Use of Ozone Depleting Substances in Laboratories
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Use of ozone depleting substances in laboratories Use of ozone depleting substances in laboratories TemaNord 2003:516 Use of ozone depleting substances in laboratories Tem aNord 2003:516 © Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen 2003 ISBN 92-893-0884-2 ISSN 0908-6692 Print: Ekspressen Tryk & Kopicenter Printed on paper approved by the Nordic Environmental Labelling. This publication may be purchased from any of the agents listed on the last page. Nordic Council of Ministers Nordic Council Store Strandstræde 18 Store Strandstræde 18 DK-1255 Copenhagen K DK-1255 Copenhagen K Phone (+45) 3396 0200 Phone (+45) 3396 0400 Fax (+45) 3396 0202 Fax (+45) 3311 1870 Website: www.norden.org Nordic Environmental Co-operation Environmental co-operation is aimed at contributing to the improvement of the environment and forestall problems in the Nordic countries as well as on the international scene. The co- operation is conducted by the Nordic Committee of Senior Officials for Environmental Affairs. The co-operation endeavours to advance joint aims for Action Plans and joint projects, ex- change of information and assistance, e.g. to Eastern Europe, through the Nordic Environmental Finance Corporation (NEFCO). The Nordic Council of Ministers was established in 1971. It submits proposals on cooperation between the governments of the five Nordic countries to the Nordic Council, implements the Council’s recommendations and reports on results, while directing the work carried out in the targeted areas. The Prime Minis- ters of the five Nordic countries assume overall responsibility for the cooperation measures, which are co-ordinated by the ministers for cooperation and the Nordic Cooperation committee. The composition of the Council of Ministers varies, depending on the nature of the issue to be treated. The Nordic Council was formed in 1952 to promote cooperation between the parliaments and governments of Den- mark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Finland joined in 1955. At the sessions held by the Coun- cil, representatives from the Faroe Islands and Greenland form part of the Danish delegation, while Åland is represented on the Finnish delegation. The Council consists of 87 elected mem- bers – all of whom are members of parliament. The Nordic Council takes initiatives, acts in a consultative capacity and monitors cooperation measures. The Council operates via its institu- tions: the Plenary Assembly, the Presidium and standing committees. Contents Contents ...................................................................................................................5 Foreword ..................................................................................................................7 Sammandrag.............................................................................................................9 Summary ................................................................................................................11 Abbreviations.........................................................................................................13 Units .......................................................................................................................16 1 Introduction...................................................................................................17 1.1 The Montreal Protocol .............................................................................17 1.1.1. The present requirements.............................................................17 1.1.2. Laboratory uses as a part of the exemption..................................18 1.2 The EC Regulation 2037/2000.................................................................19 1.3 National legislation in the Nordic Region ...............................................20 2 The situation in the Nordic Region..............................................................21 2.1 Legislation and Recommendations requiring the use of ozone depleting substances .......................................................................................................21 2.1.1. Legislation....................................................................................21 2.1.2. Recommendations........................................................................22 2.2 The questionnaire results .........................................................................22 2.3 Typical determination methods using ozone depleting substances .........25 2.3.1. Infrared spectrometric methods ...................................................25 2.3.2. Gravimetric methods....................................................................26 2.4 Methods probably used after 2002...........................................................27 2.5 Methods possibly used after 2005 ...........................................................28 3 Possible substitute methods for determination of TPH.............................30 3.1 General.....................................................................................................30 3.2 Summary..................................................................................................30 3.3 Determination of oil-in-water ..................................................................35 3.3.1. The ISO methods..........................................................................35 3.3.2. The Netherlands ...........................................................................40 3.3.3. The United Kingdom....................................................................41 3.3.4. The United States of America......................................................41 3.3.5. Other methods ..............................................................................44 3.4 Offshore ...................................................................................................46 3.4.1. Development of a new method ....................................................46 3.4.2. Norway.........................................................................................48 3.4.3. The United Kingdom....................................................................49 3.4.4. On-line monitoring.......................................................................50 3.4.5. Other monitored TPH parameters ................................................51 3.5 Soil ...........................................................................................................51 3.5.1. The ISO methods..........................................................................51 3.5.2. Nordtest........................................................................................53 3.5.3. The Netherlands ...........................................................................54 3.5.4. The United States of America......................................................54 3.5.5. Field .............................................................................................55 3.5.6. The Nordic countries....................................................................57 3.6 Sediment ..................................................................................................59 3.7 Waste........................................................................................................60 4 Possible substitute methods for other determinations and purposes.......61 4.1 General.....................................................................................................61 4.2 Determination of grease in wastewater....................................................65 4.3 Determination of TOC in water ...............................................................65 4.4 Determination of oil and hydrocarbons in air..........................................66 4.5 Testing of breathing filters.......................................................................66 4.6 Determination of oil, wax or paraffin traces on surfaces and determination of surface cleanliness........................................................66 4.7 Determination of phenol impurities.........................................................67 4.8 Determination of bromine index in oil or chemicals ...............................67 4.9 Determination of moisture and water content..........................................68 4.10 Environmental stress cracking of plastics .............................................69 4.11 Determination of iodine value...............................................................69 4.12 Determination of phthalates ..................................................................70 4.13 Determination of pregnanetriole............................................................70 4.14 Determination of flavors........................................................................70 4.15 Chromatographic separation of chlorophyll derivates ..........................70 4.16 Determination of oil in compressed air .................................................71 4.17 Determination of metals in groceries and seawater...............................71 4.18 Determination of coccidiostats..............................................................71 4.19 Determination of finishing materials and lubricants applied to synthetic fibres and determination of fibre treatment chemicals...........71 4.20 Determination of particle size and particle content...............................72 4.21 Determination of phenol in water..........................................................72 4.22 Determination of peroxide number