ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT (EAFM) PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS

PREPARING THE EAFM PLAN

Module 5 – Introduction to Management Actions Common Fisheries Management Actions/Interventions Objectives

. Familiarize with common fisheries and coastal resources management interventions (actions)

5 - INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Common management actions/ interventions

1. Regulation of fishing effort • seasonal closure • species-specific regulations • gear-specific regulations Cross -cutting:

2. Marine spatial planning (~zoning) 3. Network of marine protected areas 4. Fish catch/ habitat monitoring

1. Regulation of fishing effort: some examples

5 - INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS

Regulation of Fishing Effort

CONTROLS INPUT INPUT

MPA – No fishing allowed

5 - INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS 9 - INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS OUTPUT CONTROLS maturity on stage at Restrictions on size Restriction Regulation of fishing effort

and allocation Catch limits

Short seasonal closure for rabbit fish Siganus canaliculatus Short seasonal closure for rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus all gears

60

50

40

30

20

Siganids catch(kg) Siganids 10

0

5/1/04 5/2/04 5/3/04 5/4/04 5/5/04 5/6/04 5/7/04 5/8/04 5/9/04

6/1/04 6/2/04 6/3/04 6/4/04 6/5/04 6/6/04 6/7/04 6/8/04 6/9/04

7/1/04 7/2/04 7/3/04 7/4/04 7/5/04 7/6/04 7/7/04 7/8/04 7/9/04

5/10/04 5/11/04 5/12/04 5/13/04 5/14/04 5/15/04 5/16/04 5/17/04 5/18/04 5/19/04 5/20/04 5/21/04 5/22/04 5/23/04 5/24/04 5/25/04 5/26/04 5/27/04 5/28/04 5/29/04 5/30/04 5/31/04

6/10/04 6/11/04 6/12/04 6/13/04 6/14/04 6/15/04 6/16/04 6/17/04 6/18/04 6/19/04 6/20/04 6/21/04 6/22/04 6/23/04 6/24/04 6/25/04 6/26/04 6/27/04 6/28/04 6/29/04 6/30/04

7/10/04 7/11/04 7/12/04 7/13/04 7/14/04 7/15/04 7/16/04 7/17/04 7/18/04 7/19/04 7/20/04 7/21/04 7/22/04 7/23/04 7/24/04 7/25/04 7/26/04 7/27/04 7/28/04 7/29/04 7/30/04 7/31/04

date

new moon

Catch monitoring data from various gears catching rabbit (Siganus canaliculatus) fish in Danajon Bank from May to July 2004 Ban on Berried Crabs

Blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus

. Size limits (12 cm carapace width?) . Minimum crab gillnet mesh size of 10 cm (4 inches) . Impounding berried females (7 days?) . Zoning of crab fishing gears Gear Swapping to Replace Crab Lift Net Blue crab fishing gears

Size at maturity: 108.5 cm Rationalizing the Lm 21.5 cm use of beach seine in Lanuza Bay

Matambaka (Selar crumenophthalmus) Rationalizing the Use of Beach Seine in Lanuza Bay

160

140 Others Ansuhan 120

100 80

60 40

Average CPUE (kg) Average 20 0 Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug '06 '06 '07 '07 '07 '07 '07 '07 '07 '07

Month

9-INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Closed season for small pelagics in Balayan Bay

“Galunggong” Sardinella lemuru Rastrelliger kanagurta “Tulingan”

Common Months with observed species matured gonads caught Galunggong Oct-Dec (D. macrosoma) Jan-Mar (D. maruadsi) Tamban Oct-Dec

Hasa-hasa Oct-Dec

Tulingan

D. macrosoma - violet S. lemru - pink R. kanagurta - orange A. thazard - blue Closed Season for Small Pelagics in Balayan Bay

9-INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Closed season for Roundscad in Northern

Chlorophyll Concentration Night lights

Spawning grounds Municipal waters Closed Season for Roundscad in Northern Palawan

9-INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Satellite images of night lights Moving Forward

Overcapacity and Equity Issues . 7,037 mt (2004) – 12,370 mt (2008): Annual landed catch (tons) in 4 municipalities in increase by 76% Danajon Bank (FISH Project 2010) . 690 (2004)- 1,600 (2008) kg/fisher/yr . Equivalent to an increase of 19% per annum Municipalities 2004 2006 2008 3,666 4,940 4,644 1,968 2,626 4,426 Estimated annual landings (tons) of most often Ubay 989 1,729 1,428 used fishing gears C.P. Garcia 413 1,571 1,873 TOTAL 7,037 10,867 12,370 Fishing gears 2004 2006 2008 Increased harvest: Drift gillnet 522 992 2,070 Hook and line 536 2,357 1,297 Danish seine* 634 1,496 1,271 Fish corral* 261 267 302 Stationary liftnet* 8 79 253 Round haul seine* 145 128 218 Decreased harvest: Multiple handline 185 381 15 Crab pot 137 150 64 Bottom-set longline 288 502 125 Bottom-set gillnet 726 546 484 * Active and fine-meshed fishing gears Moving forward: Right-Sizing of Fishing Effort

The Concept: rooted in ecological principles

• The basic concept of fisheries right-sizing is rooted in ecological principles. The most important of these principles in the inter-connectivity of the different marine organism s, both the exploited and non-exploited components.

• As a result of this interconnectivity, fishing impacts not just on the target species/resources, but also on those that are not being harvested.

9-INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Moving Forward: Right-Sizing of Fishing Effort Right-Sizing of Fishing Effort: Evaluation of trade-offs Ecosystem Structure Fisheries Profits Fishers/Jobs

3 SCENARIOS Moving Forward: Right-Sizing of Fishing Effort The Process: Science-based and participatory in every step

. Fisheries surveys . Habitat surveys . Socio-economic surveys

9-INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS 2. Fish Catch and Habitat Monitoring Fish Catch and Habitat Monitoring Develop long-term monitoring schemes to be used for fisheries management Size Composition

Leiognathus bindus dynamite spear w ith compressor crab gillnet Bottom set gillnet 40 Drift gillnet 30 simple hook and line Handspear % 20 trammel net 10 stationary liftnet 0 Bottom set longline 1 beach seine 2 Fish trap 3 danish seine 4 set gillnet w ith plunger 5 bottom set gillnet 6 length (cm) 7 Drive-in gillnet Encircling gillnet Fish corral Barrier net Beach seine otter traw l Destructive fishing gears? scissor net filter net danish seine

0 50 100 150 200 Pieces per kg

Species Composition

Hook Hook and seine Danish gillnet Bottomset longline Bottomset gillnet Drift corral Fish pot Fish (simple) line seine Round plunger) (with Set gillnet sor w/compres Spear net Trammel gillnet Encircling handline Multiple liftnet Stationary

-

haul

Species Nemipterus spp. 1981 16 23 2 25 61 163 4 5 4 Carangidae (jacks) 1857 27 14 173 6 3 3 59 17 0 0 2 Scolopsis spp. 1504 4 2 1 219 51 1 11 39 10 Leiognathus spp. 1446 24 0 19 63 0 2 242 529 0 785 1 Sphyraena spp. 1443 59 3 114 26 9 14 12 1 1 30 4 Selaroides leptolepis 1211 1343 32 19 1 9 265 51 2 858 9 17 Loligo spp. 709 4 8 7 10 3 276 1 6 9 Upeneus sulphureus 649 6 26 1 0 51 Scomberomorus spp. 540 0 826 3 23 3 Plectorhinchus spp. 532 2 12 9 7 80 0 Upeneus spp. 429 55 78 0 322 55 13 38 303 21 Megalaspis cordyla 394 30 16 0 209 3 6 11 Gnathanodon speciosus 342 2 1 3 1 0 55 2 2 4 Gerres spp. 265 51 47 14 5 79 145 527 0 148 4 Leiognathus splendens 234 6 3 8 1 869 195 1 2 Serranidae (groupers) 193 1 28 1 43 2 0 16 1 Lutjanus chrysotaenia 182 2 50 3 3 2 16 Dasyatidae 133 2 206 2 3 1 43 Sardinella spp. 122 23 2850 3 515 4 8 322 Sillago spp. 101 2 4 2 0 6 44 150 0 Terapon jarbua 90 3 54 51 1 9 18 76 45 23 4 Choerodon spp. 62 2 0 0 5 61 12 40 17 Alepes sp. 57 9 45 0 0 10 8 0 5 6 Atule mate 55 2 4 1 24 3 9 Rastrelliger spp. 51 371 427 1 3 2 15 2 3. Marine Spatial Planning Marine Spatial Planning: Rationalizing multiple uses in pursuit of multiple objectives

Managed tourism zone

Stationary fishing gears Sustainable fisheries -Licensing & permits zone -Minimum mesh size -Registration, licensing -Gear regulations

Conservation zone/ Rehabilitation zone Zone the area for their various fisheries uses

Zone-based management: designating geographic areas for prescribed uses

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia Zone the Area for their Various Fisheries Uses

Draft Activities Guide Sustainable Fisheries Use Zones Mariculture Protected Areas/ Rehabilitation Zones Maritime Tourism/ Inland Zones Zones Recreation waters Designated area for Others Reef Seagrass Mangrove Zones stationary gears (fish (Sanctuaries, Sanctuary Rehab. Areas corrals, new look) MPAs) Seaweeds culture No No Yes 1, 2 No No No No Yes 1, 2 Fish pens, cages No No Yes 1, 2 No No No No Yes 1, 2 Yes 1 Oyster culture No No Yes 1, 2 No No No No Yes 1, 2 Yes 1 Gillnetting No Yes 2 No No No No No ? Yes 2 Hook and line fishing Yes 2 Yes 2 No Yes2, 4 Yes2, 4 Yes2, 4 No ? Yes 2 Spear fishing No Yes 2 No No No No No ? Yes 2 Pots (fish pots, crab pots, squid Yes 2 Yes 2 No No No Yes2, 4 No ? Yes 2 pots, etc.) Aquarium fish collection No Yes 2, 6 No No No No No No ? Diving for invertebrates (sea No Yes 2 No No No No No No ? cucumber, shell harvesting, etc.) Gleaning Yes Yes ? No No ? No ? Yes Recreational boating, ? ? No Yes4 Yes4 Yes4 No Yes Yes snorkeling, diving, swimming Small vessel passage and Yes7 Yes7 Yes7 ? ? ? Yes7 Yes7 Yes7 anchorage Large vessel passage and No No No No No No Yes7 No No anchorage Education, research Yes3 Yes3 Yes3 Yes3 Yes3 Yes3 Yes3 Yes3 Yes3 Dredging No No No No No No ? No Yes5

1 Requirements: business permits, formal lease (as in TURF), etc. (contingent upon LGU plan) 2 Fishers must be registered and have acquired fishing license from the municipality 3 All education and research activities (including scientific research, long-term field surveys, etc.) must acquire a permit from the LGU 4 Limited to buffer zone only; must acquire permits and/or pay fees as required (contingent upon LGU plan) 5 Requirements: Environmental Impact Assessment, ECC, etc. 6 Certification required for aquarium fish collectors 7 Anchorage in non-reef areas and/or in designated areas only 4. Marine Protected Areas . Serve as the entry point for community participation in fisheries management . Serve as laboratory for community’s learning and appreciation of the principles of fisheries management . Serve as common ground for co- management between community, NGOs, and government

. Recent knowledge about MPAs: . An isolated MPA (unless very big) has less chance of success compared to a group of MPAs . More habitat systems (corals, seagrass and mangrove) covered the better . Network of MPAs is recommended MPA Network

Example of a hydrodynamic model for Danajon Bank (Villanoy 2006)

9-INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACTIONS MPA Network

Example of dispersal model for Danajon Bank (Villanoy 2006) MPA Network

Example of larvae distribution for Danajon Bank (Campos 2006) MPA Network

Nocnocan

No: Hingotanan East . Liberty - (river mouth) Calituban Cataban Bilangbilangan East Hingotanan West . Guindacpan Sag . Tukuran Pinamgo . Pandawa

. San Franciso (small) Bantigue . Malingin - (with reef) . Gaus

Yes: Humayhumay . Sag Island - (with reef & Aguining management plan) . Pinamgo - (with reef)

. Cataban – (with Sinandigan management plan) . Humay-humay

Recommended MPA sites in Danajon Bank