Butterfly Identification

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LIES OF LEE ERF COU TT NT U Y Zebra Heliconian B Florida State Butterfly Malachite (Heliconius charitonius) Queen (Siproeta stelenes) Wing Span: 3-3.25 inches (Danaus gilippus) Mangrove Buckeye Wing Span: 2.75 inches Host Plant: Corky Stem Passion Vine (Junonia evarete) Host Plant: Green Shrimp Plant Family: Brushfoots Wing Span: 3 inches Wing Span: 2 ½ inches Family: Brushfoots Host Plant: Milkweed Host Plant: Black Mangrove Family: Brushfoots Family: Brushfoots Soldier (Danaus eresimus) Wing span: 3.25 inches Viceroy Host Plant: White vine (Limenitis archippus) Family: Brushfoots Wing Span: 2.75 inches Red Admiral Host Plant: Willows (Vanessa atalanta) Family: Brushfoots Wing Span: 2 inches Host Plant: False Nettle Family: Brushfoots Monarch Giant Swallowtail (Danaus plexippus) (Papilio cresphontes) Wing Span: 4 inches Wing Span: 5 inches Host Plant: Milkweed Host Plant: Citrus Family: Brushfoots Family: Swallowtails Gulf Fritillary Ruddy Dagerwing (Agrauls vanillae) (Marpesia petreus) Wing Span: 2.75 inches Wing Span: 2.75 inches Host Plant: Passion Vine Host Plant: Strangler Fig Family: Brushfoots Julia Heliconian Family: Brushfoots (Dryas iulia) Wing Span: 3.25 inches Host Plant: Passion Vine White Peacock Family: Brushfoots (Anartia jatrophae) Wing Span: 2.25 inches Host Plant: Water Hyssop,frogfruit Family: Brushfoots Great Southern White (Ascia monuste) Polydamas Wing span: 2 inches Eastern Tiger Swallowtail (Battus polydamas ) Host Plant: Pepper Grass Wing Span: 3-4 inches (Papilio glaucus) Family; Whites and Sulphurs Wing Span: 4-5 inches Host Plant: Pipevines Host Plant: Sweet Bay Family: Swallowtails Family: Swallowtails Black Swallowtail Cloudles Sulphur (Papilio polyxenes) Wing Span: 3.25 inches (Phoebis sennae) Host Plant: Parsly, Dill and Fennel Wing span: 2.5 inches Family: Swallowtails Host Plant: Sennas Family: Whites and Sulphurs Orange Barred (Phoebis philea) Pipevine Swallowtail Wing span:3 inches (Battus philenor) Host Plant; Sennas Wing Span: 3.25 inches Family: Whites and Sulphurs Host Plant; Pipevine Family: Swallowtails Large Orange Sulphur Zebra Swallowtail (Ploebis agarithe) (Eurytides marcellus) Photos & Art Work Wing span: 2.5 inches Wing Span: 3.25 inches By Host Plant: Wild Tamarind Host Plant: Pawpaws Nick & Aline Bodven Family; Whites and Sulpurs Family: Swallowtails M.P.Lee co.1.01 11/2005.

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Lesson Plan Notes Is Recommended
Camouflage and Mimicry Grade 2 Life Systems Safety Adult supervision and assistance Lesson Plan Notes is recommended Description Students will gain an understanding of how animals use camouflage and mimicry as adaptations in their habitat. Materials ● White Paper ● Markers ● Butterfly template ● Scissors ● Tape Science Background Camouflage and mimicry are two ways that some animals have adapted. This means that over many years, these animals have changed in their development, or the way they grow over years and years, in order to suit their needs in their habitat. A habitat is where the animal lives. In the animal world, animals are basically classified in two categories, the predator and the prey. The predator is the hunter, an animal that eats other animals. This is an animal like a wolf, that hunts and eats other animals. The prey is the animal that is being hunted. A deer is the prey to a wolf, because a deer is hunted by and eaten by wolves. Since animals need to hunt and eat each other, they need a way in order to protect themselves. A very simple solution for many animals is to camouflage. Camouflage is being able to blend in with certain aspects in an environment. This could be down by patterns on skin or fur, colours, behavior, or movements. There are two main reasons why the animal may need to use camouflage. 1. Prey avoiding predator. The prey, or animal being hunted, needs to hide from the predator. The white-tailed deer is brown to blend in, or camouflage within its surroundings. It keeps it’s tail low, until it senses danger, and then flashes the bright white tail as a warning signal to other deer that there is danger.The flash of white is bright and obvious because it doesn’t camouflage with the deers surroundings as much.
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(Lepidoptera: Pieridae) Butterflies Are Palatable to Avian Predators
insects Article Evaluating an Alleged Mimic of the Monarch Butterfly: Neophasia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) Butterflies are Palatable to Avian Predators Dale A. Halbritter 1,2,* , Johnalyn M. Gordon 3, Kandy L. Keacher 4, Michael L. Avery 4,5 and Jaret C. Daniels 2,6 1 USDA-ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, 3225 College Ave, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA 2 Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Dr, Steinmetz Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; jdaniels@flmnh.ufl.edu 3 Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3205 College Ave, Davie, FL 33314, USA; johnalynmgordon@ufl.edu 4 Florida Field Station, USDA-APHIS National Wildlife Research Center, 2820 E University Ave, Gainesville, FL 32641, USA; [email protected] (K.L.K.); [email protected] (M.L.A.) 5 2906 NW 14th Pl., Gainesville, FL 32605, USA 6 McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, 3215 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA * Correspondence: dhalb001@ufl.edu or [email protected]; Tel.: +1-661-406-8932 Received: 28 September 2018; Accepted: 22 October 2018; Published: 29 October 2018 Abstract: Some taxa have adopted the strategy of mimicry to protect themselves from predation. Butterflies are some of the best representatives used to study mimicry, with the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) a well-known model. We are the first to empirically investigate a proposed mimic of the monarch butterfly: Neophasia terlooii, the Mexican pine white butterfly (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). We used captive birds to assess the palatability of N. terlooii and its sister species, N.
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Deceptive Coloration - Natureworks 01/04/20, 11:58 AM
Deceptive Coloration - NatureWorks 01/04/20, 11:58 AM Deceptive Coloration Deceptive coloration is when an organism's color Mimicry fools either its predators or its prey. There are two Some animals and plants look like other things -- types of deceptive coloration: camouflage and they mimic them. Mimicry is another type of mimicry. deceptive coloration. It can protect the mimic from Camouflage predators or hide the mimic from prey. If mimicry was a play, there would be three characters. The Model - the species or object that is copied. The Mimic - looks and acts like another species or object. The Dupe- the tricked predator or prey. The poisonous Camouflage helps an organism blend in with its coral snake surroundings. Camouflage can be colors or and the patterns or both. When organisms are harmless camouflaged, they are harder to find. This means king snake predators have to spend a longer time finding can look a them. That's a waste of energy! When a predator is lot alike. camouflaged, it makes it easier to sneak up on or Predators surprise its prey. will avoid Blending In: Stripes or Solids? the king snake because they think it is poisonous. This type There are of mimicry is called Batesian mimicry. In lots of Batesian mimicry a harmless species mimics a different toxic or dangerous species. examples of The viceroy butterfly and monarch butterfly were once thought to camouflage. Some colors and patterns help exhibit animals blend into areas with light and shadow. Batesian The tiger's stripes help it blend into tall grass. Its mimicry golden brown strips blend in with the grass and the where a dark brown and black stripes merge with darker harmless shadows.
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Viceroy Butterfly Limenitis Archippus
viceroy butterfly Limenitis archippus Kingdom: Animalia FEATURES Phylum: Arthropoda The viceroy butterfly has a wingspan of about two Class: Insecta and one-half to three and one-fourth inches. The Order: Lepidoptera upper side of its wings is orange or brown-orange with dark veins and a dark curving line on each Family: Nymphalida hindwing. The wings also have a single row of white ILLINOIS STATUS spots in the black border. The lower side of the wings is paler than the upper side. The viceroy is common, native similar in coloration to the monarch butterfly, but the monarch does not have the curved dark line on the hindwing and does have two rows of white spots in the dark border. The viceroy adult contains bitter- tasting chemicals (salicylic acid) that the larvae absorb from the willow trees that they feed on. They are often spared from predation because predators do not care for the bad taste and learn to avoid them. The monarch may or may not contain bitter- tasting chemicals from the milkweeds eaten by its larvae and can gain some protection by looking like a viceroy. The viceroy caterpillar is olive-green with a white spot on the back, white sides and a few black spots. It has projections that resemble antennae on the second segment of the thorax. BEHAVIORS The viceroy may be found statewide in Illinois, usually along the edges of water bodies and in ILLINOIS RANGE swampy areas. It flies from April through October with two to three broods produced per year. The larvae eat leaves of various willow species.
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Causes and Consequences of a Lack of Coevolution in Muèllerian Mimicry
Evolutionary Ecology 13: 777±806, 1999. Ó 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Causes and consequences of a lack of coevolution in MuÈ llerian mimicry JAMES MALLET Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, England (http://abacus.gene.uel.ac.uk/jim/) Received 9 June 2000; accepted 27 November 2000 Co-ordinating editor: C. Rowe We are rarely able in such investigations to arrive at entirely satisfactory conclusions owing to lack of adequate material and data, and I fear the present eort is no exception. The results may, however, serve to indicate the directions in which future workers ¼ may hope to obtain more de®nite results (Eltringham, 1916). Abstract. MuÈ llerian mimicry, in which both partners are unpalatable to predators, is often used as an example of a coevolved mutualism. However, it is theoretically possible that some MuÈ llerian mimics are parasitic if a weakly defended mimic bene®ts at the expense of a more highly defended model, a phenomenon known as `quasi-Batesian mimicry'. The theory expounded by MuÈ ller and extended here for unequal unpalatability, on the other hand, suggests that quasi-Batesian mimicry should be rare in comparison with classical, or mutualistic MuÈ llerian mimicry. Evolutionarily, quasi-Batesian mimicry has consequences similar to classical Batesian mimicry, including unilateral `advergence' of the mimic to the model, and diversifying frequency-dependent selection on the mimic which may lead to mimetic polymorphism. In this paper, theory and empirical evidence for mutual bene®t and coevolution in MuÈ llerian mimicry are reviewed.
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Danaus Gilippus (Queen Butterfly)
UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology Danaus gilippus (Queen Butterfly) Order: Lepidoptera (Butterflies and Moths) Class: Insecta (Insects) Phylum: Arthropoda (Arthropods Fig. 1. Queen butterfly, Danaus gilippus. [http://butterfliesofamerica.com/danaus_gilippus_berenice_live1.htm, downloaded 2 April 2015] TRAITS. The queen butterfly (Danaus gilippus) is a smaller version of its relative the monarch butterfly (Fig. 1). The dark brown forewings are long and pointed at the apex in comparison to the hind wings which are smaller and well rounded. They have white borders with black veins. The light spots appear brighter and are patterned differently on the forewings. The wingspan averages 75mm. The caterpillar has a hairless cylindrical body with dark stripes (Fig. 2) (Brower, 1958). DISTRIBUTION. This butterfly has a geographical range from the tropics to temperate areas of Central and South America, North America and certain parts of Asia and Africa (Ritland, 1991b). Although ranging from Brazil all the way to the USA, the queen butterfly does not make UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology dramatic migrations like the monarch, but during dry seasons they will migrate from lowlands to high elevations (McLaughlin and Myers, 1970). HABITAT AND ACTIVITY. In the tropics, the queen uses open land, fields, meadows and occasional marshes. In the southern USA, it uses deserts (Moranz and Brower, 1998). Danaus gilippus is a diurnal species and flutters around dry and hot areas of low herbaceous vegetation. Low foliage areas are used as shelter by the queen during heavy showers but can be active again when the downpour subsides or during light rain showers.
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Fluttering Beauty Jonathan Jeffrey Western Kentucky University, [email protected]
Western Kentucky University TopSCHOLAR® DLSC Faculty Publications Library Special Collections 11-2013 Fluttering Beauty Jonathan Jeffrey Western Kentucky University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/dlsc_fac_pub Part of the American Politics Commons, Biology Commons, Entomology Commons, and the Transportation Commons Recommended Repository Citation Jeffrey, Jonathan. (2013). Fluttering Beauty. Kentucky Explorer, 28 (6), 22-23. Available at: http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/dlsc_fac_pub/36 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in DLSC Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Appeared in Kentucky Explorer , vol. 28, no. 6 (November 2013): 22-23. Fluttering Beauty by Jonathan Jeffrey Happiness is as a butterfly, Which when pursued is always beyond our grasp, But which if you will sit down quietly, May alight upon you. Nathaniel Hawthorne Many Kentuckians purchase license plates that sport a colorful butterfly, but few can probably identify the fluttering beauty as one of the Commonwealth’s state symbols, the Viceroy (Limenitis archippus) butterfly. And even fewer would know that two Warren County women led the effort to obtain that designation from the Kentucky General Assembly. In 1987 State Garden Club of Kentucky (GCK) president and Warren County resident, Jo Jean Scott, asked a fellow Warren Countian, Lillian Pace, to serve as the organization’s “Chairman of Conservation and Preservation of Butterflies” knowing that the fluttering creatures held “a special place” in Pace’s heart. Within a year, Scott asked Pace for a nomination of a butterfly for the state insect to present for approval at GCK’s October board meeting.
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Arthropods Our Creepy Crawly Friends Arthropods Or Creepy Crawlies
Arthropods Our Creepy Crawly Friends Arthropods or Creepy Crawlies • Arthropods include insects like ants and bees, arachnids like spiders, myriapods like centipedes, and crustaceans like pill bugs. • Tap your forehead, elbow, knee. Can you feel the had bone under your soft skin? Those bones are part of our skeletons that give structure to our bodies. Our skeletons are inside our skin. Arthropods have (big word alert!) exoskeletons; that means that their skeletons (hard structures) are outside their bodies like a suit of armor. Their exoskeletons are made of a cellulose like material, chitin, and minerals. They also have bodies in segments (parts) and jointed (like our knee or shoulder) legs. There are appendages (like our legs and arms) or body parts, attached to the segments. Arthropods • Exoskeleton=skeleton outside so they moult to grow, • no backbone, • jointed legs, • segments=body divided, • appendages=parts attached, • cuticle made from chitin. • There are four kids of arthropods ( segmented body, exoskeleton, segmented legs) • Arachnids—8 legs, chelicerae (used for eating), 8 eyes, pedipalps (used for bringing food to the mouth), 7 segments in legs, 2 body parts (cephalothorax =combined head and thorax, and abdomen) • Insects—6 legs, some wings, antennae, 6 eyes, 3 body parts (head, thorax, abdomen) • Crustaceans—woodlice—long segmented body and segmented legs—some crustaceans have claws and antennules (small antennae). • Myriapods—long segmented bodies and many legs. Here’s a Big Brain concept. Some arthropods use mimicry to protect themselves. With Batesian mimicry a harmless species that tastes good to a predator, mimics the appearance of a harmful creature that tastes bad or is poisonous .
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Common Butterflies of the Chicago Region
version 2 Common Butterflies of the Chicago Region 1 The Field Museum, Illinois Butterfly Monitoring Network and Chicago Wilderness Note: The black scale bar represents 2 cm in all photos. Dorsal View Ventral View Resting View GIANT SWALLOWTAILS: Giant swallowtail is a large butterfly with dark wings above with two yellow crossing stripes, below pale yellow. Host Plants: prickly ash (Xanthoxylum) and hoptree (Ptelea). FMNHINS 124003 Papilionidae: Papilioninae: Papilionini Papilio cresphontes Cramer, 1777 EASTERN TIGER SWALLOWTAIL: As compared to the Black Swallowtail, no inner line of yellow dots. Lots of blue on hindwing, up into center of hind wing. No inner row of orange dots. Host Plants: Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) and Tulip Tree (Liriodendron tulipifera). FMNHINS 124000 Papilionidae: Papilioninae: Papilionini Papilio glaucus Linnaeus, 1758 EASTERN TIGER SWALLOWTAIL female dark form: Tiger stripes often still visible on female dark form. FMNHINS 124001 Papilionidae: Papilioninae: Papilionini Papilio glaucus Linnaeus, 1758 BLACK SWALLOWTAIL: In addition to outer line of yellow dots, male has a strong inner line, and blue may be almost absent. Female with much weaker inner line of yellow with separate spot near tip of wing. Some blue on hind-wing, but does not extend up into hindwing above row of faint spots. Host Plants: Parsley Family (Apiaceae). FMNHINS 124005 Papilionidae: Papilioninae: Papilionini Papilio polyxenes Fabricius, 1775 SPICEBRUSH SWALLOWTAIL: With half-moon shaped blue marks on the hindwings and cream-blue edge spots. Host Plants: Spicebush (Lindera) and Sassafras. FMNHINS 124006 Papilionidae: Papilioninae: Papilionini Papilio troilus Linnaeus, 1758 IL 60605 USA. Museum, Chicago, Boone Field ©The Jim and Cassie Kelsey by Produced Taron.
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Insect and Arthropod List
Insect and Arthropod List Youth involved in Mississippi State University’s Bug and Plant Camp (http://www.entomology.msstate.edu/bugcamp/index.asp) collected and identified insects and other arthropods from the Sam D. Hamilton Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge June 15-19, 2014. Refuge collection sites included: Douglass Bluff Road, Dr. Ray Watson Trail, the terminus of Keaton Tower Road, and around the pavilion near the refuge’s work center. Off-refuge sites include: MSU’s Entomology Building***, Layton’s Farm**, and MacGowan’s Farm*. Data compiled by MSU biology student, Breanna Lyle. Blattodea Hemiptera Neuroptera American Cockroach (1)*** Cicada (1) Dobsonflies (5) German Cockroach (2)*** Leaffooted Bug (3) Mantisfly (1) Wood Roach (3) Leafhopper (9) Owlfly (1) Spittlebug (7) Coleoptera Stinkbug (2) Odonata Bess Beetle (4) Water Scorpion (4) Damselflies (3) Blister Beetle (1) Dragonflies (25) (approx. 15 spp.) Click Beetle (9) Hymenoptera Clown Beetle (5) Blue Mud Orthoptera Diving Beetle (3) Bumblebees (2) Camel Cricket (16) Dogbane Beetle (8)* Carpenter Ants (3) Field Cricket (3) Eyed Elater (2) Carpenter Bees (5) Grasshopper (20)** Fiery Searcher (1) Dauber (2) Longhorn Grasshopper (1) Glowworm (20)* Honeybees (9)*** Grapevine Beetle (10) Ichneumon Wasps (3) Phasmida Ground Beetle (4) Paper Wasps (4) Walking Stick (18) (all found on beauty berry) Ladybug (1) Velvet Ant (2) Longhorn Beetles (4) Plecoptera Milkweed Beetle (6) Isoptera Stoneflies (6) Rose Chafer (4) Termite Rove Beetle (2) Stag Beetle (2) Lepidoptera Other Arthropods:
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Common Butterflies and Moths (Order Lepidoptera) in the Wichita Mountains and Surrounding Areas
Common Butterflies and Moths (Order Lepidoptera) in the Wichita Mountains and Surrounding Areas Angel Chiri Less than 2% of known species in the U.S. have Entomologist approved common names. Relying on only common names for individual species may lead Introduction to confusion, since more than one common name may exist for the same species, or the With over 11,000 species described in the U.S. same name may be used for more than one and Canada, butterflies and moths are among the species. Using the scientific name, which is the most common and familiar insects. With few same in any language or region, eliminates this exceptions, the adults have two pairs of wings problem. Furthermore, only scientific names are covered with minute and easily dislodgeable used in the scientific literature. Common names scales. The mouthparts consist of a long, are not capitalized. flexible, and coiled proboscis that is used to absorb nectar. Butterflies and skippers are All photos in this guide were taken by the author diurnal, while most moths are nocturnal. using a Canon PowerShot SX110 IS camera. The Lepidoptera undergo a full metamorphosis. Family Pieridae (sulfurs and whites) The larva has a well developed head, with opposable mandibles designed for chewing and Pierids are common, mostly medium-sized, six simple eyes arranged in a semicircle, on each yellowish or white butterflies. The cloudless side of the head. The first three segments (the sulphur, Phoebis sennae has greenish-yellow or thorax) each bears a pair of segmented legs that lemon yellow wings with a spot resembling a end in a single claw.
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EVOLUTION of DIVERSITY in WARNING COLOR and MIMICRY: Polymorphisms, Shifting Balance, and Speciation
P1: FNE/fgp P2: FhN/fgo QC: FhN/uks T1: FhN September 17, 1999 17:19 Annual Reviews AR093-08 Annu.Rev.Ecol.Syst.1999 .30:201–33 Copyright c 1999 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved EVOLUTION OF DIVERSITY IN WARNING COLOR AND MIMICRY: Polymorphisms, Shifting Balance, and Speciation James Mallet1 and Mathieu Joron2 1GaltonLaboratory,4StephensonWay,LondonNW12HE,England; e-mail:http://abacus.gene.ucl.ac.uk/jim/;and2Ge´ netiqu´ eet Environnement, CC065 ISEM, Universite´ de Montpellier 2, Place Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier,cedex5,France Key Words aposematism, Batesian mimicry, Müllerianmimicry, defensive coloration, predator behavior ■ Abstract Mimicry and warning color are highly paradoxical adaptations. Color patterns in both Müllerianand Batesian mimicry are often determined by relatively few pattern-regulating loci with major effects. Many of these loci are “supergenes,” consisting of multiple, tightly linked epistatic elements. On the one hand, strong pu- rifying selection on these genes must explain accurate resemblance (a reduction of morphological diversity between species), as well as monomorphic color patterns within species. On the other hand, mimicry has diversified at every taxonomic level; warning color has evolved from cryptic patterns, and there are mimetic polymor- phisms within species, multiple color patterns in different geographic races of the same species, mimetic differences between sister species, and multiple mimicry rings within local communities. These contrasting patterns can be explained, in part, by the shape of a “number-dependent” selection function first modeled by Fritz Müller in 1879: Purifying selection against any warning-colored morph is very strong when that morph is rare, but becomes weak in a broad basin of intermediate frequencies, allowing opportunities for polymorphisms and genetic drift.
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