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Michael As a Modern Tragic Hero of Wordsworth’S “Michael”: an Application of the Theory of Modern Tragedy

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Michael As a Modern Tragic Hero of Wordsworth’S “Michael”: an Application of the Theory of Modern Tragedy PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI MICHAEL AS A MODERN TRAGIC HERO OF WORDSWORTH’S “MICHAEL”: AN APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF MODERN TRAGEDY AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By COSMAS ANDY IRIANTO BROTO Student Number: 034214049 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2008 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI MICHAEL AS A MODERN TRAGIC HERO OF WORDSWORTH’S “MICHAEL”: AN APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF MODERN TRAGEDY AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By COSMAS ANDY IRIANTO BROTO Student Number: 034214049 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2008 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI EX ME IPSA RENATA SUM (From Myself I Reborn) iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI This undergraduate thesis is dedicated to The One and Only Lord in the Kingdom of Heaven My beloved late father My beloved mother My dearest little brother and sister My dearest late little sister v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Praise to God, finally I finished my thesis. I would like to thank Jesus Christ for blessing me all my life and for guiding me in writing my undergraduate thesis. I would like to thank Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka M. Hum, my advisor, especially for his guidance, big patience, suggestions and flexible time during the writing of my thesis. I also thank M. Luluk Artika W., S.S., my co-advisor, for reading my undergraduate thesis and giving me suggestions in order to make it better and Dewi Widyastuti, S.Pd., M.Hum as my great examiner. And I also thank all my lecturers for their guidance and their time to share their knowledge during the years of my study, and all staffs of English Letters Department, Sanata Dharma University library for all the help. My deepest gratitude also goes to my beloved family for supporting me in everything. I also would like to express my thanks to all of 2003 friends for accompanying and supporting me during my study. It is nice to be your friend. I dedicate special thanks to Michaella, Lintang, Mariae Bee, Lala, Nita, Tio, and “Adhi Djajan” for their special support. Last but not least, my thank goes to friends in WEDHUZ GOMBLOH Boarding House for giving me happiness and helping me in the writing process of my undergraduate thesis. Cosmas Andy Irianto Broto vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………… i APPROVAL PAGE …………………………………………………….... ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE …………………………………………………... iii MOTTO PAGE……………………………………………………………… iv DEDICATION PAGE..................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEGEMENTS …………………………………………………. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………. vii ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………….. ix ABSTRAK ………………………………………………………………… x CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION…………………………………………… 1 A. Background of the Study …………………………..……………… 1 B. Problem Formulation ……………………………………………… 4 C. Objectives of the Study ……………………………………………. 4 D. Definition of Terms…………………………………………………5 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW………………………………… 7 A. Review of Related Studies………………………………………… 7 B. Review on Related Theories………………………………………. 9 1. Theory of Character and Characterization……………………. 9 2. Theories of Modern Tragedy………………………………....... 12 3. Theories of Modern Tragic Hero………………………...……. 14 C. Theoretical Framework……………………………………………. 16 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ………………………………………... 17 A. Object of the Study………………………………………………… 17 B. Approach of the Study……………………………………………... 18 C. Method of the Study……………………………………………….. 19 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ………..………………………………………... 21 A. The Description of the Main Character of the Poem “Michael”……21 B. The Contribution of the Other Characters in Developing the Main Character’s Tragedy ……………………………………………….. 25 1. Isabel…………………………………………………………… 25 2. Luke……………………………………………………………. 27 3. Richard Bateman………………………………………………. 29 C. Michael as the Modern Tragic Hero……………………………….. 30 1. A Common Man ………………………………………………..30 2. Ready to Lay Down his Life to Secure his Sense of Personal Dignity ………………………………………………………….32 3. Accepting the Consequence of his Total Compulsion to Evaluate Himself Justly…………………………………………36 4. Having Fear for Being Displaced ………………………………39 5. Acting against the Scheme of Things Degrading him.………….40 vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 6. Having a Tragic Flaw………………………………………... 45 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION……………………………………………. 50 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………….. 53 APPENDICES………………………………………………………………. 55 A. Explication of “Michael”...…………………………………..... 55 B. The Poem of “Michael”……………………………………….. 58 viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT COSMAS ANDY IRIANTO BROTO. Michael as the Tragic Hero of Wordsworth’s “Michael”: An Application of the Theory of Modern Tragedy. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2008. The kind of tragic hero always follows the tragedy which is experienced by the hero. Tragic hero appears in Greek tragedy, Shakespearean tragedy, or Modern tragedy. Tragedy is affected by the background of social status, environment, economy, even the era. Related to the statement above, this analysis will focus on a character inside the poem who becomes modern tragic hero. This character experiences tragedy which is included as modern tragedy and is influenced by the near environment, family members, economical background, and also the unrealized one by one mistake all the time. The objectives of this study are to answer three main problems. First, this study tries to describe and analyze the main character, the main character of the poem. Second, this study tries to find and describe the influence from the other characters in developing Michael’s tragedy. This is also done to differentiate who the real tragic hero is. Third, this study tries to find how Michael fits the modern tragic hero. This study applies the structuralism approach because it analyzes Michael’s tragedy aspects from inside or outside the poem to reveal the tragic hero of the story of the poem. This approach is used to analyze form, structure, content, element, and the outside things of the literary work. This study applies library research as the method of the study in order to collect information and analyze the problem. The result of the analysis shows that Michael is only an old shepherd with many amazing skills. Isabel, Luke, and Richard Bateman become the ‘agent’ to fulfill Michael’s hope and the ‘agent’ of Michael’s tragedy. Michael fits the modern tragic hero categories based on the theory of Arthur Miller. First, he is only an ordinary shepherd and does not have any nobleman blood relation. Second, he is ready to lay down his life to secure his sense of personal dignity. Third, he has the consequence of his total compulsion to evaluate himself justly. Fourth, he has the fear of being displaced. Fifth, he acts against the scheme of things degrading him. Finally, he has a tragic flaw because of his unrealized mistake. ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK COSMAS ANDY IRIANTO BROTO. Michael as the Tragic Hero of Wordsworth’s “Michael”: An Application of the Theory of Modern Tragedy. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2008. Jenis pahlawan tragis selalu mengikuti tragedi yang dialami pahlawannya. Tragedi dapat dipengaruhi dari latar belakang status sosial, lingkungan, ekonomi, ataupun zamannya. Pahlawan tragis muncul baik itu dalam tragedi Yunani, tragedi Shakespear, ataupun pada tragedi moderen. Berkaitan dengan pernyataan di atas, analisa ini akan dititik beratkan pada seorang tokoh cerita dalam sebuah puisi yang menjadi seorang pahlawan tragis moderen. Tokoh ini mengalami tragedi yang dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan sekitarnya, anggota keluarga, latar belakang ekonomi, dan juga kesalahan-kesalahan yang tidak disadarinya dibuat satu demi satu seiring dengan berjalannya waktu. Tujuan-tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menjawab tiga permasalahan utama. Pertama, studi ini mencoba untuk menggambarkan dan menganalisa Michael, tokoh utama dalam puisi. Kedua, studi ini mencoba menggambarkan dan menemukan pengaruh dari karakter-karakter lain dalam membentuk tragedi Michael. Hal ini juga dilakukan untuk membedakan siapa yang sebenarnya menjadi pahlawan tragis. Ketiga, studi ini mencoba untuk menemukan bagaimana Michael memenuhi kriteria sebagai pahlawan tagis pada tagedi moderen. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan strukturalisme karena menganalisa segala aspek tragedi yang dialami Michael dari berbagai segi baik dari dalam maupun di luar puisi untuk mengungkap pahlawan tragis dari cerita dalam puisi. Pendekatan ini digunakan untuk menganalisa bentuk, struktur, isi cerita, elemen, dan hal-hal di luar karya sastra ini. Studi ini juga menggunakan penelitian perpustakaan dalam mengumpulkan informasi dan menganalisa permasalahan yang ada. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa Michael hanyalah seorang gembala tua dengan kemampuan yang mengagumkan. Isabel, Luke, dan Richard Bateman menjadi ‘agen’ untuk memenuhi harapan Michael dan menjadi ‘agen’ dari tragedy Michael. Michael memenuhi kriteria sebagai pahlawan tragis pada tragedi moderen
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