Module 5 – Introduction to Management Actions Common Fisheries Management Actions/Interventions Objectives
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ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT (EAFM) PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS PREPARING THE EAFM PLAN Module 5 – Introduction to Management Actions Common Fisheries Management Actions/Interventions Objectives . Familiarize with common fisheries and coastal resources management interventions (actions) 5 - INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Common management actions/ interventions 1. Regulation of fishing effort • seasonal closure • species-specific regulations • gear-specific regulations Cross -cutting: 2. Marine spatial planning (~zoning) 3. Network of marine protected areas 4. Fish catch/ habitat monitoring 1. Regulation of fishing effort: some examples 5 - INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Regulation of Fishing Effort CONTROLS INPUT INPUT MPA – No fishing allowed 5 - INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Regulation of fishing effort Restriction on size Restrictions Catch limits on stage at and allocation maturity OUTPUT CONTROLS OUTPUT 9-INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Short seasonal closure for rabbit fish Siganus canaliculatus Danajon Catch monitoring data from various gears catching rabbit ( Short seasonal closure for closure Short seasonal Bank from May to July 2004 Siganus all gears canaliculatus new new moon 60 50 40 30 Siganus 20 Siganids catch(kg) Siganids 10 rabbitfish canaliculatus 0 5/1/04 5/2/04 5/3/04 5/4/04 5/5/04 5/6/04 5/7/04 5/8/04 5/9/04 6/1/04 6/2/04 6/3/04 6/4/04 6/5/04 6/6/04 6/7/04 6/8/04 6/9/04 7/1/04 7/2/04 7/3/04 7/4/04 7/5/04 7/6/04 7/7/04 7/8/04 7/9/04 5/10/04 5/11/04 5/12/04 5/13/04 5/14/04 5/15/04 5/16/04 5/17/04 5/18/04 5/19/04 5/20/04 5/21/04 5/22/04 5/23/04 5/24/04 5/25/04 5/26/04 5/27/04 5/28/04 5/29/04 5/30/04 5/31/04 6/10/04 6/11/04 6/12/04 6/13/04 6/14/04 6/15/04 6/16/04 6/17/04 6/18/04 6/19/04 6/20/04 6/21/04 6/22/04 6/23/04 6/24/04 6/25/04 6/26/04 6/27/04 6/28/04 6/29/04 6/30/04 7/10/04 7/11/04 7/12/04 7/13/04 7/14/04 7/15/04 7/16/04 7/17/04 7/18/04 7/19/04 7/20/04 7/21/04 7/22/04 7/23/04 7/24/04 7/25/04 7/26/04 7/27/04 7/28/04 7/29/04 7/30/04 7/31/04 date ) fish in ) Ban on Berried Crabs Blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus . Size limits (12 cm carapace width?) . Minimum crab gillnet mesh size of 10 cm (4 inches) . Impounding berried females (7 days?) . Zoning of crab fishing gears Gear Swapping to Replace Crab Lift Net Blue crab fishing gears Size at maturity: 108.5 cm Rationalizing the Lm 21.5 cm use of beach seine in Lanuza Bay Matambaka (Selar crumenophthalmus) Rationalizing the Use of Beach Seine in Lanuza Bay 160 140 Others Ansuhan 120 100 80 60 40 Average CPUE (kg) Average 20 0 Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug '06 '06 '07 '07 '07 '07 '07 '07 '07 '07 Month 9-INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Closed season for small pelagics in Balayan Bay “Galunggong” Sardinella lemuru Rastrelliger kanagurta “Tulingan” Common Months with observed species matured gonads caught Galunggong Oct-Dec (D. macrosoma) Jan-Mar (D. maruadsi) Tamban Oct-Dec Hasa-hasa Oct-Dec Tulingan D. macrosoma - violet S. lemru - pink R. kanagurta - orange A. thazard - blue Closed Season for Small Pelagics in Balayan Bay 9-INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Closed season for Roundscad in Northern Palawan Chlorophyll Concentration Night lights Spawning grounds Municipal waters Closed Season for Roundscad in Northern Palawan 9-INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Satellite images of night lights Moving Forward Overcapacity and Equity Issues . 7,037 mt (2004) – 12,370 mt (2008): Annual landed catch (tons) in 4 municipalities in increase by 76% Danajon Bank (FISH Project 2010) . 690 (2004)- 1,600 (2008) kg/fisher/yr . Equivalent to an increase of 19% per annum Municipalities 2004 2006 2008 Talibon 3,666 4,940 4,644 Bien Unido 1,968 2,626 4,426 Estimated annual landings (tons) of most often Ubay 989 1,729 1,428 used fishing gears C.P. Garcia 413 1,571 1,873 TOTAL 7,037 10,867 12,370 Fishing gears 2004 2006 2008 Increased harvest: Drift gillnet 522 992 2,070 Hook and line 536 2,357 1,297 Danish seine* 634 1,496 1,271 Fish corral* 261 267 302 Stationary liftnet* 8 79 253 Round haul seine* 145 128 218 Decreased harvest: Multiple handline 185 381 15 Crab pot 137 150 64 Bottom-set longline 288 502 125 Bottom-set gillnet 726 546 484 * Active and fine-meshed fishing gears Moving forward: Right-Sizing of Fishing Effort The Concept: rooted in ecological principles • The basic concept of fisheries right-sizing is rooted in ecological principles. The most important of these principles in the inter-connectivity of the different marine organism s, both the exploited and non-exploited components. • As a result of this interconnectivity, fishing impacts not just on the target species/resources, but also on those that are not being harvested. 9-INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Moving Forward: Right-Sizing of Fishing Effort Right-Sizing of Fishing Effort: Evaluation of trade-offs Ecosystem Structure Fisheries Profits Fishers/Jobs 3 SCENARIOS Moving Forward: Right-Sizing of Fishing Effort The Process: Science-based and participatory in every step . Fisheries surveys . Habitat surveys . Socio-economic surveys 9-INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS 2. Fish Catch and Habitat Monitoring Fish Catch and Habitat Monitoring Develop long-term monitoring schemes to be used for fisheries management Size Composition Leiognathus bindus dynamite spear w ith compressor crab gillnet Bottom set gillnet 40 Drift gillnet 30 simple hook and line Handspear % 20 trammel net 10 stationary liftnet 0 Bottom set longline 1 beach seine 2 Fish trap 3 danish seine 4 set gillnet w ith plunger 5 bottom set gillnet 6 length (cm) 7 Drive-in gillnet Encircling gillnet Fish corral Barrier net Beach seine otter traw l Destructive fishing gears? scissor net filter net danish seine 0 50 100 150 200 Pieces per kg Species Composition Hook and and Hook seine Danish gillnet Bottomset longline Bottomset Drift gillnet Fish corral Fish pot (simple) line seine Round plunger) (with gillnet Set sor w/compres Spear net Trammel gillnet Encircling handline Multiple liftnet Stationary - haul haul Species Nemipterus spp. 1981 16 23 2 25 61 163 4 5 4 Carangidae (jacks) 1857 27 14 173 6 3 3 59 17 0 0 2 Scolopsis spp. 1504 4 2 1 219 51 1 11 39 10 Leiognathus spp. 1446 24 0 19 63 0 2 242 529 0 785 1 Sphyraena spp. 1443 59 3 114 26 9 14 12 1 1 30 4 Selaroides leptolepis 1211 1343 32 19 1 9 265 51 2 858 9 17 Loligo spp. 709 4 8 7 10 3 276 1 6 9 Upeneus sulphureus 649 6 26 1 0 51 Scomberomorus spp. 540 0 826 3 23 3 Plectorhinchus spp. 532 2 12 9 7 80 0 Upeneus spp. 429 55 78 0 322 55 13 38 303 21 Megalaspis cordyla 394 30 16 0 209 3 6 11 Gnathanodon speciosus 342 2 1 3 1 0 55 2 2 4 Gerres spp. 265 51 47 14 5 79 145 527 0 148 4 Leiognathus splendens 234 6 3 8 1 869 195 1 2 Serranidae (groupers) 193 1 28 1 43 2 0 16 1 Lutjanus chrysotaenia 182 2 50 3 3 2 16 Dasyatidae 133 2 206 2 3 1 43 Sardinella spp. 122 23 2850 3 515 4 8 322 Sillago spp. 101 2 4 2 0 6 44 150 0 Terapon jarbua 90 3 54 51 1 9 18 76 45 23 4 Choerodon spp. 62 2 0 0 5 61 12 40 17 Alepes sp. 57 9 45 0 0 10 8 0 5 6 Atule mate 55 2 4 1 24 3 9 Rastrelliger spp. 51 371 427 1 3 2 15 2 3. Marine Spatial Planning Marine Spatial Planning: Rationalizing multiple uses in pursuit of multiple objectives Managed tourism zone Stationary fishing gears Sustainable fisheries -Licensing & permits zone -Minimum mesh size -Registration, licensing -Gear regulations Conservation zone/ Rehabilitation zone Zone the area for their various fisheries uses Zone-based management: designating geographic areas for prescribed uses Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia Zone the Area for their Various Fisheries Uses Draft Activities Guide Sustainable Fisheries Use Zones Mariculture Protected Areas/ Rehabilitation Zones Maritime Tourism/ Inland Zones Zones Recreation waters Designated area for Others Reef Seagrass Mangrove Zones stationary gears (fish (Sanctuaries, Sanctuary Rehab. Areas corrals, new look) MPAs) Seaweeds culture No No Yes 1, 2 No No No No Yes 1, 2 Fish pens, cages No No Yes 1, 2 No No No No Yes 1, 2 Yes 1 Oyster culture No No Yes 1, 2 No No No No Yes 1, 2 Yes 1 Gillnetting No Yes 2 No No No No No ? Yes 2 Hook and line fishing Yes 2 Yes 2 No Yes2, 4 Yes2, 4 Yes2, 4 No ? Yes 2 Spear fishing No Yes 2 No No No No No ? Yes 2 Pots (fish pots, crab pots, squid Yes 2 Yes 2 No No No Yes2, 4 No ? Yes 2 pots, etc.) Aquarium fish collection No Yes 2, 6 No No No No No No ? Diving for invertebrates (sea No Yes 2 No No No No No No ? cucumber, shell harvesting, etc.) Gleaning Yes Yes ? No No ? No ? Yes Recreational boating, ? ? No Yes4 Yes4 Yes4 No Yes Yes snorkeling, diving, swimming Small vessel passage and Yes7 Yes7 Yes7 ? ? ? Yes7 Yes7 Yes7 anchorage Large vessel passage and No No No No No No Yes7 No No anchorage Education, research Yes3 Yes3 Yes3 Yes3 Yes3 Yes3 Yes3 Yes3 Yes3 Dredging No No No No No No ? No Yes5 1 Requirements: business permits, formal lease (as in TURF), etc.