Jacques Leibowitch
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Ea6f9582ed64b57a580ac479dfa
Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:97-108 Original Scientific Paper doi: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.01.12 CHARACTERISTICS AND PROGNOSIS OF TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: A CROATIAN SINGLE INstitUtion RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY Ana Tečić Vuger1, Robert Šeparović1,5, Ljubica Vazdar1, Mirjana Pavlović1, Petra Lepetić1, Sanda Šitić2, Žarko Bajić3, Božena Šarčević4 and Damir Vrbanec5 1Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Radiotherapy and Medical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Oncologic Cytology and Pathology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Dr. Mirko Grmek Scientific Unit, Sveti Ivan Psychiatric Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 5School of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University, Pula, Croatia SUMMARY – Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) occurs in around one-sixth of all breast cancer (BC) patients, with the most aggressive behavior and worst prognosis of all BC subtypes. It is a heterogeneous disease, with specific molecular characteristics and natural dynamics of early recur- rence and fast progression. Due to the lack of biomarkers or any valid treatment targets, it can only be treated with classic cytotoxic chemotherapy. We analyzed a cohort of 152 patients, median age 58 years, diagnosed with and treated for early stage TNBC at the University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia, during the 2009-2012 period. Patients were treated with primary surgical approach, adjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant irradiation. We observed a relatively large proportion of locally advanced TNBC at diagnosis, with large tumor size and nodal involvement, with high grade and high proliferation index Ki67. -
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi : L’Engagement D’Une Vie
5 euros – septembre/octobre 2015 – n°79 Françoise Barré-Sinoussi : l’engagement d’une vie magazine d’information sur le sida agenda 2015 Concours VIH Pocket Films 2015/2016 Sidaction lance la 3e édition du concours VIH Pocket Films en octobre 2015. Cet événement s’adresse aux jeunes de 15 à 25 ans et les invite à réaliser une vidéo de deux minutes sur le VIH à partir de leurs téléphones portables. LES CHEFS Le concours reçoit le soutien des ministères de l’Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ; de l’Agriculture, SOLIDAIRES de l’Agroalimentaire et de la Forêt ; de la Ville, de la Jeunesse et des Sports ; de la Culture et JEUDI 8 OCTOBRE 2015 de la Communication ; des Affaires sociales, de la Santé et des Droits des femmes, et de la VOtRE REStAuRAtEuR Justice. SE mObILISE pOuR LA LuttE COntRE LE sida Plus d’informations : www.sidaction.org/concours-vih-pocket-films pour être solidaire, mettez les pieds sous la table, 5 novembre 10% DE LA RECEttE nous nous occupons du reste ! SEROnt REVERSéS Colloque : « Adolescent, jeune majeur : à SidactIOn vivre avec une maladie chronique » Organisé par Dessine-moi un mouton de 8 h 30 à 17 h 30 Centre de séminaires de l’institut Image 24, boulevard de Montparnasse 75015 Paris Entrée libre dans la limite des places disponibles. Inscription préalable obligatoire : [email protected] Retrouver la liste des restaurants participants sur notre site : www.sidaction.org ou au +33 (0)1 40 28 14 35 Du 19 au 22 novembre 8 octobre Le Salon de l’éducation 7e édition des Chefs solidaires À l’occasion du Salon européen de l’éducation, Durant cette journée, des restaurateurs reversent 10 % de leur recette du jour à Sidaction. -
Virus Hunting
HUMAN RETROVIRUS: A STORY OF SClENTlFlC DISCOVERY Contents Acknowledgments Prologue 1 SOME HISTORY BEHIND THE STORY 1. Becorning a Physician, Becoming a Scientist 13 2. The National Institutes of Health and the Laboratory of Tumor Ce11 Biology 26 3. Microscopic Intruders 44 I1 THE DISCOVERY OE CANCER-CAUSING RETROVIRUSES IN HUMANS 4. The Story of Retroviruses and Cancer: From Poultry to People 59 5. Success, Defeat, Success 82 6. Discovery of a Cancer Virus: The First Human Retrovirus 99 7. Discovery of the Second Human Retrovirus (and How the HTLVs Produce Disease) 116 viii CONTENTS I11 THE DISCOVERY OF A THIRD HUMAN RETROVIRUS: THE AIDS VIRUS 8. A Single Disease with a Single Cause 127 9. Breaking Through: "We Know How to Work with This Kind of Virus" 163 10. Making Progress, Making Sense: The Period of Intense Discovery 181 11. The Blood Test Patent Suit: Rivalry and Resolution 205 IV A SCIENTIST'S LOOK AT THE SCIENCE AND POLITICS OF AIDS 12. The Alarm 13. How the AIDS Virus Works 14. Kaposi's Sarcoma: A Special Tumor of AIDS 15. About Causes of Disease (and, in Particular, Why HIV 1s the Cause of AIDS) 16. What We Can Do About AIDS and the AIDS Virus Epilogue Name Index Subject Index X ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Anna Mazzuca, our super editorial secretary, gave me much &- hour assistance. Without her dedicated help none of this Story would have gone past its inception. I am grateful to my farnily for help and understanding during the whole process, particularly on those weekends when a free moment from work turned out to be a few days at home with my editord. -
History of Disease and the Longue Durée Jon Arrizabalaga
Hist. Phi!. Life Sci., 27 (2005),41-56 History of Disease and the Longue Durée Jon Arrizabalaga Department 01 History 01 Science IMF-CSIC Egipcíaques, 15 08001 Barcelona, Spain ABSTRACT - This paper summarizes Grmek's theoretical contribution to history of dis ease and explores to what extent the longue durée could still be a useful concept in order to better understand past perceptions of, and reactions to, diseases. The case of the medical responses to epidemic disease in pre-industrial Europe is synthetically expounded in order to illustrate this issue. KEYWORDS - History of disease; epidemics in pre-industrial Europe; pathocoenosis; longue durée; Mirko D. Grmek 0924-2000). 1. Introduction At the end of the introduction to his Les maladies ti l'aube de la civilisation oecidentale, the late Mirko Draz o en Grmek (1924-2000) significantly began his acknowledgements by paying tribute to Fernand Braudel, the 'father' of the longue durée, who in 1956 succeeded Lucien Febre as chief-director of the Annales. He said, Ce livre n'aurait sans doute jamais vu le jour sans l'initiative de Monsieur Fernand Braudel, a une époque déja lointaine, et san s les encouragements que ce prestigieux historien de la civilisation méditerranéenne a bien voulu nous prodiguer (Grmek 1983, 34). Curiously enough, this is the only reference to Braudel that 1 have come across in the two major works Grmek dedicated to the history of disease, namely one on diseases in the ancient Greek world prehistoric, archaic and classical - (Grmek 1983), and the other on AIDS in the late twentieth century (Grmek 1989). -
Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Bevacizumab in the First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Cervical Cancer: a Cohort Study in the Total Population of Croatian Patients
Hindawi Journal of Oncology Volume 2021, Article ID 2815623, 8 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2815623 Research Article Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Bevacizumab in the First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Cervical Cancer: A Cohort Study in the Total Population of Croatian Patients Dora Cˇ erina ,1 Visˇnja Matkovic´,2 Kristina Katic´,2 Ingrid Belac Lovasic´,3 Robert Sˇeparovic´,4 Ivana Canjko,5 Blanka Jaksˇic´,6 Branka Petric´-Misˇe,1 Zˇarko Bajic´ ,7 Marijo Boban,1 and Eduard Vrdoljak 1 1Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center Split, School of Medicine, University of Split, Spinˇci´ceva 1, HR-21000 Split, Croatia 2Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Petrova 13, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia 3Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Kreˇsimirova 42, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia 4Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Ilica 197, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia 5Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia 6Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Kiˇspati´ceva 12, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia 7Research Unit “Dr. Mirko Grmek”, University Psychiatric Hospital “Sveti Ivan”, Jankomir 11, HR-10.090 Zagreb, Croatia Correspondence should be addressed to Eduard Vrdoljak; [email protected] Received 19 April 2021; Accepted 1 August 2021; Published 6 August 2021 Academic Editor: Achuthan Chathrattil Raghavamenon Copyright © 2021 Dora Cˇ erina et al. &is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Productive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Levels Correlate With
Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 87, pp. 7438-7442, October 1990 Medical Sciences Productive human immunodeficiency virus infection levels correlate with AIDS-related manifestations in the patient (radiation-resistant human vimunodeficlencyirus expression/AIDS pathogenesis/monitoring of antiviral therapy) DOMINIQUE MATHEZ*, DEBORRAH PAULt, CLARENCE DE BtLILOVSKY*, YVETTE SULTANt, JEAN DELEUZE§, ISABELLE GORIN§, WILLIAM SAURIN¶, RICHARD DECKERt, AND JACQUES LEIBOWITCH*II *Unit6 d'Immuno-virologie, H6pital Raymond-Poincard, Universit6 Ren6-Descartes Paris-Ouest, Garches, 92380 France; tAbbott Laboratories, Experimental Biology Research, North Chicago, IL 60064; *Centre de Traitement des HWmophiles, Universit6 Paris VII, H6pital Cochin, Paris, 75014 France; fService de Dermatologie, H6pital Tarnier, Paris, 75006 France; and lUnit6 de Programmation Mol6culaire et Toxicologie Gdndtique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique LA 271, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U163, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015 France Communicated by Robert C. Gallo, June 26, 1990 (received for review January 12, 1990) ABSTRACT Mononuclear cells were obtained from 71 PATIENTS human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive subjects presenting at first visit either as asymptomatic or with The present study was undertaken as a retrospective analysis minor symptoms and with CD4 >550 per mm3 of medical records and specimens from 71 HIV-1 antibody lymphocytes carriers (4 females, 67 males; mean age = 36 + 8.8 years, (group A, 35 patients) or as patients with AIDS, AIDS-related range 9-58) who had attended one of two out-patient clinics illnesses, or CD4 lymphocytes <400 per mm3 (group B, 36 for possible HIV-related illness between 1984 and 1989. The patients). -
Da Virulência
Da virulência António Fernando Cascais Universidade Nova de Lisboa Não atrairás já com teus encantos os car- los males do mundo. Denunciou-se a fragili- valhos, Orfeu, nem os rochedos nem os dade de todas as certezas e as certezas de to- rebanhos. Dos animais sujeitos às leis das as intolerâncias. Advogou-se a coragem que são as suas; Já não entorpecerás o de saber viver nos extremos da vida e o re- bramido dos ventos. Nem a tempestade gresso ao paraíso perdido de um mundo sem de granizo ou a neve em rajadas. Não Sida. Contra a cândida ilusão da estabilidade mais que o estrépito das ondas, pois que intrínseca dos fenómenos naturais, lembrou- te eis Morto. Muitas vezes te choraram a se a virulência essencial dos fenómenos vi- sorte, as filhas da Memória e sobretudo vos, contra a crença na bondade alojada no a tua mãe Calíope. Porquê lamentarmo- mais fundo do coração dos homens, apontou- nos sobre os nossos filhos exangues, por- se a sempre reactivada virulência que se en- quanto nem mesmo os deuses conseguem rosca nas melhores cepas da boa vontade. arrancar a Hades os seus próprios fi- Em todos os terrenos e com todas as armas, lhos?1 combate-se o vírus da Sida e o não menos insidioso vírus da discriminação. Nos sen- Já lhe chamaram praga, castigo divino, timentos precipitados pela Sida e nas atitu- vingança da natureza, que se abate sobre des em relação a ela concita-se tudo quanto a humanidade pecadora ou que retalia so- é angústia contemporânea sobre o perigo dos bre a irracionalidade dos comportamentos. -
Mirko Dražen Grmek I Škola ANNALES*
Marta Fiolić Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Marko Lovrić hrvatski audiovizualni centar, Zagreb Mirko DraŽen grMek i ŠkoLa ANNALES* Iako su postojali određeni kontakti i utjecaji škole Annales na ovdašnju historiograju, Mirko Dražen Grmek vjerojatno je jedini hrvatski povjesničar kojeg možemo smatrati analistom u širem smislu riječi i brodelijancem. Riječ je o znanstveniku, liječniku i humanistu koji je u sebi ujedinio nekoliko pristupa i disciplina, što mu je omogućilo razvoj jedinstvenog pristupa određenim idejama i konceptima. Od 1963. godine živio je i radio u Francuskoj, gdje razvija bliski profesionalni i prijateljski odnos s pripadnicima škole Annales, posebice s Fernandom Braudelom i Marcom Ferrom. Uz njihov poticaj i utjecaj, Grmek će ostaviti neizbrisiv trag u povijesti znanosti i medicine. Ključne riječi: Mirko Dražen Grmek, Annales, Fernand Braudel, Marc Ferro, povijest medicine, inovacije akon što je debitirao 1929. godine, francuski historiografski èasopis Annales d’histoire Néconomique et sociale (kasnije se u više navrata mijenjao naziv èasopisa) izazvao je buru na znanstvenoj sceni te nepovratno izmijenio pristup povijesnoj tematici u metodo- loškom smislu.1 Njegove ideje i interdisciplinarni pristup bili su inspiracija mnogima, ali i izazov, kojemu su se odazvali pojedinci željni kompleksnog raščlanjivanja povijesne zbilje. Povijest mentaliteta, historijska psihologija (L. Febvre, R. Mandrou), komparativna historija (M. Bloch), totalna historija i dugo trajanje (F. Braudel), serijalna historija (P. Chaunu), tzv. ja-historija (égo-histoire, P. Nora) – bogatstvo i raznolikost ovih koncepata i pristupa otvorili su put drukèijim tumaèenjima prošlosti, od onih sveobuhvatnih do partikularnih. Èasopis Annales pridonosi razvoju i produbljivanju mnogih grana historiografije, a meðu njima naroèito i povijesti znanosti. Ili, preciznije, povijesti medicine. -
The Legacy of Mirko Grmek's Historical Studies of Claude Bernard
Essay Review The Legacy of Mirko Grmek's Historical Studies of Claude Bernard FREDERIC L HOLMES* Mirko D Gnmek, Le legs de Claude notebooks enable the historian to reconstruct Bernard, Penser la medecine, Paris, Fayard, Bernard's experimental pathway at the level of 1997, pp. 439, FF 160.00 (2-213-60014-7). the daily interaction between thought and action. Seldom has a scientist of such stature The French noun Legs can be translated left so full a record of the evolution of his either as "legacy" or as "bequest". The title of investigative pathway and of his private the present volume implies both meanings. The intellectual pathway as has Claude Bernard. No book is, in one sense, an interpretation of the other historian has acquired so extensive a legacy left to posterity by the experimental knowledge of the work and thought of Bernard discoveries and the thoughts of the famous as has Mirko Grmek during his long nineteenth-century French physiologist, Claude preoccupation with his eminent subject. Bernard. But the word refers also to the Le legs de Claude Bernard is a collection of bequest that Bernard left to future scholarship essays, each of which describes a particular in the form of the massive collection of episode in the life of, an aspect of the thought unpublished documents that have been of, or one of the experimental achievements of preserved. It is the special contribution of Bernard. After a chapter that summarizes Mirko Grmek to Bernard scholarship to have briefly the life and work of the distinguished catalogued this collection, and to have revealed French physiologist, Grmek discusses the the importance of these documents for a full "philosophical credo" that Bernard expressed understanding of the evolution of Bernard's in the inaugural address he delivered upon his work and his ideas. -
Four Days a Week Or Less on Appropriate Anti-HIV Drug Combinations Provided Long-Term Optimal Maintenance in 94 Patients: the ICCARRE Project
The FASEB Journal • Life Sciences Forum Four days a week or less on appropriate anti-HIV drug combinations provided long-term optimal maintenance in 94 patients: the ICCARRE project Jacques Leibowitch,*,1 Dominique Mathez,* Pierre de Truchis,* Damien Ledu,* † ‡ Jean Claude Melchior,* Guislaine Carcelain, Jacques Izopet, Christian Perronne,* and John R. David§ † ‡ *Hopitalˆ Raymond-Poincare,´ Garches, France; Pitie-salp´ etri´ ere` Hospital, Paris, France; Purpan Hospital, Toulouse, France; and §Harvard T.H. Chan School of Pubic Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA ABSTRACT Short, intraweekly cycles of anti-HIV com- multitreated patient cohort, treatment 4 days per week and binations have provided intermittent, effective therapy (on less over 421 intermittent treatment years reduced pre- 48 patients) (1). The concept is now extended to 94 patients scription medicines by 60%—equivalent to 3 drug-free/3 on treatment, 4 days per week or less, over a median of 2.7 virus-free remission year per patient—actually sparing €3 discontinuous treatment years per patient. On suppressive million on just 94 patients at the cost of 2.2 intrinsic viral combinations, 94 patients volunteered to treatment, 5 and failure/100 hyperintermittent treatment years. At no risk 4 days per week, or reduced stepwise to 4, 3, 2, and 1 days per of viral escape, maintenance therapy, 4 days per week, week in 94, 84, 66, and 12 patients, respectively, on various would quasiuniversally offer 40% cuts off of current over- triple, standard, antiviral combinations, or nonregistered, prescriptions.—Leibowitch, J., Mathez, D., de Truchis, quadruple, antiviral combinations. Ninety-four patients on P., Ledu, D., Melchior, J. -
Real-World Safety and Efficacy of Nivolumab for ≥ 2Nd Line Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: a Retrospective Cohort Study in Croatia, Hungary, and Malta
208 Neoplasma 2021; 68(1): 208–215 doi:10.4149/neo_2020_200512N519 Real-world safety and efficacy of nivolumab for ≥ 2nd line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study in Croatia, Hungary, and Malta Eduard VRDOLJAK1,*, Claude MAGRI2, Marija GAMULIN3, Lidija BOŠKOVIĆ1, Tomislav OMRČEN1, Žarko BAJIĆ4, Tamas DIENES5, Lajos GECZI5 1Department of Oncology, University Hospital Split, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia; 2Mater Dei Hospital, Triq Dun Karm, L-Imsida, Malta; 3Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Research unit “Dr. Mirko Grmek”, Psychiatric Hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb; Croatia; 5National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary *Correspondence: [email protected] Received May 12, 2020 / Accepted August 12, 2020 The objective of our study was to assess the real-world safety and efficacy of nivolumab in the second- or later-line treat- ment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We conducted a multicenter, retrospective, observational study of real- world data from patients who were treated with nivolumab under a patient expanded access program from 2015 to 2017 in Croatia, Hungary, and Malta. The primary safety endpoint was the discontinuation of therapy because of adverse events. The primary efficacy endpoint was overall survival (OS). We collected data from 87 patients with a median (interquartile range (IQR)) age of 63 (57-68) years, and 21% were females. The median (IQR) follow-up was 11 (5-31) months. Treatment was discontinued because of toxicity in 4 (5%) patients. Four (5%) patients experienced treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or 4. The OS was 18.0 (95% CI: 11.0 to 28.6) months, and the PFS was 8.5 (95% CI: 4.9 to 12.1) months. -
Le Concept De Pathocénose De M. D. Grmek
ÉCOLE PRATIQUE DES HAUTES ÉTUDES SCIENCES HISTORIQUES ET PHILOLOGIQUES – V HAUTES ÉTUDES MÉDIÉVALES ET MODERNES 109 Le concept de pathocénose de M. D. Grmek DROZ ÉCOLE PRATIQUE DES HAUTES ÉTUDES SCIENCES HISTORIQUES ET PHILOLOGIQUES – V HAUTES ÉTUDES MÉDIÉVALES ET MODERNES 109 Le concept de pathocénose de M. D. Grmek Une conceptualisation novatrice de l’histoire des maladies Études réunies par Joël Coste, Bernardino Fantini & Louise L. Lambrichs Librairie DROZ S.A. – 11, rue Massot, Genève – 2016 Illustration de couverture : Mirko D. Grmek (archives privées, Louise L. Lambrichs). ISBN : 978-2-600-01381-9 ISSN : 0073-0955 Copyright 2016 by Librairie Droz S.A., 11, rue Massot, Genève All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microflm, microfche or any other means without written permission. Le concept de pathocénose chez M. D. Grmek Une réfexion évolutionniste sur l’écologie des maladies ? Pierre-Olivier Méthot Université Laval, Québec istorien et épistémologue des sciences biologiques et médi- cales, Mirko D. Grmek a laissé derrière lui une œuvre foisonnante mais encore peu connue, et dont la diversité rend toute tentative Hd’interprétation extrêmement complexe. Le domaine des maladies infectieuses a toutefois constitué chez lui une préoccupation à part. Aujourd’hui un enjeu majeur en santé publique, les maladies infectieuses « émergentes 1 » consti- tuent un point d’entrée privilégié dans l’œuvre foisonnante de l’historien et phi- losophe des sciences de la vie. Ce fl conducteur permettra d’éclairer quelques aspects de l’itinéraire intellectuel de Grmek entre les années 1960 et 1990 qui, en retour, viendront préciser la place de la pensée évolutionniste dans sa démarche historique et épistémologique.