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Economic Assessment of Rock Climbing at the Grampians National Park and Mount Arapiles Hywel Rowlands Msc I.Eng AMICE January 20

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Economic Assessment of Rock Climbing at the Grampians National Park and Mount Arapiles Hywel Rowlands Msc I.Eng AMICE January 20 Economic Assessment of Rock Climbing at the Grampians National Park and Mount Arapiles Hywel Rowlands MSc I.Eng AMICE January 2021 Author Note The assessment was undertaken on behalf of the Victorian Climbing Club (VCC). The VCC would like to thank all who provided information through the climber survey and through interviews. A particular thank you to Goshen Watts for the inclusion of economic questions in the climber survey, Simon Dale from theCrag who provided historical climbing logging data and James McIntosh for his rigorous peer review. Economic Assessment of Rock Climbing at the Grampians and Mount Arapiles 2 Abstract The economic value of rock climbing is increasingly recognised internationally and in Victoria reduced access may result in the loss of millions of dollars to regional communities. This paper estimates the economic benefit of rock climbing at two prominent Australian rock climbing destinations in Victoria, Australia. It is estimated that in 2018 there were 51,452 and 49,145 climbing person days at Mount Arapiles (Dyurrite) and the Grampians (Gariwerd) respectively. In the short term there has been an estimated 36% decline in climbing person days in the Grampians in 2019 whilst there has been an increase in climbing at Mount Arapiles. The estimated direct and indirect rock climbing tourism benefits to regional communities in 2018 are $12.3 million for Mount Arapiles and $11.9 million for the Grampians. Climbing access changes may also impact the Victorian employment sector with an estimated 290 individuals seriously considering a move, moving, or having moved. The IT and professional sectors may be impacted the most across Victoria, however changes may be more greatly felt in regional areas in the health, business and education sectors. 43% of respondents indicating that they or someone they knew had been affected by mental health issues relating to the climbing prohibitions. Mental health has a substantial impact at the personal, social and economic levels which are not estimated in this paper. Keywords: Rock Climbing; Economic Benefits; Tourism; Regional Labor; Arapiles; Grampians; Gariwerd; Dyurrite. Author: Hywel Rowlands is an experienced transport and land use strategist and researcher. His international experience includes the collection and collation of city and regional wide data as a logistical foundation in shaping cities and managing the way we travel. Economic Assessment of Rock Climbing at the Grampians and Mount Arapiles 3 Understanding the economic benefits of rock climbing to regional Victoria provides an opportunity to advocate for access and conservation in areas that are greatly valued by the climbing community. Prior to the development of this paper only anecdotal evidence existed in terms of the economic benefits of rock climbing in regional Australian communities. In other countries and in particular the USA, communities near climbing areas are becoming acutely aware of the positive impact that climbing is having on regional economies. For example, in New River Gorge West Virginia climber benefits amount to US$12.1 million annually (Maples et al 2018) and in Nantahala-Pisgah West Carolina the annual benefits are US$14 million (Maples & Bradley 2017). Further to the economic benefits there are the physical and mental health benefits that are increasingly recognised including the use of climbing in helping to treat depression, stress, anxiety and trauma, (Lambert 2017). Mental health has a substantial impact at the personal, social and economic levels (Australian Government 2009). Climbing, once a fringe sport, is increasing in popularity and climbing demographics have undeniably changed as a result. Climbers in Australia are largely professional and skilled members of the economy with a very high frequency of visitation to regional areas of Victoria. The most important stated aspects of outdoor climbing enjoyed by survey respondents are spending time in nature and the physical and mental challenge of climbing. This paper estimates rock climbing visitations at Mount Arapiles (Dyurrite) and in the Grampians (Gariwerd) in western Victoria with a focus on 2018 prior to rock climbing prohibitions and COVID19. Thereafter the paper estimates direct and indirect benefits and examines the potential economic implications of changes in climbing access. Economic Assessment of Rock Climbing at the Grampians and Mount Arapiles 4 Methodology The core approach of the study is to utilise historical climbing data that has been logged on theCrag website and thereafter factor this data with a sample gathered through the inclusion of questions in a recent climber survey to estimate the number of climbing person days per year. The online questionnaire survey also gathered information that would deduce an average spend per climbing day. Combined, these provide an estimate of direct economic benefits to communities surrounding Mount Arapiles and the Grampians. Indirect economic benefits are estimated through extrapolating available secondary economic tourism data available in the region. theCrag web site is a collaborative open resource that allows climbers to record their climbing activity and input new or historical routes into the database. theCrag has provided data on the number of unique individuals using the database each year and the number of logged person climbing days per year in the Grampians and at Mount Arapiles for the purpose of this economic assessment. Questionnaire Survey The online climber questionnaire survey which took place in December 2020/January 2021 provided information on a representative sample of rock climbers. The survey was closed on the 8th January 2021. The survey permitted the capture of data on origin, spend, climbing activity and the perceptions of climbers with regard to climbing prohibitions implemented in the Grampians and at Mount Arapiles. This paper focuses on data captured in the questionnaire survey that has an economic implication. Economic Assessment of Rock Climbing at the Grampians and Mount Arapiles 5 Data Cleaning All data was screened for any oddities such as unrealistic spending or duplicate responses. 5 responses were rejected in total. Some responses did not respond to all questions. Excluded responses: • Respondents that only completed the initial 6 questions were removed from the data. • Respondents that represented the spend of a large organised group were removed. Statistical Sample In 2018 and 2019, there were approximately 1000 unique climbers a year who logged their climbing days in Victoria on theCrag. The questionnaire survey indicated that only 43.6 % of respondents logged their activity on theCrag. This suggests that there were around 2,300 individuals climbing outdoors in Victoria in 2018 and 2019 whether they were from overseas, interstate or Victorian. This provides our best estimate of the active outdoor climbing community in Victoria prior to COVID19. Using a 95% confidence level at a confidence interval of 5%, 329 surveys completed by outdoor climbers were required for a statistical sample. Over 500 questionnaires were received and 496 were suitable for analysis with 473 of the sample indicating that they climbed outdoors often. Economic Assessment of Rock Climbing at the Grampians and Mount Arapiles 6 Climbing Visitations The number of climbing days per person per year for 2018 represents climbing activity for the year prior to climbing prohibitions in The Grampians and at Mount Arapiles, and prior to COVID19 lockdowns. The foundation to this estimate is data from theCrag for 2018, however not all climbers log their climbing ascents and days. Furthermore, a number of pilot interview surveys identified that logging behaviour amongst climbers varies notably in terms of the date accuracy (e.g. climbing over a weekend is logged on a single date) and the proportion of climbing days logged. Factors were required to take account of the logging behaviour and to take account of climbers that did not use theCrag. Base Climbing Person Days Per Year Days of climbing logged on theCrag in 2018 at The Grampians and at Mount Arapiles are 3069 and 3019 climbing days respectively. The questionnaire survey asked three questions: • Do you log your climbing activity on theCrag.com? • How particular are you about logging the correct ascent dates? • What proportion (percentage) of your days climbing do you log? The initial question provides the study with the proportion of people who are not represented in the figures on theCrag and the base figures can be factored accordingly. With 43.6% of respondents logging their climbing, a factor of 2.3 estimates the outdoor climbing population. Economic Assessment of Rock Climbing at the Grampians and Mount Arapiles 7 The second question relates to logging behaviour, whether those that logged their climbing day logged accurately to each day or grouped these climbing achievements over multiple days on a single day when the climbing is logged. The resulting factor is 2.3 aggregated from 3 possible responses, that a proportion of climbers log accurately (49%), a proportion would log a weekend of climbing on a single date (30%), and a proportion are not particular about when they log their climbing days (21%). The final question relates to the proportion of climbing days that are logged. Some climbers do not habitually log all their climbing days, or forget to log, or only log new climbs and not repeats. The mean percentage value in each response range was used and weighted by the number of responses to achieve a representative aggregate factor. The resulting factor for this logging behaviour is almost 2.7. The factors are accumulative, accordingly 2.3x2.3x2.7 resulting in an overall factor of 14.1 (note there is a rounding error). The factor of 14.1 is applied to theCrag data to estimate the number of person climbing days per year. The results are illustrated in the table below for years 2015 to 2019 and these represent the base person climbing days per year. A 36% decline in climbing in the Grampians is noted based on theCrag data in 2019 whilst there is an increase in climbing at Mount Arapiles.
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