of speech , It contains an expression of hyperbole .

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3.2 Mercy

MERCY Shawn Mendes You've got a hold of me Don't even know your power I stand a hundred feet But I fall when I'm around you Show me an open door Then you go and slam it on me I can't take anymore I'm saying baby Please have mercy on me Take it easy on my heart Even though you don't mean to hurt me You keep tearing me apart Would you please have mercy, mercy on my heart Would you please have mercy, mercy on my heart I'd drive through the night Just to be near you, baby Heart open, testify Tell me that I'm not crazy I'm not asking for a lot Just that you're honest with me My pride is all I got I'm saying baby Please have mercy on me Take it easy on my heart Even though you don't mean to hurt me You keep tearing me apart Would you please have mercy on me I'm a puppet on your string And even though you got good intentions I need you to set me free Would you please have mercy, mercy on my heart Would you please have mercy, mercy on my heart Consuming all the air inside my lungs Ripping all the skin from off my bones I'm prepared to sacrifice my life I would gladly do it twice Consuming all the air inside my lungs Ripping all the skin from off my bones

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I'm prepared to sacrifice my life I would gladly do it twice Please have mercy on me Take it easy on my heart Even though you don't mean to hurt me You keep tearing me apart Would you please have mercy on me I'm a puppet on your string And even though you got good intentions I need you to set me free I'm begging you for mercy, mercy Begging you, begging you, please, baby I'm begging you for mercy, mercy Ooh, I'm begging you, I'm begging you

in the song entitled “Mercy” Found metaphors , Repetition and Hyperbole they are :

1. i’m puppet on your strings ( Mercy line 28 ) it contains an expression of metaphore , this piece of lyrics shows that the songwrtitter feel controling like a puppet doll. in this song lyrics the songwriter feels that in a relationship this is always arranged like a doll, and feels not free in expressing his feelings.

2. Ripping all the skin from my bones ( Mercy line 33 )

Xperssion of hyperbole, this piece of lyrics shows that the song writter getting hurt after break up with his gilfriend . the song writer felt his heart ache after breaking up with his love like a skin torn from bones and hurt

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3. Would you pleasehave mercy on me , mercy on my heart ( Mercy Line 13 ) in this Songlyrics writer found figure of speech , It contains an expression of

Repetition .

4 . ooh, i’m begging you , i’m begging you ( Mercy Line 50) in this Songlyrics writer found figure of speech , It contains an expression of

Repetition .

3.3 Life of The Party

Life of the Party

Shawn Mendes

I love it when you just don't care I love it when you dance like there's nobody there So when it gets hard, don't be afraid We don't care what them people say I love it when you don't take no I love it when you do what you want cause you just said so Let them all go home, we out late We don't care what them people say

We don't have to be ordinary Make your best mistakes 'Cause we don't have the time to be sorry So baby be the life of the party I'm telling you to take your shot it might be scary Hearts are gonna break 'Cause we don't have the time to be sorry So baby be the life of the party

Together we can just let go Pretend like there's no one else here that we know

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Slow dance fall in love as the club track plays I’ve been working like a dog

Come out tonight, come out tonight There's no one standing in your way Come out tonight, come out tonight We don't care what them people say We don't care what them people say

Yeah, yeah, yeah Life of the party So don't let them keep you down Oh you know you can't give up 'Cause we don't have the time to be sorry So baby be the life of the party

in this song entilted “Life of The Party” has been Hyperbole and simile they are :

1. So baby be the life of the party ( life of the party line 16) it contains an expresion of hyperbole , this piece of lyrics shows that songwritter show his care to people he loves to always stay together.

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2. I’ve been working like a dog (life of the party line 20)

These are the comparison between the songwriter and a dog which working for someone. This lyric also tell us that the songwriter has to work hard every day only for someone’s need.

3. Make your best mistake ( life of the party line 10) in this Songlyrics writer found figure of speech , It contains an expression of

Simile .

4. Hearts gonna break (L ife of the party line 14) in this Songlyrics writer found figure of speech , It contains an expression of

Hyperbole

5 . there’s no one standing in your way ( life of the party line 30 ) in this Songlyrics writer found figure of speech , It contains an expression of

Repetition .

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3.4 Imagination

Imagination

Oh, there she goes again Every morning it's the same You walk on by my house I wanna call out your name

I wanna tell you how beautiful you are from where I'm standing You got me thinking what we could be 'cause...

I keep craving, craving You don't know it but it's true .Attracts me like no other lover This is typical of love Can't wait anymore, I won't wait I need to tell you how I feel when I see us together forever

In my dreams you're with me We'll be everything I want us to be And from there—who knows? Maybe this will be the night that we kiss for the first time Or is that just me and my imagination?

We walk, we laugh, we spend our time Walking by the ocean side Our hands are gently intertwined A feeling I just can't describe All this time we spent alone Thinking we could not belong To something so damn beautiful So damn beautiful

I keep craving, craving, you don't know it, but it's true Can't get my mouth to say the words they wanna say to you This is typical of love Can't wait anymore, I won't wait I need to tell you how I feel when I see us together forever

In my dreams you're with me We'll be everything I want us to be And from there—who knows? Maybe this will be the night that we kiss for the first time

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Or is that just me and my imagination?

Whoa, whoa, whoa Imagination Whoa, whoa, whoa Imagination Whoa, whoa, whoa

In my dreams you're with me We'll be everything I want us to be And from there—who knows? Maybe this will be the night that we kiss for the first time Or is that just me and my imagination?

I keep craving, craving You don't know it, but it's true Can't get my mouth to say the words they wanna say to yo

in this song entitld imagination has found hyperbole and Repetition they are :

1. In my dream you with me ( imagination line 13)

This refers as a hyperbole because the lyric above is overstating. As a human being, we can only live in the real universe and also we won’t be able to lives in the dream because dream is an imagination especially it happens when we are sleeping.

2. I keep craving , craving ( Imagination line 7 ) in this Songlyrics writer found figure of speech , It contains an expression of

Repetition .

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3.5 Running low

Running Low

Weeks on end, I'm on the road I start to lose my sense of home I should've called so many times But I, I just sat next to my phone

Now it looks as though they’re here to stay To end this darling, oh

And I know you'll find someone who Gives you the time I didn't give to you I'm running low I'm sorry, but I have to go Woah, and maybe I will never feel You gave me something so real I'm running low I'm sorry, but I have to go

Woah, woah Woah woah Thinking back to every night That we just laid there for a while And when I looked into your eyes I, I never thought I'd say goodbye

Just know it takes it for me To end this darling, oh, yeah

Just needed time to, to find my own But I promise someone will give you all you want like Pool of tears

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And you just gotta see I never meant to hurt you, no

And I know you'll find someone who Gives you the time I didn't give to you I'm running low I'm sorry, but I have to go Woah, and maybe I will never feel You gave me something so real I'm sorry, but I have to go

In this song entitled “ Running low” writer has found hyperbole they are :

1 .Now it looks as though they’re here to stay

As we know that all the things which have happened in the past can’t happen for twice because time always moving forward. These lyrics explain that songwriter imagine something in the past, as if it’s happening right now.

2.Pool of tears

This is truly hyperbole because we know that human can’t create a pool by only using their tears. This lyric refers to someone which is crying so loud just because of something or problem in her life so that it makes her/him can’t keep the tears fall down

3. I’m Running low ( Running Low line 9 ) in this Songlyrics writer found figure of speech , It contains an expression of

Hyperbole .

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3.6 Aftertase Aftertaste Shawn Mendes

Rewind, Friday night never forget it How you let me go No more lies I'll be fine I know where I'm headed Probably should've known Now you're gonna say pretty please forgive me Fool me once told you twice you're gonna regret it Now you're all alone yeah Turns out that no one can replace me I'm permanent you can't erase me Love was such an easy game to play One more kiss is all it takes I'll leave you with the memory and the aftertaste Close your eyes, you can hide Try to forget me, but I'm everywhere Wearing the face that she keeps in a jar by the door When you left me there Now you're gonna say pretty please forgive me yeah But it hurts it gets worse you know nobody said it would be fair Oh Turns out that no one can replace me I'm permanent you can't erase me I'll have you remember me One more kiss is all it takes I'll leave you with the memory and the aftertaste And now there's something in your way 'Cause you threw it all to waste And you wonder if you could take back what you did that day And it hurts 'cause Turns out that no one can replace me I'm permanent you can't erase me I'll have you remember me One more kiss is all it takes I'll leave you with the memory and the aftertaste Truth is that no one can replace me I'm permanent you can't erase me

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I'll have you remember me One more kiss is all it takes I'll leave you with the memory and the aftertaste And the aftertaste in the song entitled Aftertaste has found Metaphore and Repetition they are :

1. Love was such an easy game to play ( Aftertaste line 10 )

This line is about a beautiful thing which is still imagined by the songwriter that he has so many beautiful moment especially for love in the past and also, he still believes that “yesterday’’ is the one of most beautiful moment in his life

2. . Wearing the face that she keeps in a jar by the door

In the church where a weeding has been, lives a dream, waits at the window, wearing the face that she keeps in the jar by the door who is it for. A normal people basically never keep their face in a jar to express something. This lyric refers to the people who feel disappointed with all of situation in their life.

3. I’m permanent you can erase me ( Aftertaste line 8 ) in this Songlyrics writer found figure of speech , It contains an expression of

Repetition .

4. Try to forget me , but i’m everywhere ( Aftertaste line 14 ) in this Songlyrics writer found figure of speech , It contains an expression of

Repetition .

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Chapter 4

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

4.1 CONCLUSION

Figurative language is language that uses another word or the different literal interpretation to show the meaning by using their own expression. When a writer uses literal language, he or she shows or express the fact, by using their simply statement. After being analyzed or described about figurative language which was used in the Handwritten’ album, we can conclude that from five song the most of the ’ lyrics are still using the simple word and still pretty easy to understand so that, the writer can only find 3 types of figurative language such as: hyperbole, simile, and metaphor.Writer founds the dominant type of the figuratvie language found in Shawn Mendes Album: Handwritten is hyperbole.We might learn and understand how the songwriter tries to tell us about the story of the songs, and we can see that hyperbole, simile and personification are the equal for the most the Shawn Mendes lyrics but hyperbole still the most lyric which written by the songwriter especially for this album.

4.2 SUGESTION

Figurative language automatically has been the part of conversation or communicating to help conveying the message, ideas can be expressed by person’s mind. Therefore, the writer would like to suggest those are very interest literature can look at figurative language to be analyzed.

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songs are very worth to be considered in learning English because, songs are the one of material in learning English. They can help people, especially

English student to know and understand the meaning of English words,

Because in songs we can find so many kinds of figurative language, the definitions, and how to interpret them. The readers can learn about the critical thinking through other words which has its own meaning from the word written.

And the writer hopes that the readers can become interested in learning the kinds of figurative language and also this paper can be very useful or can enrich the readers knowledge in learning figurative in songs.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Hadges, J. C. 1967. Harbrace college handbook. New York: Harcourt College. Kennedy, X. J. 1979. Literature: an Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama Se Second Edition. Boston: Little Brown and Company.

Kreidler, C. W. 1998 Introducing English Semantics. London: Roudledge. Risdianto, F. 2011. Introduction to Literature. Yogyakarta: Trust Media Publishing

Sapir, Edward. 1921. Language an Introduction to the Study of Speech. New

York :Harcourt Brace and Company.

Tarigan, Henry Guntur. 1994. MenulisSebagaiSuatuKeterampilanBerbahasa. Bandung Angkasa.

Trilling, Lionel. 1967. The Experience of Literature. USA: Columbia University. Wikipedia. (2017, May 10). Language.Accessed in 14 May 2017, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language

Literary Devices. (2017, Januari 18). Figurative Language. Accessed in 14 May 2017, from https://literarydevices.net/figurative-language/

Forst Friends. (2016, December 11). Figurative. Accessed in 14 may 2017, from http://www.forstfriends.Org/figurative.html

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SHAWN MENDES

Shawn Peter Raul Mendes ( born August 8, 1998) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and model.[1] He gained a following in 2013, posting song covers on the video-sharing application Vine. The following year, he caught the attention of artist manager AndrewGertler and IslandRecords A&R Ziggy Chareton, which led to him signing a deal with the record label. He has since released three studio albus, headlined three world tours, and received several award. Mendes released his self titled debut EP (2014) and his debut studio album Handwritten (2015), whose single "Stitches" reached number one in the United Kingdom and the top

10 in the United States and Canada. He then released his second studio album Illuminate (2016), whose singles "Treat You Better" and "There's Nothing

Holdin' Me Back" reached the top 10 in several countries. His self-titled third studio album (2018) was supported by the lead single "In My Blood". All three albums debuted atop the US Billboard 200, with the first one making Mendes one of five artists ever to debut at number one before the age of 18, and the third one making him the third-youngest artist to achieve three number one albums

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