DOCSLIB.ORG

Aiviekstes Baseina Hidroloģijas Matemātiskā Modelēšana

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Aiviekstes Baseina Hidroloģijas Matemātiskā Modelēšana Aiviekstes baseina hidroloģijas matemātiskā modelēšana Juris Senņikovs Vides un tehnoloģisko procesu matemātiskās modelēšanas laboratorija, Fizikas un matemātikas fakultāte, Latvijas Universitāte Laikā un telpā sadalīts Aiviekstes ūdensbaseina hidroloģijas un hidraulikas modelis ir izveidots un kalibrēts tipiskam, sausam un slapjam hidroloģiskajiem režīmiem Vairāku klimata izmaiņu scenāriju ietekme uz baseina hidroloģisko režīmu aprēķināta ar izveidoto modeli. Īsumā par Aiviekstes noteces baseinu •Atrodas Latvijas ziemeļaustrumu daļā •Ir Daugavas baseina sastāvdaļa •Baseina laukums ir aptuveni 9000 km2 •Aiviekstes vidējais caurplūdums pie ietekas Daugavā ir aptuveni 60 m3/s •Aiviekste iztek no Lubānas ezera, kas atrodas noteces baseina vidusdaļā Mūsu pieeja hidroloģiskajai modelēšanai Laikā un telpā sadalīts uz fizikāliem apsvērumiem balstīts modelis Iepriekšminētais nozīmē, ka viss baseins ir sadalīts [trijstūra] galīgajos elementos, katrā elementā tiek rēķināta hidroloģiskāūdens bilance. Upju tīkls ir sadalīts galīgajos elementos – nogriežņos, upēm piegulošie virsmas ūdens elementi veido upju noteci, kuras transformācija [sadalījums pa] upju tīklā tiek aprēķināta ar hidraulikas modeli. Modeļa galvenās sastāvdaļas ir •Virsmas ūdens modelis – būtiskākais aprēķināmais mainīgais tajā ir ūdenssaturs. •Grunts un pazemes ūdens modelis, aprēķināmais mainīgais – gruntsūdens līmenis. •Upju hidraulikas modelis – aprēķina upju ūdenslīmeni un caurplūdumu •Ezeru modelis, kas aprēķina ezera ūdenslīmeni Hidroloģiskā modeļa vienkāršota diagramma Atmosfēra Ezeri Sniegs Virsmas ūdens Upes Komponentes Pazemes ūdens Nokrišņi Iztvaikošana Infiltrācija Virszemes notece Kušana Barošanās no pazemes ūdeņiem Procesi Virsmas ūdens plūsmas virziens Upes Režģa elements Režģa punkts lout Ezers Apatch Aelem Upes nogrieznis Virsmas ūdens modelis Galvenās sastāvdaļas: •Nokrišņi (lietus) •Sniega kušana •Iztvaikošana un transpirācija •Infiltrācija •Barošanās no pazemes ūdeņiem •Virsūdens plūsma Galīgo tilpumu modelis trijstūra elementos (aprēķināmie mainīgie uzdoti trijstūros) Virsūdens plūsma notiek virsmas līmeņa negatīvā gradienta virzienā (“pa visstāvāko nogāzi”) dw −(i) +(i) = P − E −Vinf iltr +Vsurface − ∑Vrunoff + ∑Vrunoff +Vsnow dt i i P – nokrišņi (lietus) w – ūdenssaturs (=wintercepted+wponded) E – iztvaikošana Vsurface – barošanās no pazemes ūdeņiem - + V runoff, V runoff -virsūdens plūsma Vsnow – sniega kušana Ja w>wintercepted 1 2/3 1/ 2 lout Vrunoff = ()w − wint ercepted S0 ⋅ n – berzes koeficients virsūdens n Aelem plūsmai (atkarīgs no zemes lietojuma veida) S0 –virsmas slīpums Iztvaikošanas uzdošanas veids E = Ke (w)()()esat T − e Sniega kušanas modelis Aprēķināmais mainīgais – ūdenssaturs sniega formā dS S – ūdenssaturs sniega formā = P −V P – nokrišņi (sniegs) dt s snow s Vsnow = CMELT (T-T2) – sniega kušanas ātrums T2 –bāzes temperatūra (>0ºC) Pazemes ūdens modelis Aprēķina pazemes ūdens līmeni Sastāvdaļas: •Darsī filtrācijas plūsma •Infiltrācija •Virsmas ūdens un upju barošanās no pazemes ūdens •Plūsma uz/no ezeriem Galīgo elementu modelis, mainīgie trijstūra režģa punktos ∂h ()h − z S = ∇ ⋅(K(h − z )∇h)+V −V −V g s ∂t g inf iltr river surface h – ūdenslīmenis zg –efektīvā sprostslāņalīmenis K – filtrācijas koeficients Ezerā h=hlake Upju barošanās K()h − h river Ja h>hriver Vriver = Δlriver ∆lriver –empīrisks Virsmas ūdens barošanās K(h − (hsurface − Δhsurface )) V = Ja h>(hsurface- ∆hsurface) surface Δl surface ∆lsurface –empīrisks ∆hsurface –virsmas līmeņa korekcija Upju hidraulikas modelis Aprēķināmie mainīgie – ūdenslīmenis un caurplūdums Sen-Venāna vienādojumi Nobīdīto galīgo diferenču metode (līmenis punktos, caurplūdums nogriežņos) Ieejas dati – upes grunts slīpums un šķērsgriezumi Ūdens avoti – virsūdens plūsma, barošanās no pazemes ūdens Ezeru modelis Aprēķina ezera ūdenslīmeni un no ezera izplūstošo upju caurplūdumu Ūdens avoti – virsmas ūdens, upes, pazemes ūdens Ūdens noteces – upes, pazemes ūdens dhlake (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) Alake = ∑Qriverin − ∑Qriverout + ∑Vrunoff lout (w − wintercept ) dt i i i ∂h + K (h − z )dΓ {+P − E} ∫ g Γ ∂n Modeļa ieejas dati •Zemes virsmas topogrāfija [augstumi] + upju tīkls => modeļa režģis, modeļa upju tīkls, modeļa ezeru robežas •Zemes lietojuma dati [National CORINE Land Cover 2000 in Latvia ] =>sagrupēti 6 galvenajos tipos (no hidroloģijas modeļa viedokļa) (lauksaimniecības zeme, meži, pļavas/krūmi (dabiskie), purvi, ūdenstilpnes), modelis ņem vērā katra zemes lietojuma proporcijas katra no virsmas ūdens aprēķina elementiem •Upju caurplūduma novērojumi 7 stacijās [A.Zīverts] •Ikdienas meteoroloģiskie dati (nokrišņi un gaisa temperatūra) Rēzeknē, Zīlānos un Gulbenē [LVĢMA] Modeļrežģis un modeļa upju tīkls 6380000 240 231.5 6360000 223 214.5 206 6340000 197.5 189 180.5 6320000 172 163.5 155 6300000 146.5 138 129.5 6280000 121 112.5 104 6260000 95.5 87 6240000 78.5 70 610000 620000 630000 640000 650000 660000 670000 680000 690000 700000 710000 720000 Zemes lietojums no CORINE Zemes lietojuma procentuālais dalījums pa modeļa elementiem 6380000 6380000 6360000 6360000 1 1 Gulbene Gulbene 6340000 6340000 6320000 6320000 0.67 0.67 6300000 6300000 0.33 0.33 6280000 6280000 Rēzekne Rēzekne Zīlāni Zīlāni 6260000 6260000 0 0 6240000 6240000 6220000 6220000 600000 620000 640000 660000 680000 700000 720000 740000 600000 620000 640000 660000 680000 700000 720000 740000 Meži Lauksaimniecība Caurplūduma novērojumu stacijas 300 270 Pededze 240 210 180 Kuja Aiviekste-Lubāna 150 Iča 120 Aiviekste-HES 90 Malta Rēzekne 60 30 0 Kalibrācijas scenāriju izvēle Tika aplūkoti trīs dažādi gadi ¾ Laika periods no Jūl/76 līdz Jūn/77 tika pieņemts kā “sauso” gadu reprezentējošs, gada nokrišņu summa 518 mm, gada vidējais caurplūdums 35 m3/s ¾ Laika periods no Jūl/77 līdz Jūn/78 tika pieņemts kā “vidējo” gadu reprezentējošs, gada nokrišņu summa 660 mm, gada vidējais caurplūdums 57 m3/s ¾ Laika periods no Jūl/79 līdz Jūn/80 tika pieņemts kā “slapjo”, gadu reprezentējošs, gada nokrišņu summa 762 mm , gada vidējais caurplūdums 92 m3/s Kalibrācijas scenāriju izvēle, caurplūdumu novērojumi “Sausais” “Vidējais” “Slapjais” Noteces baseina 1976/77 1977/78 1978/79 Stacija laukums, km2 Q, m3/s Q, m3/s Q, m3/s Aiviekste HES 8660 34.85 58.60 91.75 Aiviekste Lubāna 7200 24.18 42.57 62.81 Kuja, Aizkuja 268 1.47 2.82 3.65 Pededze, Litene 978 4.67 7.24 12.95 Iča, Kuderi 674 2.37 5.76 Rēzekne, Griškāni 505 1.49 3.37 5.06 Malta, Viļāni 782 2.71 6.14 8.29 Izmērītā Aiviekstes caurplAivieksteūduma discharge. laika Dry grafiksYear. “sausā” gadā 250.00 25 200.00 20 AivHES AivLub W 150.00 15 Discharge 100.00 10 50.00 5 0.00 0 01.Jūl.76 31.Jūl.76 30.Aug.76 30.Sep.76 30.Okt.76 30.Nov.76 30.Dec.76 29.Jan.77 01.Mar.77 31.Mar.77 01.Mai.77 31.Mai.77 30.Jūn.77 Time Izmērītā Aiviekstes caurplAivieksteūduma discharge. laika Wet grafiks Year. “slapjā” gadā 300.00 35 30 250.00 25 AivHES 200.00 AivLub W 20 150.00 Discharge 15 100.00 10 50.00 5 0.00 0 01.Jūl.78 31.Jūl.78 30.Aug.78 30.Sep.78 30.Okt.78 30.Nov.78 30.Dec.78 29.Jan.79 01.Mar.79 31.Mar.79 01.Mai.79 31.Mai.79 30.Jūn.79 Time Izmērītā Kujas un RēzeknesKuja and R ēcaurplzekne discharge.ūduma Average laika Year. grafiks “tipiskā” gadā 30.00 25.00 20.00 Kuja-Aizkuja Rēzekne 15.00 Discharge 10.00 5.00 0.00 01.Jūl.77 31.Jūl.77 30.Aug.77 30.Sep.77 30.Okt.77 30.Nov.77 30.Dec.77 29.Jan.78 01.Mar.78 31.Mar.78 01.Mai.78 31.Mai.78 30.Jūn.78 Time Kalibrācijas stratēģija • Kalibrācijas mērķis – novērojumu un modeļa caurplūdumu kvadrātiskās standartnovirzes minimizēšana. To panāk mainot empīriskos modeļa parametrus – (1) pazemes ūdens modeļa parametrus, (2) no zemes lietojuma atkarīgos virsmas ūdens berzes, iztvaikošanas, kušanas un infiltrācijas parametrus • Pirms katra no trīs gadu garajiem kalibrācijas aprēķiniem modelis “ieskriešanās” režīmā darbināts 90 gadu ilgam laika periodam, nostabilizējot pazemes ūdens līmeni kvazi- periodiskā režīmā Virsmas līmenis Tipisks pazemes ūdens līmenis 240 240 6380000 6380000 235 235 230 230 225 225 220 220 6360000 215 6360000 215 210 210 205 205 200 200 195 195 6340000 6340000 190 190 185 185 180 180 175 175 6320000 170 6320000 170 165 165 160 160 155 155 150 150 6300000 6300000 145 145 140 140 135 135 130 130 6280000 125 6280000 125 120 120 115 115 110 110 105 105 6260000 6260000 100 100 95 95 90 90 85 85 6240000 80 6240000 80 75 75 70 70 600000 620000 640000 660000 680000 700000 720000 600000 620000 640000 660000 680000 700000 720000 Kalibrācijas rezultāts, izmērītie un aprēķinātie caurplūdumi kalibrācijas periodā 300 Model - Aiviekste@HPP AivHES 280 Aiviekste - HES 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 m^3/s, m^3/s m^3/s, 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 01.09.1976 01.03.1977 01.09.1977 01.03.1978 01.09.1978 01.03.1979 Kalibrācijas rezultāts, izmērītie un aprēķinātie caurplūdumi kalibrācijas periodā 200 Model - Aiviekste@Lubāna Aiviekste - Lubāna AivLub 180 160 140 120 100 m^3/s, m^3/s m^3/s, 80 60 40 20 0 01.09.1976 01.03.1977 01.09.1977 01.03.1978 01.09.1978 01.03.1979 Kalibrācijas rezultāts, izmērītie un aprēķinātie caurplūdumi kalibrācijas periodā 50 Model Malta Malta – Viļāni Malta 45 40 35 30 25 m^3/s, m^3/s m^3/s, 20 15 10 5 0 01.09.1976 01.03.1977 01.09.1977 01.03.1978 01.09.1978 01.03.1979 Kalibrācijas rezultāts, izmērītie un aprēķinātie caurplūdumi kalibrācijas periodā 80 Model - Iča Iča - Kuderi Iča 70 60 50 40 m^3/s, m^3/s m^3/s, 30 20 10 0 01.09.1976 01.03.1977 01.09.1977 01.03.1978 01.09.1978 01.03.1979 Kalibrācijas rezultāts, izmērītie un aprēķinātie caurplūdumi kalibrācijas periodā 90 Model - Pededze Pededze - Litene Pededze 80 70 60 50 m^3/s, m^3/s m^3/s, 40 30 20 10 0 01.09.1976
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Plūdu Riska Novērtēšanas Un Pārvaldības Nacionālā Programma 2008.-2015.Gadam
    Approved by Cabinet Order No.830 20 December 2007 National Programme for the Assessment and Management of Flood Risks 2008 - 2015 Informative Part Riga 2007 Translation © 2013 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) Contents Abbreviations Used 3 Terms used in the Programme 3 I. Characterisation of the Situation 4 1. Assessment of the Territory of Latvia in Respect of Flood Risks 7 1.1. Types of Flood Risk Areas in the Territory of Latvia 7 1.2. Causes of Floods in Flood Risk Areas 8 1.3. Areas Being Flooded Due to Floods and Areas at Risk of Flooding 9 1.4. Specially Protected Nature Territories 12 1.5. Historical Consequences and Material Losses of Floods 12 2. Flood Risk Scenarios and Assessment Criteria Thereof 13 II. Link of the Programme to the Priorities and Supporting Policy Documents of the Government and Ministries 15 III. Objectives and Sub-objectives of the Programme 17 IV. Planned Results of the Programme Policy and Results of the Activity 17 V. The Result-based Indicators for the Achievement of Results of the Programme Policy and Results of Activity 18 VI. Main Tasks for the Achievement of Results of the Programme 18 VII Programme Funding 18 Annexes 1. Annex 1 River Basin Districts of Latvia 20 2. Annex 2 Flood Risk Areas in River Potamal Sections 21 3. Annex 3 Coastal Flood Risk and Coastal Erosion Risk Areas of the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Riga 25 4. Annex 4 Measures for the Assessment and Reduction of Flood Risks 26 Translation © 2013 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) 2 Abbreviations Used MoE – Ministry of Economics MoF – Ministry of Finance MoENV – Ministry of Environment MoA – Ministry of Agriculture EU – European Union HPS – Hydroelectric power station UNECE – United Nations Economic Commission for Europe a/g - agriculture mBs – metres in the Baltic system ha - hectare Terms Used in the Programme Flood – the covering by water of land not normally covered by water.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Potential Analysis of Regional Development
    CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 3 POTENTIAL ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT 3.1 National and Regional Policy on Socioeconomic Development 3.1.1 Review of Development Policy Latvia aims at ensuring equal working, income, social, and cultural opportunities for all inhabitants of the state, as mentioned in the following legislation, development strategies and policies. However, the former course of development after independence in 1991 has resulted in differences in living environment and opportunities of economic activity in different regions of Latvia. In many areas including LWC, insufficient economic development and activity, high unemployment rate, low income, unequal conditions for social and cultural life have been found. (1) Law on Spatial Development Planning of Latvia The Law on Spatial Development Planning of Latvia was adopted in October 1998. According to this new law, development and land use planning in Latvia is to be carried out, as such: - Local governments of districts, state cities, towns, and townships should prepare spatial development plans of their administrative areas, - Spatial development plans of higher level should be observed when producing spatial development plans of lower levels, and - Land use plans of regional and local municipal levels should be prepared in accordance with the relevant spatial development plans. Development and land use plans for LWC, therefore, has to observe and coordinate with the directions and strategies mentioned in the existing national, regional, district, and township level plans. (2) National development strategies The long-term goal of development strategy for Latvia is to become a socially harmonized country with a dynamic, open and equal opportunity as well as its own national identity.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the Fauna of Latvia
    Latvijas Entomologs 2009, 47: 27-57. 27 Review of Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the Fauna of Latvia 1 2 3 ANDRIS BUKEJS , DMITRY TELNOV , ARVDS BARŠEVSKIS 1 – Institute of Systematic Biology, Daugavpils University, Vienbas iela 13, LV-5401, Daugavpils, Latvia; e-mail: [email protected] 2 – Stopiu novads, Drza iela 10, LV-2130, Dzidrias, Latvia; e-mail: [email protected] 3 – Institute of Systematic Biology, Daugavpils University, Vienbas iela 13, LV-5401, Daugavpils, Latvia; e-mail: [email protected] BUKEJS A., TELNOV D., BARŠEVSKIS A., 2009. REVIEW OF CASSIDINAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) OF THE FAUNA OF LATVIA. – Latvijas Entomologs, 47: 27-57. Abstract. New faunal and ecological information on the leaf-beetle subfamily Cassidinae of the Latvian fauna are presented. Bibliographical information on this group is summarized for the first time. All hitherto known faunal data are given for 20 species. In total, 2111 specimens were studied. Two species, Cassida atrata FABRICIUS, 1787 and C. subreticulata SUFFRIAN, 1844, are excluded from the list of Latvian Coleoptera. An annotated list of Latvian Cassidinae is given, including 3 genera and 21 species. Key words: Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae, Latvia, fauna, distribution, ecology, bibliography. Introduction Latvian tortoise beetles have been irregularly and inadequately investigated until There are 2760 species of the subfamily now. For example, in M. Stiprais (1977) Cassidinae STEPHENS, 1831 or tortoise beetles publication, faunal data on 9 species of Cassida so far known in the world fauna (Borowiec and Hypocassida can be found. In 1993, A. 1999). Of these, four genera and 38 species are Barševskis published his monograph “The reported for Eastern Europe (Biekowski 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Acdsee PDF Image
    Lietuvos istorijos institutas • L I E T u v o s • • • UDK 902/904(474.5) Li227 • Redakcine kolegija: Algirdas Girininkas (ats. redaktorius) (Lieluvos istorijos iIlSlilL/las) Vytautas Kazakevicius (Lieluvos istorijos institulas) Mykolas Michelbertas (Vilniaus universitetas) - Evalds Mugurevics (Lalvijos universileto Latvijos istorijos instilLilas) Vytautas Urbanavicius (PiliL{ tyrimo centras "Lieluvos pi(vs") Gintautas Zabiela (Lietuvos istorijos institulas) ISSN 02-07-8694 © Lietuvos istorijos institutas ISBN 9986-23-083-7 © Straipsni4 autoriai - v EARLY NEOLITHIC AT THE ICA SETTLEMENT SITE (Lake Lubana Depression) ILZE LOZE Research on the Early Neolithic of the present and it is 68 km in length (Tomass 1937, 73), of which tnilory of Latvia is closely connected with the dis­ the final 28 km pass through the Lubana Plain. Prior aweryofsettlements in the Lake Lubana Depression to regulation the waters of the River lea flowed into Idarchaeological excavation at these sites. Study of the right branch of the Aiviekste, the Kalnupe, tIr Early Neolithic began only in the first half of the entering it at its middle course. Now it joins the l%Os, notwithstanding the fact that the first Aiviekste south of the former Kalnupe, flowing into Itbaeological excavations at the lea settlement site the Verde Canal. The site is on a rise forming an island • the Lubana wetlands were conducted by Eduards (Fig. 2), and its occupation layer formed over the Storms already in 1938-1939 (Sturms n.d.). The site course of millennia not only on the island itself, but ad been discovered by crop technician of the Lake also on the plain immediately north-west of it when Lubana land improvement and building works, the fall in the water-level in the Lubana basin engineer A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Politics and Nationalism on the Development of Written Latgalian in the Long Nineteenth Century (1772-1918)1
    cAtheRiNe GibSON GRuOMOtA: the iNFLueNce OF pOLiticS ANd NAtiONALiSM ON the deVeLOpMeNt OF WRitteN LAtGALiAN iN the LONG NiNeteeNth ceNtuRY (1772-1918)1 1At first glance, the map of Europe in the twenty- first century is made up of nation-states and federa- tions, homogenous blocks of colour and fixed borders. Yet these do not reveal the whole story. Europe is also a continent of regions, both transnational (e.g. Galicia, Silesia, Polesia or Carpathian Ruthenia) and subna- tional (e.g. Samogitia, kashubia or Bavaria) reflecting the poly-ethnolinguistic and multiconfessional reality of the peoples who inhabit these lands. unlike Europe’s fixed political borders, regional identities often cannot be clearly demarcated. they resemble what Benedict Anderson terms ‘imagined communities’, a sense of personal and collective belonging based on a relation- ship between identity and place, religion, language, ethnicity and nationality.2 Latgale, the region of south- east Latvia, is one such area in which a distinct regional identity distinguishes it from the other parts of Latvia (kurzeme, Vidzeme, and zemgale).3 Latgale is ethnolinguistically distinct from the west- ern regions of present-day Latvia and, is in many ways, ............................... the least ‘Latvian’. Firstly, it is a borderland and the catherine GibSON, M.A., is a graduate meeting place of the frontiers of present-day Belarus, of the university of St Andrews; she is currently completing Lithuania, and Russia.4 the region is home to a popu- a Masters at university College London, lation which is both linguistically (speakers of Latvian, School of Slavonic Russian, Latgalian, Polish, Belarusian, and Lithuanian) and East European Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Feasibility Study "LAKE and RIVER USE for TOURISM, RECREATION and TRANSPORT in LATGALE and RYTU AUKŠTAITIJA REGIONS – PO
    Latgale Region Development Agency Feasibility study "LAKE AND RIVER USE FOR TOURISM, RECREATION AND TRANSPORT IN LATGALE AND RYTU AUKŠTAITIJA REGIONS – POTENTIAL, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND NECESSARY INVESTMENTS” 1st progress report From December 10, 2006 to March 28, 2007 Grupa 93 Ltd Avotu 10-11, Riga, LV-1011 Tel +371 7217043 Fax +371 7217045 www.grupa93.lv Subcontractor in Lithuania: UAB Vilnius Consult Vokiečių 12-3, Vilnius Tel +370 (5) 2395066 Fax +370 (5) 2395067 www.vilniusconsult.lt Feasibility study “Lake and River Use for Tourism, Recreation and Transport in Latgale and Rytu Aukštaitija Regions – Potential, Infrastructure Development and Necessary Investments 1st report. December 10, 2006 to March 28, 2007 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 2 2. PERFORMED ACTIVITIES 3 2.1. Meetings and seminars 3 2.2. Interviews and questionnaires 3 2.3. Strategic planning documents. Desk work. 4 2.4. Progress in study 6 2.4.1. The database of lakes 6 2.4.2. Review of rivers 7 2.4.3. Tourism service providers 9 3. CONCLUSIONS 9 4. PLANNED ACTIVITIES FOR NEXT PROJECT PERIOD 10 Appendix No.1 11 1. INTRODUCTION The report represents progress of the feasibility study "Lake and River Use for Tourism, Recreation and Transport in Latgale and Rytu Aukštaitija Regions – Potential, Infrastructure Development and Necessary Investments" during the time period from enhancement of the project, i.e. 13rd of December, 2006 to 28th of March, 2007 The feasibility study has being performed by Grupa 93. Ltd. in collaboration with subcontractor in Lithuania UAB Vilnius Consult within the Interreg IIIA financed project No: SII-050 "Creating New Tourist Destination By Joining Two Border Regions in Latgale-Rytu Aukštaitija" which leading partner is Latgale region development Agency and partners: Latvian Tourism Development Agency, Euroregion “Country of Lakes” Lithuanian office, Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant Regional Development Agency.
    [Show full text]
  • State of the Art of Vidzeme Planning Region
    State of the Art of Vidzeme Planning Region Lelde Ābele, Project “SWARE” Manager Lienīte Priedāja-Klepere, Project “SWARE” Expert Ieva Vītola, Project “SWARE” Expert Vidzeme Planning Region 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 1.1. Methodology 3 1.2. Sources of information 3 1.3. Definitions and acronyms 4 2. The regional context 6 2.1. The geo-institutional context 6 2.2. Socio-economic context 8 2.3. Governance 11 2.4. Tourism and Culture 14 2.4.1. Natural heritage sites 14 2.4.2. Water system and water network 16 2.4.3 Cultural heritage sites 20 2.4.4. Built heritage sites 21 2.4.5. Characteristic of tourism and culture 26 2.5. Strengths and weaknesses of tourism, heritage management and culture 29 3. Policy instrument addressed in the SWARE 32 3.1. General overview of the policy instrument 32 3.2. Implementation of the policy instrument 34 3.2.1. Management and control 34 3.3. Priority axis(es) related to SWARE 36 3.3.1. Actions, target groups and expected result 37 3.4. Strengths and weaknesses of the policy instrument 38 3.4. The influence of the policy instrument 41 4. Good practises 43 4.1. Case study 1. Ferry across the river Gauja 43 4.2. Case study 2. Title: Riwerways 48 4.3. Case study 3. Title: Gauja Raftsmen Festival in Strenči 54 5. Conclusions 60 1. Introduction 1.1. Methodology State of the Art of Vidzeme Planning Regoin has made by Project Manager Lelde Ābele, Project Experts - Lienīte Priedāja-Klepere and Ieva Vītola.
    [Show full text]
  • Annexation and Exile in Latvia 1940-1950
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 1-2011 The Gendered Plight of Terror: Annexation and Exile in Latvia 1940-1950 Irene Elksnis Geisler Western Michigan University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Geisler, Irene Elksnis, "The Gendered Plight of Terror: Annexation and Exile in Latvia 1940-1950" (2011). Dissertations. 409. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/409 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE GENDERED PLIGHT OF TERROR: ANNEXATION AND EXILE IN LATVIA 1940-1950 by Irene Elksnis Geisler A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History Advisor: Marion W. Gray, Ph.D. Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan June 2011 THE GENDERED PLIGHT OF TERROR: ANNEXATION AND EXILE IN LATVIA 1940-1950 Irene Elksnis Geisler, Ph.D. Western Michigan University, 2011 Drawing on methodologies employed in Oral History and Memory scholarship, this qualitative study utilizes the lens of gender to explore narratives contesting time-honored notions of violence, war and peace. It examines Latvia's history through the voices of women from 1940 to 1950. This project seeks to interpret Latvian history based on the experiences of those who survived invasion, exile and deportation. It positions the narratives of women at the center rather than at the margins of historical analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Olga Aleksejeva (December, 2011)
    Systematic Study of the Riga House Registers as a Source for Jewish Genealogy in Inter-War Latvia, 1918 – 1940 Olga Aleksejeva (December, 2011) Independent Latvia 1918 – 1940.1 I. Jewish Demographic and Social Background. The study concentrates on the period of Latvian independence and freedom, which lasted for just a little more than two decades (1918-40). Compared with the centuries-long history of Latvian Jewry, this is a relatively short period of time. The importance of these few years lies perhaps in what they contributed to the development of the concept of “Latvian Jewry”. In 1897, the year when the first general census of the population of the Russian Empire was conducted, there were 142,315 Jews in Latvia (6.2 % of the overall population). By the eve of World War I, their number had reached up to 170,000. In Riga itself, the Jewish population numbered 16,922 people in 1897, and 33,651 in 1913. Despite the Jewish emigration from the Russian Empire in the late 19th – early 20th centuries, Latvian cities were among those centers that accepted Jews. Thus, while the world’s Ashkenazi community (Jews of European descent) grew six- to seven-fold during 1800–1913, within Latvia the size of the Jewish population increased 16- to 17-fold during the same period.2 In the wake of World War I, the picture changed. During 1913–1920, Latvia’s population decreased from 2.5 million to 1.6 million. The Jewish population underwent an even more marked decline, shrinking by half. This was caused, first, by the deportation of all the Jews from the Courland province and later from the entire war zone into the interior of Russia; and second, by the fact that a part of Latvian Jews remained in Russia.3 1 Map „Independent Latvian nation 1918 – 1940” // Latvian History: a selection of maps.
    [Show full text]
  • „COUNTRY WITHIN the STATE". the HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY of LATGALE and the CHANGES in IT's ETHNIC COMPOSITION DURING the 20Th CENTURY
    116 ~ Fiatal regionalisták NÉMETH ÁDÁM* „ORSZÁG AZ ÁLLAMBAN". LATGALE TÖRTÉNETI FÖLDRAJZA ÉS NEMZETISÉGI ÖSSZETÉTELÉNEK ÁTALAKULÁSA A XX. SZÁZADBAN „COUNTRY WITHIN THE STATE". THE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF LATGALE AND THE CHANGES IN IT'S ETHNIC COMPOSITION DURING THE 20th CENTURY ABSTRACT The first purpose of this publication is to present a short overview about the changes in the eth- nic structure of Latgale after the first official Russian census (1897). The second goal is to analyze the regional distribution of these ethnic groups in Latvia and to diagnose the transformation of the ethnic diversity index in Latgale. Being on the frontier of German and Russian empires, and on the crossroad of trade routes, Lat- gale was always a point of intersection of Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Byelorussian, Russian and Jewish territories. Thus Latgale was one of the most ethnically diversed territory in Europe in the end of the 19th century. Nowadays the diversity index is very high as well, although the ethnic composition of the region has changed dramatically since 1897. The publication would like to pre- sent: why and how? 1. Bevezetés Nehéz helyzetben vagyunk, ha Lettországot kell elhelyeznünk Európa nagytérségi szer- kezetében. Se nem Észak-, se nem Kelet-, se nem Nyugat-, se nem Közép-Európa, ugyan- akkor egy kicsit mindegyik az említettek közül. Talán a Pándi Lajos neve által fémjelzett Köztes-Európa modell az egyetlen releváns doktrína, mely segítségével a középső balti állam valahogy beleilleszthető kontinensünk geopolitikai viszonyrendszerébe. Lettország csaknem 14 600 km:-en elterülő, 340 000 lakossal rendelkező keleti régiója, a „Kék tavak földjének" is nevezett Latgale, talán még ennél is ellentmondásosabb kapcso- latban áll környezetével.
    [Show full text]
  • Annex 5. Bird Species, for Which Grasslands Serve As Important Breeding and Feeding Habitats (A. Auniņš, S. Rūsiņa)
    444 Annex 5. Bird species, for which grasslands serve as important breeding and feeding habitats Annex 5. Bird Species, for Which dix perdix, Coturnix coturnix and others. However, Grasslands Serve as Important Breeding unlike the above-listed grassland species, these are and Feeding Habitats (A. Auniņš, not as closely linked to grasslands and prefer exten- S. Rūsiņa) sively cultivated arable lands. Locustella naevia also inhabits various abandoned, but still open fields, or Images of bird species that are nesting or feeding in fields that have started to overgrow with shrubs. Acro- the grasslands and for which grasslands are the most cephalus schoenobaenus inhabits various water edges, important or one of the most important habitats. wetlands, and occurs in wet grasslands as well. The See Chapter 22 for grassland maintenance and shrubs and shrub belts present in the grasslands are management methods for bird conservation and used by various shrub dwelling passerines, for instan- Chapter 23 for the restoration of grasslands as a habi- ce, Sylvia communis, Sylvia borin, also Emberiza scho- tat for grassland birds. eniclus near water bodies. Anas platyrhynchos can be Species are arranged in five ecological groups: found nesting in the grasslands that are adjacent to waders, passerines, raptors and owls, water birds streams and waterbodies. and other species (includes some species that do not During migration the grasslands are used by a strictly belong to any of the above listed groups) (Tab- large variety of open landscape birds, including tho- le 1). A brief description of species ecology is based se that do not nest here, for instance, various species on Peiponen 1974; Beintema 1983; Opermanis, Au- of geese, most commonly Anser albifrons and Anser niņš 1995; Opermanis 1997; Svendsen et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change-01.Indd
    Climate Change in Latvia CLIMATE CHANGE IN LATVIA Editor Māris Kļaviņš UDK 551(474.3) Cl 620 The publication of the book has been supported by the INTERREG III B project ASTRA, Latvian National Research Programme: “Climate Change and Waters”, and Latvian Science Council cooperation project “Effects of Climate Change on the Nature of Latvia, 2006-2009” Co-editors: M. sc. Valērijs Rodinovs Dr. biol. Guntis Brūmelis Dr. geol. Ervīns Lukševičs Dr. biol. Viesturs Melecis Dr. chem. Linda Eglīte Dr. geogr. Agrita Briede Dr. geogr. Elga Apsīte Editor-in-chief: Professor Māris Kļaviņš English language editor: Māra Antenišķe Cover photo: Ivars Druvietis Lay-out and Cover design: Arnis Čakstiņš The authors acknowledge Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Agency for providing hydrological and meteorological data for climate change analysis All the papers published in the present volume have been reviewed. No part of the volume may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN 9984-802-70-1 © Latvijas Universitāte, 2007 5 CONTENTS Foreword ............................................................................................................................. 7 THE CHARACTER OF CLIMATE CHANGE ................................................................ 9 Lita Lizuma, Māris Kļaviņš, Agrita Briede, Valērijs Rodinovs Long-term Changes of Air Temperature in Latvia ............................................................. 11 Māris Kļaviņš, Valērijs Rodinovs Long-term Changes of River Discharge Regime
    [Show full text]