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Stranci U Beogradu GEOPOLITIČKI ČASOPIS STRANCI U BEOGRADU AUTORI: GEOPOLITIČKI ČASOPIS Vladimir ABRAMOVIĆ – Univerzitet u ISSN 1820-0869 Beogradu, Filozofski fakultet _____________________ Milica CICMIL – Univerzitet u Beogradu, _____________________Broj 2/2013 Filozofski fakultet Naučna redakcija: Haris DAJČ – Univerzitet u Beogradu, Filozofski Ivo GOLDSTEIN, Erick GORDI, fakultet Egidio IVETIC, Dušan JANJIĆ, Biljana JOVANOVIĆ ILIĆ – Ministarstvo Predrag MATVEJEVIĆ, Anđelka poljoprivrede i zaštite životne sredine MIHAJLOV, Aleksandar MIRKOVIĆ, Republike Srbije Vuk OGNJANOVIĆ, Margerita Marija KOCIĆ – Univerzitet u Beogradu, PAULINI, Darko TANASKOVIĆ, Filozofski fakultet Predrag SIMIĆ, Aleksandra STUPAR, Josip VRANDEČIĆ Slobodan G. MARKOVIĆ – Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet političkih nauka Izdavač De jan M. RA DU LO VIĆ – Ministarstvo regionalnog razvoja i lokalne samouprave RS Beograd, Francuska 14 E-mail: [email protected] Sofi ja RADULOVIĆ – Ministarstvo fi nansija www.limesplus.rs; www.hedu.biz Republike Srbije Aleksandar RASTOVIĆ – Beograd, Istorijski Za izdavača institut Zorica STABLOVIĆ BULAJIĆ Svetlana RISTOVIĆ – Kriminalističko-policijska Odgovorni urednik akademija u Beogradu Nikola SAMARDŽIĆ Mirjana ROTER BLAGOJEVIĆ – Univerzitet u Izvršna redakcija: Beogradu, Arhitektonski fakultet Vladimir ABRAMOVIĆ, Nikola SAMARDŽIĆ – Univerzitet u Beogradu, Milica CICMIL, Haris DAJČ, Filozofski fakultet Zorica STABLOVIĆ BULAJIĆ, Je le na TO DO RO VIĆ – Univerzitet u Beogradu, Maja VASILJEVIĆ (sekretar), Filozofski fakultet Alenka ZDEŠAR ĆIRILOVIĆ Maja VASILJEVIĆ – Univerzitet u Beogradu, Prevod sa engleskog: Filozofski fakultet Haris Dajč, Milica Cicmil, Rodoljub VASILJEVIĆ – Univerzitet u Beogradu, Maja Vasiljević i Vladimir Abramović Filozofski fakultet Tehnički urednik Ivana VESIĆ, Beograd, Muzikološki institut Predrag Knežević SANU Lektorka CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији Jelena Stojanović Народна библиотека Србије, Београд 32 Korektorka LIMES plus : geopolitički časopis / za Sanja Trifunović izdavača Zorica Stablović Bulajić ; odgovorni urednik Nikola Samardžić. - 2004, br. 1- . Prodaja i pretplata - Beograd (Francuska 14) : Hesperia edu, Ivana Stojanović 2004- (Beograd : Greenfi eld). - 24 cm Štampa Tri puta godišnje Greenfi eld, Beograd ISSN 1820-0869 = Limes plus COBISS.SR-ID 114047756 sadržaj br. 2/2013 UVODNIK 5 Nikola SAMARDŽIĆ: Stranci u Beogradu Deo I – POGLED bez predrasuda 9 Slobodan G. MARKOVIĆ: Od grada s druge strane granice zapadne civilizacije ka gradu unutar granica Evrope (XVIII–XIX vek) 27 Aleksandar RASTOVIĆ: Britanska percepcija Beograda: MODERNIZACIJA U XIX VEKU 41 Nikola SAMARDŽIĆ, Vladimir ABRAMOVIĆ: Švajcarac u Beogradu: NIKOLA DOKSAT DE MOREZ 51 Rodoljub VASILJEVIĆ: Ali-Riza Paša: POSLEDNJI TURSKI KOMANDANT BEOGRADSKE TVRĐAVE 59 Vladimir ABRAMOVIĆ: Herman Vendel i Beograd: POGLED BEZ PREDRASUDA Deo II – S DRUGE STRANE limesa 69 Marija KOCIĆ: Diplomate u ranomodernom Beogradu: DOLAZAK NOVIH STRANACA 85 Haris DAJČ, Maja VASILJEVIĆ: Status Jevreja u osmanskom i habzburškom Beogradu (XVII−XVIII vek): STRANCI, MANJINE ILI SARADNICI? 105 Je le na TO DO RO VIĆ: Isu sov ci u Be o gra du: 1580–1632. go di ne: U MI SI JI VER SKOG OBRA ZO VA NJA 115 Svetlana RISTOVIĆ: Rudolf Arčibald Rajs u Beogradu: REFORMATOR SRPSKE POLICIJE Deo III – Novi KULTURNI OBRASCI 129 Mirjana ROTER BLAGOJEVIĆ: Jan Nevole: PRVI MODERNI ARHITEKTA U BEOGRADU 149 De jan M. RA DU LO VIĆ, So fi ja RADULOVIĆ: Jo va n Ga vri lo vi ć: DOPRINOS DR ŽAV NO-PRAVNOM I EKO NO MSKOM RAZVOJU SR BI JE 175 Ivana VESIĆ: Davorin Jenko, „naš stranac”u kulturnom životu Beograda (1865–1914): KONTRADIKTORNOSTI ETNIČKOG KONCEPTA NACIONALNOG IDENTITETA 197 Milica CICMIL: Katarina Ivanović u Beogradu: NACIONALNA HEROINA ILI STRANKINJA? 217 Biljana JOVANOVIĆ ILIĆ: BEOGRAD KAO AUTENTIČNI KULTURNI PREDEO U FOKUSU STRANIH KULTURA UVODNIK STRANCI U BEOGRADU Verovatno sam neoprezno, i sa entuzi- jazmom, prihvatio ideju Zorice Stablović Bulajić da pokrenemo naučnu konfer- enciju Stranci u Beogradu. Kako su se pripreme odvijale zaustavili smo se, srećom, na Beogradu XVIII i XIX veka. Suočili smo se sa izazovom čija je suština ne samo obimna nego i gotovo neuhvatljiva. Biti stranac u gradu koji sebe smatra važnim nije samo segment neke neodređene egzistencijalističke fenomenologije. Dok smo se pripremali za iskustva svih naših sagovornika, jedno od pitanja koje se nametalo bilo je, ko zapravo nije stranac u Beogradu navedene epohe, ili, svejedno, ko se ne oseća strancem, u smislu identiteta ili otuđenja, u Beogradu tekućih dana, ili nekome drugom sličnom ljud- skom staništu. Ili, u kome trenutku stranci to više nisu? Kad stranci postaju većina, a domaći se povlače ili beže? U kojoj meri je Beograd dalek svome balkanskom i panonskom zaleđu? Sve ovakve ili slične nedoumice upućivale su, konačno, da pre svega tragamo za činjenicama, i često se, nažalost, odričemo preterano smelih tumačenja. Beograd je utočište imigranata, i jedan od poslednjih izdisaja evropske kul- ture na onome pradavnom, možda i ukletom Limesu koji deli civilizaciju od var- varstva. Globalni razvoj ne uspeva da izbriše takve utiske. U sudarima svetova, Beograd je ponekad bio njihova obostrana žrtva. To povremeno brisanje prošlosti, koja je, umesto da se pamtila u čuvanim spisima, ili arhitekturi, propadala u mitu i predanju, činilo je da svaki nov početak u istoriji grada pripada strancima i njiho- vim mahom stihijskim naporima da pokrenu život i institucije, i održe ih najma- nje u nekoliko narednih pokolenja. Tako je nastao i moderni Beograd, iz ruševina provincijskog germanskog baroka i jednako provincijske orijentalne mahale, da bi izvesna imperijalna svojstva, prihvatajući nove strance, razvio u svojstvu jugoslov- enske metropole. Stranci u Beogradu verovatno su, i ako je to nemoguće, istovremeno svi. Naročito u svojim intimnim, ličnim doživljajima: pridošlice u odnosu na zatečene, zatečeni u odnosu na pridošlice. Otuđenje je dodatno podsticalo izmišljanje iden- ti teta, nacionalnih, kulturnih, građanskih ili malograđanskih, nekad i negaciju svega tuđeg, i kad se to tuđe nije prepoznavalo u sopstvenom karakteru. Beograd se isticao i u vidnom kontrastu sa svojom neposrednom okolinom. Kao da nemaju ničeg zajedničkog. Identitet modernog Beograda odnosi se pre svega na istorijsku ulogu sred- nje klase, najpre na sve njene slabosti. Tom sloju su, uslovno, pripadali i stranci. Građanstvo se postepeno nametalo u senci tektonskih poremećaja u međunarodnim 5 STRANCI U BEOGRADU odnosima koji su nastupili prodorom Austrije u Podunavlje krajem XVII veka, i njenom pojavom u Italiji, delu Nizozemske i u prostranstvu složenih granica ger- manskog i slovenskog sveta. Srpska revolucija potom je, od početka XIX veka, ulogu građanstva privremeno marginalizovala otvaranjem velikih nacionalnih i in- tegrativnih izazova, dok su institucije, gotovo organski vezane za moderan urbani karakter, čekale povoljnije vreme u smislu isticanja svoje uloge i trajnih vrednosti. Drugim rečima, liberalna agenda legitimiteta državnog autoriteta ograničenog vla- davinom prava i posvećenog zaštiti građanstva zadugo je zanemarena pozivima na konačno rešenje nacionalnog pitanja, zapravo prioritetom istorijske emancipacije ruralno-nomadskog društva koje se nije prilagodilo ni otomanskoj dekadenciji, niti austrijskoj modernizaciji. I više od toga, urbana enklava u okrilju pretežnog, tromog i nepoverljivog tradicionalnog društva, Beograd je ostao stranac sam po sebi. Ali osećanje tuđina ili tuđeg nikad nije ugasilo njegove privlačne snage, koje su osećali i stranci, i oni koji su smatrali da to nisu. Možda su, upravo zato, u njemu retko boravili stranci koji su se, nakon izvesnog vremena, takvim zauvek smatrali. Ni ko la Sa mar džić 6 GEOPOLITIČKI ČASOPIS STRANCI U BEOGRADU Deo I POGLED bez predrasuda UDK: 316.75(497.11:410)”17/18” 821.111.09-992 Od grada s druge strane Pregledni naučni rad granice zapadne civilizacije KA GRADU UNUTAR Slobodan G. MARKOVIĆ GRANICA EVROPE Fakultet političkih nauka Univerzitet u Beogradu * (XVIII–XIX vek) [email protected] Rad pra ti sli ku ko ja je u Bri ta ni ji na sta ja la o Be o gra du od pi sa ma Lej di Mon te gju iz 1716. do po čet ka XX ve ka, na osno vu pu to pi sa, ma pa i ge o graf- skih opi sa. Autor uka zu je na ima gi nar nu gra ni cu ci vi li za ci je ko ju je pro sve- ti telj stvo po sta vi lo po sle 1740. na ju žne gra ni ce Austri je. Ti me je Be o grad za za pad ne Evro plja ne i Bri tan ce ostao s dru ge stra ne ci vi li za ci je i po stao por tal Is to ka i nje go va naj se ver ni ja tvr đa va. To kom XIX ve ka do la zi do evro pe i za- ci je i ok ci den ta li za ci je (po za pad nje nja) sli ke Be o gra da. Ovaj pro ces se okon- ča va ja snim raz vr sta va njem Be o gra da kra jem XIX ve ka u okvi re „ci vi li za ci- je” či me on, u bri tan skom vi đe nju, ko nač no na pu šta Is tok. Ključ ne re či: Bri tan ska sli ka Be o gra da, XVI II-XIX vek, Is tok, ok ci den ta li za ci ja Pet bri tan skih put ni ka i di plo ma ta pi- sa lo je u XVI i XVII ve ku o Be o gra du i Sme de rev skom san dža ku. Oni su osta- vi li uglav nom in for ma tiv ne opi se Be o gra da u vre me ka da je on bio va žan grad u Osman skoj unu tra šnjo sti.1 Be o grad je po stao deo Osman skog car stva 1521. Ta da 1 U pi ta nju su en gle ski am ba sa do ri Edvard Bar ton (Ed ward Bar ton, 1562?−1597), Pi ter Man di (Pe ter Mundy, 1596-, po se ta Be o gra du 1620.), ser Hen ri Blant (Sir He nry Blo unt, 1602−1682, po se ta 1634), Džon Ber be ri (John Bur bury, po se ta 1665.) i dr Edvard Braun (Ed wa rd Brow ne, po se ta Be o gra du 1669.): Ko stić 1972, 285–289, 321–327, 396.
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