ANNUAL REPORT 2020 ENSTA BRETAGNE ANNUAL REPORT 2020 REPORT ANNUAL BRETAGNE ENSTA P

ANNUAL REPORT 2020 ENSTA BRETAGNE ANNUAL REPORT 2020 REPORT ANNUAL BRETAGNE ENSTA p. 3 • Edito p. 4 COVID-19 TREMENDOUS EFFORTS p. 6 MEMORABLE MOMENTS AND AWARDS p. 8 MISSIONS & AMBITIONS Antoine Bouvier, Head of Strategy, Mergers & Acquisitions and Public Affairs at Airbus, "godparent" of the 2021 cohort (October 2020). p. 9 • An original, pioneering school for the defense, maritime and innovative industries p. 10 • Our missions p. 12 • Our fields of excellence p. 17 • Global standing p. 18 • A school geared towards hi-tech companies p. 19 • Our partners and networks p. 20 TRAINING p. 21 • Edito p. 22 • Training engineers and experts p. 24 • Training program projects p. 26 • Enstartups, ENSTA Bretagne’s incubator

Presentation of robotics research projects to Florence p. 28 RESEARCH Parly, Minister for the Armed Forces (May 2020). p. 29 • Edito p. 30 • IRDL joint research unit (IRDL, UMR CNRS 6027) p. 36 • Knowledge, Information and Communication Science and Technology Laboratory (UMR CNRS 6285) p. 44 • Professional training and apprenticeships (FoAP, EA 7529) p. 46 CAMPUS p. 47 • Sustainable development & social responsibility

Tour of the campus by engineering freshers (September 2020). 2020: an altogether ENSTA Bretagne’s unprecedented year. teams have Societies big and small have been grappling demonstrated with the challenges of the global pandemic, France’s Minis- and higher education – in France and world- quite remarkable ter for the Armed wide – has had its fair share to tackle. dedication, Services, Florence ENSTA Bretagne’s teams have demons- Parly, witnessed responsiveness trated quite remarkable dedication, res- this for herself and creativity. ponsiveness and creativity. They have last May during reinvented teaching methods, kept in touch her tour of the with all of our students, whether in France school: “You have a wealth of talent in or abroad, and organized the continuity of your laboratories,” she pointed out, du- research activities, all whilst making inno- ring her announcement of the stronger ties vative efforts to support care and rescue between the school and the Defense Inno- teams. vation Agency (AID). She has particularly The network formed by the Alumni As- tasked ENSTA Bretagne with drawing up a sociation, our industrial partners and re- road map on maritime innovation (vessels search teams has played a key role. This of the future, AI, etc.) with its Brest-based invaluable partnership of engineers, re- partners. searchers and businesses is crucial for sup- ENSTA Bretagne has become a partner porting internship-, apprenticeship- and school of the École Polytechnique. This re- job-hunting against a worrying economic cognition of our areas of expertise and their backdrop. I commend the depth of your appeal to students attending L’X particular- commitment. ly bears on autonomous robotics, hydrogra- I thank the students who welcomed fre- phy, pyrotechnics, naval architecture as well shers to Brest and helped their international as all of the school’s teaching. fellow students to settle in. Thanks to their Brittany’s first National Research Agency vigilance, the health protocol we set up has (ANR) industrial chair attests to the exper- been observed. During lockdown, contact tise of the mechanical engineering team. was steadfastly maintained with all of our Dubbed "self-heating", it teams us up with students, in a tremendous show of solida- Safran and Naval Group to enhance the pre- rity and support. diction of naval or aeronautical systems’ A school moving forward and in-service performance. The long-standing volume of research planning for the future. contracts, theses defended and publica- There is still deep uncertainty and wides- tions also highlights just how instrumental pread concern. We have learned and we are ENSTA Bretagne is in the national and in- adapting. ternational higher education and research The dedication of teams and students alike ecosystem. at ENSTA Bretagne has been highlighted 2021 will mark a watershed as a truly de- time and again, not least by the external fining year. ENSTA Bretagne will be cele- assessors who came to perform the ISO brating its 50th anniversary and 30 years of Jean-Georges Malcor 9001, HCERES and CTI audits in 2020. The research, proud of its history and of what it President of ENSTA Bretagne auditors also underlined the all-round com- has become and looking to the future with Board of Directors mitment on a daily basis to the school’s be- confidence. This year we will be charting our Bruno Gruselle nefit. road map for the next five years, more than Director ever cementing our lead as one of France’s top engineering schools.

Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne EDITO 3 COVID-19 TREMENDOUS EFFORTS

“2020 has been a grueling year. I commend the tremendous efforts on everyone’s part, throughout, to reinvent ways of teaching and working. ENSTA Bretagne’s teams have continued to adapt quickly, to safeguard the continuity of the school’s activities. We have shown our students and our young graduates, with the Alumni Association, that they can count on their school. Help was also immediately forthcoming to lend invaluable material support to the care and rescue teams right from the start of the pandemic.

Thank you to everyone for their participation.” Bruno Gruselle CONTINUOUS ADAPTATION March 17, 2020 Blended learning, combining class- 1st lockdown: all of ENSTA Bretagne’s room and online sessions, was orga- activities continued remotely. nized, enabling international students stuck in their home countries and In just a few hours, classes went other students having to isolate to online. attend classes. And video-conferencing gained mo- October 30 / December 18, 2020 mentum. 2nd lockdown: all teaching once again May 11, 2020 switched to digital methods. As lockdown was eased, classes Support, research and innovation continued remotely in higher educa- activities were able to continue tion. on-campus. Remote working was End June/early July 2020 encouraged. Classes on-campus limited to 1st year In December, only certain types of co-operative (apprentice) engineers. practicals and exams were allowed €250k invested August 18, 2020 to be held in person. Timetables were in blended learning reorganized so that students in some Campus reopened after the summer cohorts did not have to return to Brest recess, under a health protocol laying after the October half-term break. down the conditions in which classes, research and student activities could resume. Reminders of the protective safety measures and distancing rules were given constantly.

4 COVID-19 TREMENDOUS EFFORTS Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne INNOVATION & SOLIDARITY

To meet the needs of the health service, care homes for dependent elderly people (Ehpad), emergency & rescue teams and law enforcement in the Brest region, a team at ENSTA Bretagne seized the NEARLY initiative, bringing together, in just a few hours, a network of “makers”. The call ISOLATION 5,000 FACE launched over social media was taken up by some one hundred volunteers, individuals and businesses alike, equip- CHAMBER FOR SHIELDS ped with 3D printers. Plans were tailored and approved by the Brest Regional University Hospital before being shared AMBULANCES MADE AND online. The school’s efforts continued at a steady pace, coordinating the implementation, assembly and delivery of DISTRIBUTED 5,000 face shields. (March-April 2020)

Having heard about ENSTA Bretagne’s efforts making the One group of students embarked on protective face shields, "the Ambu- the production of protective gowns lanciers de la Rade" got in touch with 30,000 for staff at Brest Regional University the school. They wanted an isolation Hospital: using scissors to cut out the chamber that could be PROTECTIVE gowns and belts from plastic shee- fitted to a stretcher, acting like a sort ting, folding and packaging. In the of “protective bubble” so as to isolate space of a few days, 30,000 gowns the patient and avoid any risk of GOWNS were made and delivered. contamination. Taking their cue from university studies, two professors (April-May 2020) designed this chamber by tailoring it to the ambulance drivers’ specific working conditions. (April-May 2020)

How can you regulate, in real-time, Every year, the Paris firefighting the flow, volume and level of oxygen brigade welcomes IETA military supplied to a patient exactly in line engineering officer cadets for their with their needs? IETA MILITARY human and military training. NEXT- Expertise in robotics and AI has been This year, these officer cadets were harnessed to answer this question ENGINEERING joined by volunteer 1st year IETA and to develop a promising prototype, engineering students. They made a GENERATION with the support of Prof L’Her from significant contribution. At the peak Brest Regional University Hospital. The STUDENTS of the health crisis, in addition to the VENTILATORS “non-invasive" ventilator designed by usual rescue & emergency missions, the robotics team is capable of falling WITH THE PARIS more than 2,500 calls and 500 into sync with the patient’s breathing, interventions a day in Paris were so as to detect and adapt to their FIREFIGHTERS to do with Covid-19. oxygen requirements. (March-June) (April-June 2020)

COVID-19 TREMENDOUS EFFORTS Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 5 MEMORABLE MOMENTS “What I have seen today, is the research excellence, especially in the field of underwater robotics, acoustics, the mechanics of materials and fluids and AND AWARDS cybersecurity.” Florence Parly, Minister for the Armed Forces, May 29, 2020

THE ENSTA BRETAGNE RESEARCH CENTER EXTENDS OVER 7,500 SQ.M. AND INCLUDES RESEARCH CENTER EXTENSION, 3 DEPARTMENTS: INAUGURATED BY THE MINISTER • MECHANICAL SCIENCES: 4,000 sq.m., FOR THE ARMED FORCES some one hundred researchers, working in the Dupuy de Lôme Research Institute [IRDL] The 1,600 sq.m. building inaugurated by (joint research unit [UMR] of the French Na- France’s Minister for the Armed Forces, tional Center for Scientific Research [CNRS] Florence Parly, on May 29, rounds off the 6027, to which ENSTA Bretagne is the 2nd impressive experimental facilities devoted most prolific contributor). to the mechanical sciences on the ENSTA • INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION Bretagne campus. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY: ENSTA Bretagne’s research activities in 3,000 sq.m., some one hundred researchers, partnership with industry and defense are working in the Lab-STICC (UMR CNRS 6285, aimed at predicting the in-service durabi- rd to which ENSTA Bretagne is the 3 most lity of mechanical structures and materials prolific contributor). and at modeling hydrodynamic interac- • HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES: tions and pyrotechnical phenomena. 500 sq.m., some twenty researchers, working in the FoAP lab (Research Unit 7529).

ENSTA BRETAGNE IS NOW A PARTNER THE MINISTER FOR THE ARMED FORCES EXCERPTS FROM FLORENCE PARLY’S SCHOOL OF THE ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE showed a particular interest in the research KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Our original courses such as pyrotechnics, conducted with the French Defense, Procu- “Safeguarding the operational superiority autonomous robotics, hydrography and rement and Technology Agency (DGA) and of our Armies tomorrow is a scientific, naval architecture are of interest to stu- industry, including Thales, for the development technological, technical, organizational dents attending L’X, who can enroll in these of new naval mine warfare systems and human challenge. And to take up these challenges, we will certainly need programs alongside 3rd year students. For These make use of a unique set of complex you.” the school has joined the select circle of L’X sciences and technologies, all found at ENSTA th “You have a wealth of talent in your labo- partner schools for the “4 year” training of Bretagne: the design of autonomous marine its students. ratories […] That is why we have decided to and underwater drone systems for long-haul strengthen the ties between your school missions, their cybersecurity, new acoustic and the Defense Innovation Agency. " sensors and AI-based sonar image processing More particularly for our students, she methods. had this to say: "You are fortunate to be studying in a school that promotes dual On February 13, 2020, conference given by activities (civil and military). Know that this Corentin Brustlein, Director of the Security is a strength, as it means you are doubling Studies Center at the French Institute of In- your field of vision and therefore your ternational Relations (Ifri): "The United States’ possibilities.” defense strategy, from Obama to Trump".

6 MEMORABLE MOMENTS AND AWARDS Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne DOUBLE DEGREE (DD) COURSES, WITH THESIS AT THE ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE: The quality of welcome • Maria Luiza Costa Vianna (Brazilian): DD 2019 in "mobile robotics" ENSTA Bretagne / UFMG (Federal Uni- for international students versity of Minas Gerais) is working towards a thesis at the Ecole polytechnique on this theme. is recognized at the highest level. • Martin Avila Torrado (Argentinian): DD 2018 in "mechanical modeling" ENSTA Bretagne / University of Buenos Aires, is working towards a thesis jointly supervised between the Ecole polytechnique TU Munich.

NEW INDUSTRIAL CHAIR OF THE FRENCH NEW SPECIALIZED ADVANCED MASTER: NATIONAL RESEARCH AGENCY (ANR): PORT AND MARITIME SYSTEMS "SELF-HEATING", WITH NAVAL GROUP CYBERSECURITY & SAFRAN This program welcomed its first cohort Led by ENSTA Bretagne (Dupuy de Lôme in September 2020. Unique in Europe, it Research Institute) and two industry leaders, trains highly sought-after experts to coun- including the Institut P’, the “Self-Heating” ter the current attacks and detect future threats in the maritime sector. industrial chair has been accepted by the ANR. For four years, the teams will work on This is a Specialized Advanced Master measuring the heat signature of materials for (equivalent of 6 years’ higher education), accredited by the Association of Grandes naval and air applications. The aim? Predict Ecoles (CGE), and comprises one academic their in-service performance and fatigue life. semester and one semester spent doing The budget amounts to €2.05m, jointly funded an internship. The course is taught by four by the ANR, Naval Group and Safran. This is prestigious engineering schools combining the 1st ANR industrial chair in Brittany! these specialist skills: IMT Atlantique, Ecole Find out more on page 31 navale, ENSTA Bretagne and ENSM. It has Find out more on page 31 received certification from the Pôle Mer Bretagne-Atlantique cluster and the Cyber Center of Excellence.

A STUDENT LIFE BURSTING THEIR TALENT REWARDED WITH CREATIVITY • Break the code Challenge The lockdowns have not dampened the Five ENSTA Bretagne teams took part in the creativity of our students and clubs are challenge organized by Sopra Steria: this was nurturing ties the 2nd time the Cyber club had participated • Impact has scooped the national … and their 2nd victory! “junior-enterprise” label and provides • "ActInSpace" hackathon. Organized by the an array of services. French space agency (CNES), the teams had • The new Q club gives an insight into 24 hours to tackle a space-themed technolo- quantum information science. gical challenge. 50 countries took part and 14 • Kult’Art brings together painting, deco- different cities in France. 5 students from the rative arts and design enthusiasts. school who participated won 2nd prize in the event held in Brest. • The digital interclubs of the sports association are getting all their sports • “The passion for enterprise”. At ITII Bre- members moving – at home. tagne’s 6th symposium, held online, the video • The school now has its own live-aboard pitch contest between 400 co-operative sailboat. In addition to the largest (apprentice) engineers from Brittany was won student sailing association in France, by the Hydrogénii/ENSTA Bretagne project. non-sailors can now also enjoy the thrills • 2 students received accolades at the French of sea outings too! Society of Automotive Engineers (SIA) Trophy, see page 24.

MEMORABLE MOMENTS AND AWARDS Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 7

AN ORIGINAL, PIONEERING SCHOOL FOR THE DEFENSE, MARITIME AND INNOVATIVE INDUSTRIES

MORE THAN HALF ACCESSIBLE A CENTURY OF * In the Top 25 AND DIVERSE HI-TECH of France’s graduate engineering schools 970 students and PhD students • 85% civil engineering students, AND INNOVATION 15% military engineering students Steeped in 200 years’ worth of training, ENS- The research is funded by the Ministry for the • 25 to 30% women TA Bretagne is celebrating its 50th anniversary Armed Forces, local authorities and partner • 30% on grants or scholarships in 2021 (it was founded in 1971) and 30 years of companies. • 20% international students research activities. The multidisciplinary school A dynamic network of trains engineers and conducts high-level re- • More than 80% of students are in the civil search for the most innovative industries and the stream, drawn by the cutting-edge training 6,000 alumni defense sector. and wide-ranging employment sectors: ma- • Initially dedicated to training Armaments Studies ritime, transport, energy, digital technology 10 fields of excellence and Technology (IETA) Engineers for the French and aerospace. in research and training Defense, Procurement and Technology Agency • Well established in its region, where it is the (DGA), the school still carries out this essential oldest engineering school, ENSTA Bretagne mission to this day. It is the only engineering is set within a sweeping 7-hectare campus in program awarding IETA status, rounded off by a Brest, right by the coast. It harbors significant STRONG GROWTH course at the leading higher education provider teaching and research resources as well as all for aerospace engineering, ISAE-Supaero, on ae- accommodation for students. MOMENTUM ronautics expertise. • Thanks to extensive cooperation with bu- • The innovative programs of the defense industry sinesses and labs alike, both in France and For two decades, the school has been attracting a growing appeal to more than a third of young graduates abroad, high-level research and training and its number of students, PhD students and high-level professors – civil and military alike – every year. At ENSTA diverse, original and complementary subjects, from all over France and beyond its borders. Bretagne’s research center, studies are geared ENSTA Bretagne provides a hugely motivatio- • Students: x2 in 15 years towards extensive applications in the military nal setting for preparing future engineers for • PhD students: x4 in 15 years and civil sectors, including a large proportion in the major challenges that lie ahead. marine technologies, in which the school excels. • Number of graduates: x3 in 20 years PARTNER SECTORS

OFFSHORE, DEFENSE INFORMATION AERONAUTICS AUTOMOBILE TEACHING NAVAL & SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES & SPACE INDUSTRY & RESEARCH INDUSTRIES & OBSERVATION & LAND & ENERGY SYSTEMS VEHICLES

* Source: SCEI 2020 (Engineering Graduate Schools' Entrance Examination Service) MISSIONS AND AMBITIONS Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 9 OUR MISSIONS TRAINING ENSTA Bretagne trains general and high level specialist engineers who are immediately operational and have great potential. The qua- Choosing to study, teach, innovate, lity of training at ENSTA Bretagne is renowned. Its graduates are rapidly recruited for the po- and lead research at ENSTA Bretagne sitions which interest them, in the most inno- means choosing excellence, an open door vative of sectors. to the world and access to an exceptional ENSTA Bretagne graduates have various profiles, but one vocation which is to take part network of renowned hi-tech companies in innovative projects in design, R&D, mea- and scientific organizations. surements, tests or program management. They are prepared to evolve to face the major challenges of cutting edge industries and society, sustainable development,future trans- 300 port, digitization, cybersecurity, maritime and GRADUATES space exploration… IN 2020 ENSTA Bretagne is at the heart of an exceptional national and international network com- posed of hi-tech companies, academic institutions, civil and military test centers. Many double degrees enable the students to per- 3 sonalize their career paths and enhance their TRAINING international prospects. AND RESEARCH DEPARTMENTS Mechanical Sciences Information & Communication Human and social sciences

19 TRAINING CYCLES pages 20 to 25

10 MISSIONS AND AMBITIONS Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 246 RESEARCHERS ENGINEERS RESEARCH TECHNICIANS & PHD STUDENTS A cornerstone for excellence in teaching, major multi-disciplinary research is carried out on campus, which is geared towards industrial, civil and military applications. The research programs are regional, national and international. The high-level 3 scientific production is intense and constantly in- ACADEMIC creasing, involving numerous partners. LABORATORIES ENSTA Bretagne research teams are assigned to multi-supervisory academic laboratories (IRDL, Lab-STICC, FoAP) and joint research structures with industry. The Research Institute has access to unique experimental facilities to characterize phe- 8 nomena and validate scientific results, in mecha- CHAIRS nical sciences (the MASMECA technology platform) and information technologies (the Cyber Center, AND JOINT an anechoic chamber, the robotics pool, hydrogra- LABORATORIES phic vehicles, drone systems etc). pages 28 to 45

INNOVATION

The implementation of scientific work and participation in strategic territorial planning have won ENSTA Bretagne an outstanding position in the socio-economic world. The creation of the ENS- TARTUPS incubator and an impressive program of entrepreneurship awareness training have added to ENSTA Bretagne’s innovation policy since 2017.

pages 26 & 27

MISSIONS AND AMBITIONS Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 11 OUR FIELDS OF EXCELLENCE

HYDROGRAPHY AUTONOMOUS & OCEANOGRAPHY (CAT. A) ROBOTICS

Brest is the birthplace of this discipline and ENSTA The scientific challenges are numerous: robot auto- Bretagne is the only school where you can find French nomy, coordination, stealth… Within this context of training in Category A Hydrography (the highest level increased research and extremely diverse applications, awarded by the FIG-OHI-ACI) It is also one of the most the training provides the keys to designing, making, renowned in the world. programming and testing autonomous and mobile robots, to carry out all types of missions on land, at sea Hydrography and Oceaonography cover the methods used to and in the air. describe and measure oceans, seas, lakes and water courses. This information is essential for all activities which are conduc- Leading robotics projects requires many skills in: ted at sea, around coasts or on rivers. 3 profiles are proposed: • Mechanical design • Hydrography • Signal detection and processing • Physical oceanography • The use of multiple sensors • Marine geophysics. • Perception, artificial intelligence The students have access to cutting edge equipment (a hydro- Through combining telecommunications, digital circuits, compu- graphic survey vessel, amphibious vehicle, probes…), an envi- ter science and security, ENSTA Bretagne-trained engineers and ronment which facilitates their application (the Brest Roads- doctors are equipped with a set of skills sought after worldwide tead, Lake Guerlédan) and a variety of projects (cartography, by industrialists in many sectors of activity and research labora- research on wrecks, dam inspections, etc…) tories.

OUR TRAINING COURSES THE LABORATORIES OUR TRAINING COURSES THE LABORATORIES • Specialization in the 2nd and 3rd years • LAB-STICC Laboratory • Specialization in 2nd and 3rd years • LAB-STICC Laboratory of general engineer training (UMR CNRS6285) of general engineer training* (UMR CNRS6285) cf. pages 36 to 43 cf. pages 36 to 43 • “Hydrography” Master (category A) • Master in Mobile Robotics • UMR Adaptation and Diversity • Joint chairs and laboratories • Double Degree Research Master in in the Marine Environment • Doctorate (with Thales and Naval Group) “Marine Geophysics” or “Climate (Station Biologique de Roscoff, and Ocean Physics” CNRS / Sorbonne University) • Doctorate

12 MISSIONS AND AMBITIONS Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne OURVISION FIELDS ET OF AMBITIONS EXCELLENCE 2021

OBSERVATION SYSTEMS SECURITY AND AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DIGITAL SYSTEMS

NEW

The "Port and Maritime Systems Cybersecurity" Specialized Advanced Master opened at the beginning of the 2020 Fulfilling the expectations of many civil and military This expertise concerns the design academic year (with IMT Atlantique, companies and public bodies, ENSTA Bretagne has of secure communicating digital Ecole navale amassed a broad range of expertise in the design systems, incorporating telecommunications, and ENSM). of embedded systems, multi-sensor observation digital circuits, computer science and security systems and advanced technologies of information (cybersecurity, reliability and protection processing for decision support. of personal information).

To imagine and design tomorrow’s embedded intelligence and The idea is to design the most reliable and long-lasting systems. observation systems, the training and research employs Extensive research aims to develop high level, methodological advanced techniques in artificial intelligence which answer the approaches, based mainly on software engineering for embedded issues raised by heterogeneous and mass data acquisition, systems and model-driven engineering. In cybersecurity, ENSTA processing and analysis. It includes the modeling of physical Bretagne brings students a complete overview, from the antenna phenomena, mono or multi-sensor systems experimentation and analog chain to threat analysis. and simulation, systems engineering, mastery of embedded The lessons cover the entire chain, software and material archi- observation systems, the analysis, processing and interpre- tecture modeling, the exploitation of sensor-derived information, tation of data (signals, images…) as well as decision support setting up telecommunications, software development and ensu- (decision and estimation theory) ring system security from the design phase onwards

OUR TRAINING COURSES THE LABORATORIES OUR TRAINING COURSES THE LABORATORIES • Specialization in the 2nd and 3rd years • LAB-STICC Laboratory • Specialization in the 2nd and 3rd • LAB-STICC Laboratory of general engineer training (UMR CNRS 6285) years of general engineer training or (UMR CNRS 6285) or co-operative (apprentice) engineer cf. pages 36 to 43 co-operative (apprentice) engineer cf. pages 36 to 43 training in "Embedded Systems" • Joint chairs and laboratories training in "Embedded Systems" • Cyber Defense of Naval Systems Chair (with Thales and Naval Group) • "Multi-sensor and Localization • “Architecture and Security of • www.chaire-cyber-navale.fr Systems Engineering" Specialized Software and Electronic Systems” Advanced Master Master • Doctorate • "Computer Science" Master, "Autonomous and Intelligent Interac- tive Systems" option. • Doctorate MISSIONS AND AMBITIONS Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 13 OUR FIELDS OF EXCELLENCE

OFFSHORE AND MARINE RENEWABLE NAVAL ARCHITECTURE ENERGIES (MRE)

ENSTA Bretagne conducts the highest ranked Producing electricity from marine renewable energies (wind, training in France in offshore and naval wave, currents etc) depends on marine and su marine architecture engineering and leads many platforms which are innovative and resistant to the harsh research projects on the naval systems of the conditions at sea. The training (which is unique in France) future, so that maritime transport is adapted and research programs focus on their development. for major challenges and more respectful of the environment. One year of specialized advanced master (6 years post High School Cer- tificate), 100% dedicated to MREs, trains engineers, future project ma- With this exceptional training, the graduates design all nagers or program directors. Accredited by the Conférence des Grandes types of vessels, submarines and naval platforms. All Ecoles and endorsed by the Pôle Mer Bretagne Atlantique, it has brought the parameters required for the optimum operation of together ENSTA Bretagne, Ecole navale, IMT Atlantique, UBO, Ifremer a ship are taken into consideration: hydrodynamics, ae- and companies. The school has produced over one hundred experts in rodynamics, durability, stability, propulsion, structural 10 years, 90% of whom have joined the national and international MRE calculations, maneuverability, seaworthiness, ergono- sector. With the Institut pour la Transition Énergétique "France Energies mics etc. Marines" (the Institute for Energy Transition dedicated to Marine The research focuses on improving the performance of Renewable Energies), the research focuses on the mechanical behavior the ships, especially in terms of propulsion. in situ of wind and wave turbines (resistance, materials, assemblies, blades, anchor lines, IMR vessels) and the modeling of the marine environment (currents and seabeds).

OUR TRAINING COURSES THE LABORATORIES OUR TRAINING COURSES THE LABORATORIES • Specialization in the 2nd and 3rd years • The Dupuy de Lôme Research • "Expert in Marine Renewable • The Dupuy de Lôme Research of general engineer training or co-ope- Institute (IRDL, UMR CNRS 6027) Energies" Specialized Advanced Institute (IRDL, UMR CNRS 6027) rative (apprentice) engineer training cf. pages 30 to 35 Master cf. pages 30 to 35 • "Maritime Engineering" Master • Gustave Zédé Joint Laboratory • Doctorate • The Lab-STICC Laboratory • "Naval Hydrodynamics" option (with Naval Group) (UMR CNRS6285) "Marine Sciences" Master • The Chair of the French National cf. pages 36 to 43 • Offshore and Naval Architecture and Research Agency (ANR): "self-heating" Ship Design/Marine Engineering” (with Naval Group & Safran) Specialized Advanced Master • Doctorate

14 MISSIONS AND AMBITIONS Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne OUR FIELDS OF EXCELLENCE

VEHICLE ADVANCED MODELING OF ARCHITECTURE MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES

Long term partner of the automotive industry and the Using new materials and assembly techniques is a entire land vehicle sector, the school trains high-perfor- growing trend. This involves solving the complex sizing ming designers who are most respectful of the environ- challenges required for many activity sectors where the ment. Including applied research and a European master, highest level of mechanical performance is crucial: ae- engineers having followed this training have excellent ronautics, the naval and automobile industries, energy, careeropportunities in France and abroad. defense, the biomedical industry etc.

Starting from solid foundations in mechanical design, thestudents Optimization through modeling is necessary in all fields, to reduce move on to the major issues of the sector such as environmental the environmental footprint of human activities, to adapt to new norms, and new motorization, the reductionof vehicle weight, relia- norms, or to seize opportunities and develop new markets (new bility, active and passive safety systems, vehicle habitability, up to materials, innovative procedures, new energies etc). the qualification of dynamic performance. These courses are based on high-level research aiming to charac- The professors focus onfatigue, lifespan, deformationand the terize and model the mechanical properties of all types of mate- in-service behavior of materials and structures. This strategic re- rials and structures. This applied research is carried out in close search is geared towards validating choices made in terms of redu- collaboration with numerous industrialists. Under these condi- cing vehicle weight and reducing consumption. tions, the use of comp sites, light alloys, biomaterials and adhesively-bonded structures can become more commonplace.

OUR TRAINING COURSES THE LABORATORIES OUR TRAINING COURSES THE LABORATORIES • Specialization in the 2nd and 3rd years • The Dupuy de Lôme Research • Specialization in the 2nd and 3rd • The Dupuy de Lôme Research of general engineer training, Institute (IRDL, UMR CNRS 6027) years of general engineer training Institute (IRDL, UMR CNRS 6027) cf. pages 30 to 35 cf. pages 30 to 35 or co-operative (apprentice) • "Design Engineering" Master, engineer training • OpenLab "Computational Mechanics" "Mechanics, Materials and Civil • Gustave Zédé Joint Laboratory (with the PSA Group) (with Naval Group) • International Master in Automobile Engineering" option Engineering • Doctorate • Doctorate

MISSIONS AND AMBITIONS Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 15 OUR FIELDS OF EXCELLENCE

PYROTECHNIC ENGINEERING SYSTEMS AND BUSINESS SCIENCE

NEW COURSE Ship maintenance with the Ecole navale,

associated with the

Specialized Advanced Master in "Maritime Project Management” (September 2021). Unique in France, this training dedicated to As a complement to the engineering sciences pyrotechnics focuses on the analysis and design and core subjects in Human Sciences, this trains of explosive systems and their integration managers, project leaders and entrepreneurs. into mechanical systems ThisThis specialization specialization in in management management opensopens up aa widerwider range range of of res res- - Mastering explosive effects and designing propulsion ponsibilitiesponsibilities in in companies companies oror public bodiesbodies forfor thethe graduates. graduates. It It systems can only be achieved through the acquisition of encompassesencompasses businessbusiness engineering, project,project, innovation,innovation, perfor perfor- - high level expertise. Many activity sectors are concerned: mancemance and and interculturalintercultural management inin anan international international context. context. defense, the aerospace and automobile industries, public OtherOther students students choose choose a one a one year year course course dedicated dedicated to maritime to maritime project works or even the prevention of industrial hazards. The management,project management, which encompasses which encompasses the concept the of concept a maritime of a project, ma- innovations concern energetic materials which are safer theritime management project, the of managementan international of team,an international quality evaluation team, quality and the for their users, as well as the attenuation of blast effects. managementevaluation and of partnerships. the management Innovation of partnerships. training is also Innovation an original trai -re- These dominant trends form part of the syllabuses and are searchning is field also at an ENSTA original Bretagne, research including field at theENSTA study Bretagne, of French including and inter - the subject of research on campus. ENSTA Bretagne has nationalthe study curricula of French used and to train international tomorrow’s curricula innovators. used to train extensive experimental facilities dedicated to the study of tomorrow’s innovators. dynamic phenomena: shock wave propagation, combustion, blast effects, impacts etc.

OUR TRAINING COURSES THE LABORATORIES OUR TRAINING COURSES THE LABORATORIES • Specialization in the 2nd and 3rd years • The Dupuy de Lôme Research • Specialization in the 3rd year • The "Formation et apprentissages of general engineer training Institute (IRDL, UMR CNRS 6027) of general engineer training professionnels" cf. pages 30 to 35 or co-operative (apprentice) (Professional Apprenticeship • “Pyrotechnics and Propulsion” and Professionnal Training) Specialized Advanced Master engineer training Research Unit (FoAP, EA 7529) • Doctorate • “Maritime Project Management cf. pages 44 & 45 and Ship maintenance” Specialized Advanced Master • Doctorate

16 MISSIONS AND AMBITIONS Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 93 45 PARTNERS INTERNATIONAL MSC COURSES ON A GLOBAL ACROSS COUNTRIES 26 DOUBLE-DEGREE BASIS + A HOST OF SCIENTIFIC STANDING PARTNERSHIPS

EUROPE

UNITED KINGDOM > CRANFIELD POLAND > GDANSK Cranfield University… Gdansk University of Technology… "Because interculturality is a factor for progress, an international BELGIUM > LIEGE GERMANY > CHEMNIT outlook is built into ENSTA Bretagne’s DNA, across all of its activities: Université de Liège Technische Universität Chemnitz… NETHERLANDS > DELFT CZECH REPUBLIC > PRAGUE double degrees, personalized semesters in the very best partner TU Delft CZECH Technical University (CTU)… universities, internships, jointly supervised theses and more... SPAIN > BARCELONA ROMANIA > BUCHAREST Because ENSTA Bretagne sets meaningful store by excellence, we Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Academia Technica Militara Bucarest… PORTUGAL > PORTO ITALY > MILAN develop both academic and scientific collaborative projects with the Faculdade de Engenharia Politecnico di Milano foremost labs and establishments in our fields of expertise. da Universidade do Porto de Catalunya This policy also enables us to welcome the very best international students, who have often been awarded scholarships of excellence and whose participation on-campus perfectly captures the intercultural mindset that prevails here”.

Hélène Guillamot, Director of International Development and Partnerships

EXAMPLES OF ACADEMIC PATHWAYS GERMANY: Stefanie Schwartz (2021 cohort) in her 2nd year of the Hy- INTERNATIONAL drography Master, after a BSc in Physics of the Earth system from Kiel University. CANADA HALIFAX : Dalhousie University MOROCCO VIETNAM AUSTRALIA: Krzysztof Borkowski, after a BEng inMechanical RIMOUSKI : Université du Québec (UQAR) RABAT : École Mohammadia d’Ingénieurs HO CHI MINH : Engineering, in 2020 he was awarded the double-Master’s degree UNITED STATES SENEGAL University of Sciences (HCMUS) CHICAGO : Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) DAKAR : École Supérieure Polytechniques AUSTRALIA Surface ships and submarines with the University of Adelaide (UoA). ATLANTA : Georgia Institute TUNISIA LAUNCESTON : University of South Australia CAMEROON: Manuella Feunkeu Mfupa graduated in engineering in COLOMBIA SFAX : Université de Sfaxs ADELAIDE : BOGOTA : Universidad de Los Andes • l’UoA (University of Adelaide) 2020 in the "observation systems and perception” major, after a Mas- of Technology (Georgia Tech)… LEBANON • Flinders University BEYROUTH : Lebanese university… ter in “Mechanical modeling and vibration” from Le Mans University. FORT COLLINS : Colorado State University CHINA INDIA ARGENTINA QINGDAO : Ocean University of China CHENNAÏ : Indian Institute of Technology BUENOS AIRES : Universidad de Buenos Aires… SHANGHAI : Tongji University… ITALY: Giovanni Gamba, student at Politecnico di Milano, on an Madras (IITM) Erasmus+ exchange program for one semester; he is studying for a BRAZIL GOA : IIT Goa MALAYSIA RIO DE JANEIRO : Universidade Federal KUALA LUMPUR : Universiti Teknologi Master in Mechanical Engineering (2022 cohort). do Rio de Janeiro Malaysia (UTM) PORTO ALEGRE : Universidade Federal PENANG : Universiti Sains Malaysia LEBANON: Nour Bahlak, student at the Lebanese University – Faculty do Rio Grande do Sul… Engineering Campus of Technology, with an EIFFEL scholarship of excellence, is taking an engineering double degree in the “digital systems & security” major (2021 cohort). > Complete list of international partnerships: www.ensta-bretagne.fr/partenaires-academiques-internationaux www.ensta-bretagne.fr/doubles-diplomes-internationaux 17

EVERY YEAR A SCHOOL GEARED TOWARDS 150 ENGINEERING - PROJECTS HI TECH COMPANIES Accomplished by groups of students on themes There is considerable industrial collaboration in terms of training, CPD, research and innovation. This guarantees that our training programs are fully in line with businesses’ expectations, Connected to industry that our graduates quickly find work and that a meaningful balance is struck between funda- and public works mental and applied research.

Video of industrial project viva voces IN TERMS OF TRAINING bit.ly/ProjetsIndus2A • Provision of engineers and experts for the courses or exam juries • Presence at careers fairs • Study and design subjects proposed to the teachers to 450 lead group and mentored projects, in the 2nd and final year ENGINEERING (MSc level) • Assistant engineer internships (3 to 5 months) or final year INTERNSHIPS projects (5 to 6 months) 3 to 6 months • Professionalization contracts • Co-operative (apprenticeship) contracts • Staff training for companies

> 1 000 OCTOBER 2020 COMPANY IN TERMS OF RESEARCH Antoine Bouvier, Head of Strategy, Mergers & Acquisitions PARTNERSHIPS • Research contracts and Public Affairs at Airbus, "godparent" of the 2021 cohort: IN FRANCE • CIFRE Theses (Conventions Industrielles de Formation par AND WORLDWIDEE la Recherche, an industrial "training through research" “The aeronautical and defense sectors have great expec- agreement) tations as regards the expertise that your engineers have to offer. Our industry is going through a period of radical • Tests and measurements change and now, more than ever, we need the skills that RARE EXPERTISE • Joint laboratories you have to offer in the fields of pyrotechnics, advanced IN CONTINUING • Research chairs modeling of materials and structures, observation systems, embedded systems and artificial intelligence. These PROFESSIONAL are essential skills that enable companies such as Airbus DEVELOPMENT SCHOOL LIFE to remain competitive on the international scene.” List of internships at: • "God parenting" (patronage) of a cohort www.ensta-bretagne.fr/en/godparenting-2021-cohort ensta-bretagne.fr/formation-continue + • Participation in governing boards, training, research, and company relation committees • Financial support: apprenticeship tax, ENSTA Bretagne scholarship, sponsoring of student projects 2021/2022 corporate calendar www.ensta-bretagne.fr/brochure-entreprises-fr 18 MISSIONS AND AMBITIONS Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne THE MINISTER FOR THE A SCHOOL GEARED TOWARDS ARMED FORCES OUR PARTNERS has tasked ENSTA Bretagne with organizing a research - network dedicated to the HI TECH COMPANIES maritime sector, bringing to- AND NETWORKS gether different academic In both training and research, ENSTA Bretagne has partners, including IMT Atlantique, Ecole navale developed close relationships with many public and and the French private bodies. The school is at the heart of a vast Naval Hydrographic and network of companies, competitiveness and other Oceanographic Service (Shom). clusters, laboratories, universities and graduate Visit from Cécile Sellier, DGA/DT engineering schools. Director (December 2020) ENSTA BRETAGNE SUPERVISION INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC ALUMNI ENSTA Bretagne is part of the group of graduate schools an active network of under the supervision of the DGA (Direction Générale DEVELOPMENT 6,000 former students, de l’Armement or French Technology and Procurement Agency), part of the French Ministry of Armed Forces, to- run by volunteers and ENSTA Bretagne plays an active role in many civil and mili- gether with the Ecole Polytechnique, ISAE-Supaero and tary innovation programs and the strategic planning which chaired by Pierre Faucoup, ENSTA Paris. CEO of Cilas. defines them. The school is involved on an international, The ENSTA Bretagne-led training programs, research and national, regional and local level. innovation, some of which are covered by agreements • Competitiveness clusters: Pôle Mer Bretagne Atlantique with the Defense Innovation Agency (AID), contribute to (maritime economy), ID4CAR (automobile), Images et the wealth of expertise at the French Defense, Procure- Réseaux, EMC2 (future manufacturing technologies), Ae- ment and Technology Agency (DGA) and, more broadly, rospace Valley the whole of the Ministry for the Armed Forces and its industrial partners. • Institut pour la Transition Énergétique (ITE) France Éner- gies Marines (marine renewable energies) Every year, ENSTA Bretagne recruits and trains 43 Arma- ments Studies and Technology (IETA) Engineers, who have • Institut de Recherche Technologique (IRT) Bcom ENSTA BRETAGNE a key role to play within the latter Ministry in planning, im- (digital innovation). plementing and supporting the flagship armaments pro- • ORION innovation cluster in naval defense IS PART OF THE grams. • Pôle d’Excellence Cyber (PEC) cyber excellence cluster INTERDISCIPLINARY • "Laboratoire d’Excellence" CominLabs on information PARTNER GRADUATE SCHOOLS and communication sciences GRADUATE SCHOOL • Bretagne Télédétection Scientific Interest Group FOR THE BLUE Apart from its international partners (cf. page 12) and its (GIS BreTel) on space applications and technologies. research laboratory partners (cf. pages 33 to 51), ENSTA • Local action with the Campus Mondial de la Mer, the PLANET (ISBLUE) Bretagne proposes various academic paths for its stu- Technopôle Brest Iroise (non-profit organization), Brest This is the French research dents, as a gateway to double degrees or other courses at Metropole and Region of Brittany. our partner graduate schools: IMT Atlantique, ENSTA Paris, university dedicated to ISAE-Supaero, ENSG, ENS Cachan, INSTN, the Polyméca marine science & technology: network, IAE Brest, Audencia, ENSA Paris La Villette gra- 360 Master’s students, duate school of architecture… united by the same exacting 260 PhD students standards as ENSTA Bretagne.

MISSIONS AND AMBITIONS Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 19 20 MISSIONS ET AMBITIONS Rapport annuel ENSTA Bretagne Adapting to safeguard the value of our programs and the success of our students Throughout 2020, all of our teaching staff grams and the academic success of our stu- showed a sense of responsibility in prompt- dents, which we have kept ly rallying to protect the physical and mental a constant eye on, have not Continuing to move health of our students, and to tailor teaching been called into question. methods and the organization of classes. It The year was noteworthy in forward and plan is a source of great pride for me to observe many other respects too. It that these goals have been achieved. But the confirms the very high le- for the future constantly changing health situation means vel of student recruitment, that this immensely trying challenge is far from whether through the "Mines Télécom" en- over. trance exam in which ENSTA Bretagne leads Much more than in previous years, course ma- the way, or through application-based admis- terial has had to be revised and teaching tech- sions, for which the number and quality of ap- niques reconsidered constantly in an effort plications continue to grow. to reinvent them. In order to manage these Our inclusion as one of the select partner changes seamlessly, solidarity and mutual schools of the Ecole Polytechnique is a glowing support have proved invaluable. The school example of this: ENSTA Bretagne enjoys a has also heavily invested in distance learning highly reputed profile. tools and in the virtualization of information The range of CPD options is continuing to grow systems. with, last September, the launch of a Specia- Thanks to the school’s adaptability and caring lized Advanced Master in Port and Maritime attitude, contact has been maintained with all Systems Security and the setup of a new of our students, whose motivations and diffi- co-operative program for international military culties have been heeded on a weekly basis. engineering students. All foreign students continued to be welco- The school also expertly prepared the ground- med, whether on-campus or online, and close, work for the end-of-year audits performed by ongoing follow-up was ensured of all our stu- experts from the CTI and HCERES. dents engaged in international mobility. In addition, young graduates from the 2020 cohort The auditors commended the all-round dedi- have been given more guidance in finding cation and professionalism. The engineering their first job, thanks to our close links with the training programs, whether taken with stu- TRAINING network of alumni. dent or co-operative (apprentice) engineer status, are well-respected in the corporate With their academic routines completely world and have been put forward for accredi- upended, our students have also had to adopt tation again. A significant change this year is new methods at a moment’s notice. They have that the apprentice engineering program has had to demonstrate resilience both in their so- branched out into two qualifying streams, fo- cial and extracurricular lives, as well as in their cusing on their specifics in naval architecture academic motivations and ambitions, particu- and vehicles on the one hand, and embedded larly amid the cancellation of their trips abroad. systems on the other. There have at times been bitter disappoint- 2020 will certainly be remembered, and come ments, and yet the students have unwave- to symbolize our school’s ability to invest and ringly helped each other out, kept in touch reinvent itself as often as necessary. I should and showed an admirable cohesion as a co- like to thank the course leadership teams, who hort. As such, despite the regular sense of remain committed alongside students and fa- weariness, their determination to succeed has Rémy Thibaud culty alike and are working hard to improve the held strong, thanks to the encouragement and Dean of Faculty quality of service, tirelessly and with a ready support of their dedicated teaching staff and ear. the school as a whole. The value of our pro-

ENSTA BretagneTRAINING Rapport annuel Annual MISSIONS Report ENSTA ET AMBITIONS Bretagne 21 In all the special subjects, the rapid integration into the world of work of the young 2019 graduates and the increase in the average salaries confirms the reputation of the school in the business world and how the profiles of the students are a match for the challenges which await them. TRAINING Train engineers and experts ENGINEERS AND EXPERTS FIGURES AT THE START OF THE 2020 SCHOOL YEAR

GENERAL ENGINEEER PROGRAM ENGINEER TRAINING APPRENTICE Study representativeness: 100%. Annual national survey conducted by the Conférence des Grandes Écoles at the beginning of 2020, of 2019 graduates 6 months after graduation. 3 year curriculum, accredited by the CTI* (bac+5) 3 year course, delivered with companies, endorsed by the CTI* (bac+5)

ENSTA Bretagne delivers high-level multi-disciplinary training, in response to ma- A multi-disciplinary and demanding education program, mixing lessons with prac- jor societal and technological issues. The graduates are highly sought after by tical periods in companies, enabling high-potential students, mostly with techno- companies in France and abroad. They are immediately operational in the chosen logical training backgrounds (DUT, BTS) to attain the best level. The quality of the field of expertise and able to evolve and rapidly take on responsibilities. first 10 cohorts established the reputation of the training. The school is increa- singly solicited by high-performing candidates CORE CURRICULUM • General, complete and balanced • 100% of time spent training education 631 • 40% academic sequences 127 • Mathematics, information techno- • 60% professional sequences logies, digital sciences, mechanical students co-operative (apprentice) sciences, human sciences, intercultural CORE CURRICULUM engineers management, societal challenges… • General, complete and balanced • Numerous implementation projects education with companies 78 % civilians 40 % • Mathematics, information techno- • Workshops, company simulations, 22 % military "embedded systems" logies, digital sciences, mechanical leadership internship… sciences, human sciences, intercultural profiles 9 SPECIALIST FIELDS management, societal challenges… TO CHOOSE FROM 50th • Thesis and viva voce on technical 60 % cohort in 2020 themes or business culture after each "naval architecture" professional sequence or "vehicle" profiles 4 SPECIALIST FIELDS PROFILES 27 % TO CHOOSE FROM 12th • Studies and Design, R&D, assessment, female student cohort tests and measurements engineer • Armament engineer PROFILES • Research engineer Start of 2020/2021 • Research engineer, design, R&D, Start of 2020/2021 • Business engineers academic year: testing and measurements academic year: • Entrepreneur engineers The level of students admitted • Business engineer The quality of the applications confirms the school’s strong ap- received and trust shown by • Engineer contractor ADMISSION peal (No.1 school in the Mines-Té- companies means that 43 new • After scientific preparatory classes, lécom competitive entrance ADMISSION co-operative engineers were and the Mines-Telecom competitive exam) with 165 offered a place for admitted. • After a technical degree, 2 year post entrance examinations: 155 places 155 places in the 1st year, inclu- high school certificate diploma, viaa • Or university graduate (L3,M1,M2) and ding 37 IETA military engineers. application dossier(L3, M1, M2). dossier and interview: 50 places

* CTI: Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur. In France, the CTI is the relevant body in charge of carrying out evaluation procedures that lead to the accreditation of the institutions to award the engineering degree. 22 TRAINING Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne EMPLOYMENT SURVEY COHORT 2019 In all the special subjects, the rapid integration into the world of work of the young 2019 graduates and the increase in the average salaries confirms the reputation of the school in the business world and how the profiles of the students are a match for the challenges which await them. Train engineers and experts 298 97 % 12 DAYS € 39800 GRADUATES NET EMPLOYMENT AVERAGE TIME AVERAGE GROSS INCLUDING 244 RATE AT 6 MONTHS TO FIND ANNUAL SALARY ENGINEERS national average: 90% A FIRST JOB

Study representativeness: 100%. Annual national survey conducted by the Conférence des Grandes Écoles at the beginning of 2020, of 2019 graduates 6 months after graduation.

MASTERS SPECIALIZED ADVANCED MASTERS (MS) 2 year course, accredited by the French Ministry for Higher Education, 1 year course, accredited by the Conférence des Grandes Écoles Research and Innovation INTEGRATE HIGH TECHNOLOGY 6 MASTERS OF WORLDWIDE • ARCHITECTURE AND SECURITY SECTORS OF THE FUTURE RENOWN OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS AND • CYBERSECURITY OF PORT • MANAGEMENT OF • HYDROGRAPHY* SOFTWARE AND MARITIME SYSTEMS* MARITIME PROJECTS* (category A of the international This answers all the challenges of New for the 2020 academic year Manage, coordinate and evaluate organization FIG-OHI-ACI).Carry out secure communicating systems: Counter current attacks and detect and assess hydrographic surveys modeling software and material maritime projects of international future threats to defend and operate according the international norms for architecture, exploiting information caliber (training endorsed by the Pôle specific maritime and port systems the sector provided by sensors, installing tele- Mer Bretagne quality label) communications… (training endorsed by the Pôle Mer • MARITIME ENGINEERING • PYROTECHNICS AND PROPULSION* Bretagne Atlantique quality label) design all types of naval systems, JOINTLY-ACCREDITED MASTERS Master the physical phenomena ships, platforms and submarines. • "Marine Sciences" Master • MARINE ENGINEERING, OFFSHORE of combustion, deflagration and This is associated with the MSc (with UBO/IUEM) AND NAVALARCHITECTURE, AND detonation and integrate them into a of Marine Engineering of the Univer- - NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS option SHIP DESIGN* mechanical propulsion system Train to become a naval architect, sity of Adelaide (UoA) for the Fran- - OCEAN AND CLIMATE PHYSICS • LOCALIZATION AND MULTI-SENSOR project leader, studies engineer, co-Australian double degree "Ships option (coastal, offshore and ocean SYSTEMS ENGINEERING* research engineer or shipyard mana- and Submarines*" data sciences) (with ENSTA Paris). Design multi-sen- ger. This is associated with the DPEA • MOBILE ROBOTICS - MARINE GEOPHYSICS option sor technological initiatives Dedicated to the design and creation • "Design Engineering" Master, of the ENSA Paris La Vilette School of mobile robotic systems, this in- MECHANICS, MATERIALS AND CIVIL of Architecture for the "Ship Design" cludes the material and software ENGINEERING option (with UBO, option • AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING* UBS, ENIB and INSA Rennes) • MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES Unique in Europe, this international • "Computer Science" Master, (MRE) EXPERT* 49 program associates 5 establishments INTERACTIVE, INTELLIGENT AND Design systems to harness MREs, students in 5 countries: ENSTA Bretagne, AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS option analyze the impacts and the issues, the University of Prague (CTU), the (with UBO, ENIB and IMT Atlantique) manage MRE programs University of Arnhem (HAN), the University of Chemnitz (TUC) and the University of Bandung (ITB)

plus military students *MOST 38 trained under contracts students with foreign armies. OF THESE COURSES ARE UNIQUE IN FRANCE TRAINING Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 23 TRAINING PROGRAM PROJECTS Teaching through projects is a fundamental part of our training programs EXAMPLES OF DELIVERABLES OF THE 2021 AND 2022 COHORTS

• Cybersecurity / “Goldorak” project vey in real-time and going back over the location where On robotized arms representing an industrial assembly the errors had been identified. Ulysse offers up new po- This has been part of the fabric chain, a co-simulation approach has been developed to tential: marine mapping of non-navigable, shallow or at- of the school since its very begin- detect cyberattacks. This included the deployment of sen- risk areas. sors, development of scenarios, injection of flaws and re- • Mechanical design / Thales project: “towed sonar reco- ning. The many implementation mote monitoring via PCs or smartphones. very/deployment” projects led help the students to • Secure observation systems / “SPOLIVA” project with 27 designs were devised in 2019 by various teams. A 28th acquire a system view. KEREVAL team then came up with a final design bringing together the very best ideas. This was pre-sized, CAD-modeled and These simulations enable them to This was conducted as part of the KER-SEVECO project on the cybersecurity of embedded systems in smart vehicles. delivered to Thales. progress rapidly on the most The aim? To demonstrate that LIDAR is vulnerable to at- • Mechanical design / "testbed for mooring chain wear". complex problems, and to be im- tack and to come up with a hardware and software so- In conjunction with a thesis under study at the school (in mediately operational at lution (a demonstrator) for detecting and diverting such the IRDL lab, with: CEREMA, Phares et Balises, the French attack types (e.g. jamming system). The solutions were Navy and chain manufacturers Marit and Carlier), the he end of their studies. able to be tested. testbed will be used to reproduce the wear phenomena The group implementation projects • Embedded systems / “Deepdart” project of submerged chains, under laboratory conditions, by defining a certain number of parameters. Following the 27 are on real company subjects or Two co-operative (apprentice) engineers, Tony and Théo, worked on AI-based robot recognition. Their project en- designs put forward by the teams, a new project will work inspired by the latest issues and tailed several phases: learning (12,000 images were added on designing the "best" testbed through a recap of the are supervised by the professors to the database; supercomputer), running of the image previous ideas. analysis algorithm and detection (an algorithm reworks • / hybrid during semesters 3, 4 and 5. the image). Vehicle architecture "What hybrid architecture and what control for They enable students to study and • Hydrography and robotics / “Ulysse: USV-led autono- a 44-ton long-haul truck?" (SIA 2020 trophy: mous bathymetric survey” photo (photo) create complete deliverables in the French Society of Automotive Engineers). In 10 fields of expertise of the school. Roboticists and hydrography students work together eve- response to the specifications defining the characteristics ry year on projects tested at Lake Guerlédan. One group of a hybrid truck that must achieve "0" CO2 emissions du- has devoted its attention to Ulysse, an autonomous cata- ring urban deliveries, the students scooped 2nd prize. maran. By the end of the project, Ulysse was capable of scanning an area, detecting an error in a bathymetric sur-

24 TRAINING Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne EXAMPLES OF END-OF-STUDIES PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN BY THE 2020 COHORT

The best end-of-studies projects • Rémi GIRARDON (ingénieur, PFE à l'université de La Vehicle architecture in naval architecture,hydrodynamics, Rochelle) : « Modélisation numérique Barocline et mul- • Antoine BOURASSEAU (end-of-studies project at Re- ti-échelle de la côte des Pertuis Charentais ». Il s'agit nault Trucks): "Design of a rear drive unit for electric ship design and MRE. d'améliorer la manière de prendre en compte le déver- HGV”. The young graduate is a now on a permanent • Paul BUHNEMANN (Marine Engineering/Naval and sement des fleuves dans un modèle océanique côtier. contract as a design engineer at Goupil (electric utility Offshore Architecture Specialized Advanced Master): Ces modèles permettent de mieux appréhender la cir- vehicles). end-of-studies project at Marine Assistance, on the culation hydrodynamique dans les zones estuariennes Pyrotechnics / laser propulsion for deviation of design of a support vessel for offshore wind farms.. afin, par exemple, d’étudier l'impact de pollutions. asteroids and space debris • Sinéad WEGELER (Marine Engineering/Naval and • Pierre-Antoine LAMER Rémi Girardon (engineer, end- • Aurihona WOLLF (engineer, end-of-studies project Offshore Architecture Specialized Advanced Master): of-studies project at La Rochelle University): "Mul- at the CEA): "Study of the momentum transmitted by end-of-studies project at EFINOR Sea Cleaners, on the ti-scale and baroclinic digital modeling of the Pertuis laser ablation and fragmentation”. After taking a gap design of a marine waste recovery vessel. Charentais coast”. The purpose is to improve consideration of river flows in a coastal oceanic model. year at NATO, her final study semester at ENSTA Bre- • Paul RENAUD (engineering student, naval architecture tagne together with a research Master (ISAE-ENSMA) major): end-of-studies project at Thales DMS, for the • Pierre-Yves L. (IETA military engineer, end-of-studies and jointly wri. design of a maneuverability model for drone recovery. project at IFREMER in Brest): “Geomorphological mapping of the Channel seafloor and the northern part of Observation systems and AI / medical imaging • Thibault LECARPENTIER (co-operative engineer, ap- the Bay of Biscay: automated morphological analyses • Amadou Sall (engineer, after an end-of-studies project prentice at Naval Group): end-of-studies project on from digital bathymetric field models at the Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (LIB), Sorbonne the production and consolidation of weight estimation University, where he is working towards a thesis): “In (contribution of equipped methods). • Alicia MAURICE (engineer, end-of-studies project at EDF DTG): "Optimization of velocity measurements in vivo ultrasound imaging of the femur bone”. A different • Juliette LEPROU (ENSTA Bretagne 2019 engineer, ma- river and coastal hydrography”. The techniques studied approach to physics which has enabled imaging of the jor in the "Expert in Marine Renewable Energies" Spe- pave the way to optimized velocity measurements inside of the cortical bone for the first time by ultra- cialized Advanced Master 2020): end-of-studies project when acquiring and processing river and coastal hy- sound scan. at Principle Power, project development as part of the drographic data, so improving the quality of bathyme- This project showed that, via a change in signal proces- “Kincardine” program on floating offshore windfarms, tric surveys in these areas. sing, the quality of the images and diagnosis are impro- off the Edinburgh coast in Scotland. ved to assess bone deterioration. On the basis of a de- • Johan DAELMAN (ENSTA Bretagne 2015 engineer, "Ex- The best end-of-studies projects tailed study of the physical and digital model, the most pert in Marine Renewable Energies" Specialized Ad- in IT, mechanical sciences suitable simulation tool for bone tissue, an elastic and vanced Master 2020 graduate): end-of-studies project and business science porous environment, could be chosen. at Quadran Energies Marines, on preparation of the Engineering and business science / IT project mana- 2021/2022 "floating windfarm" calls for tenders and Robotics / autonomous parachute gement and remote working the setup of a hydrodynamic computational chain. • Kevin B. (ingénieur IETA, PFE à l'AID) : « Conception et réalisation d’un parachute autonome ». Partant • Alexis Baulu (engineer, end-of-studies project then The ATMA prize for the best maritime de zéro, un tel système devait être modélisé, simu- permanent contract at Dassault Systemes, as “Finance project: hydrography-oceanography lé et construit. Différents algorithmes de naviga- BTC Business Process Analyst") changed his end-of- studies project topic in light of the crisis: he deployed given pride of place. tion ont été développés, ainsi qu'un estimateur per- mettant de mesurer le vent en vol. L'intégration de “Planning Analytics”, managed the project, supported The top five end-of-studies projects are nominated for ces éléments a abouti à la réalisation d'un premier users and built a “Workload Management” application the 2020 prize, all in connection with key challenges for prototype pour lequel il a été nécessaire de choisir program. The crisis that unfolded from March 2020, protecting our environment. les capteurs, les actionneurs et le microcontrôleur. bringing lockdown and remote working in its wake, prompted him to propose this social tool for the benefit • Solène DÉALBÉRA engineer, end-of-studies project at youtu.be/L04n5RVhgAc LEGOS in Toulouse): "Main risk of coastal flooding at of project management. Advanced modeling of materials and structures global level: land subsidence or rising sea levels?”. This is about gaining a clearer understanding of the pheno- • Arthur PELTRE (end-of-studies project at EDF): "Com- mena behind coastal flooding, which takes a steep toll parison of seismic sizing methods for forklifts". Fol- in terms of human life and property damage. lowing this commendable project, the student was hired on a permanent contract as a design engineer at Edvance (subsidiary of EDF and Framatome).

TRAINING Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 25 CONTACT Antonin RAFFARIN, head of entrepreneurship & ENSTARTUPS [email protected] ENSTARTUPS T. +33 (0)2 98 34 89 38

Yann Morin, an apprentice engineer, has just joined the incubator and designed a ENSTA BRETAGNE'S ground-breaking electric motorbike INCUBATOR The ENSTARTUPS incubator promotes entrepreneurship and supports creators

Created in 2017, the ENSTARTUPS incubator aims to help NEW PROJECTS people with projects in the idea stage by advising them through all the stages in company creation. It is continuing • YMADE : electric motorbike made out of wood, by a to develop and receive new projects. co-operative (apprentice) engineer Antonin Raffarin, head of ENSTARTUPS: • OX-EYE : naval architecture & engineering agency "The creation phase is the deciding moment for these en- (http://ox-eye.com/), by a former student trepreneurs. We validate all the stages beforehand, so that • ARKANE : radar signal and AI processing (for 5G, the the creation and rest of the adventure can continue in the IoT, space, etc.), winner of the “Launcher of the future” best of all possible conditions. At the same time, failure or challenge (CNES). abandonment are also part of the life of a startup project. • SEEDERAL : design of an electric tractor Two projects decided to give up on their entrepreneurial ad- ventures due to failure to find a market". IN INCUBATION

• SPLASHELEC : two projects: "make sailing accessible to abeginner" (sailing via a joystick) and "foil actuation project". • TRASH SURFBOARD : "surfboards based on recycled cardboard"; creation of the structure. ACTIUM: an underwater location marker for divers, • ORPHIE : "improving underwater camera vision"; devised by the start-up IANIRA and designed by prototype finished, seeking an industry to test it. ENSTA Bretagne research engineers.

FAST-GROWING STARTUPS 11 4 - COMPANIES START UPS • FIL&FAB : "fishing net recycling", production methods IN CREATION IN 2020 CREATED deployed (www.fil-et-fab.fr). • UMOJA : "African fabric shoewear", marketed (www.umoja-shoes.com). • GWILEN : "marine sediment recovery", currently available for pre-order (www.gwilen.com). • IANIRA : "marker for divers", equipped with a system designed and patented by ENSTA Bretagne, currently being marketed.

26 TRAINING Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne RAISING STUDENT

AWARENESS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Before wanting to create a In the first year, Implementation possible company, you need to want all the students receive in the 3rd year to become an entrepreneur. awareness training • The students who specialize in "Bu- The training at • A conference breaks down all siness Sciences" can follow the "En- the myths surrounding entrepre- trepreneurship" option and work on ENSTA Bretagne takes neurship. It is delivered by the Tech- their own company creation project. place over 3 years and nopole Brest Iroise in the presence About sixty hours of mentoring from external contributors covers all the enables this passion for of entrepreneurs from ENSTA Bre- tagne’s incubator, and discussions aspects of the business plan, so that entrepreneurship to be rapidly ensue. it can be drawn up and presented to passed on to our students bankers and investors. 9 ENSTA Bre- • From the 1st semester onwards, the tagne student engineers enrolled on in a progressive way. students can also opt to take their this course in 2019, together with 10 first steps in entrepreneurship by PhD students from ENSTA Bretagne choosing startup issues in the "bi- and other establishments. bliographic writing" project. • The students can also continue to nd develop their companies on their In the 2 year, volunteers internship, in semester 6, within the can experiment with framework of their End-of-Studies FOCUS entrepreneurship Project, and aim to join an incubator such as ENSTARTUPS at ENSTA • They can take part in the regional Bretagne. PATENTED INVENTION then national Entrepreneuriales Based on an idea of the startup competition. 2 teams from ENSTA IANIRA, a patent was registered Bretagne competed in 2019. by ENSTABretagne and granted at • A company creation seminar has the end of 2020. been started in partnership with The The associated licensing agreement Corner, and takes place within this was signed in January 2021, enabling private incubator, revealing another the markers for divers (ACTIUM environment to the students with its system) to be marketed. atypical premises. During the 3 days This innovative marker allows for of training, the students have to extended marking and geolocation solve an issue through validating the of a site underwater, with merits for need and rapidly prototyping a so- professional and amateur divers. lution (either hardware or software). 35 students took advantage.

TRAINING Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 27 28 LES FORMATIONS Rapport annuel ENSTA Bretagne HUMAN Let us hope that 2020 remains a of the school’s assessment, the teams devoted time, alongside AND SOCIAL year like no other, amid the fall- the other partner institutions, to SCIENCES out of the pandemic that has thinking about and drafting the taken such a human toll and given assessment documents for the research units (UMR IRDL and La- FoAP EA 7529 rise to challenging situations all bSTICC), doctoral schools (ED › page 44 over the world. SPIN, College doctoral de Bretagne) and National MECHANICAL At a much more local scale, ENSTA Bretagne’s Master Degrees (DNMs), SCIENCES research activities were impacted, particularly on an own or joint ac- INFORMATION during the first-semester lockdown. Experi- creditation basis. SCIENCES mental activities were put on hold, projects AND TECHNOLOGIES IRDL were conducted remotely and the teams found At a time of social methods for organizing tasks online to keep distancing, all of UMR CNRS 6027 scientific exchanges going. The importance these assessment Lab-STICC › page 30 projects were com- of maintaining social ties between professors, UMR CNRS 6285 PhD and post-doctoral students rose to the pleted on schedule. fore – and had probably not fully been grasped They are subject to vi- › page 36 before. sits by the HCERES committees (virtually, unfor- In the end, research activities kept going quite tunately), which started at well overall, and the effects of the crisis stem- the end of 2020 and are conti- med mainly from the few weeks or months of nuing into 2021. Such assessments and audits delay in the production of findings and study are important for continuing to accredit the reports. New projects and orders followed in different research facilities in which the school the second semester in particular. is participating for the 2022-2026 period. And In the short-term then, the consequences of the assessment of ENSTA Bretagne’s research the health crisis have not been too major, but strategy is relevant for planning the 2022-2026 developments in the economic situation over objectives and performance contract (COP) the coming year should be kept a close eye on. which binds the school to its supervisory au- thority. A growing, significant scientific output, 246 In 2020, preparations were made for the as- as well as a string of successes, is among the sessment of the school’s activities by the RESEARCH STAFF highlights of 2020. High Council for Evaluation of Research and AND DOCTORAL Higher Education (HCERES), particularly its re- • The IRDL thus joined the CARNOT ARTS Ins- STUDENTS search activities. Besides the research focus titute, renewed in February 2020, and which is ranked 6th out of 39 in terms of revenues. RESEARCH • The IRDL, in partnership with Safran Group and Naval Group, was one of the 5 winning 124 candidates to the ANR 2020 call for proposals on industrial chairs: the Self-Heating project, THESES in progress, on the study of materials’ and structures’ fa- defended and started tigue properties, is the first such project to be awarded in the Brittany region, since ANR chairs were set up back in 2011. • Finally, the school has significantly stren- 12,4 M€ gthened its foothold in the field of defense CONTRACTS WORTH activities, via the launch of 12 new research notified in 2020 projects financed by the Defense Innovation Agency (AID)

Yann Doutreleau 150 Scientific Director PUBLICATIONS and papers ENSTA BretagneRESEARCH Rapport Annual annuel Report LES ENSTA FORMATIONS Bretagne 29 at conferences RESEARCH (IRDL figures/ ENSTA Bretagne)

67 PEER-REVIEWED Dupuy de Lôme IRDL PUBLICATIONS research institute / MECHANICAL UMR CNRS 6027 institut Carnot ARTS 53 SCIENCES THESES SUPERVISED

PROFILE Created on 1 January 2016, the IRDL is a mechanical science DIGITAL laboratory of scientific excellence 5,95 M€ and international and national APPROACH NOTIFIED, renown. (Identification CONTRACTS The result of the merger of well- and processing tools, known laboratories, it unites the model implementation…) research teams of 2 universities THEORETICAL and 2 graduate schools : UBS, APPROACH IRDL SCIENTIFIC PROJECT UBO, ENSTA Bretagne and ENIB. (ad hoc model It is a CNRS joint research unit and model Materials and Mechanical (UMR 6027), belonging to the engineering) Systems Engineering. INSIS. The IRDL is appreciated for its ambitious and original EXPERIMENTAL scientific project, the good balance between its preliminary 300 members, including and applied studies, the numerous interactions with companies 120 doctoral students. APPROACH and the quality of its training through research. (every scale The UMR is organized in 5 Key Research Clusters: Approximately publica- 200 has its test…) • PTR1 : Composites, nanocomposites, biocomposites. tions in peer-reviewed internatio- • PTR2 : Multi-Material Assemblies. nal journals/year. • PTR3 : Structures, Fluids and Interactions. • PTR4 : Energetic Systems and Thermal Processes. The leading Breton • PTR5 : Behavior and Durability of Heterogeneous Materials. laboratory in terms ENSTA Bretagne mainly contributes to clusters of proportion and volume of 2, 3 and 5 and to a lesser extent, to cluster 1. industry-linked theses (cf. DRRT Report 2018: 30% of 3 transversal axes, each attached to an industrial sector, doctoral students under a CIFRE2 are favored and confer upon the IRDL its unique position contract with a company). ENSTA Bretagne in France. nd • SEA : offshore, naval construction, MREs. irdl.fr is the 2 most prolific • TRANSPORT : automobile, aeronautics contributor to the IRDL. ” • DEFENSE : naval, land.

30 RESEARCH Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne CONTACT Sylvain CALLOCH University professor, Deputy Director of IRDL [email protected] MEMORABLE MOMENTS OF 2020 T. +33 (0)2 98 34 87 23 On January 1, 2020, the IRDL NEW "SELF-HEATING" ANR INDUSTRIAL joined the Carnot ARTS Institute CHAIR WITH NAVAL GROUP & SAFRAN: This institute (ARTS stands for Research Activities for Tech- predict the in-service performance nology and Society) aims to develop cutting-edge research of air and naval systems directly linked to the major industrial issues of the future. IC ARTS was one of the first institutes to be awarded the Car- Led by ENSTA Bretagne (Dupuy de Lôme Research Institute), not label by the Ministry of Higher Education and Research two industrial leaders and including the Institut P’, the "Self back in 2006: this is a guarantee of scientific excellence and Heating" industrial chair has been accepted by the National quality to encourage partnership-based research to deve- Research Agency (ANR). • lop. • Total budget: €2,050,000, jointly financed by the ANR (50%), Naval Group and Safran (50%). Inauguration of a 2nd research building dedicated to mechanical sciences • Duration: 4 years, from December 1, 2020 • Dedicated team: 8 theses and 4 post-doctorates, supervised Significant, high-performing experimental facilities have by 13 researchers been scaled up for characterization, mechanical loading and metrology. These are wide-ranging and all brought together • Title: characterization, modeling and rapid prediction of ma- on the ENSTA Bretagne campus within the MASMECA tech- terials’ high cycle fatigue properties by thermometric mea- nology platform. surements Thanks to the CPER Regional Development Plan and the • Objectives and method: measure the heat signature of the DGA, this second building (1,600 sq.m.) and new facilities fatigue mechanisms of materials for naval and air applica- TriboIndenter for mechanical testing at the were delivered at the start of 2020. tions, in order to swiftly predict and determine the high cycle nanometric scale (microstructure of materials) fatigue properties of these materials. • On the ground floor, the rooms are dedicated to mechanical testing on dynamic and energy phenomena, with such The “self-heating" method entails observation of the tempera- equipment as a shock tubes, Taylor impact test guns and ture curve of a material subject to repeated efforts which lead a pyrotechnics area. to its fatigue, under precise experimental conditions, in order to deduce its life span and predict weak points. The rapidity of • On the first floor, in addition to the researchers’ and study and precision of the findings are strengths for industry. PhD students’ offices, is a series of specialist technical rooms for studying materials and assemblies at the • The digital models thus generated inform design office cal- microstructure scale (observation of mechanical and culation codes, in order to delay and avoid damage when de- physicochemical properties°. Examples of equipment: signing a vessel, submarine or aircraft. a triboIndenter (for measuring the extent of heteroge- • Safran and Naval Group are committed to extending this neity of a material’s mechanical properties, at the mi- scientific approach to all of the materials used in their res- cro- and nanometric scale), a scanning electron mi- pective applications and to looking at the parameters acting croscope (for observing a material’s physical reaction on the fatigue of their materials (temperature, manufacturing at atomic scale), a DVS instrument (for very precisely "Self Heating" ANR Chair with Naval Group process, type of loading, surface treatments and so on). and Safran: predict the in-service performance measuring how much water a material absorbs), etc. of mechanical systems. Find out more about the experimental facilities in mechanical sciences on page 35 + masmeca.ensta-bretagne.fr

A second 1,600 sq.m. building

RESEARCH Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 31 RESEARCH CONTACT David THEVENET [email protected] T. +33 (0)2 98 34 88 07

MULTI-MATERIAL ASSEMBLIES

Durability measurements and testing of bonded assemblies (see focus) (PTR2)

KEY RESEARCH THEMES RESEARCH PROGRAMS

# assembling # bonding # welding The aims of the IDRL research cluster "Multi-Mate- • Thermal and mechanical characterization of aluminum/ steel multi-material assemblies for automobiles: AM2 pro- # sintering # additive manufacturing rial Assemblies" are the innovation of assemblies, the characterization of their longterm durability ject (body-in-white Automobile Multi-materials Multi-pro- # multi-materials cesses); financed by BPI, PSA. in extreme environments and the development of hybrid techniques. • Characterization and modeling of the behavior of thick bonded interfaces and/or in the presence of highly flexible • Studying and optimizing assembly procedures by assem- adhesives: COCOA project (ThiCk BOnded Joint under Com- bling different types of materials, treated with new surface plex LOAding); financed by Carnot ARTS Institute, Brittany 21 STAFF preparations. Region and Département of Finistère. including 10 • Examining assemblies throughout, using instrumentation • Development of technological testing to validate the beha- DOCTORAL STUDENTS (FGB, QRS, CIN…) and original experimental initiatives vior modeling of impact effects on an adhesive; financed • Developing sizing tools for adhesively-bonded assemblies by SAFRAN Composites. Development of a multi-material including the parameters associated with bonding proce- structural bonded assembly providing ballistic protection; dures. financed by DGA, with 2CA. 17 PUBLICATIONS • Characterizing the performance of assemblies in harsh • Analytical modeling of the plastic buckling of hulls under in peer-reviewed environments over the long term. pressure; financed by CETIM. journals • Developing hybrid techniques (weld bonding etc) for • European "RAMSSES" project: study of composite/steel multi-material structures to obtain high performance joints (see page 35) material characteristics. 1 THESIS DEFENDED IN 2020

FOCUS • Vincent DUMONT (CIFRE Safran Reosc): "Durability of glass-metal adhesives for space optics in thermal environ- DURABILITY OF BONDED MULTI-MATERIAL STRUCTURES ments” This thesis applies to the ELT (extremely large teles- TO CAPTURE MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES cope), a revolutionary giant telescope which will be installed in northern Chile, at an altitude of 3,060 m. This ANR France Energies Ma- a major challenge. These struc- Drawing on a wide range of rines INDUSCOL project (2016- tures are manufactured using experimental findings and ins- 2 NEW THESES 2020), brings together ENSTA combinations of materials, of- trumentation of the adhesive Bretagne, UBS, the University of ten assembled by structural line by different sensors, digital • Thomas Fkyerat (Brittany region and Brest métropole Nantes and Naval Group. David adhesive. The study bore on the models have been developed to grants): "Optimization, characterization and modeling of Thevenet, scientific and techni- long-term performance of the predict the change in mechani- metal thermoplastic composite hybrid assemblies" cal lead on the project: "Offshore adhesive line in a bid to foster cal resistance of the bonded as- • Andreea Gabriela Tintatu (contract DGA, Thales): "Simpli- durability of MRE structures over the introduction of innovative sembly over time. fied modeling of bond assemblies for the mechanical cha- periods of up to 15 years remains multi-material structures. racterization of adhesives and substrate-bond interfaces and analysis of their aging."

32 RESEARCH Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne CONTACT RESEARCH Nicolas JACQUES [email protected] T. +33 (0)2 98 34 89 36 © SOLIDSAIL

STRUCTURE, FLUIDS & INTERACTIONS (PTR3)

KEY RESEARCH THEMES 3 THESES DEFENDED IN 2020

The research focuses on fluid-structure interac- • Pierre LEGRAND (Cifre NECS): “Setup of a methodology # modeling # digital simulation tions, the dynamic behavior of materials and for predicting the effects of explosions on civil engineering infrastructure". # experimental mechanics structures and detonics. The applications are for • Yumna QURESHI (with HEC, Campus France): "Develop- materials and structures naval architectures, marine energies, defense, # ment of a sensitive, robust system of sensors to monitor # dynamics # shocks aerospace, automobiles as well as manufacturing the deformation of composite structures in real time." (PTR processes. 1 composites). # impacts # structure-fluid interactions • Naval hydrodynamics and the study of the response of • Corado NINGRE (with Grenoble-Alpes Univ.): "Modeling of structures in interaction with fluids. multiaxial cyclic elastoplastic behavior by a multisurface • Characterization and modeling of the response of approach in the space of deformations”. 47 STAFF metallic and composite materials and structures including 20 subjected to dynamic loading. 4 NEW THESES DOCTORAL STUDENTS • Study and modeling of impact phenomena and explosions in complex environments.. • Mathieu GORON (ONERA, Ifremer): "Oblique hydrodynamic impacts in rough seas". • Antoine POIROT (Estaca): "Development and modeling of 35 PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH PROGRAMS functional structures based on the implementation of pie- in peer-reviewed zoresistive syntactic foams. Application to the monitoring of journals structures subject to shocks". HYDRODYNAMIC • Agathe DE LA HOUGUE (IFREMER/Ecole navale): "Parame- • STADINAV: Probabilistic analysis of the non-linear rolling tric optimization of foils Application to the Olympic sail". + 4 DOCTORAL motion of vessels subject to irregular wave swell [Financed • Marion BRATEAU (CIFRE CTAI): "Modeling of multiphysical coupling during an interior ballistic cycle in next-generation STUDENTS belonging by AID, in conjunction with Ecole navale]. to PTR1 Composites This project sets out to develop new methods for predicting ammunition". the risk of vessels capsizing. • DIMPACT: Sizing of floating wind turbines with account taken of wave breaking and impacts [Financed by ANR / FOCUS France Energies Marines] • OPTIFOIL: Parametric optimization of foils; application to SOLID SAIL 2.0, 100% COMPOSITE RIGID SAIL the Olympic sail [Financed by the Carnot ARTS and MERS The traction of the sailing cruise facturers,the researchers have behavior and tested it on a 1:5 Institutes, with Ecole navale and IFREMER] vessel "SILENSEAS" (Chantiers modeled theirdesign: they have scale prototype. The "Jibsea" PYROTECHNICS de l’Atlantique) will be ensured designed computational chain program is poised to take over by innovative rigid sails. factoring in the expected trac- in 2021. • TRIBAL: Transparent composite ballistic protection [Fi- Together with the future manu- tion performances and wind nanced by ANR ASTRID] • Scientific cooperation with Nobel Sport, Eurenco, www.ensta-bretagne.fr/en/solid-sail-20-100-composite-rigid-sail Livbag, etc.

RESEARCH Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 33 RESEARCH CONTACT Sylvain CALLOCH [email protected] T. +33 (0)2 98 34 87 23

BEHAVIOR AND DURABILITY Temperature measurement during fatigue tests on welded assemblies. OF HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS (PTR5)

KEY RESEARCH THEMES 5 THESES DEFENDED IN 2020

Research focuses on the assessment, measure- • Cédric BAIN (CIFRE Inorope): "Understanding and modeling # fatigue # aging # fatigue ment, modeling and prediction of the integrity of the contact mechanisms of cables in Ultra High Molecular resistance # modeling # testing of materials, structures and electromechanical Weight Polyethylene for naval applications" systems. • Loïc CARTERON (CIFRE Naval Group): "Contribution of temperature field measurements under cyclic loading to characte- • Fatigue and self-heating of materials and structures rize and model the fatigue properties of welded assemblies" (metals, composites and organic materials) 28 STAFF • Yoan CHEVILLOTE (with France Energies Marines and IFRE- including 19 • Behavior and fatigue of active materials (piezoelectric or MER): “Characterization of the long-term mechanical behavior memory-shape materials) DOCTORAL STUDENTS and durability of polyamide mooring cables for floating wind • Thermal and marine aging of organic materials. turbines (Marine Renewable Energies)" • Non-linear behavior of heterogeneous materials. While • Prashant SANTHARAM (CIFRE Vibracoustic): "Thermomecha- answering fundamental scientific questions, this applied nical investigation for the fatigue sizing of short fiber reinforced 15 PUBLICATIONS research is led with European industries in many sectors, thermoplastic parts for automotive applications“ in peer-reviewed in particular the automobile, aeronautical, and energy • Vincent ROUE (CIFRE Safran Aircraft Engines): "Rapid deter- sectors, and material suppliers. mination of the high-cycle fatigue properties by self-heating journals measurements under cyclic loading: application to metal alloys for aeronautical turbojet engines." 6 NEW THESES

FOCUS • Vanessa KWIATKOWSKI (CIFRE Safran Landing Systems, "self-heating" chair): "Fatigue in short-fiber thermoplastic TAKING THE TEMPERATURE OF VESSELS composites for aeronautical applications subject to complex TO PREDICT THEIR LIFE SPAN pressure loading" • Ewann GAUTIER (AMERICO contract): “A simplified approach For 15 years, with fewer samples, These huge, complex steel latively weak, but repeated time for complex cyclic loading fatigue life calculation in a confined less time but more precision, structures are primarily assem- and again, which generates a self-heating testing has been bled by welding. At sea, the fatigue characterized by a rise plastic zone” advancing knowledge of the welds are very often the weak in temperature. • Corentin GUELLEC (CIFRE Naval Group): "The fatigue life of in-service performance of ma- point where cracks begin. Such self-heating measure- high-cycle naval application drive shafts“ terials and assemblies for naval, The challenge for engineers ments are then analyzed, set- • Enora BELLEC (CIFRE Groupe PSA, OpenLab "Computational inland and air applications. involves designing the hulls of ting the stage for predictions of Mechanics"): "Load spectrums for the mechanical sizing of an Loïc Carteron, PhD student: “We vessels by guaranteeing the the in-service life span." automotive vehicle" analyze the temperature curves longest life span possible. • Antoine LE PALABE (region grant, UBS): "Residual stress and of parts to identify the weak We supply these prediction mo- points and avoid damage from dels. For that, lab testing repro- fatigue of composites - Application to competitive sailing" the design stage. duces the stress that the parts • Laure CIVIER (FEM grant): "Monitoring of polyamide mooring endure at sea: this stress is re- lines for offshore wind turbines."

34 RESEARCH Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne CONTACT RESEARCH Cédric DOUDARD [email protected] T. +33 (0)2 98 34 89 27

BEHAVIOR AND DURABILITY GUSTAVE ZÉDÉ JOINT LABORATORY OF HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS (PTR5) (NAVAL GROUP, ENSTA BRETAGNE)

EUROPEAN "RAMSSES" PROJECT HOLLOW PROPELLER OBTAINED FROM FOR FUTURE SHIP DESIGN METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING Additive manufacturing could replace current processes (casting) for producing marine propellers. A hollow blade # added value # transfer "RAMSSES" is aimed at enhancing the life span of naval obtained from metal additive manufacturing, produced by # modeling # characterization structures while reducing their environmental footprint. Naval Group and Centrale Nantes, has been tested at ENSTA # fatigue # materials # assemblies This involves incorporating lightweight materials for en- Bretagne. hancing the mechanical performances of ships. # additive manufacturing # steel The 3D metal printing process paves the way to innovative # composites # naval The teams are conducting experimental research and mode- geometric forms but also raises new mechanical ques- ling on issues associated with the resistance and durability tions. The complex gross area reveals the layers of material of materials used in the military naval industry. deposited, and the thermal background of these parts also • 36 partners across 12 countries brings new properties to the fore. New models and testing are therefore necessary to take these characteristics into • €13.5m total budget over 4 years account when sizing the propeller. • 13 research strands, 2 of which are led by ENSTA Bretagne "GUSTAVE ZEDE" JOINT LAB and Naval Group Vidéo : youtu.be/5FHejypT1SA • Set up in 2015 at ENSTA Bre- COMPOSITE USE tagne, this lab relies on the Du- FOR SUPERSTRUCTURES MODELING AND TESTING puy de Lôme Research Institute (CNRS joint research institute). Also involving the Bureau Veritas, the end goal of this subject • These structures were modeled with account taken of • This joint R&D initiative enables is the use of lightweight parts located above the ship’s deck, the complexity of the materials and repetitive cyclic loa- the development of innovative by replacing the steel walls with composite walls. New mate- ding they will undergo. tools to assist in the sizing of na- rial use brings into the equation the mechanical resistance • Tests were then performed on the multiaxial platform*, val structures subject to extre- and durability of composite/steel mixed assemblies. by reproducing the actual loading. Composite panel core me loading. T-shaped test specimens representing a deck/superstructure measurements and surface observations of the blade • Modeling and experimental re- joint, comprising a steel base plate and composite panel, revealed the areas and conditions in which the first search aim to predict fatigue re- were produced by Naval Group. Various steel/composite defects appear, confirming the relevance of the digital sistance. joints could thus be tested at ENSTA Bretagne: riveting, bon- prediction models with which manufacturers will be equipped. • Different research programs are ding or mixed assembly. conducted, such as FRAPAN, IN- COLA, AMERICO and RAMSSES. Vidéo : youtu.be/EjHatFx0BW4 www.ensta-bretagne.fr/en/ gustave-zede-joint-laboratory

* The multiaxial platform is unique in Europe. It is one of the most impressive experimental facilities making up the outstanding RESEARCH Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 35 technology platform MASMECA located at ENSTA Bretagne. Find out more at: masmeca.ensta-bretagne.fr RESEARCH (chiffres Lab-STICC / site ENSTA Bretagne)

75 Knowledge, Information PUBLICATIONS and Communication LABORATOIRE Science and Technology Laboratory LAB-STICC UMR CNRS 6285 54 SUPERVISED THESES

PROFILE

PROFILE The Lab-STICC labora- rd €M 6,225 tory is a multidisciplinary center ENSTA Bretagne is the 3 NOTIFIED CONTRACTS of excellence, created in 2008. most prolific contributor Jointly supervised by the CNRS to the Lab-STICC and 5 Breton establishments, it unites research teams in information and communication THE LAB-STICC SCIENTIFIC PROJECT sciences and technologies in 3 graduate engineering schools and 2 universities: IMT Atlan- From sensors to knowledge : tique, ENSTA Bretagne, ENIB, communicate and decide. UBO and UBS. CNRS Fundamental and applied research unit, with a high level of interactivity with its socio-economic environment, the Lab-STICC Joint Research Unit 6285, is a fount of multiple extremely high level skills concerning digital the laboratory is attached to the and communicating systems. Its excellence and high rate of INS21 as its main institute and scientific output are the keys to its solid, international reputation. the INSIS as its second institute. The laboratory is organized in 11 teams, divided into 3 scientific departments, to which ENSTA Bretagne is a contributor: 577 staff, including 206 doctoral students. Approximately The lab is organized into several inter-institution teams working on different themes. Cross-cutting programs delve into such 500 publications /year. highly inter-disciplinary themes concerning society as: • aids for dependent people. www.labsticc.fr • cybersecurity and cyberdefense. • the Sea and the Information & Communication Science & Technology sphere. • the new methods of information processing and representation for artificial intelligence. • drone systems.

36 RESEARCH Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne RESEARCH

MEMORABLE MOMENTS OF 2020 CONSTRUCTIVE COLLABORATION WITH AUSTRALIA Benoît Clément, robotics professor at ENSTA What activities were you involved Bretagne, has also become an Associate Pro- in at Flinders university? fessor of Flinders University, after an 8-mon- “Besides the very different ways of working that I th research trip to this Australian university. was able to really get to grips with and which I will be able to share with our students, my activity was Benoit, how did this mobility come about? geared towards underwater robotics research. This "Everything began with Australian partners visiting Left to right: Karl Sammut (Flinders University) and Benoît was conducted jointly with students from Flinders Clément (ENSTA Bretagne & Flinders University) ENSTA Bretagne, especially Tony Kiriakou and Karl who came to France, at ENSTA Bretagne (Lab-STICC), Sammut from Flinders University. Karl and I have fol- on Nicolas Baudin scholarships. When they got back lowed very similar scientific pathways and we found to Australia, we were able to continue the research on we had research subjects to develop in common simulation tools for controlling autonomous marine straightaway. systems." Creation of the Group of Scientific At the same time, I led the construction of a joint la- What will you take away from this experience? Interest CORMORANT* by Thales boratory between ENSTA Bretagne, Naval Group and “It wasn’t easy to talk my family into leaving Aus- and academic partners of West Brittany. Flinders University, bearing on autonomous vessels. tralia!... Scientifically, constructive exchanges are With the all-round enthusiasm of my family, all we had continuing despite the distance. By organizing things December 9, 2020 to do was put the mobility actually into practice! differently and adopting a different mindset and way This is the 2nd GIS Thales has set up in France. This unique The DGA, Region of Brittany and ENSTA Bretagne were of thinking, ideas and our perception of the world can regional mechanism, with a national and international a great help in enabling this trip to go ahead smoothly. progress. Dedicated entirely to my research, this trip outreach, encourages close cooperation between all of the At the Australian end, Flinders University made first- was an opportunity to make progress on the links research stakeholders in West Brittany with a view to driving rate working tools available to me. Tony and Karl’s between automation, machine learning (AI) and op- forward innovation across 3 areas: support was also invaluable. timization. New research subjects are set to emerge with Flinders • smart processing and sensors University, in GNC (Guidance, Navigation and Control), • human-machine interfaces and human factors object classification and cybersecurity for example.” • autonomy of maritime systems Researchers from the PROJET CNRS, ENSTA Bretagne, IMT Atlantique, Brest National "MÉDITERRANÉE" SCIENTIFIC TEAMS TO School of Engineering (ENIB), UBO, UBS (which form the Le 29 sept. 2020, le WHICH ENSTA BRETAGNE Lab-Sticc) alongside those from the Naval Academy, ISEN directeur de l'ENS- and Thales form a world-ranking center of expertise for ma- TA Bretagne a signé CONTRIBUTES rine drone or electronic warfare programs. The international une convention de co-operative ventures involved are firmly geared towards partenariat avec Les équipes ENSTA Bretagne couvrent les 3 pôles Asia and Australia. la Fondation Van scientifiques du Lab-STICC et contribuent à 6 des 11 Allen (Université de équipes scientifiques et à 5 des 6 domaines trans- “SENI” joint laboratory with Naval Group Montpellier) en pré- verses. on Intelligent Naval Embedded Systems. sence d'Annick Gi- Statistical Methods, Observations and Processing The work in progress concerns systems for acquiring infor- rardin, ministre de TOMS : ("MATRIX" team from 2021). mation on the environment and vessel function, and imple- la Mer. Les travaux PRASYS : menting decision and action processes on board. de recherche portent sur l'amélioration des modèles PRASYS: Perception, Robotics, Autonomous SYStems ("AI” department and "MATRIX" team from 2021). météorologiques de prévision d'épisodes cévenols COM : The Naval Systems Cyberdefense (fortes précipitations). COM: Digital communication ("SI3" team from 2021). Chair With the support of the French Navy, the Region of Pierre Bosser, enseignant-chercheur pilote du projet : MOCS : MOCS: Systems, Circuits, Tools and Methods ("SHARP" department from 2021). Brittany and Cyber Center of Excellence, the Chair aims to « Une thèse a débuté en décembre 2020. Elle vise à protect digital equipment and detect cyberattacks in mari- améliorer les méthodes d'analyse des signaux GNSS PIM : PIM: Multi-Scale Interactions and Propagation. time systems. 10 theses are in progress, led by the 5 partners (GPS, Galileo, Glonass) mesurés par des antennes em- (Ecole navale, IMT Atlantique, Naval Group, Thales and ENSTA barquées en mer » . From 2021, the Lab-STICC is being reorganized into Bretagne). 6 new departments, including 17 new teams.

* CORMORANT "Collaboration for Research regarding Maritime technologies, RESEARCH Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 37 for Observation, security, and suRveillANce with Thales" RESEARCH CONTACT Angélique DRÉMEAU [email protected] T. +33 (0)2 98 34 89 71

PROCESSING, OBSERVATION AND STATISTICAL METHODS

SAR image of the Strait of Messina, captured on September 8, 1992 by the ERS-1 satellite (ESA)

KEY RESEARCH THEMES RESEARCH PROGRAMS

The Lab-STICC contributes to the methodological › IN SIGNAL PROCESSING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE # marine environment # radar image and practical aspects of signal and image data • Deep learning and marine environmental observation: de- (SAR/ISAR) # underwater bioacoustics processing, in underwater and air environments. tection and recognition of multiple objects on variable beds # passive acoustics # machine learning • Development of estimation methods, statistical detection by deep learning (with IRISA, UBO, UMR AMURE, MBDA); # deep learning # data science and acoustic and electromagnetic signal representation. physics-guided probabilistic deep learning for underwater acoustics (financed by DGA/AID). # big data # target recognition • Monitoring of the underwater environment : localization of acoustic sources, characterization of the environment, the • Drones and signal processing: digital analysis of drone data # fusion # decision support nature and evolution of the depths, detection and recogni- (ERDF). tion of objects, bathymetry, halieutic resource studies. • Acoustic data processing to characterize the marine envi- • Spaceborne and airborne remote sensing: space-time ronment; study of physical quantities relevant for machine estimation of geophysical fields and ecological dynamics; learning in underwater acoustics and fluctuating environ- 10 ARTICLES object detection and recognition (ships, planes etc); surveil- ments (financed by DGA/AID). articles in international lance of zones of interest (pollution etc). › IN BIOACOUSTICS & ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES conference proceedings • Contract with the Biodiversity Agency for passive acoustic surveillance of cetaceans in the second volume of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) established by members of the European Union. 17 STAFF including 10 FOCUS • OSMOSE (open science meets ocean sounds explorer): DOCTORAL STUDENTS collaborative underwater acoustics project for ocean obser- OCEAN FLUCTUATIONS vation (with IMT Atlantique, IUEM and Woods Hole Oceano- graphic Institution). The ocean is the scene of ranging from the descrip- all sorts of random physical tion of oceanographic phe- 10 PUBLICATIONS phenomena of unknown nomena to the proficient 4 THESES DEFENDED IN 2020 origin, which can alter the use of probabilistic algo- in peer-reviewed • Guillaume BEAUMONT (DGA contract): "Correction of the journals way in which soundwaves rithmic tools, via modeling are propagated there of sound propagation in a effects of decoherence induced by fluctuations of the pro- and thwart conventional random environment. The pagation environment”. approaches for locating French Naval Hydrogra- • Maëlle TORTEROTOT (Region grant): "Processing and ana- APPLICATIONS acoustic sources. ENSTA phic and Oceanographic lysis of bioacoustic signals in the southern Indian Ocean”. Bretagne and DGA Naval Service (Shom) and Thales • Paul NGUYEN HONG DUC Hong Duc (DGA grant): “Develop- Underwater bioacoustics, Techniques branch are are joining in this research ment of artificial intelligence methods for marine mammal the study and defense of developing new robust by jointly supervising a detection and classification of underwater sounds in a weak environments (underwater processing of such fluc- thesis from January 2021. supervision (but) Big Data-Expert context”. acoustics and radar). tuations, requiring steps • Antoine D'ACREMONT (CIFRE MBDA): "Recognition and identification of infrared imaging targets by deep learning".

38 RESEARCH Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne CONTACT RESEARCH Isabelle QUIDU [email protected] T. +33 (0)2 98 34 89 21

PROCESSING, OBSERVATION PERCEPTION, ROBOTICS AND STATISTICAL METHODS AND AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM

Drones d'observation marin et sous-marin pour la cartographie autonome du lac de Guerlédan. KEY RESEARCH THEMES 1 THESIS DEFENDED IN 2020

The development of algorithms for environment perception au- • Charles COQUET (CIFRE Thales) : “Multi-agent search of a tonomous robots is based on the mastery of three components: source by measurement of an associated scalar quantity”. # mobile robotics perception, action and their interaction. An autonomous per- autonomous system localization ception system must simultaneously analyze the data acquired 2 NEW THESES # # on its immediate environment and autonomously organize its # perception # control mission, in terms of piloting and navigation. The interaction between the robot and its environment is accomplished by • Nathan FOURNIOL (region and Thales): "Communication sensors. with autonomous naval intermediate relays (CORINA)." › RESEARCH THEME 1 "AUTONOMOUS ACTION" • Mohamed Ali GHANNAMI (jointly supervised by Laval Univ. in Quebec, Brittany region/IFQM grant): “Statistical infe- By using the results from perception, the system must deduce 29 STAFF including rence of water column height by radiometric and geometric the actions it requires to be able to accomplish its mission 14 DOCTORAL analysis of spectral images". according to certain criteria such as efficiency, safety, speed STUDENTS andeven energy consumption. › RESEARCH THEME 2 "AUTONOMOUS PERCEPTION"≫ FOCUS The system endeavors to understand its observations and for- mulate an accurate representation not only of the state but also UNIQUE EXPERTISE 10 ARTICLES in the uncertainty of its current environment. IN UNDERWATER ROBOTICS peer-reviewed journals and conference RESEARCH PROGRAMS Since September 2020, Si- ENSTA Bretagne is studying mon Rohou, professor of the challenges of autono- proceedings + 2 books KNOWLEDGE AND DESCRIPTION autonomous robotics, has mous, mobile and underwa- been leading the "Marine ter robotics: localization, OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT and underwater robotics" monitoring and coordina- APPLICATIONS • Projects conducted with the Shom: improve knowledge of sur- strand of the Robotics Re- tion of robots are particu- face current measurements by HF radar; bathymetric modeling search Group, set up by larly complex tasks to take the CNRS: "The aim is to up in the marine environ- Defense and security, by radiative inversion of multispectral images; study and pre- develop communication ment (little or no visibility, underwater archaeology, cise navigation simulation of AUVs in hydrography (Navidro). between stakeholders in no GPS for getting into posi- missions in hostile • DGA projects: Rapid project on autonomous navigation by vi- the field and to stimulate tion, etc.). The team designs environments. sual and acoustic recognition for relocation (NARVAL); conver- collaborative working wit- these robots and develops hin the French community. their embedded intelligence sion of existing underwater drones into connected objects able There is a wide variety of thanks to the multidiscipli- to conduct large-scale observation and evaluation missions of themes, such as exploration nary skills that can all be the underwater environment (PROTEUS). of underground lakes, deve- found on-campus: physics loping snake-shaped robots of the marine environment, OCEAN AND ATMOSPHERE inspired from life, searching sensors, mobile platform • Project financed by the CNRS National Institute for Earth for wrecks or collaboration design, programming, lo- Sciences and Astronomy (INSU) as part of the Ocean-Atmos- of underwater gliders and calization and control algo- mapping of the seafloor." rithms. phere program and “Fluid envelopes and the environment” (LEFE) study: the team has initiated the “GEMMOC” project on Offshore Embedded GNSS for Meteorology and Climatology.

RESEARCH Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 39 RESEARCH CONTACT Ali MANSOUR [email protected] T. +33 (0)2 98 34 87 88

DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

KEY RESEARCH THEMES RESEARCH PROGRAMS

The team is interested in statistical methods and › TELECOMMUNICATIONS blind source separation # signal processing algorithms, focusing on anten- • Estimating communication channel characteristics for bet- # higher order statistics na systems and the miniaturization of electronic ter broadcasting and information protection. # signal processing # robotics circuits. • Game theory for the development of protocols for tactical # telecommunications cognitive radio. # electronic warfare # cognitive FOCUS • Smart Antenna & Beamforming : the antenna must selfa- dapt to its environment radio # biomedicine - AIR GROUND INTERACTIONS AND • The Internet of Things and wireless network issues related LIAISONS FOR AIRCRAFT AT to the coexistence of machine-to-machine (M2M) and hu- LOW ALTITUDE man-to-human (H2H) communications. 20 STAFF including › AID project › MEDICAL APPLICATIONS 12 DOCTORAL (with the hopital des armees military hospital and CHRU The aim is to model the electromagnetic interactions UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF BREST) STUDENTS between a terminal on the ground and an aircraft (plane or drone) flying at low altitude, with account taken of the • The acquisition and processing of electrocardiograms of the terrain and more generally the ground irregularities for foetus and its mother using wireless sensors. a variety of settings (mountains, wooded areas, urban • Characterization and classification of deep vein thrombosis 9 PUBLICATIONS environments and so on). Such modeling should enable (blood clots). in peer-reviewed an assessment of the air-ground communication quality • The use of EEG (electroencephalographic) signals and EMG journals on aeronautical systems in landing or takeoff phases, or (electromyograms) for wheelchair control by the paraplegic.. during long-distance missions. + 1 conference paper • The use of EOG (electro-oculographic) signals for web page activation and surfing by the paralyzed: creation of an ECG 4 THESES DEFENDED IN 2020 sensor and simulator for the Faculty of Medicine. APPLICATIONS 2 NEW THESES • Mahmoud Al Masri (grant from Lebanon with the Lebanese Telecommunications, electronic University): "Gaming theory for tactical military communica- warfare, robotics, embedded tions”. • Aurélien OLIVIER (Brest Regional University Hospital, ENSTA systems, the Internet of Things, Bretagne): "Deep learning and methods for characterization • Jean-Marie Kadjo (grant from Cote d’Ivoire): "Spectral and of deep vein thrombosis by ultrasound and elastography" biomedicine… Temporal Analysis of Digital Communications Signals and Cognitive Radio Applications”. • David ABEZA (ENSTA Bretagne, Ecole navale): “Strengthe- ning the security of a wireless network’s physical layer by • Michel Ghattas Akkad (grant from Lebanon, Balamand Uni- advanced signal processing” versity): "Optimization and implementation of beam-forming algorithms on embedded systems". • Ms Moawad Azza (AAMSET, Egypt): “Reinforced approaches of spectral detection in the cognitive radio context: Identifi- 40 RESEARCH Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne cation of reliable spectral opportunities”. CONTACT RESEARCH Ciprian TEODOROV [email protected] T. +33 (0)2 98 34 89 53

TGCC Joliot-Curie supercomputer established at CEA KEY RESEARCH THEMES THESIS DEFENDED IN 2020

Their key focus is software engineering methodo- • Valentin BESNARD (contract CIFRE Davidson Consulting, logies. The applications are numerous : intelligent with ESEO): "Unifying analysis of embedded execution with # safety # security # embedded cities, connected houses, e-health, and defense. the help of a controllable model interpreter". Main findings: systems # system design # circuit All of these require connected, embedded systems. mathematical formalization of the software framework, virtualization model federation production of a "bare-metal" UML model interpreter and # The team is studying embedded systems from the point of assessment across several scenarios (automotive, rail, # formal verification view of their security, operating safety, energy consumption aeronautics, robotics). and performances, at multiple levels: • software: federation of heterogeneous models, formal verification techniques; 4 NEW THESES • hardware: securing of the compilation flow for circuits, 20 STAFF including 11 virtualization of reconfigurable architectures to design du- • Quentin DUCASSE (Brest, Cyber Center of Excellence): rable and secure systems on chip (SoC), variability mana- "Software-hardware deployment of secure virtual machines: DOCTORAL STUDENTS gement; Heterogeneous Risc-V Manycore Platform for the IoT”. • cross-cutting: data management, application storage, hard- • Matthias PASQUIER (CIFRE ERTOSGENER, with ESEO): ware support to guarantee quality of service. “Express consideration of an embedded operating system 19 ARTICLES in a cybersecurity certification process". in publications and RESEARCH PROGRAMS • Luis THOMAS ( (with the CEA): "Optimization of data placement in HPC storage systems via machine learning international conference mechanisms". • Execution and formal verification of models of systems proceedings developed using the NATO Architecture Framework (RAPID • Hiba HNAINI (with AID): "Toward a unifying framework for "VeriMoB" with PragmaDEV and AID). the specification, formalization and analysis of secure software and hardware architectures" (IFS2ALP project). • Securing architectures and operating safety: "JoinSafeCy- ber" (with ENSTA Paris and AID); test system and methodology for connected vehicles ("KER-SEVECO", with KEREVAL, FOCUS Mobility Tech Green and Brittany Region); securing Overlay architectures for digital circuits to remain operational over DATA MANAGEMENT AND STORAGE CYBER MARITIME long periods of time (with AID). A stack of CDs covering the equivalent distance of The team’s expertise in terms of IT and electronics 5 journeys from the Earth to the moon and back… is wide-ranging to tackle the field of cybersecu- • System and software security by contract (with AID). that’s how much data is expected to be stored rity. They benefit from an extensive range of cut- • Big data management and storage: "DataMeSS" (with worldwide by 2025! The priority is to ensure highly ting-edge facilities, acquired thanks to the CPER the CEA) on heterogeneous storage infrastructures; "IRT effective, safe and energy-efficient storage: defi- "Cyber-SSI" project. They particularly take up the SUPRA" (with IRT b-com) on the effective use of heteroge- ning placement strategies ("DataMess" strategy), challenges of France Cyber Maritime, a French neous computational resources in the "Cloud." supervision mechanisms ("IDIOM" project), etc. sector of excellence created at the end of 2020, to contribute to a safer digital maritime world. .

RESEARCH Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 41 RESEARCH CONTACT Ali KHENCHAF [email protected] T. +33 (0)2 98 34 88 45 MULTI-SCALE INTERACTIONS AND PROPAGATION

KEY RESEARCH THEMES RESEARCH PROGRAMS

Measurement campaign for the e-PANEMA project This research aims to integrate more artificial • e-PANEMA (cf. photos): e-positioning and navigation sup- intelligence in acquisition and exploitation systems port in the maritime environment (financed by Ademe ; with for radar type observations (airborne or satellite) SAFRAN,Diades Marine, ENSM). or GPS type geolocalization. • SLERECIM : The addition of GBS and GBL to the estimation of complex target reflectivity at sea (financed by DGA, AID, The teams orients its research towards the development OAR). and improvement of modeling and optimization tools for the sensors radar GNSS # # # representation and comprehension support of phenomena • DOREDO : Detection of obstacles by radar embedded on- # GE # propagation channel generated by the interaction of electromagnetic waves with drones (financed by DGA ; with CESTIM, CNAM Paris). # clutter # electromagnetic the environment. These phenomena are observed on diffe- • TAPERE : Scalable deep learning techniques for target modeling # target signature rent scales. detection and reconnaissance using heterogeneous data (financed by DGA, AID, I2R). # environment # remote sensing • Modeling and multi-physical, multi-scale electromagnetic simulation • CASSIOWPE: Characterization of atmosphere-sea surface # inversion # experiment • Propagation and interaction of waves with the environment interactions for the roll-out of offshore wind turbines in the (sea, atmosphere, land) Gulf of Lion (2020 – 2023, France Energie Marine, 15 national and international partners). • Modeling and simulation of microwave systems 3 STAFF including (link budget, remote sensing, microwave, experiments…) 2 THESES SUPPORTED IN 2020 5 DOCTORAL STUDENTS • Ngoc TAN TRUONG ((grant e-PANEMA, ADEME, with FOCUS SAFRAN, DIADES Marine and ENSM): "Multi-source hybridi- zation for improvement of detection, tracking, location and CHARACTERIZING MARINE WINDS positioning functions in difficult environments”. 115 PUBLICATIONS USING SATELLITE IMAGING • Antoine FOUCAULT (CIFRE Thales): "Detection of LPI ra- in peer-reviewed journals dars” CEPAMOCS project: Characterization and retrieval of hete- and international rogeneous sea surface parameters observed by different sa- conference proceedings tellite sensors. 1 NEW THESIS Financed by: AID, DGA, EGS. the objectives is to deter- High-resolution estimations mine which method yields • Aurélie PANETIER (region, ENSTA Bretagne, Van Allen of wind speed and direction the best results, particu- Foundation): "Embedded GNSS at sea for metrology and + 2 DOCTORAL from synthetic-aperture ra- larly when the resolution climatology: development of methods for analyzing GNSS dar (SAR) imaging are key grid is at a smaller scale. data acquired by antennas embedded out at sea for im- STUDENTS to characterizing a marine The precision, accuracy and provement of the trajectography and characterization of in the "Multiphysical environment in offshore or uncertainty of methods are atmospheric water vapor (Mediterranean project)” coastal areas. In this pro- compared through an eva- devices and interfaces" ject, several methods were luation and simulation stu- research team considered. What’s more, dy with Radar SAT2 data (in APPLICATIONS regarding wind direction the coastal area) and ano- estimations, a method to ther with Sentinel-1 data (in Radar : electronic warfare ; geolocalization and navigation, ; improve the spectral me- the offshore area). marine pollution ; surveillance ; maritime safety and security : thod with the Radon Trans- form is proposed. One of microwave remote sensing ; target detection/reconnaissance and tracking (using radar images/signals).

42 RESEARCH Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 5 strategic research projects represent €5.6m worth of new MULTI-SCALE INTERACTIONS equipment from 2015 to 2020 TEST FACILITIES IN ISTC AND (financed by the CPER1), AND PROPAGATION i.e. €460k in investments MECHANICAL SCIENCES for 2020. Assessment of the 2015-2020 CPER The State-Region Plan Contract (CPER), which has now ended, has enabled a significant FOCUS increase in research facilities in the strategic projects selected.

« CYBER SSI » « SOPHIE » The MASMECA technology platform Cybersecurity of software Microwave acquisition systems to cha- It occupies 1,200 m² of ENSTA Bretagne’s and physical systems. racterize the maritime environment under research institute. Its numerous experimen- Cybersecurity research at ENSTA Bre- different conditions tal facilities aim to characterize the mecha- tagne primarily focuses on the analog Total amount: €46k nical properties of all types of materials, chain (antennas and filters for secure Main acquisitions: assemblies and structures, on several scales, communication), computational devices • Equipment for production of the ac- studied by the IRDL Laboratory. (electronic chips), and development of quisition system (up/down converter software tools (secure system design, modules and broadband antennas). 5 experimental centers: synthesis of applications guaranteeing • Dynamic characterization respect for intellectual property, for- « I-ROMI » (high speed load tests) mal validation method analysis). Total Design of new, passive acoustic obser- amount: €2m vatories for monitoring and analyzing • Thermo-mechanical characterization Main acquisitions: ambient noise (geological phenomena, (controled environment and mechanical • Computer, virtualization server human activities and wildlife). condition loading) • Hardware emulator, hardware Total amount: €690k • Physico-chemical characterization accelerators Main acquisitions: (evaluating the effect of microstructure • Multi-channel data acquisition units for • SCADA (supervisory control and on the mechanical behavior of materials) data acquisition) platform locating marine mammals and vessels • Radiofrequency bench • Single-channel data acquisition units for • Measurements and observations long-term, continuous noise monitoring • Drones • Prototyping • Click detectors for monitoring the « SMD-MAR » acoustic location of small cetaceans. More info : masmeca.ensta-bretagne.fr Marine environment observation • Portable hydrophones http://bit.ly/MASMECAfr using autonomous robots. • Computational server This equipment enables the design and ENSTA Bretagne’s information testing of groups of autonomous drones, "ECO-SYS-MER" technologies resource center also across multiple environments (marine, The aim is to strengthen the reliability boasts extensive experimental facilities : underwater and air) for the exploration of marine mechanical systems, from • Anechoic chamber and surveillance of the marine environ- the scale of the material to that of the ment, with precision and in a repetitive system. • Soft Defined Radio Platform manner. The scientific challenges encom- Total amount: €2.075m • Drone systems and robotics area pass propulsion, navigation, acquisition Main acquisitions: and processing of information, sensors, • Test tank embedded intelligence and autonomy • Electromechanical compression/traction machine among others. Total amount: €865k • Hydrographic vehicles • Electrodynamic compression/traction Main acquisitions: fatigue machine • Cyber area ... • Acoustic sensors • Scanning electron microscope • CNC machine for rapid prototyping • X-ray diffractometer (XRD) • Multi-environment robotic platforms and drones • Micro-nano-tribo-Indenter • Instrumentation & Control mobile • Cameras (one infrared, two high-speed) station • Physicochemical analytical equipment (DSC, DVS), etc. RESEARCH Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 43 RESEARCH 109 MEMBERS, including. 45 DOCTORAL STUDENTS, 47 permanent members and 17 associate researchers.

Professional training FoAP RESEARCH including 10 and apprenticeships / HUMAN RESEARCHERS AND AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 16 DOCTORAL STUDENTS training UNIT in the engineer training and professionalization (FPI team) UE 7529

19 ARTICLES in publications and scientific chapter

PROFILE Created on 1 January 2019, FoAP replaced the CRF (Centre de FOAP SCIENTIFIC PROJECT Recherche sur la Formation Multi-supervisory and inter-regional, FoAP is the only laboratory to be dedicated to Training Research Center) It adult training and vocational training in France, and thus oversees a network of re- brings together the training and searchers on training questions in the broad sense, including initial vocational trai- education science teams from ning, higher education, lifelong learning, active apprenticeships and career paths. ENSTA Bretagne, Cnam Paris and At ENSTA Bretagne, the Engineer Training and Professionalization (FPI) Research AgroSup Dijon. Team focuses more particularly on engineers, especially from the point of view of responsible innovation training and sustainable development. Initial vocational trai- Under « Hosting Team » ning and continuing professional development have long been a focus of activity for status : EA 7529 the Ministry for the Armed Forces and Ministry for Food and Farming. The teams at the three establishments share the same vocational training culture, at a high level of expertise, across a wide variety of fields such as health, engineering, agronomy and It is under collegial governance. social work. Denis Lemaître, professor at ENSTA Bretagne was named as Three key themes: its director. • Designing training, learner knowledge and skill transmission, • Curriculum and identity dynamics, foap.cnam.fr • Activity and professional apprenticeship areas

CONTACTS Linda GARDELLE Professor, researcher and head of the Human and Social Sciences Department, head of the FIP team [email protected] T. +33 (0)2 98 34 89 05

Denis LEMAITRE Professor, researcher, 44 RESEARCH Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne director of the FoAP Laboratory [email protected] T. +33 (0)2 98 34 88 65 MEMORABLE MOMENTS OF 2020 ENGINEER TRAININGAND PROFESSIONALIZATION (FPI TEAM)

RIIME PHC Maghreb Project can engineers’ training in innovation. engineering students at European le- The socioeconomic scene in Morocco vel about their perception of the trai- FPI TEAM « Recherche sur les Ingénieurs et la is thriving, with major development ning delivered in their institutions; and formation à l’Innovation au Maghreb projects open to the whole of Africa a qualitative study among faculty at 12 SCIENTIFIC PROJECT face aux enjeux Environnementaux » and inspiring debates across higher European engineering schools about Consider the engineering profes- (RIIME) (Research on Engineers and education. The engineering schools the teaching they give to train their stu- The team Innovation Training in the Maghreb fa- sion and its training. are looking to adapt to be able to take dents in sustainable development. The is looking at the relationship cing Environmental Issues) is a project up the challenges of such a develop- findings were shared during three Eu- between the social and the which is financed by the French Forei- ment and are seeking to train innova- ropean workshops, a symposium in the technical sides, from the point gn Ministry, via CAMPUS France, the tive-minded engineers. What is distinc- context of the SEFI 2020 conference, of view of identities, knowledge, Algerian Ministry for Higher Education tive about Imane Zergout’s thesis is its four papers and five pan-European organizations and learning. It is and Research, the Moroccan Ministry multidisciplinarity. online webinars. It became clear that taking on board the sociocultural for Research and Higher Education and there is a need to redesign programs dynamics from the micro level the Tunisian Ministry for Research and She has harnessed industrial enginee- so as to train future engineers who are (e.g.: the individual before the Higher Education. This project, which ring, innovation engineering and the empowered with all the skills required technical system) to the macro comprises 7 theses, studies the Ma- education sciences. This has been pos- to resolve the challenges of sustainable level (e.g.: global development ghreb, however, the questions raised sible thanks to the joint supervision set development. The A-STEP2030 project in engineering training systems). may also be pertinent to France and up: the thesis was supervised by Souad is seeking to come up with innova- Training responsible innova- Europe. The objective is to improve the Ajana and Soumia Bakkali, both mecha- tive teaching methods that are closely tors, ready for action in favor of contribution of scientific and technical nical engineering professors at ENSEM aligned with these objectives. sustainable development The training, to the training of responsible Casablanca (Engineering Training Re- various research projects in pro- innovators, aware of major contem- search Team) as well as by Catherine www.astep2030.eu/en gress bear on engineers’ training porary issues, in a context of complex Adam, a researcher in the education in responsible innovation. The relations between the needs in the sciences at ENSTA Bretagne (FoAP lab). « L codent L créent » project team is working on developing a field (companies/states/society), the « L codent L créent » project This pro- sociotechnical approach to pro- developments in engineer training, and Projet A-STEP2030 ject is both a training and research blems, combining the technical, the extremely strong influence of inter- initiative. The percentage of female The ERASMUS+ project « Attracting economic, legal, human, social, national reference bodies which want engineering students is growing (27% diverSe Talent to the Engineering Pro- environmental, political and ethi- to extend their influence and compete of girls on average in 2016 /2017 com- fessions of 2030 » unites higher edu- cal considerations… (CTI, ABET, CIDO etc). cation institutions promoting innova- pared with 19.9% in 1990/1991), but this development is not equally spread over The mobility programs and surveys tion for training responsible engineers, all areas. Research supports the idea planned in 2020 were disrupted by the able to respond to the societal challen- that the image and perception of the successive lockdowns, but 2 theses ges raised by sustainable develop- digital sector is the main explanation were defended. The project will be fina- ment. More than 50 researchers and for this gap. Programming workshops lized in 2021. teachers from 6 European countries came together. The project consor- for the high school girls of 6 establish- tium comprises seven members: ENSTA ments in the Brest area (3 in socially de- Bretagne (France), Dublin Institute of prived areas), led exclusively by female 1 THESIS DEFENDED Technology (Ireland), Aalborg University undergraduates and from graduate en- IN 2020 (Denmark), Helsinki Metropolia Univer- gineering schools, were set up to try to sity (Finland), Universum (Sweden), SEFI change this image. From a sociological (European Society for Engineering Edu- perspective of actors- actresses, this • Imane Zergout (RIIME project, jointly cation) and BEST (Board of European project aims to investigate the way in supervised with Hassan II University in Students of Technology) from Belgium. which the people involved in this initia- Casablanca) "training of engineers in The project is coordinated by ENSTA tive give meaning to their commitment innovation". Bretagne, headed by Klara Kövesi. In and their actions. She outlines a continual improvement 2020, two European studies were un- www.ensta-bretagne.fr/en/l-codent- approach for improving future Moroc- dertaken: a quantitative survey asking l-creent-project

RESEARCH Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 45 STATUTS STAFF CAMPUS 2 % 2 % Key spatial developments of 2020 include: • the interior layouts and installation of new experimental facilities at the research center 37 % • repair work on a damaged research space 59 % • investments for distance and blended learning • renovation of a square and the stadium • studies have begun on construction of a dedicated building for training, research and experimentation in robotics. contract workers civil servants operators military staff

STAFF BUDGET : M€ 24,8 NUMBERS (CASH CREDITS 2019) (NOT COUNTING MISSIONS DOCTORAL STUDENTS) RESSOURCES EXPENSES 11 % A multi-disciplinary Subsidy from the Ministry Staff 31 % for Armed Forces team of 244 people › 75 lecturers 24 % 16,7 M€ (25 of which accredited doctoral M€ 14,9 supervisors)

Other resources Operating costs › 25 teachers (research, training …) › 20 technicians research engineers 5,8 M€ › 27 29 % M€ 9,6 › 20 post-doctoral researchers Administration & support services Equity Investments › 77 support and supervisory staff (including 2 apprentices) Mechanical Sciences & Technologies Department and supply teachers 0,3 M€ 2,3 M€ › 320 Information Science & Technologies Department Human and Social Sciences 46 CAMPUS Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne Department 1/3 of the application projects aim to reduce the environmental footprint SUSTAINABLE

ENSTA Bretagne has created 4 new "cordées DEVELOPMENT de la réussite" mentoring schemes with high schools and secondary schools in finistère. & SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

ACTING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ENSTA Bretagne is ENSTA Bretagne trains future innovators, responsible contributing to the engineers prepared to act for sustainable development. discussions by sustainable In the first year, cross-disciplinary training is given on development and social "An Engineer’s Key Challenges", and this year the thematic focus was waste. The training continues in the engineering responsibility leaders of projects undertaken in the second and third year. the association of grandes It is also at the heart of many mechanical science, information ecoles (CGE). technology and human science research programs. • The design of less energy consuming transport systems. In september 2020, • The reduction of the environmental impact of cities and the encouragement of « intelligent » services. it responded to the grand baromètre survey of the • The detection of pollution on ocean surfaces. student movement "for an • The development of marine renewable energies ecological awakening” • The measurement of the impact of climate change. (national survey on good • The monitoring and tracking of marine mammal populations sustainable development • The heightening of student awareness of the need for sustainable development in all their engineering projects. and social responsibility SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TRACK RECORD • Humanities research on training in responsible innovation. practices in higher ENSTA Bretagne defends the values of openness, tole- education). rance, diversity and is pro-active in reducing inequalities and ensuring the well-being of everyone at work. • Preventing and combating harassment and all forms of discrimination (« stopdiscri » network). New ambitions in connection • Encouraging and endorsing citizenship and solidarity with these themes are in the commitments on the part of the students. pipeline (COP 2022-2026). • Changing attitudes to disability and informing future engineers of how to receive people with disabilities in the professional environment • Stimulating the interest of young girls in science and A "workplace equality" engineering to improve the gender balance in these correspondent has been careers. appointed, in addition to the network against harassment and discrimination For more diversity in digital technology, female students are running workshops for female secondary school students ("L codent L créent" program).

CAMPUS Annual Report ENSTA Bretagne 47 www.ensta-bretagne.fr/en 29806 Brest Cedex 09 2, rueFrançois Verny DE TECHNIQUES AVANCÉES BRETAGNE ÉCOLE NATIONALE SUPÉRIEURE

ENSTA Bretagne communication service - March 2021 - Photos : Julien Ogor / studio-lambe.com ; Loïse Barbé, Simon Rohou and communication service for ENSTA Bretagne ; other credits stated on photos. Creation : Alexis Chenal - Printed by: Cloître imprimeur As part of our sustainable development approach, this document is printed on PEFC paper with vegetable inks. This is a non-contractual, non-binding document, and is provided solely for information purposes.

ENSTA BRETAGNE ANNUAL REPORT 2020