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Child Marriages: a Major Threat to Security, Life, Health and Human Rights of the Girl Child

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Child Marriages: a Major Threat to Security, Life, Health and Human Rights of the Girl Child Acta Scientific Women's Health Volume 1 Issue 6 November 2019 Review Article Child Marriages: A Major Threat to Security, Life, Health and Human Rights of the Girl Child Yunis Khushi* Social Scientist, Lahore Garrison University, Pakistan *Corresponding Author: Yunis Khushi, Social Scientist, Lahore Garrison University, Pakistan. Received: October 16, 2019; Published: October 24, 2019 Abstract Child marriages are prevalent in many parts of the world, but this paper focuses on situation of child marriages in India and Pakistan. Child marriages are a major threat to the security, wellbeing, health and human rights of the girl child and should not be seen in a vacuum. The contextual realities have to be taken into consideration. The culture, religions, literacy level, quality of educa- tion, moral education, situation of human rights, value system, status of women and their rights, political culture, educational and economic conditions of women, role of governments and political parties, and social conditions play a very dominating and strong role in promoting or controlling child marriages. Especially women do not have any rights and women are considered a property and something owned by man whose sole role is to please man even at the cost of their life. The innocent childhood wherein the children are supposed to play with dolls is snatched and taken away from the children who are married off in their childhood. Many girls die due to premature pregnancy and delivery in their minor age. The children are denied the right to education, right to enjoy marriages are having extremely negative and dangerous implications on the future of the children and overall social development their childhood, right to choose their favourite jobs, right to find their own life partners and to decide the size of their family. Child societies to end child marriages. of entire societies. The governments must allocate sufficient resources for the education of children and promote awareness among Keywords: Child Marriages; Human Rights; Girl Child Introduction Findings and analysis - - tom of child marriages is still going on in many parts of Asia and tinuation of this custom which is a sheer human rights violation of The very inhuman, uncivilized, uncultured and barbarian cus What are the cultural factors that cause and support the con Africa and perhaps in some other parts of the world as well. The many children? sad part is that religions and cultures are being used to support the Cultural realities continuation of this beastly custom. Status of girls/women in feudal/tribal society The child marriages cannot be seen and should not be seen in This paper will only focus on child marriages in India and Paki- a vacuum and should be seen in cultural context, status of women in a certain culture, combination of culture and religion, level of lit- are the cultural factors that cause and support the continuation of stan. The issues that this paper will try to find answers to are: What eracy and kind of course content taught in schools and the overall this custom which is a sheer human rights violation of many chil- situation of human rights in a society. Therefore, to understand the issue of child marriages fully, we will have to fully understand the - dren? What are the religious factors that support this custom? What Asian Cultures. litical governments, which claim to be democratic and champions are the social factors that cause and support this custom? Why po of human rights fail to stop this custom? Citation: Yunis Khushi. “Child Marriages: A Major Threat to Security, Life, Health and Human Rights of the Girl Child”. Acta Scientific Women's Health 1.6 (2019): 38-45. Child Marriages: A Major Threat to Security, Life, Health and Human Rights of the Girl Child 39 Pakistan and India are predominantly tribal and feudal soci- taboo and many girls are killed for having friendship with boys or eties and tribal and feudal values dominate the mindset of every going for a love marriage. member of these societies. This mindset could be a little softer in mega cities and particularly in educated families where education In most cases brides and bridegrooms are not even allowed to has changed the tribal and feudal mentality a bit, but that does not mean that women in educated sectors of South Asia have begun to they encounter each other is on their wedding night. see their life partners to bee before their wedding. The first time enjoy full human rights and have been given powers to make the decisions of their lives. But things are changing in mega cities and especially among educated families. But again the arrival of education in the family This is very unfortunate that girls and women do not enjoy a does not mean the all the educated families give freedom to their status of being humans in these societies. The girls and women are girls and boys of selecting up their life partners. like properties of men just like land, cattle and other belongings of The concepts of Ghairat and Mardangi the house. - our) and mardangi (manhood or manliness) create problems and In tribal and feudal societies, women are things owned by men Woman is honour of the family. The concepts of Ghairat (Hon are immensely misused. The woman/girls of the family are ghairat of the family and in many cases they are also owned by the tribal or honour of the men of the family and they are supposed to protect head, feudal lord or Pir (Pir is a religious man and holds a con- their ghairat, which means they have to keep their women hidden trol on spirits or the ghosts, or evil spirits. He has the reputation from men of society, they must protect their honour even at the of casting away evil spirits from people and also does the spiritual cost of lives of their women or at the cost of any human life so far healing. Nobody can dare to challenge his powers or authority. Of- ten girls whose marriages are delayed suffer from hysteria and the honour. The demands strict behaviour and tight control over their uneducated and backward families think that their daughter or so that they are supposed to sacrifice their lives to protect their family women. sister is possessed by some evil spirit or demon. The girl is taken to the Pir, who rapes the woman/girl and family thinks that the Ghairat is honour and mardangi is manliness of a man. The man demon has been cast away by the Pir. This practice is very common with ghairat is the one who protects his family women from the in many parts of India and Pakistan). eyes of men around his house because the women of the family are honour of the family and this honour must be protected at any cost As it has been mentioned above that the women are just like even if the whole locality has to be butchered. Human life has no a property owned by men so they do not have any right to make value is tribal and feudal Asian culture. That is why killing the girl any decision about themselves and their lives. They cannot decide who gets into a love affair with a boy against the will of the family about their education and will go to school, college, university or or goes for a court marriage/love marriage could be killed along some vocational institute only if the family allows her to do so. with the boy. They do not have the right to make any decision to take up a Ideal man in Asian culture job of her own choice and this decision depends on the family. Al- The Asian culture demands that the ideal man should be full of mardangi (manhood) which means that he should be short- families have been forced to get their daughters educated and en- though due to some awareness, poverty and inflation many poor courage them to take up jobs especially as teachers. Thus the girls and keeps a strong control over his family women. The one who tempered, aggressive, and always ready to fight and kill others with their education and jobs are taking their families out of pov- erty. peaceful ways is considered a coward man and womanish. The one controls his anger, avoids fights and tries to resolve issues through who gives respect to the opinions of his family women and involves The Asian girls/women do not have the right to choose their them in decision making about family issues is considered run mu- own life partner. In most of South Asia, having a love affair is still a reed (servant to his wife). Citation: Yunis Khushi. “Child Marriages: A Major Threat to Security, Life, Health and Human Rights of the Girl Child”. Acta Scientific Women's Health 1.6 (2019): 38-45. Child Marriages: A Major Threat to Security, Life, Health and Human Rights of the Girl Child 40 Ideal woman in Asian culture Originally the use of this custom was very limited and only men The ideal woman/girl in Asian culture is the one who is like and women who had illicit sexual relations were killed by their a cow and goat, who does not open her mouth for her rights and families. Later it began being misused and tribes and families killed obeys every order from father, brothers and then after marriage one of their women and declared that their so and so woman had - illicit sexual relations with so and so man of the so and so tribe/ es her voice for her rights or the rights of other family members is family, and they have killed their woman and now they will kill this from her husband and in-laws with her gaze low.
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