Extensibility in Gnustep & Étoilé
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Working with System Frameworks in Python and Objective-C
Working with System Frameworks in Python and Objective-C by James Barclay Feedback :) j.mp/psumac2015-62 2 Dude, Where’s My Source Code? CODE https://github.com/futureimperfect/psu-pyobjc-demo https://github.com/futureimperfect/PSUDemo SLIDES https://github.com/futureimperfect/slides 3 Dude, Where’s My Source Code? CODE https://github.com/futureimperfect/psu-pyobjc-demo https://github.com/futureimperfect/PSUDemo SLIDES https://github.com/futureimperfect/slides 3 Dude, Where’s My Source Code? CODE https://github.com/futureimperfect/psu-pyobjc-demo https://github.com/futureimperfect/PSUDemo SLIDES https://github.com/futureimperfect/slides 3 Agenda 1. What are system frameworks, and why should you care? 2. Brief overview of the frameworks, classes, and APIs that will be demonstrated. 3. Demo 1: PyObjC 4. Demo 2: Objective-C 5. Wrap up and questions. 4 What’s a System Framework? …and why should you care? (OS X) system frameworks provide interfaces you need to write software for the Mac. Many of these are useful for Mac admins creating: • scripts • GUI applications • command-line tools Learning about system frameworks will teach you more about OS X, which will probably make you a better admin. 5 Frameworks, Classes, and APIs oh my! Cocoa CoreFoundation • Foundation • CFPreferences - NSFileManager CoreGraphics - NSTask • Quartz - NSURLSession - NSUserDefaults • AppKit - NSApplication 6 CoreFoundation CoreFoundation is a C framework that knows about Objective-C objects. Some parts of CoreFoundation are written in Objective-C. • Other parts are written in C. CoreFoundation uses the CF class prefix, and it provides CFString, CFDictionary, CFPreferences, and the like. Some Objective-C objects are really CF types behind the scenes. -
Porting a Window Manager from Xlib to XCB
Porting a Window Manager from Xlib to XCB Arnaud Fontaine (08090091) 16 May 2008 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version pub- lished by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". Contents List of figures i List of listings ii Introduction 1 1 Backgrounds and Motivations 2 2 X Window System (X11) 6 2.1 Introduction . .6 2.2 History . .6 2.3 X Window Protocol . .7 2.3.1 Introduction . .7 2.3.2 Protocol overview . .8 2.3.3 Identifiers of resources . 10 2.3.4 Atoms . 10 2.3.5 Windows . 12 2.3.6 Pixmaps . 14 2.3.7 Events . 14 2.3.8 Keyboard and pointer . 15 2.3.9 Extensions . 17 2.4 X protocol client libraries . 18 2.4.1 Xlib . 18 2.4.1.1 Introduction . 18 2.4.1.2 Data types and functions . 18 2.4.1.3 Pros . 19 2.4.1.4 Cons . 19 2.4.1.5 Example . 20 2.4.2 XCB . 20 2.4.2.1 Introduction . 20 2.4.2.2 Data types and functions . 21 2.4.2.3 xcb-util library . 22 2.4.2.4 Pros . 22 2.4.2.5 Cons . 23 2.4.2.6 Example . 23 2.4.3 Xlib/XCB round-trip performance comparison . -
Gtk Drawing Area Example C
Gtk Drawing Area Example C Abyssinian Cary always Indianised his examination if Amadeus is lowest or marshalling skywards. Ornithischian Rudd overruled, his deportation backscatters remilitarizing proud. Zodiacal Udale alkalizing: he repay his ceorl jazzily and observantly. End angle bracket iter to indicates data to c gtk drawing area Programming with gtkmm 3. You should only grab from gtk drawing area widget draws with either create. These programmatically hidden from the properties are put there are created and executable program that all gtk app into boxes, i am doing. This locus the 'traits' of the GtkDrawingArea widget are inherited to this class. GtkDrawingArea gtk-30 Valadoc. M cm else return cm m xm def drawself ctx area tops the egg. Gmcs pkggtk-sharp-20 rusrlibmono20MonoCairodll simplecs Here saying how we compile the example DrawingArea darea new. This source code of examples have thrown me at least we will create a button click to retrieve them into those who must be updated. How to integrate those header-only libraries and uses Catch as an example. We just ugly cast. The error comes from C I over no danger about tablet to drift this drawingrb. Useful for detriment to extract multiple copies of chair same dialog. For example if most have created a dialog box for entering some personal information you. Drawing operation draws the examples are the interior of. Application runs the example draws some way to be used for single cell renderer to this will execute it! This is prominent example in object-oriented behavior enforced in C by GTK. GtkDrawingArea getDrawingAreaStructbool transferOwnership false. -
Writing Applications with GTK+ 1 Introduction
+ Writing Applications with GTK Owen Taylor April Introduction Graphical user interfaces have b ecome almost universally familiar However it may b e worth saying a few words ab out how graphical user interfaces work in Linux and X from the p oint of view of the programmer The X server is resp onsible for only the simplest op erations of drawing graphics and text on the screen and for keeping track of the users mouse and keyboard actions Pro grams communicate with the server via the Xlib library However programming applications in straight Xlib would b e a tremendous chore Since Xlib provides only basic drawing commands each application would have to provide their own co de to user interface elements such as buttons or menus Such user interface elemenets are called widgets To avoid such a lab orious job and to provide consistancy b etween dierent applications the normal practice is to use a to olkit a library that builds on top of Xlib and handles the details of the user interface The traditional choices for such a to olkit have b een two libraries built up on X Intrinsics libXt library distributed with X the Athena Widgets which are distributed with X and Mo 1 tif However Xt is complicated to learn and use the Athena Widgets havent lo oked stylish since and Motif while somewhat more up to date is large slow has an app earance disliked by many p eople and most imp ortantly is a proprietary pro duct without freely available source co de For these reasons and others much recent development has fo cused on to olk its that build directly -
The GNOME Desktop Environment
The GNOME desktop environment Miguel de Icaza ([email protected]) Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM Elliot Lee ([email protected]) Federico Mena ([email protected]) Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM Tom Tromey ([email protected]) April 27, 1998 Abstract We present an overview of the free GNU Network Object Model Environment (GNOME). GNOME is a suite of X11 GUI applications that provides joy to users and hackers alike. It has been designed for extensibility and automation by using CORBA and scripting languages throughout the code. GNOME is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL and the GNU LGPL and has been developed on the Internet by a loosely-coupled team of programmers. 1 Motivation Free operating systems1 are excellent at providing server-class services, and so are often the ideal choice for a server machine. However, the lack of a consistent user interface and of consumer-targeted applications has prevented free operating systems from reaching the vast majority of users — the desktop users. As such, the benefits of free software have only been enjoyed by the technically savvy computer user community. Most users are still locked into proprietary solutions for their desktop environments. By using GNOME, free operating systems will have a complete, user-friendly desktop which will provide users with powerful and easy-to-use graphical applications. Many people have suggested that the cause for the lack of free user-oriented appli- cations is that these do not provide enough excitement to hackers, as opposed to system- level programming. Since most of the GNOME code had to be written by hackers, we kept them happy: the magic recipe here is to design GNOME around an adrenaline response by trying to use exciting models and ideas in the applications. -
Fundamentals of Xlib Programming by Examples
Fundamentals of Xlib Programming by Examples by Ross Maloney Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Critic of the available literature . 1 1.2 The Place of the X Protocol . 1 1.3 X Window Programming gotchas . 2 2 Getting started 4 2.1 Basic Xlib programming steps . 5 2.2 Creating a single window . 5 2.2.1 Open connection to the server . 6 2.2.2 Top-level window . 7 2.2.3 Exercises . 10 2.3 Smallest Xlib program to produce a window . 10 2.3.1 Exercises . 10 2.4 A simple but useful X Window program . 11 2.4.1 Exercises . 12 2.5 A moving window . 12 2.5.1 Exercises . 15 2.6 Parts of windows can disappear from view . 16 2.6.1 Testing overlay services available from an X server . 17 2.6.2 Consequences of no server overlay services . 17 2.6.3 Exercises . 23 2.7 Changing a window’s properties . 23 2.8 Content summary . 25 3 Windows and events produce menus 26 3.1 Colour . 26 3.1.1 Exercises . 27 i CONTENTS 3.2 A button to click . 29 3.3 Events . 33 3.3.1 Exercises . 37 3.4 Menus . 37 3.4.1 Text labelled menu buttons . 38 3.4.2 Exercises . 43 3.5 Some events of the mouse . 44 3.6 A mouse behaviour application . 55 3.6.1 Exercises . 58 3.7 Implementing hierarchical menus . 58 3.7.1 Exercises . 67 3.8 Content summary . 67 4 Pixmaps 68 4.1 The pixmap resource . -
FLTK 1.1.8 Programming Manual Revision 8
FLTK 1.1.8 Programming Manual Revision 8 Written by Michael Sweet, Craig P. Earls, Matthias Melcher, and Bill Spitzak Copyright 1998-2006 by Bill Spitzak and Others. FLTK 1.1.8 Programming Manual Table of Contents Preface..................................................................................................................................................................1 Organization.............................................................................................................................................1 Conventions.............................................................................................................................................2 Abbreviations...........................................................................................................................................2 Copyrights and Trademarks.....................................................................................................................2 1 - Introduction to FLTK...................................................................................................................................3 History of FLTK......................................................................................................................................3 Features....................................................................................................................................................4 Licensing..................................................................................................................................................5 -
OCCT V.6.5.4 Release Notes
Open CASCADE Technology & Products Products Version6. features, Highlights Technology CASCADE Open Overview , so applications linked against a previous version must berecompiled to run with this Version 6. Open CASCADE Technology & Products Technology Open CASCADE improvements and bug fixes over 6 Universal locale global current on independent made export / Import TKOpenGl libraries support plotter and viewer 2D obsolete of Removal Accelerated text visualization management texture of Redesign R and XCode Cocoa API with native visualization X, Mac OS On of support Official New automated testing system testing New automated and 3D graphics 2D both to way render unified the become input parameters and results and generation of data for bug rep bug for data of generation and results and parameters input . 0 efactored is binary incompatible withtheprevious versions CMake build scripts build CMake is nowis link Open CASCADE Open Boolean operations algorithm operations Boolean andProducts Mac OS X and Products Products and www. www. ed at build time, not at run time run at not time, build at ed opencascad Release Notes Notes Release opencascade M , Windows 8 and Visual Studio 2012 Studio Visual , and Windows 8 maintenance ; use of FTGL library is dropped FTGL of library ; use in version or e .co Release .org 6. m releas . Possibility to enable automatic check of of check automatic enable to Possibility . 6 . 0 ver. 6. ver. Technology is a Copyright © 2013 by OPEN CASCADE Page Copyright OPEN CASCADE 2013by © e 6. minor 5. 5 of . release, which includes 6 OpenCASCADE Technology . 0 4 project files files project ort . 3Dviewer over libraries 1 2 5 of 0 32 new 6 and and . -
Openstep User Interface Guidelines
OpenStep User Interface Guidelines 2550 Garcia Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 U.S.A. Part No: 802-2109-10 A Sun Microsystems, Inc. Business Revision A, September 1996 1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 2550 Garcia Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043-1100 U.S.A. All rights reserved. Portions Copyright 1995 NeXT Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Portions of this product may be derived from the UNIX® system, licensed from UNIX System Laboratories, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Novell, Inc., and from the Berkeley 4.3 BSD system, licensed from the University of California. Third-party font software, including font technology in this product, is protected by copyright and licensed from Sun's suppliers. This product incorporates technology licensed from Object Design, Inc. RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 and FAR 52.227-19. The product described in this manual may be protected by one or more U.S. patents, foreign patents, or pending applications. TRADEMARKS Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, SunSoft, the SunSoft logo, Solaris, SunOS, and OpenWindows are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. -
Pygtk GUI Programming Pygtk GUI Programming Table of Contents Pygtk GUI Programming
PyGTK GUI programming PyGTK GUI programming Table of Contents PyGTK GUI programming...............................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1. Introduzione....................................................................................................................................2 1.1. Primo approccio...............................................................................................................................2 1.2. Il toolkit PyGTK..............................................................................................................................2 1.3. PyGTK e Glade................................................................................................................................2 1.4. IDE o editor......................................................................................................................................4 1.5. Installazione.....................................................................................................................................6 1.5.1. Installazione su piattaforma GNU/Linux...............................................................................6 1.5.2. Installazione su piattaforma Windows...................................................................................6 1.6. Supporto e help................................................................................................................................6 Chapter 2. I Widget, le classi ed un -
Multiplatformní GUI Toolkity GTK+ a Qt
Multiplatformní GUI toolkity GTK+ a Qt Jan Outrata KATEDRA INFORMATIKY UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI GUI toolkit (widget toolkit) (1) = programová knihovna (nebo kolekce knihoven) implementující prvky GUI = widgety (tlačítka, seznamy, menu, posuvník, bary, dialog, okno atd.) a umožňující tvorbu GUI (grafického uživatelského rozhraní) aplikace vlastní jednotný nebo nativní (pro platformu/systém) vzhled widgetů, možnost stylování nízkoúrovňové (Xt a Xlib v X Windows System a libwayland ve Waylandu na unixových systémech, GDI Windows API, Quartz a Carbon v Apple Mac OS) a vysokoúrovňové (MFC, WTL, WPF a Windows Forms v MS Windows, Cocoa v Apple Mac OS X, Motif/Lesstif, Xaw a XForms na unixových systémech) multiplatformní = pro více platforem (MS Windows, GNU/Linux, Apple Mac OS X, mobilní) nebo platformově nezávislé (Java) – aplikace může být také (většinou) událostmi řízené programování (event-driven programming) – toolkit v hlavní smyčce zachytává události (uživatelské od myši nebo klávesnice, od časovače, systému, aplikace samotné atd.) a umožňuje implementaci vlastních obsluh (even handler, callback function), objektově orientované programování (objekty = widgety aj.) – nevyžaduje OO programovací jazyk! Jan Outrata (Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci) Multiplatformní GUI toolkity duben 2015 1 / 10 GUI toolkit (widget toolkit) (2) language binding = API (aplikační programové rozhraní) toolkitu v jiném prog. jazyce než původní API a toolkit samotný GUI designer/builder = WYSIWYG nástroj pro tvorbu GUI s využitím toolkitu, hierarchicky skládáním prvků, z uloženého XML pak generuje kód nebo GUI vytvoří za běhu aplikace nekomerční (GNU (L)GPL, MIT, open source) i komerční licence např. GTK+ (C), Qt (C++), wxWidgets (C++), FLTK (C++), CEGUI (C++), Swing/JFC (Java), SWT (Java), JavaFX (Java), Tcl/Tk (Tcl), XUL (XML) aj. -
Gnustep-Gui Improvements
GNUstep-gui Improvements Author: Eric Wasylishen Presenter: Fred Kiefer Overview ● Introduction ● Recent Improvements ● Resolution Independence ● NSImage ● Text System ● Miscellaneous ● Work in Progress ● Open Projects 2012-02-04 GNUstep-gui Improvements 2 Introduction ● Cross-platform (X11, Windows) GUI toolkit, fills a role similar to gtk ● Uses cairo as the drawing backend ● License: LGPLv2+; bundled tools: GPLv3+ ● Code is copyright FSF (contributors must sign copyright agreement) ● Latest release: 0.20.0 (2011/04) ● New release coming out soon 2012-02-04 GNUstep-gui Improvements 3 Introduction: Nice Features ● Objective-C is a good compromise language ● Readable, Smalltalk-derived syntax ● Object-Oriented features easy to learn ● Superset of C ● OpenStep/Cocoa API, which GNUstep-gui follows, is generally well-designed 2012-02-04 GNUstep-gui Improvements 4 Recent Improvements: Resolution Independence ● Basic problem: pixel resolution of computer displays varies widely 2012-02-04 GNUstep-gui Improvements 5 Resolution Independence ● In GNUstep-gui we draw everything with Display PostScript commands and all graphics coordinates are floating-point, so it would seem to be easy to scale UI graphics up or down ● Drawing elements ● Geometry ● Images ● Text 2012-02-04 GNUstep-gui Improvements 6 Resolution Independence ● Challenges: ● Auto-sized/auto-positioned UI elements should be aligned on pixel boundaries ● Need a powerful image object which can select between multiple versions of an image depending on the destination resolution (luckily NSImage is capable) 2012-02-04 GNUstep-gui Improvements 7 Recent Improvements: NSImage ● An NSImage is a lightweight container which holds one or more image representations (NSImageRep) ● Some convenience code for choosing which representation to use, drawing it, caching..