Hydrogeological and Hydrological Impact Assessment

UK Coal Operations Limited Proposed extension of time for colliery spoil tipping Environmental Statement operations at Harworth Colliery No. 2 Spoil Heap

TECHNICAL APPENDIX 6 – Hydrogeological and Hydrological Impact Assessment

Hydrogeological and Hydrological Impact Assessment in support of an extension to Planning Permission for Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap

Report ref: HC/HIA Final June 2013

Report prepared for:

UK Coal Mining Ltd Harworth Park Blyth Road HARWORTH DN11 8DB

BARKERS CHAMBERS • BARKER STREET • SHREWSBURY • UNITED KINGDOM • S Y 1 1 S B TEL : 01743 355770 FAX: 01743 357771 EMAIL : [email protected]

Hydrogeological and Hydrological Impact Assessment in support of an extension to Planning Permission for Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap

Report ref: HC/HIA Final June 2013

For Data Protection

L Brown MSc FGS CGeol C C Leake BSc MSc FGS

UK Coal Mining Ltd Hydrogeological Impact Assessment: Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap Final

CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Objectives 1 1.3 Data sources 1 1.4 Methodology of investigation 1

2 SITE SETTING 3 2.1 Location 3 2.2 Landform 3

3 BASELINE CONDITIONS 4 3.1 Background 4 3.2 Hydrology 4 3.2.1 Rainfall 4 3.2.2 Watercourses 4 3.2.3 Springs 5 3.2.4 Ponds and waterbodies 5 3.2.5 River flows 5 3.2.6 Surface water abstraction 5 3.2.7 Discharge consents 6 3.2.8 Surface water quality 7 3.3 Landfill sites 7 3.4 Protected sites and areas of ecological interest 8 3.5 Geology 9 3.5.1 Regional 9 3.5.2 Local geology 10 3.6 Hydrogeology 11 3.6.1 Aquifer status and regional context 11 3.6.2 Source Protection Zones 11 3.6.3 Aquifer characteristics 11 3.6.4 Groundwater abstractions 11 3.6.5 Groundwater levels and distribution 12 3.6.6 Groundwater quality 13 3.7 Spoil heap operation 13 3.8 Conceptual model 13

4 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 15 4.1 Operation 15 4.2 Restoration 15 4.3 Compliance with Mining Waste Directive 15 4.4 Water management during site operation 15 4.5 Water management post restoration 15

5 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS 16 5.1 Methodology 16 5.2 Catchment sensitivity 16 5.3 Potential impacts of renewed tipping 16 5.3.1 Groundwater levels and flow 16 5.3.2 Groundwater quality 17 5.3.3 Groundwater abstractions 17

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5.3.4 Surface water flows 17 5.3.5 Surface water quality 17 5.4 Potential impacts after restoration 18 5.4.1 Groundwater quality 18 5.4.2 Surface water quality 18 5.5 Cumulative impacts 18

6 MITIGATION MEASURES AND RESIDUAL IMPACTS 20 6.1 During tipping operations 20 6.2 Post-restoration 20

7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 21

TABLES

Table HC/HIA/T1 Long-term average monthly rainfall at the Wiseton raingauge 4 Table HC/HIA/T2 Summary river flow data 5 Table HC/HIA/T3 Licensed surface water abstractions 5 Table HC/HIA/T4 Discharge consents 6 Table HC/HIA/T5 Details of landfill sites within 3 km of site boundary 7 Table HC/HIA/T6 Details of wildlife sites within 3 km of site boundary 9 Table HC/HIA/T7 Summary of regional solid geology 10 Table HC/HIA/T8 Licensed groundwater abstractions 12

FIGURES

Figure HC/HIA/01 Location of Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap Figure HC/HIA/02 Site setting Figure HC/HIA/03 Landform Figure HC/HIA/04 Surface water features Figure HC/HIA/05 Watercourses maintained by a Water Level Management Board Figure HC/HIA/06 Discharge consent Figure HC/HIA/07 Ecological and chemical status of rivers Figure HC/HIA/08 Landfills within 3 km of site boundary Figure HC/HIA/09 Sites of ecological interest Figure HC/HIA/10 Geology Figure HC/HIA/11 Groundwater levels and monitoring boreholes Figure HC/HIA/12 Groundwater level variations Figure HC/HIA/13 Site drainage Figure HC/HIA/14 Conceptual model

APPENDICES

Appendix HC/HIA/A1 Assessment methodology Appendix HC/HIA/A2 Summary geological logs Appendix HC/HIA/A3 Groundwater quality data Appendix HC/HIA/A4 Proposed site restoration

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UK Coal Mining Ltd Hydrogeological Impact Assessment: Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap Final

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The No 2 Spoil Heap at Harworth Colliery is used for the disposal of colliery spoil originating from the mining activities at the colliery. The colliery, operated by UK Coal, has been in care and maintenance since 2006 and currently no spoil is being deposited. The current Planning Permission expires in June 2013 and UK Coal wishes to secure Planning Permission for future tipping to ensure that, in the event of mining re-commencing, work can start with no delays.

Hafren Water has been commissioned to investigate potential impacts on the water environment arising from the continued use of the spoil heap and to support an extension to the Planning Permission for the site.

1.2 Objectives

The principal objectives of this study are to:

Determine baseline conditions in relation to the water environment at the No 2 Spoil Heap at Harworth Colliery, and its surroundings Identify any potential impacts of the proposed development Assess the magnitude and significance of potential impacts Derivation of appropriate mitigation measures for any identified potential impacts

1.3 Data sources

The following sources of data were used in this study:

British Geological Survey (BGS) 1:50,000 scale geological map, Sheet 101 East Retford Geological logs of nearby boreholes The physical properties of major aquifers in England and Wales. Allen JD, Brewerton LJ, Coleby LM, Gibbs BR, Lewis MA, MacDonald AM, Wagstaff SJ and Williams AT.

Ordnance Survey (OS) Explorer 1:25,000 scale map, Sheet 279, Doncaster

The Environment Agency (EA) Licensed abstractions Consented discharges Active and historical landfills Rainfall data Surface and groundwater water quality

Natural England Sites of Special Scientific Interest

Local Authorities (Daventry District Council) Private water abstractions

UK Coal Mining Ltd

1.4 Methodology of investigation

Baseline conditions of the water environment have been defined by the collation and analysis of Page 1 June 2013

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UK Coal Mining Ltd Hydrogeological Impact Assessment: Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap Final existing data and field observations. The potential effects of the proposed development upon the extant water environment have been assessed by reference to the baseline data and a series of matrices (Appendix HC/HIA/A1), developed to ensure a rigorous and consistent approach to the assessment of potential impacts. Mitigation measures have been proposed where appropriate.

Baseline conditions have been taken as those existing at the time of operation of the colliery when waste material was being placed on the spoil heap.

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UK Coal Mining Ltd Hydrogeological Impact Assessment: Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap Final

2 SITE SETTING

2.1 Location

The Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap is located approximately 1 km south of the village of Harworth, Nottinghamshire (Figure HC/HIA/01) and centred on National Grid Reference (NGR) SK 61700 89900. The spoil heap covers an area of approximately 109 hectares (ha). Details of the immediate surroundings of the spoil heap are shown on Figure HC/HIA/02.

The No 2 Spoil Heap (‘the site’) is bounded to the north by Selby Road with an industrial estate beyond, to the east by Blythe Road and agricultural land, to the south by agricultural land and to the west by the A1 with agricultural land beyond. The nearest residential properties are located in the village of Styrrup in the northwest, to the west of the A1, and to the southeast.

Road access to the site is from an existing site entrance on Blythe Road. When operational, colliery waste is transported from the colliery by an elevated conveyor and placed in its final position by mobile plant. Waste in the form of slurry from the coal processing plant is transported by pipeline.

2.2 Landform

The current landform is shown on Figure HC/HIA/03, as reported in the Aftercare Plan, August 2012. The natural ground around the spoil heap falls from around 35 m Above Ordnance Datum (mAOD) in the north to 15 mAOD in the south.

The spoil heap rises to its highest point, approximately 77 mAOD, in the north of the site adjacent to the site at which spoil is deposited from the conveyor. The steep slopes (1 in 4 to 1 in 5) to the north and northeast of the peak have been planted with trees. To the east and northeast, the slopes are shallower (1 in 7) and grassed. These slopes have been restored in accordance with the restoration plan reproduced as Figure HC/HIA/A4.1 (Appendix HC/HIA/A4).

Over the remainder of the site, the spoil heap rises to approximately 33 mAOD in the east, 36 mAOD in the west with a depression in the south of central area, previously occupied by a slurry lagoon when the site was operational. The peripheral slopes have, in the most part, been planted with trees, while the top is open exposed colliery spoil and unvegetated.

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UK Coal Mining Ltd Hydrogeological Impact Assessment: Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap Final

3 BASELINE CONDITIONS

3.1 Background

Baseline (ie existing) conditions at the site are set out below and include information relating to the environmental setting as well as current activities at the site. Knowledge of baseline conditions has been developed based on published literature, site-derived data and from experience of similar sites in similar settings.

A conceptual model which sets out the current understanding of the geology and hydrogeology has been developed on the basis of the baseline data and this has been used to identify potential sources of impact.

3.2 Hydrology

The hydrology of the area around the site has been derived from Ordnance Survey maps, a water features survey and data provided by the Environment Agency. Water management within the site is discussed in Section 3.3.

The locations of the water features discussed in this section are shown on Figure HC/HIA/04.

3.2.1 Rainfall The nearest raingauge (Met Office Station No 124691) is located at Wiseton at NGR SK 4711 3893 approximately 9 km east of the site. The long-term average (LTA) rainfall is 592 mm/annum. Monthly LTA rainfall is shown on Table HC/HIA/T1.

Monthly rainfall in mm 1961 - 90 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 47 36 46 50 51 54 55 56 48 44 51 54 Contains Environment Agency information © Environment Agency and database right Table HC/HIA/T1: Long-term average rainfall at the Wiseton raingauge

3.2.2 Watercourses Surface water drainage around the site is defined by two major rivers that pass within 3 km of the site. These are the River Torne to the northwest and the River Ryton to the south and east. The ground to the northwest of the site drains towards the River Torne, while the remainder drains to the south and east to the River Ryton.

To the southwest, the land between the B6463 and the A1(M), known as Whitewater Common, is low-lying and relatively flat and artificial drains are necessary to prevent flooding. Drainage in this area is eastwards, passing beneath the A1(M) and along the southern boundary of the site (the Whitewater Drain) to join the River Ryton west of Serlby Park. Drainage from the site is discharged into this drain at NGR SK 6162 8921, under discharge consent WQ/7/1517 (see Section 3.2.6). The drains in this area are maintained by the Isle of Axholme and North Nottinghamshire Water Level Management Board (formerly the Rivers Idle and Ryton Internal Drainage Board) as indicated on Figure HC/HIA/05. It is understood from site discussions, that the drains have recently undergone maintenance to alleviate flooding in the area west of the A1(M).

East of the site the ground slopes down to the River Ryton. No major drains are marked on the OS maps in this area.

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3.2.3 Springs There are no springs within 3 km of the site boundary.

3.2.4 Ponds and waterbodies There are a number of small waterbodies within 3 km of the site boundary: Two lakes adjacent to the River Ryton at Serlby Park, P1, 1.3 km to the east-southeast and P2, 1 km to the east Pond P3 is adjacent to the River Ryton, approximately 2.6 km northeast of the site A number of artificial waterbodies on the western side of Harworth Colliery (P4)

3.2.5 River flows River flows have been recorded at three permanent gauges located within 3 km of the site boundary, locations are shown on Figure HC/HIA/04. Summary data from each of these gauges are shown on Table HC/HIA/T2, taken from the National Rivers Flow Archive.

Site No Location NGR Watercourse BFI Flow (m3/s) Period (SK) mean Q95 Q10 28016 Serlby Park 641 897 R Ryton 0.7 1.752 0.445 3.231 1965-1978 28091 Blyth 631 871 R Ryton 0.73 1.544 0.538 2.71 1984-2011 28047 Blyth 615 876 Oldcoates Dyke 0.7 0.687 0.255 1.16 1970-2011 Table HC/HIA/T2: Summary flow data

3.2.6 Surface water abstraction There are 11 licensed surface water abstractions within a 3 km radius of the site centre at NGR SK 6167 8998. A summary of these licenses is shown on Table HC/HIA/T3 and their locations on Figure HC/HIA/04.

Licence No Reach Abstraction (m3) Purpose Location Licence NGR (SK) annual daily holder 6158 8674 to 03/28/75/0069 34000 1228 A SI-D River Ryton 6172 8720 Peter Taylor (Oldcotes) 6101 8661 to Trib of 03/28/76/0021 79545 1364 A SI-D Ltd 6122 8723 Oldcotes Dyke 6170 8778 to 03/28/76/0024 22730 1380 A SI-D Oldcotes Dyke J Platts 6237 8765 5931 8839 to Mr E H 03/28/76/0026 25000 902 A SI-D Oldcotes Dyke 6008 8802 Fisher 6407 8964 to D Skelton & 03/28/77/0014 35728 632 A SI-D River Ryton 6426 8990 Sons Bawtry 03/28/77/0015 639 907 (SP) 43542 475.33 A SI-D River Ryton Farms Ltd

03/28/77/0037 6300 8940 (SP) 365000 1000 Am LPT River Ryton K Mcdonald

6339 8757 to 03/28/77/0039 53424 1455 A SI-D River Ryton Mr P J Smith 6320 8858 6245 8762 to 03/28/77/0040 26713 727 A SI-D River Ryton Mr A B Smith 6303 8714

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Licence No Reach Abstraction (m3) Purpose Location Licence NGR (SK) annual daily holder

03/28/77/0044 6401 9117 (SP) 90920 763.7 I EPW Trib of R.Ryton UK Coal

6306 8874 to 03/28/77/0046/1 152000 1000 Am LPT River Ryton K Mcdonald 6331 8842 Contains Environment Agency information © Environment Agency and database right Key: (SP) Abstraction from a single point A SI-D Agriculture: Spray Irrigation Direct I EPW Industry: Extractive Process Water Am LPT Amenity: Lake & Pond Throughflow Table HC/HIA/T3: Licensed surface water abstractions

Only three of these licences take water from locations down gradient of the surface water discharge from the spoil heap, all located on the River Ryton. The closest abstraction, licence No. 03/28/77/0037, takes water for a pond throughflow.

3.2.7 Discharge consents According to the Environment Agency, there are 24 Environmental Permits for discharges within 3 km of the site centre. Their locations are shown on Figure HC/HIA/06 and summarised on Table HC/HIA/T4.

Map Permit No Receiving water Type Discharge site Name ID NGR (SK) A T/78/40033/O Trib of R.Idle SN-S 63400 92430 Plumtree Farm PS B T/83/45790/R Trib of R.Torne SDW 61120 92050 Harworth STW C T/83/45133/O Harworth Dyke SN-S 61330 91700 Harworth PS D T/83/03341/O Harworth Brook SN-PS 61400 91600 Harworth PS - (R.Torne) Storrm/Emergency E T/83/10126/T Trib of R.Torne Trade 61840 91430 UK Coal Operations Ltd F T/83/45144/TG Soakaway Trade 62000 90580 UK Coal Mining Ltd G T/83/45144/TG Soakaway Trade 62000 90580 UK Coal Mining Ltd H T/77/08517/T Trib of R.Ryton Trade 61620 89210 UK Coal Operations Ltd I 3/28/75/1657 Soakaway D 62400 88700 Bawtry Road Nurseries J T/77/40271/O Trib of R.Ryton SN-S 62510 88720 Bawtry Road PS K T/76/08830/O Oldcoates Dyke SN-S 62430 87620 Blyth (Nornay) PS L 3/28/77/2151 Soakaway D 63500 89800 The Lodge M 3/28/77/2155 Soakaway D 63500 89600 The Cottage N 3/28/77/2147 Soakaway D 63500 89500 Chauffers Cottage O 3/28/77/2146 Soakaway D 63600 89500 Serlby Hall P 3/28/77/2152 Soakaway D 63700 89500 The Estate House Q 3/28/77/2150 Soakaway D 63900 89400 House Adjoining Low Farm R 3/28/77/2156 Soakaway D 64000 89300 Home Farmhouse S 3/28/77/2148 Soakaway D 64100 89700 Woodmans Cottage T 3/28/77/2149 Soakaway D 64100 89700 Cottage Adjoining Old Laundry U 3/28/77/2154 Soakaway D 64200 89800 Kennels Cottage V 3/28/77/2153 Soakaway D 64200 89800 Gardeners Cottage

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UK Coal Mining Ltd Hydrogeological Impact Assessment: Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap Final

Map Permit No Receiving water Type Discharge site Name ID NGR (SK) W T/76/00780/O Oldcoates/Maltby SN-PS 59300 88400 Styrrup xwith Old Coates Dyke Emerg of X TSC3125 Local Ditch/R1 SN-S 59350 88400 Blyth Road/Old Coates D Domestic property SN-S Sewerage Network - Sewers SN-PS Sewerage Network – Pumping Station Contains Environment Agency information © Environment Agency and database right Table HC/HIA/T4: Discharge consents

Surface water from the spoil heap is discharged into the Whitewater Drain under Permit No.T/77/08517/T (formerly Consent No WQ/7/1517). There are three conditions on the quality of the discharge water:

Suspended solids must be less than 100 mg/l Mineral oils and hydrocarbons must be less than 5 mg/l pH must be between 5 and less than 9

3.2.8 Surface water quality The Environment Agency monitors water quality at a number of locations on the River Ryton, east of the site, and the River Torne to the west. The current (February 2013) ecological and chemical status of the rivers in the vicinity of the site is shown on Figure HC/HIA/07.

The maps show that within 3 km of the site the Rivers Torne and Ryton and the Oldcotes Dyke all currently have a Moderate Ecological Status. In terms of Chemical Status, the River Ryton above Bircotes has a Good status, while the River Torne and Oldcotes Dyke do not require assessment.

3.3 Landfill sites

The locations of historical and operational landfills within 3 km of the site boundary are shown on Figure HC/HIA/08 and summarised in Table HC/HIA/T5.

Name Operator Distance from site Waste Status boundary (km) Tickhill Road ? 1.5 No data Historical Old Quarry top Inert & ? 1.8 Historical (1986) of Wrights Hill Industrial Lords Wood Walker & Son Closure 0.7 A06 Quarry (Hauliers) Ltd EAEPR\EA/EPR/QP3597FF/V002 Serlby Sand Caird Active 0.8 A04 Quarry Environmental Ltd EAEPR\EA/EPR/JP3497FS/A001 Rotherham Sand Closure Scrooby Quarry 3 A06 & Gravel Co Ltd EAEPR\EA/EPR/BP3193CB/A001 Hodsock ? 2.4 ? Historical Cottages Key to waste types Inert: Waste which remains largely unaltered once buried such as glass, concrete, bricks, tiles, soil and stones Industrial: Waste from a factory or industrial process. It excludes waste from mines, quarries and agricultural wastes. A04 HCI waste landfill, A06 Former landfill other wastes Table HC/HIA/T5: Details of landfill sites within 3 km of the site boundary

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3.4 Protected sites and areas of ecological interest

There are two Sites of Special Scientific Interest within 3 km of the site boundary (Figure HC/HIA/09), Styrrup Quarry and Scrooby Top Quarry.

Styrrup Quarry lies 700 m to the west of the northwest corner of the site. The SSSI is designated as a Geological Conservation Review site due to an exposure of the Triassic- age Nottingham Castle Formation,

Scrooby Top Quarry lies 3 km to the east of the site and is designated due to exposure of the Nottingham Castle Formation

Neither of these sites is groundwater or surface water dependent.

There are no designated Special Areas of Conservation, Special Protection Areas or Ramsar sites within 3 km of the site boundary.

Bassetlaw District Council has identified a number of local wildlife sites. Those located within 3 km of the site are shown on Figure HC/HIA/09 and summary information provided on Table HC/HIA/T6.

Ref No Easting Northing Site Name Description Interest Area (ha) A notable deciduous 2/112 459747 388256 Fishpond Plantation Botanical 2.033 woodland A deciduous plantation with a 2/119 459526 387589 Hodsock Plantation Botanical 3.909 noteworthy ground flora A disused railway with an Oldcotes disused 2/125 459604 389921 interesting diversity of Botanical 2.461 railway habitats An interesting deciduous 2/126 459473 390256 Ash Holt Styrrup Botanical 1.216 woodland Styrrup/Oldcotes 2/409 460814 388282 A shrub rich hedge Botanical 0.289 Hedge Serlby Park A valuable linear wetland 2/413 463208 388793 Botanical 22.11 Wetlands system A good open sandy woodland Whitehouse 2/570 463854 391776 habitat, well used as a local Botanical 4.658 Plantation amenity A noteworthy area of scrub 2/571 462329 391738 Well Hill Bircotes and wet grassland in an Botanical 2.721 urban setting An open deciduous woodland with a rich and varied flora bounded by open drains and 5/100 459893 391308 Banks Carr Wood Botanical 5.858 one of the last areas of fen meadow remaining in Nottinghamshire A slow flowing drain with 5/101 459844 390959 Banks Carr Drain species rich aquatic and Botanical 0.515 emergent flora Toad Holes Wood A wet deciduous woodland 5/119 461716 388156 Botanical 5.553 Hodsock with a notable ground flora

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Ref No Easting Northing Site Name Description Interest Area (ha) Styrupp Sand A sand quarry of botanical 5/2163 460615 390095 Bird 5.946 Quarry interest St Helen’s Church A notable churchyard 5/2193 459139 388555 Botanical 0.599 grassland grassland A stretch of river of zoological 5/2209 461885 386243 River Ryton Crayfish 0.887 note Serlby Park Golf A golf course with notable 5/2281 463817 388733 Botanical 25.384 Course acid grasslands Roe Hill Green A green lane with a notable 5/2283 464364 387981 Botanical 1.097 Lane flora An ancient woodland 5/382 460907 389446 Ash Holt, Styrupp Botanical 2.174 supporting characteristic flora A remnant fragment of 5/648 462822 388178 Blyth Wood Botanical 3.634 ancient woodland Table HC/HIA/T6: Details of wildlife sites within 3 km of site boundary

None of the local wildlife sites are located on rivers or streams down stream of the site discharge, nor are any positioned down the groundwater gradient from the site (see Section 3.6.5) Other considerations have been identified from information supplied by the Environment Agency and the MAGIC website (magic.defra.gov.uk), as follows: The River Ryton is an eel migratory route and is protected under NERC Sections 41 and 42, BAP priority species, Eels Regulations 2009, Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975 (as amended) The River Torne also has records of bullheads, which is listed in EU Habitats Directive Annex 2 and the Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975 (as amended) The floodplain of the River Ryton is a BAP Priority Habitat (Coastal and Floodplain Grazing Marsh). Grazing marsh is defined as periodically inundated pasture, or meadow with ditches which maintain the water levels, containing standing brackish or fresh water. The ditches are especially rich in plants and invertebrates

3.5 Geology

3.5.1 Regional The solid and superficial geology in the area is shown on Figure HC/HIA/10 and summarised in Table HC/HIA/T7.

Thickness Group Formation Obsolete Name Description (m) Nottingham Bunter Pebble Castle Pebbly sandstone 50 to 200 Sherwood Beds Sandstone Formation Group Lenton Lower Mottled Sandstone 10 to 50 Formation Sandstone Roxby Upper Permian Calcareous mudstone Zechstein Formation Marl Group Brotherton Upper Magnesian Dolomitic limestone

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Thickness Group Formation Obsolete Name Description (m) Formation Limestone Edlington Middle Permian Calcareous mudstone Formation Marl Lower Magnesian Dolostone () Cadeby Limestone Formation Lower Permian Calcareous mudstone absent Marl Yellow Sands Basal Permian sandstone absent Formation Sands Coal Upper Coal Upper Coal Mudstone, siltstone and Measures Measures Measures sandstone Group Formation Text in bold indicates units designated as Principal Aquifers Table HC/HIA/T7: Summary of regional solid geology

Regional bedrock geology comprises sandstone of the Triassic Sherwood Sandstone Group, which directly underlies the site, and limestones and marls of the Permo-Triassic Zechstein Group, which crop out to the west and are present at depth beneath the site. These are in turn underlain by Carboniferous strata. The Permian and Triassic strata dip at a shallow angle to the east. The geological map indicates dips of 2º and 3º.

Regional superficial geology comprises Alluvium, Glacial sand and gravel, Diamicton (Sandy Boulder Clay) and Peat. Over significant parts of the area there are no superficial deposits present and the solid geology crops out at surface.

3.5.2 Local geology According to the geological map, most of the site is underlain by sandstone with no superficial deposits present. An area in the south of the site, covering approximately 25 ha, is shown on the geological map as having alluvial deposits overlying the sandstone.

Two faults are shown cutting through the sandstone beneath the site, one trending approximately east-west, the second northwest-southeast. Both faults throw down the strata to the north. Displacement of the outcrop of the strata to the east indicate that the southern fault has a larger downthrow than the northern.

Information on the depths to the base of the Sherwood Sandstone Group and the underlying limestones in the Zechstein Group has been obtained from borehole records held by the BGS. Borehole locations are shown on Figure HC/HIA/10 and summary details in Appendix HC/HIA/A2. These records show that the base of the Sherwood Sandstone Group dips to the east at a gradient of about 0.038 (1 in 26). Borehole SK68NW36 recorded the base of the sandstone at 3 m below ground level (mbgl), although this was interpreted from geophysical logs and appears to be higher than expected from measurements in boreholes to the east. Borehole SK68NW38, located on the southeastern corner of the site recorded the base of the sandstone at 24.40 mbgl1.

According to the borehole records, the Sherwood Sandstone is separated from the underlying Brotherton Limestone by between 3.66 m and 14.33 m of marl (Roxby Formation).

1 Note that borehole SK68NW50 appears to be incorrectly located on the map and should be approximately 600 m to the northeast, at Elm Cottage. This would be consistent with the borehole name given in the records and the depth to base of sandstone when compared to surrounding boreholes. Page 10 June 2013

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3.6 Hydrogeology

3.6.1 Aquifer status and regional context The Sherwood Sandstone and the Brotherton and Cadeby Formations are all classified as Principal Aquifers by the Environment Agency. The marl formations that lie at the base of the Sherwood Sandstone (the Roxby Formation) and separating the Brotherton and Cadeby Formations (the Edlington Formation) are classed as Secondary B Aquifers.

The site lies within the Idle-Torne PT Sandstone Nottinghamshire & Doncaster Groundwater Body (GB40401G301500). This waterbody has been defined as a Drinking Water Protected Area (DrWPA). DrWPAs are waterbodies where ‘raw’ water is abstracted for human consumption at a rate of at least 10 m3/day, or where over 50 people are served. The current (Environment Agency, Dec 2009) chemical status of the waterbody is ‘poor’ and considered to be at risk of failing to meet the water quality objectives required for ‘good’ chemical status. Atrazine has been identified as the chemical causing the ‘poor’ status.

The Sherwood Sandstone in this area is also designated as a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (Zone 40).

3.6.2 Source Protection Zones The nearest Public Water Supply (PWS) abstractions are Highfield Lane and Austerfield, 7 km to the northeast, Everton PWS near Mattersey, 8 km to the east and Barnaby Moor PWS 8 km to the southeast. The spoil heap lies within the Total Catchment (Zone 3) of a Source Protection Zone.

3.6.3 Aquifer characteristics Sherwood Sandstone Group The most significant flow mechanism in the Sherwood Sandstone is intergranular flow. Fracture flow is important on a local scale and can result in high transmissivities being measured in abstraction boreholes. In general, however, transmissivities estimated from pumping tests are much higher than those required for input to a regional scale groundwater model. Allen et al, 1997, give a range in transmissivity in the Doncaster area of between 100 m2/d and 700 m2/d and less than 100 m2/d within 7 km of the western edge of the sandstone outcrop. The Environment Agency estimated the transmissivity of the sandstone from a pumping test at borehole SK68NW74 of 97 m2/d and 125 m2/d (BGS borehole records).

The impact of faulting on groundwater flow is uncertain; they may act as barriers to flow or result in enhanced flow paths depending on the degree of cementation and secondary mineralisation along the fault zone. Impacts may only be on a local scale, for example impact on groundwater levels where a significant abstraction is adjacent to a fault. On a regional scale, the impact on flow may not be important.

Zechstein Group The uppermost aquifer unit, the Brotherton Formation, is separated from the Sherwood Sandstone by marls of the Roxby Formation. According to Allen et al, groundwater in the Brotherton Formation may be artesian by up to 2 m.

3.6.4 Groundwater abstractions Licensed abstractions: There are six licensed groundwater abstractions within a 3 km radius of the site centre at NGR SK 6167 8998. The location of the abstraction boreholes are shown on Figure HC/HIA/11.

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UK Coal Mining Ltd Hydrogeological Impact Assessment: Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap Final

Licence No NGR (SK) Abstraction (m3) Purpose Location Licence Time annual daily Holder limited 54553 2727 A SI-D Manor Peter Taylor 03/28/76/0023 6060 8720 150021 2727 I PW Farm (Oldcotes) Ltd 13638 1500 A SI-D R E Howard & 03/28/77/0008 6276 9012 Serlby 1/4/2009 - 48862 1500 A SI-D Sons 31/3/2014 D Skelton & 03/28/77/0027 6310 9021 37505 641 A SI-D Serlby Sons Bawtry Farms 03/28/77/0042 6373 9022 69040 1438 A SI-D Scrooby Ltd 6397 9121 1818400 9164.7 W G Harworth UK Coal 03/28/77/0043 6401 9117 1818400 9164.7 I EPW Colliery Mining Ltd SI-D Styrrup P Ramsey 03/28/83/0249/1 6083 9075 12000 70 A SI-S Hall Farm Farms Contains Environment Agency information © Environment Agency and database right Key: A SI-D Agriculture: Spray Irrigation Direct A SI-S Agriculture: Spray irrigation Storage I PW Industry: Process water I EPW Industry: Extractive Process Water W G Water Supply: General use Table HC/HIA/T8: Summary of licensed groundwater abstractions

Private water supplies: According to Bassetlaw District Council, there are two private water supply abstractions within 3 km of the site. These abstractions do not require a licence as the volume of water abstracted is less than 20 m3/day.

The abstractions are located at Northern Garden Supplies Ltd, Oldcotes and Styrrup Hall Golf and Country Club. Locations are shown on Figure HC/HIA/11.

The abstraction at Northern Garden Supplies is located to the west of the western limit of the Sherwood Sandstone and therefore is probably abstracting from the Brotherton Limestone.

3.6.5 Groundwater levels and distribution The Environment Agency has provided inferred groundwater level contours for the Sherwood Sandstone for May 2009 and time-series groundwater level monitoring data from two observation boreholes, Serlby Park (Site Reference 1861GW) and Swinnow Wood (1716GW). The water level contours and the observation boreholes are shown on Figure HC/HIA/11 and the groundwater level variations in the two observation boreholes are shown on Figure HC/HIA/12.

The data shows that groundwater levels beneath the site are approximately 10 mAOD along the western boundary of the site and just under 9 mAOD along the eastern boundary. The topography is at its lowest to the southwest of the site at around 15 mAOD, giving a minimum unsaturated zone thickness of 5 m along the southern part of the western site boundary.

The groundwater levels provided for May 2009 indicate a groundwater flow direction towards the east with a gradient of 0.0018.

According to Allen et al, 1997, extensive abstraction from the aquifer has lowered groundwater levels. They reported that, in general, rivers gain water from the aquifer in their upper reaches

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3.6.6 Groundwater quality The Environment Agency maintains one groundwater quality monitoring borehole within 3 km of the site at Harworth Colliery (ID 38638670). The location of the borehole is shown on Figure HC/HIA/11. Details of relevant determinands analysed in samples taken from this borehole are provided in Appendix HC/HIA/A3, major ions on Table HC/HIA/A3.1 and metals on Table HC/HIA/A3.2. Major ions have been plotted on a Piper Diagram (Figure HC/HIA/A3.1).

The observation borehole is located to the northeast of the site and is not down-gradient. It therefore represents background groundwater quality, albeit in an area likely to have been affected by industrial activity associated with Harworth Colliery.

There are no groundwater quality monitoring boreholes immediately down-gradient of the site.

3.7 Spoil heap operation

While Harworth Colliery was in operation, solid waste material was transported to the spoil heap by conveyor from the colliery and slurry from the processing plant was transported to the lagoon by pipeline.

Surface water run-off was captured by a peripheral drain and directed to a discharge pond (Figure HC/HIA/13) in the southwest corner of the site. Water from the slurry lagoon, plus any incident rainfall collected that it collected, was pumped back to the processing plant for re-use. Water within the drainage ditches was treated with magnesium hydroxide (‘magna-spheres’) to reduce the pH of the water and hence the solubility of metals.

Since the colliery has been on a care and maintenance regime, a number of treatment ponds have been established in the southeast and southwest corners of the site (‘pond 1’, ‘pond 2’ and ‘receiving pond’ on Figure HC/HIA/13). Three of these ponds are lined with HDPE with passive treatment systems designed to lower the pH of the drainage water before it reaches the discharge pond. Final treatment before discharge currently comprises the addition of water from a licensed groundwater abstraction at the colliery site, which is pumped to the discharge pond. As water from the slurry lagoon was no longer pumped away, a decant valve and pipeline was installed to enable rainwater collecting in the former lagoon to be allowed to flow into the eastern section of the peripheral ditch.

It is understood that part of the southern area of the spoil heap is underlain by an artificial low permeability layer. However, the exact area covered, its thickness or permeability is not currently known.

3.8 Conceptual model

The Harworth No 2 Spoil Heap comprises waste material from coal mining at Harworth Colliery, comprising varying proportions of sandstone, shale, mudstone and coal fragments. Historical maps suggest that waste tipping at the site began some time in the late 1940s and continued until 2006 when the colliery was placed on a care and maintenance schedule.

The spoil heap is located in a slight topographic depression, with the elevation of the surrounding land falling from around 35 mAOD in the north to 15 mAOD in the south. Drainage in the low-lying area of Whitewater Common, to the southwest of the site, has been improved by artificial drainage. Most of the area around the site drains to the south and east, towards the

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River Ryton. All the surface water drainage from the site flows into the Whitewater Drain, an artificial channel that drains into the River Ryton.

There are three licensed surface water abstractions downstream of the discharge point and within 3 km of the site boundary. All are located on the River Ryton, two for spray irrigation and one for a pond throughflow.

There are no surface water-dependent statutorily protected sites of ecological interest downstream of the discharge, nor any surface water-dependent local wildlife sites. The River Ryton is noted as a migration route for eels, a BAP protected species, and the River Ryton floodplain is designated as a BAP Priority Habitat.

The site is located on a Principal Aquifer, the Sherwood Sandstone, which is used for public water supply (PWS) as well as private abstraction, mainly for spray irrigation. The western limit of the Sherwood Sandstone lies 700 m to the west of the site and groundwater flow is broadly from west to east at a gradient of 0.0018.

The nearest down-gradient PWS is at Mattersey, 8 km to the east of the site. There are three groundwater abstractions down-gradient of the site and within 3 km of the site boundary, all in use for spray irrigation. A hydrogeological conceptual model of the relationship between the spoil heap and the groundwater system is shown on Figure HC/HIA/14.

There are no groundwater-dependent statutorily protected sites of ecological interest down- gradient of the site, nor any surface water-dependent local wildlife sites. The River Ryton flows from south to north at distances of between 0.8 km and 2 km east of the site boundary. Details of the hydraulic connection between the River Ryton and groundwater is uncertain and the river could gain or lose water from the aquifer depending on the groundwater level.

The waste materials present in colliery spoil heaps contain sulphide minerals, in particular iron pyrite, which when subject to weathering processes can be a long-term source of contamination. The low pH waters (less than pH 4) generated from pyrite oxidation release various metals into solution. Testing of surface water drainage water at the site has shown the presence of iron, aluminium, manganese, sulphate and occasionally zinc. The discharge consent for the site restricts the pH of the discharge water to between pH 5 and 9. If water quality in the discharge is not controlled on-site, there is a risk that potentially contaminated water could be released into the Whitewater Drain.

There is considered to be a potential for leakage from the drains at the southern end of the site and the various treatment and discharge ponds into the underlying sandstone aquifer. In addition there may be leakage from the base of the spoil heap into the aquifer, although this might be limited by a low permeability layer thought to be in place in the southern part of the landfill. There is currently no evidence to indicate whether the site in its current situation is resulting in any release of pollution into the aquifer as there are no down-gradient groundwater monitoring boreholes in place.

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UK Coal Mining Ltd Hydrogeological Impact Assessment: Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap Final

4 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

4.1 Operation

On resumption of mining at Harworth Colliery, it is proposed that the operation of the No 2 Spoil Heap will continue as it has in the past. Coarse discard will be transported onto the spoil heap by conveyor and placed on the landform using on-site mobile plant. Waste from the processing plant will be transported by slurry pipeline to a lagoon located in the southern part of the site. Water accumulating in the lagoon will be returned to the processing plant.

It is understood that there is capacity on the spoil heap for a further 8.4 million m3 of mining waste in order to reach the final landform specified in the restoration proposal. The overall footprint of the spoil heap will not change.

4.2 Restoration

The final restoration contours are shown on Drawing 2074.1 (May 1996) reproduced in Figure HC/HIA/A4.1 (Appendix A4).

4.3 Compliance with Mining Waste Directive

To comply with the Mining Waste Directive, a Waste Management Plan will have to be prepared which will form part of an application for an Environmental Permit.

4.4 Water management during site operation

The drainage arrangements on the site will be maintained as shown on Figure HC/HIA/13. Surface drainage from the spoil heap is intercepted in a perimeter drain. This directs water towards a number of ponds located in the south of the site. Water in the slurry lagoon on the top of the spoil heap will be transferred back to the coal processing plant

As water flows around the peripheral drains it passes through a number of weirs constructed from limestone intended as passive treatment to reduce the pH of the water. Additional active treatment, such as the use of magnesium hydroxide, will be used as required to ensure that the water quality of the discharge meets the requirements of the Environmental Permit for the final discharge.

Site drainage will be managed so as to ensure that the drainage system can contain a 1 in 100 year event, plus climate change. Details are provided in the Flood Risk Assessment.

4.5 Water management post restoration

The drainage on the restored site is shown on Figure HC/HIA/A4.1, and comprises a peripheral drain and ponds, with discharge to Whitewater Drain. Discharge will be managed to ensure that flows in the Whitewater Drain are compatible with any flow restrictions downstream of the discharge point. Details are provided in the Flood Risk Assessment.

With the final soil cap in place on the spoil heap, the mining waste will be isolated from the atmosphere and the generation of low pH drainage will be significantly reduced. A initial period of active management to ensure drainage pH remains within the required limits may be required while the cap vegetation is established sufficiently to prevent exposure of the waste. After this it is considered that only passive treatment would be required to condition the drainage before discharge.

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UK Coal Mining Ltd Hydrogeological Impact Assessment: Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap Final

5 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS

5.1 Methodology

An assessment of the potential effects of the continued operation and subsequent restoration of the Harworth No 2 Spoil Heap on its environs has been undertaken.

Potential impacts were assessed with consideration of the following factors:

Magnitude of the impact Spatial extent of the impact Cumulative impacts Sensitivity of the receiving environment

Mitigation measures and residual impacts have been considered as part of the assessment. The method of assessment is detailed in Appendix HC/HIA/A1 together with the matrices used to provide a robust and repeatable method of assessment.

5.2 Catchment sensitivity

The characteristics of the baseline water environment are used to form a basis from which the impact assessment can be undertaken. Details of how the baseline catchment sensitivity is assessed are provided in Table HC/HIA/A1.1 of Appendix HC/HIA/A1.

The Harworth No 2 Spoil Heap is located within an area classified by the Environment Agency as a Principal Aquifer. The site is located within the outer zone (Zone 3) of a Source Protection Zone and within a Drinking Water Protected Area (DrWPA). Although the nearest public water supply borehole is 8 km to the east, there are three (3) licensed groundwater abstractions down- gradient of the site and within 3 km of the site boundary. All three licenses are used for direct spray irrigation. There are no known issues with water quality at these abstractions.

The permitted surface water discharge from the site is into the Whitewater Drain, which flows for 1.3 km before entering the River Ryton. There are no licensed abstractions from the Whitewater Drain. The closest surface water abstraction downstream of the site discharge is from the River Ryton, approximately 2 km away, which is used for a pond throughflow.

There are no surface water or groundwater-dependent statutorily protected sites, or local wildlife sites downstream of the site discharge, or down the groundwater gradient from the site. However, a BAP species (eel) is recorded in the River Ryton and the floodplain is a BAP Habitat. The floodplain BAP is considered unlikely to be impacted by surface water discharge from the site due to the high flows expected in the River Ryton during flood conditions.

Based on the above hydrological and hydrogeological factors, both the surface water catchment and the groundwater catchment are considered to have a ‘moderate’ sensitivity.

5.3 Potential impacts of renewed tipping

5.3.1 Groundwater levels and flow There will be no increase in the footprint of the site and as the site lies above the groundwater table in the underlying Sherwood Sandstone aquifer the direct impact of resuming tipping operations on groundwater levels and groundwater flow is considered to be ‘negligible’ with a significance of ‘minor’.

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5.3.2 Groundwater quality Given the low permeability of the spoil materials, particularly at the base which will be compressed by the weight of material above, the potential for direct leakage of leachate into the groundwater is considered to be limited. There is considered to be potential for leakage to groundwater from the peripheral drainage system, depending on the thickness of low permeability material beneath the drains. In addition, leakage from the treatment and discharge ponds at the southern end of the site is possible, although some of these are known to be lined.

The resumption of tipping activities involves no changes to the existing drainage system around the site, or extension of the spoil heap and the site will have no additional impact on groundwater quality above what is already occurring. It is considered that the direct impact on groundwater quality of a resumption of tipping will be ‘negligible’ with a significance of impact of ‘minor’.

5.3.3 Groundwater abstractions There are three groundwater abstractions to the east of the site, all used for spray irrigation. Following on from the observations above on impacts to water quality and groundwater flow, the indirect impact of the resuming tipping operations on these groundwater abstractions is considered to be ‘negligible’ with a significance of impact of ‘minor’.

5.3.4 Surface water flows Surface water drainage from the site is discharged into the Whitewater Drain, which ultimately flows into the River Ryton. There is currently no discharge volume specified on the Environmental Permit for the discharge. Discharge volumes are likely to remain similar to those at present, but could reduce depending on how any reinstated slurry lagoon is managed.

Additional impacts from re-commencement of the tipping operations are considered to be ‘negligible’ with a significance of ‘minor’.

5.3.5 Surface water quality There is some potential for high suspended solids to occur in the perimeter drains due to erosion of exposed waste. The surface water drainage system comprises a number of lagoons that will allow settlement of suspended solids before discharge into Whitewater Drain. The discharge permit contains a condition that the suspended solids content of the discharge should not exceed 100 mg/l.

Surface water discharge from the site has the potential to have a very low pH with consequent high concentrations of dissolved metals leached from the spoil. Unless treated on-site, these will be discharged to the external water drainage system where the metals will precipitate resulting in visual impacts along the watercourse.

The quality of surface water discharge into the Drain is already controlled under the Environmental Permit for the discharge. Measures previously used to control the pH prior to discharge include passive treatment ponds, addition of chemicals (eg magnesium hydroxide) when necessary, and dilution at the discharge pond. Water quality in the site and at the discharge point is monitored regularly by UK Coal to ensure compliance with the Permit and records retained at the Harworth offices of UK Coal. Compliance monitoring is also undertaken by the Environment Agency.

Additional direct impacts from re-commencement of the tipping operations are considered to be ‘negligible’ with a significance of ‘minor’.

5.3.6 Sites of ecological interest There are no groundwater or surface water-dependent statutory or local wildlife sites of

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UK Coal Mining Ltd Hydrogeological Impact Assessment: Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap Final ecological interest within 3 km of the boundary of the spoil heap. The River Ryton is noted to contain a BAP protected species and, therefore, there is a potential for indirect impact from poor quality surface water or groundwater entering the river.

However, as the direct impacts to surface water and groundwater from the resumption of tipping at the spoil heap are considered to be negligible, indirect impacts are also considered ‘negligible’, with a significance of ‘minor’.

5.4 Potential impacts after restoration

5.4.1 Groundwater quality There may be potential for leakage from the base of the spoil heap to enter the groundwater as well as water leaking from drains and ponds to generate acid drainage as it passes through waste material.

Given the presence of a soil cap over the restored waste, it is likely that any leakage from the base of the site will reduce over time. It is also expected that the capping of the mining waste will result in the pH of the site runoff having a much higher pH than is currently the case, resulting in reduced risk to groundwater quality if there is leakage from the drainage system.

It is considered that the impact on groundwater quality of the restored site above that from the existing situation will be ‘negligible’ with a significance of impact of ‘none’.

5.4.2 Surface water quality Waste materials will be capped by a soil layer that will act to prevent oxidation of the waste and generation of acidic, metal-rich, water will be significantly reduced. There may be some potential for generating acid discharge if the waste becomes exposed due to erosion or slope failure, but this risk will be reduced as the vegetation becomes established. Passive management of the quality of the runoff water is expected to be sufficient to control the quality of water discharged from the site.

It is considered that the impact on surface water quality of the restored site above that from the existing situation will be ‘negligible’ with a significance of impact of ‘none’.

5.5 Cumulative impacts

Cumulative impacts have been assessed with respect to groundwater quality, surface water quality and the restoration proposals.

Cumulative impacts are those which result from changes caused by past, present or future foreseeable actions:

The No.2 Spoil Heap has been in operation since the late 1940s and, therefore, some impacts on the groundwater and surface water system are expected to have occurred over some considerable time. However, controls on the surface water discharge from the spoil heap have been in place since the 1980s and any significant cumulative impacts on the Whitewater Drain and downstream watercourses would have been recognised by now. There is not considered to be any significant difference between the current situation, where no tipping is taking place, and the operational situation as both require the same controls on the discharge quality. It is considered that there will be no cumulative impact from resumption of waste disposal at the site.

Other activities in the area with potential to impact on the same systems as the spoil heap are those associated with Harworth Colliery, to the north east of the spoil heap.

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The colliery lies in the surface water catchment of the River Torne and, in the past, surface water discharges from the colliery have been into the River Torne catchment. If these discharges resume once the colliery is made operational again, there is no potential for cumulative impacts with surface water discharges from the spoil heap as these are into the River Ryton catchment. The full extent of other impacts as a result of resumption of mining at the colliery will not be clear until more details of the activities likely to be undertaken are available.

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UK Coal Mining Ltd Hydrogeological Impact Assessment: Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap Final

6 MITIGATION MEASURES AND RESIDUAL IMPACTS

6.1 During tipping operations

Groundwater As part of an application for an Environmental Permit (EP), which is required before operations can recommence, it would be proposed that monitoring boreholes are installed up- and down- gradient of the site. These will be sampled on a regular basis and tested for a suite of determinands to be agreed with the Mineral Planning Authority. The sampling frequency and determinands will be specified in the Waste Management Plan to be completed as part of the EP application.

Surface water Mitigation measures for surface water include:

treating water (active and/or passive methods) in the peripheral drains and the final discharge lagoon to ensure that the consented discharge remains within the pH limits stipulated in the Environmental Permit for the site discharge,

ensuring that any treatment lagoons are lined to prevent leakage that might enter the groundwater system,

ensuring that contact time between standing water and exposed waste is minimised to prevent generation of acid drainage,

continued monitoring of surface water quality as per current regime.

6.2 Post-restoration

Groundwater Monitoring of groundwater quality in the observation boreholes would continue in the post- restoration period until a time agreed with the Mineral Planning Authority.

Surface water In order to ensure that run-off remains at the greenfield run-off rates, it will be managed using a number of attenuation ponds. Details of the volumes required and consideration of the flows in the receiving watercourse are given in the Flood Risk Assessment.

A soil cover over the colliery spoil will prevent oxidation of the sulphide minerals in the waste and it is expected that over time, as the ground stabilises, the pH of the run-off in the drainage ditches will gradually rise, preventing the mobilisation of metals in the waste. Any additional management required to ensure that the final discharge water meets the requirements of the Environmental Permit for the site discharge will be designed so that minimal on-going management is required.

Any ponds designed to attenuate flows, or provide passive treatment of drainage water, should be lined with low permeability material to prevent leakage into waste materials and the generation of acid drainage.

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UK Coal Mining Ltd Hydrogeological Impact Assessment: Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap Final

7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Harworth Colliery Spoil Heap No 2 is located 0.8 km to the southeast of the main colliery complex at Harworth, which is operated by UK Coal. The spoil heap has been in use since the late 1940s up to 2006 when mining ceased and the colliery was put on a care and maintenance basis.

The current planning permission for the spoil heap expires in June 2013 and UK Coal wishes to extend this in order to permit future tipping in the event that mining at Harworth re- commences. It is understood that there is available capacity at the spoil heap for an additional 8.4 million cubic metres of mining waste.

The site lies in the surface water catchment of the River Ryton. Drainage from the site is directed to the southwestern corner of the site for discharge to the Whitewater Drain, a tributary of the River Ryton.

The site is located on the Sherwood Sandstone, classified by the Environment Agency as a Principal Aquifer. Groundwater levels indicate a flow from west to east, towards the River Ryton.

There are 6 groundwater abstractions within 3 km of the site, only three of which are down- hydraulic gradient of the site. All three are used for spray irrigation, the closest being 0.7 km east of the eastern boundary of the site. There are no private groundwater supplies down- gradient of the site.

There are 11 surface water abstractions within 3 km of the site, only three of which are located downstream of the site’s surface water discharge point. All are located on the River Ryton.

When the colliery was operational, solid mining spoil was transported to the spoil heap via a conveyor. Slurry form the coal preparation plant was pumped to the spoil heap and stored in a slurry lagoon. Following settlement, water in the lagoon was returned to the coal processing plant for re-use.

Oxidation of sulphide minerals, principally pyrite, in the waste material results in the production of low pH water with elevated concentrations of a number of metals. This acid drainage is particularly significant where waste is directly exposed to the atmosphere. The principal treatment for drainage water entering the perimeter ditches of the site was the addition of chemicals to increase the pH and precipitate dissolved metals. Some passive treatment using limestone was also used.

Discharge from the site is allowed under an Environmental Permit which specifies that the pH of the discharge water must be between 5 and 9 pH units. No constraints are specified for discharge volumes.

Resumption of tipping at the spoil heap is considered unlikely to alter the volume or quality of the water currently being discharged from the site, or that experienced when the site was previously operational.

It is considered that there will be no additional impact to the groundwater system from resumption of operations above those already experienced from the operation of the site over the last 60 years.

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There are no groundwater-dependent statutorily protected sites or local wildlife sites down- gradient of the site. Although there are no surface water-dependent statutorily protected sites or local wildlife sites downstream of the site, the River Ryton is noted to contain a BAP protected species.

As part of a future application for an Environmental Permit for the site, the installation of groundwater observation boreholes in the Sherwood Sandstone would be proposed in order to monitor the groundwater quality down-gradient of the site.

For surface water, there is already control on the quality of the site discharge via conditions included in the Environmental Permit for the discharge. Measures are already in place on the site to ensure that the quality of the discharge meets the compliance criteria of the Permit.

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FIGURES

April 2013

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Harworth Colliery Spoil Heap No.2

Barkers Chambers, Client Title Barker Street, Location of No. 2 Spoil Heap UK Coal Mining Ltd. Shrewsbury, SY1 1SB at Harworth Colliery Harworth Park UK Project Date Tel. +44 (0)1743 355770 Blyth Road Harworth Quarry June13 Fax. +44 (0)1743 357771 Harworth, DN11 8DB Figure No. Scale HC/HIA/01 nts N Harworth Brunel Colliery Business Park

Styrrup Village

Harworth Business Park

Harworth Avenue

Site boundary

Barkers Chambers, Client Title Barker Street, Site setting UK Coal Mining Ltd. Shrewsbury, SY1 1SB Harworth Park UK Project Date Tel. +44 (0)1743 355770 Blyth Road Harworth Quarry June13 Fax. +44 (0)1743 357771 Harworth, DN11 8DB Figure No. Scale HC/HIA/02 nts N

Barkers Chambers, Client Title Barker Street, Current landform UK Coal Mining Ltd. Shrewsbury, SY1 1SB Harworth Park UK Project Date Tel. +44 (0)1743 355770 Blyth Road Harworth Quarry June13 Fax. +44 (0)1743 357771 Harworth, DN11 8DB Figure No. Scale HC/HIA/03 nts N

P4 77/044

77/015

77/014

77/037 P2 28016

P1 77/046/1

76/026 77/039 28047

76/024 77/040

75/069 28091

76/021

Flow gauging station

Abstraction (centre of reach)

Abstraction (single point)

P1 Water bodies (see text)

Barkers Chambers, Client Title Barker Street, Surface water features and UK Coal Mining Ltd. Shrewsbury, SY1 1SB surface water abstractions Harworth Park UK Project Date Tel. +44 (0)1743 355770 Blyth Road Harworth Colliery June13 Fax. +44 (0)1743 357771 Harworth, DN11 8DB Figure No. Scale HC/HIA/04 1:50,000 N

Client Title Barkers Chambers, Watercourses maintained by Barker Street, UK Coal Mining Ltd. Water Level Management Board Shrewsbury, SY1 1SB Harworth Park Project Date Tel. +44 (0)1743 355770 Blyth Road Harworth Colliery June13 Fax. +44 (0)1743 357771 Harworth, DN11 8DB Figure No. Scale HC/HIA/05 nts N

Client Title Barkers Chambers, Discharge consents Barker Street, UK Coal Mining Ltd. Shrewsbury, SY1 1SB Harworth Park Project Date Tel. +44 (0)1743 355770 Blyth Road Harworth Colliery June 13 Fax. +44 (0)1743 357771 Harworth, DN11 8DB Figure No. Scale HC/HIA/06 nts N

(a) Current ecological status

(b) Current chemical status

Source: Environment Agency website: What’s in your backyard

Barkers Chambers, Client Title Barker Street, Ecological and Chemical status of UK Coal Mining Ltd. Shrewsbury, SY1 1SB rivers Harworth Park UK Project Date Tel. +44 (0)1743 355770 Blyth Road Harworth Colliery June 13 Fax. +44 (0)1743 357771 Harworth, DN11 8DB Figure No. Scale HC/HIA/07 nts N

Tickhill Road

Old Quarry

Lords Wood

Serlby Quarry

Scrooby Quarry

Hodsock Cottages

Barkers Chambers, Client Title Barker Street, Landfills within 3km of the site UK Coal Mining Ltd. Shrewsbury, SY1 1SB boundary Harworth Park UK Project Date Tel. +44 (0)1743 355770 Blyth Road Harworth Colliery June 13 Fax. +44 (0)1743 357771 Harworth, DN11 8DB Figure No. Scale HC/HIA/08 1:50,000 N

Styrrup Quarry SSSI Scrooby Top Quarry SSSI

Barkers Chambers, Client Title Barker Street, Sites of ecological interest UK Coal Mining Ltd. Shrewsbury, SY1 1SB Harworth Park UK Project Date Tel. +44 (0)1743 355770 Blyth Road Harworth Colliery June 13 Fax. +44 (0)1743 357771 Harworth, DN11 8DB Figure No. Scale HC/HIA/09 As shown Superficial Geology

Solid Geology

Boreholes with geological information

Barkers Chambers, Barker Street, Client Title Geology Shrewsbury, SY1 1SB UK Coal Mining Ltd. UK Harworth Park Project Harworth Colliery Tel. +44 (0)1743 355770 Blyth Road Fax. +44 (0)1743 357771 Figure No. Date Scale Harworth, DN11 8DB HC/HIA/10 June 13 1:50,000 N

1716GW

Styrrup Golf Club 38638670 77/043

77/249/1 77/027 77/042 77/008 1861GW

Northern Garden Supplies

77/023

Private water supply Inferred groundwater level (May 2009) Groundwater flow direction

Barkers Chambers, Client Title Barker Street, Groundwater levels and UK Coal Mining Ltd. Shrewsbury, SY1 1SB monitoring boreholes Harworth Park UK Project Date Tel. +44 (0)1743 355770 Blyth Road Harworth Colliery June 13 Fax. +44 (0)1743 357771 Harworth, DN11 8DB Figure No. Scale HC/HIA/11 50,000 10

5 SERLBY PARK SWINNOW WOOD

4 Groundwater elevation Groundwater (mAoD) elevation

0 01/01/1969 01/01/1979 01/01/1989 01/01/1999 01/01/2009 01/01/2019

Barkers Chambers, Barker Street, Client: UK Coal Ltd. Title: Groundwater level variations Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK, SY1 1SB Harworth Park Tel: 01743 355770 Blyth Road Project: Harworth Colliery Date: Jun-2013 www.hafrenwater.com Harworth, DN11 8DB Drawing: HC/HIA/12 Scale: n/a P:\Projects\Harworth Colliery (1629)\Reporting\Figures\Harworth Tip_Figure HC_HIA_12 gw levels N

Peripheral drain (pipe)

Peripheral drain (trench) Peripheral drain (trench)

Decant valve

Former Slurry lagoon Receiving pond

Pond 1 Discharge pond Pond 2

Barkers Chambers, Client Title Barker Street, Site drainage UK Coal Mining Ltd. Shrewsbury, SY1 1SB Harworth Park UK Project Date Tel. +44 (0)1743 355770 Blyth Road Harworth Colliery June13 Fax. +44 (0)1743 357771 Harworth, DN11 8DB Figure No. Scale HC/HIA/13 1:10,000 WEST EAST

Harworth Colliery No.2 Spoil Heap Groundwater Surface abstraction Drainage ditches runoff and lagoons River Ryton

Colliery Spoil

SSG

Potential vertical Seepage from drains and lagoons to groundwater Low permeability Layer. Location and Potential vertical thickness uncertain Seepage from Roxby Brotherton base of Formation Formation spoil heap

Client: Title: Barkers Chambers, Barker Conceptual model Street, Shrewsbury, SY1 1SB UK Coal Mining Ltd. Harworth Park Project: Harworth Quarry Tel. 01743 355770 Blyth Road Fax. 01743 357771 Drawing: Date: Scale: Harworth, DN11 8DB HC/HIA/14 June 2013 nts UK Coal Mining Ltd Hydrogeological Impact Assessment: Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap Final

APPENDIX HC/HIA/A1

Assessment methodology

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Method of assessment

The method of assessment of hydrological and aquatic effects has involved:

Characterisation of the baseline environment Determination of the sensitivity of key catchments and watercourses Evaluation of the significance of predicted effects taking account of the magnitude of effects (before and after mitigation) Evaluation of the sensitivity of the baseline environment affected

A rigorous and consistent approach to the assessment has been adopted using matrices to help classify sensitivity of the resource, and determine the scale and significance of effects.

Baseline sensitivity

The characterisation of the baseline water environment has involved the review of data and identification of sensitivities. The characterisation of catchment sensitivities has been guided by the matrix presented in Table HC/HIA/A1.1 which lists indicative criteria.

The criteria for sensitivity are based approximately on hierarchy of factors relating to the quality of the aquatic environment. The criteria have been used to guide the analysis of the sensitivity of the baseline hydrological, hydrogeological and water quality environment.

Sensitivity category Sensitivity criteria Adjacent to Application Area Downstream/in catchment High sensitivity SSSI or Aquatic Natura 2000 site Aquatic Natura 2000 site or Wetland/watercourse habitat of SSSI immediately downstream/ particular ecological importance adjacent to site Highly vulnerable groundwater Significant peat deposits on sloping ground Medium sensitivity Wetland watercourse habitat of Aquatic Natura 2000 site or particular ecological importance SSSI further downstream of the Moderately vulnerable catchment. groundwater Sensitive locally designated site Significant peat deposits of ecological interest Low sensitivity Low vulnerability groundwater Superficial peat deposits Not sensitive No aquatic habitats or watercourses present No significant groundwater present Table HC/HIA/A1.1: Catchment sensitivity classification

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Impact prediction and evaluation

The prediction and assessment of effects on hydrology, hydrogeology and other aquatic resources has been undertaken using a series of tables to document the various potential impacts from aspects of the proposed project. Impacts have been predicted for the proposed development based on the guideline criteria for impact magnitudes set out in Table HC/HIA/A1.2.

Impact Guideline criteria magnitude High Total loss of, or alteration to, key features of the baseline resource such that post-development characteristics or quality would be fundamentally and irreversibly changed, eg watercourse realignment Medium Total loss of, or alteration to, key features of the baseline resource such that post-development characteristics or quality would be partially changed, eg in- stream permanent bridge works Low Small changes to the baseline resource which are detectable but the underlying characteristics or quality of the baseline situation would be similar to pre-development conditions, eg culverting of very small watercourses Negligible A very slight change from baseline conditions, which is barely distinguishable and approximates to the ‘no change’ situation, eg short-term compaction from plant movements Table HC/HIA/A1.2: Impact magnitude

Using these criteria a series of generic impacts have been predicted for the proposed development. Residual effects have been predicted taking into account site-specific mitigation.

The significance of the predicted effects has been assessed in relation to the sensitivities of the baseline resource. A matrix of significance was developed to provide a consistent framework for evaluation and is presented in Table HC/HIA/A1.3. Guideline criteria for the various categories of effect are included in Table HC/HIA/A1.4.

Magnitude Sensitivity High Medium Low Negligible High Major Major Moderate Minor Medium Major Moderate Minor Minor Low Moderate Minor Minor None Negligible Minor Minor None None Table HC/HIA/A1.3: Significance matrix

Significance Definition Guideline criteria None No detectable change to the No effects on drainage patterns, surface environment and groundwater quality or aquatic habitat Minor A small but detectable Localised changes in drainage patterns or change to the environment groundwater flows, or changes resulting in minor and reversible effects on surface and groundwater quality or aquatic habitats

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Significance Definition Guideline criteria Moderate A larger, but non- Changes in water quality or quantity fundamental change to the affecting part of a catchment or environment groundwaters of moderate vulnerability, or changes resulting in loss of conservation value to aquatic habitats or designated areas Major A fundamental change to the Changes in water quality or quantity environment affecting widespread catchments or groundwater reserves of strategic significance, or changes resulting in substantial loss of conservation value to aquatic habitats and designations Table HC/HIA/A1.4: Significance of effects categories

In the above classification, fundamental changes are those which are permanent, detrimental and would result in widespread change to the baseline environment.

The matrices used to guide the assessment have been applied with a degree of flexibility since the evaluation of effects would always be subject to particular location-specific characteristics which need to be taken into account. For this reason, the evaluation of impact significance, in particular, would not always correlate exactly with the cells in the relevant matrix where professional judgement and knowledge of local conditions may result in a slightly different interpretation of the impact concerned. Cumulative effects have been taken into account through prediction and evaluation of effects at a catchment-wide level.

June 2013

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APPENDIX HC/HIA/A2

Summary geological logs

June 2013

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UK Coal Mining Ltd Hydrogeological Impact Assessment: Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap Final

Summary of information from BGS logs

Borehole ID SK69SW7 SK68NW60 SK68NW36 NGR SK6095091049 SK6025089410 SK6142889811 Elevation 14.2 mAOD 14 mAOD 11.82 mAOD Total depth 4.4 m 1044.24 m Base of unit Base of unit Base of unit Unit Depth Elevation Depth Elevation Depth Elevation Sherwood Sandstone Group 28.04 -13.84 3 8.82 Roxby Fm 42.37 -28.17 3.9 10.1 13.2 -1.38 Brotherton Fm 53.04 -38.84 Not seen 24 -12.18 Edlington Fm 70.71 -56.51 50.10 -38.28 Cadeby Fm 127.1 -112.9 86.10 -74.28 Comments: Artesian water reported RWL 3 m (Brotherton at 114 m (Cadeby formation) Formation)

Borehole ID SK68NW38 SK68NW50 SK68NW61 NGR SK6201189159 SK62158935 SK62508870 Elevation 12.15 mAOD ? 13.7 mAOD Total depth 1069.8 m 72 m 1095.15 m Base of unit Base of unit Base of unit Unit Depth Elevation Depth Elevation Depth Elevation Sherwood Sandstone Group 24.40 -12.25 41 41.15 -27.45 Roxby Fm 34.90 -22.8 45 44.81 -31.11 Brotherton Fm 45.90 -33.8 Not seen 55.78 -42.08 Edlington Fm 78.70 -66.6 83.51 -69.81 Cadeby Fm 102.10 -90 144.17 -130.47 Comments Artesian water reported Reported to be dry. at base of Permian Backfilled Location appears incorrect , ‘Elm Cottage’ is at SK62508960

Borehole ID SK68NW42 SK68NW74 SK69SW163 NGR SK6319388932 SK62738969 SK6266090080 Elevation 11.82 mAOD 16 mAOD 29.56 mAOD Total depth 1066.04 m 60.69 m 36.58 m Base of unit Base of unit Base of unit Unit Depth Elevation Depth Elevation Depth Elevation Sherwood Sandstone Group 62.65 -50.83 56.7 -40.7 Not seen Roxby Fm 72.05 -60.23 Not seen Brotherton Fm 80.85 -69.03 Edlington Fm 115.65 -103.83 Cadeby Fm 167.05 -155.23 Comments 2 hr pumping test: RWL Borehole went dry in 4.81 m, PWL 30 m at 1953. Filled in. discharge of 1756 m3/d. Early T = 125 m2/d Late T = 97 m2/d

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Borehole ID SK69SW47 NGR SK6335690476 Elevation 15.18 mAOD Total depth 1093.46 m Base of unit Unit Depth Elevation Sherwood Sandstone Group 74 -58.82 Roxby Fm 87 -71.82 Brotherton Fm 100 -84.82 Edlington Fm 135.6 -120.42 Cadeby Fm 187.80 -172.62 Comment:

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APPENDIX HC/HIA/A3

Groundwater quality data (Environment Agency monitoring borehole at Harworth Colliery)

June 2013

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17/04/2007 25/10/2007 11/04/2008 04/11/2008 08/05/2009 11/11/2009 02/02/2010 27/08/2010 20/04/2011 04/11/2011 24/05/2012 04/10/2012 pH 7.6 7.5 7 7.7 7.3 7.3 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.6 7.3

Hardness, Total as CaCO3 mg/l 415 564 578 551 389 459 596 606 593 659 627 620 Conductivity 1180 1300 1268 961 1085 1289 1339 1341 1482 1425 1421 Magnesium mg/l 42.1 55.8 57.9 55.8 39.4 47.7 58.7 61.5 59.2 66.4 63.1 63.5 Calcium mg/l 96.8 134 136 127 90.4 111 137 146 139 149 147 Sodium mg/l 31.3 28.3 29.5 31.1 29.9 39.2 29.2 33.9 34.2 41.2 36.7 38.8 Potassium mg/l 3.21 3.53 3.54 3.35 3.55 3.54 3.52 3.45 3.38 3.58 3.28 3.41 Alkalinity to pH 4.5 as mg/l CaCO3 133 175 173 166 142 177 178 194 179 200 178 184

Bicarbonate as HCO3 mg/l 173 216 217 237 218 244 217 224

Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 122 138 142 136 112 131 143 155 152 179 173 169 Chloride mg/l 120 194 193 187 96.3 140 198 202 202 239 213 215 Nitrate as N mg/l 15 12.6 10.8 12.7 16.8 13.6 13.5 7.63 9.49 2.13 9.57 9.35 Nitrite as N mg/l 0.0445 0.11 0.767 0.257 0.0812 0.0993 0.0799 3.17 0.427 2.39 0.53 0.65 Contains Environment Agency information © Environment Agency and database right Table HC/HIA/A3.1: Major ions

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17/04/2007 25/10/2007 11/04/2008 04/11/2008 08/05/2009 11/11/2009 02/02/2010 27/08/2010 20/04/2011 04/11/2011 24/05/2012 04/10/2012 Iron µg/l 42.9 33 73 148 57 158 281 257 422 217 521 427 Iron, dissolved µg/l 59 30 54 31 153 149 30 103 376 copper µg/l 1.87 1.8 1.6 2.1 2.1 1.7 3.1 1.9 1.52 1.59 1.49 2.24 copper, dissolved µg/l 2 <1 <1 <1 <1 1.53 cadmium <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.16 cadmium, dissolved <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

manganese ug/l 110 214 320 355 27 220 302 524 520 745 610 manganese, dissolved ug/l 353 20 208 288 503 515 738 594 Contains Environment Agency information © Environment Agency and database right Table HC/HIA/A3.1: Metals

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UK Coal Ltd Hydrogeological Impact Assessment: Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap Final

Figure HC/HIA/A3.1: Piper plot for Harworth Colliery monitoring borehole

June 2013

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UK Coal Ltd Hydrogeological Impact Assessment: Harworth Colliery No 2 Spoil Heap Final

APPENDIX HC/HIA/A4

Proposed site restoration

June 2013

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Client: Title: Landform of restored site Barkers Chambers, UK Coal Mining Ltd. Barker Street, Harworth Park Shrewsbury, SY1 1SB Project: Date: Blyth Road Harworth Colliery June 2013 Tel. +44 (0)1743 355770 Harworth, DN11 8DB Figure No. Scale: Fax. +44 (0)1743 357771 HC/HIA/A4.1 nts