: A BIBLIOGRAPHY

JANET SINDER*

Academic freedom is a subject with many facets: academic freedom of public and private school teachers, of university professors, of universities themselves, and of students. In this bibliography, I have concentrated on articles about academic freedom at a post-secondary level. There are some articles concerning the academic freedom of universities, but most deal with professors. Because this issue celebrates the fiftieth anniversary of the 1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure, I have examined publications only from 1940 to the present. The books included are those that focus mainly on academic freedom, rather than those with only a small section on that topic. The articles deal with the legal aspects of academic freedom, and almost all are from legal periodicals.' All materials are in English and concern academic freedom issues in the . Within the criteria stated above, I have tried to be comprehensive in my search for materials. I have searched both through the legal journal indexes and through the footnotes of the articles themselves. Omitted entirely are articles about specific challenges to academic freedom reported on in the journal of the American Association of University Professors, at different times called Academe and the AA UP Bulletin. The association has devoted much space to particular academic freedom cases, and anyone interested in these reports need only look at individual issues of the journal. American Association of University Professors. Policy Documents & Reports. Washington, D.C.: The Association, 1990. Annarelli, James John. Academic Freedom and Catholic Higher . New York: Greenwood Press, 1987. Baade, Hans W. and Robinson 0. Everett, eds. Academic Freedom: The Scholar's Place in Modern Society. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Pubs., 1964. Reprint of Law and Contemporary Problems 28 (1963): 429-671. Bard, Robert L. "Protecting the Academic Community Against Internal Assault." Connecticut Law Review 3 (1971): 433-65. Brest, Paul. "Protecting Academic Freedom Through the First Amendment: Raising the Unanswered Questions." Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1359- 62.

Copyright © 1990 by Law and Contemporary Problems * Senior Reference Librarian and Senior Instructor in Legal Research, Duke University School of Law. 1. Individual articles from this issue of Law and Contemporary Problems are listed below by author's name. LAW AND CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS (Vol. 53: No. 3 Brown, Ralph S. and Jordan E. Kurland. "Academic Tenure and Academic Freedom." Law and Contemporary Problems 53 (Summer 1990): 325-55. Brown, Ronald C. "Tenure in Contractual and Constitutional Context."Journalof Law and Education 6 (1977): 279-318. Bunting, David Edison. and Learning: The Activities of the American Civil Union in Behalf of Freedom of Education. Washington, D.C.: American Council on Public Affairs, 1942. Burke, William T. III and FrankJ. Cavaliere. "E.E.O.C. v. Franklin and Marshall College: Confidential Promotion and Tenure Materials Subject to Civil Rights Investigation and Enforcement." Saint Louis University Public Law Review 7 (1988): 423-31. Byrne, J. Peter. "Academic Freedom: A 'Special Concern of the First Amendment.'" Yale Law Journal 99 (1989): 251-340. Byse, Clark. "Academic Freedom, Tenure, and the Law: A Comment on Worzella v. Board of Regents." Harvard Law Review 73 (1959): 304-22. "Teachers and the Fifth Amendment.' University of Pennsylvania Law Review 102 (1954): 871-83. Carr, Robert K. "Academic Freedom, the American Association of University Professors, and the United States Supreme Court." AAUP Bulletin 45 (1959): 5-24. Carrington, Paul D. "Freedom and Community in the Academy." Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1577-89. Cassou, April Kestell and Robert F. Curran, S.J. "Secular Orthodoxy and Sacred Freedoms: Accreditation of Church-Related Law Schools." Journal of College and University Law 11 (1984): 293-344. Chafee, Zechariah, Jr. The Blessings of Liberty. Philadelphia and New York: J.B. Lippincott, 1956. Comment. "Academic Freedom and the Law." Yale Law Journal 46 (1937): 670-86. Comment. "Academic Freedom-Its Constitutional Content." University of Colorado Law Review 40 (1968): 600-616 (authored by Richard P. Tisdel). Comment. "An Academic Freedom Privilege in the Peer Review Context: In re Dinnan and Gray v. Board of Higher Education." Rutgers Law Review 36 (1983): 286-345 (authored by Jerry P. Sattin). Comment. "Colleges and Universities-Constitutional Law: Professor's Assignment of Grade to Students is Symbolic Communication Protected by the First Amendment." North Dakota Law Review 66 (1990): 297-308 (authored by Rosanna Malouf Peterson). Comment. "Drawing the Line on Academic Freedom: Rejecting an Academic Peer-Review Privilege for Tenure Committee Deliberations." Page 381: Summer 1990] ACADEMIC FREEDOM: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Washington University Law Quarterly 64 (1986): 1271-78 (authored by Jason A. Parson). Comment. "Kahn v. Superior Court of the County of Santa Clara: The Right to Privacy and the Academic Freedom Privilege with Respect to Confidential Peer Review Materials."Journal of College and University Law 15 (1988): 73-85 (authored by Maureen P. Cunningham, Todd A. Leeson and James R. Stadler). Comment. "Parate v. Isibor: Resolving the Conflict Between the Academic Freedom of the University and the Academic Freedom of University Professors." Journal of College and University Law 16 (1990): 713-30 (authored by David M. Dumas, Caroline McIntyre and Katherine L. Zelenock). Comment. "Personality Control and Academic Freedom-Rampey v. Allen." Utah Law Review (1975): 234-45 (authored by Katherine W. Adams). Comment. "Testing the Limits of Academic Freedom." University of Pennsylvania Law Review 130 (1982): 712-43. Committee of the University of Miami Chapter of the AAUP. "Academic Freedom: Tenure is Not Enough." AAUP Bulletin 53 (1967): 202-9. Communism and Academic Freedom: The Record of the Tenure Cases at the University of Washington. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1949. Cowan, Thomas A. "Interference with Academic Freedom: The Pre-Natal History of a Tort." Wayne Law Review 4 (1958): 205-27. Curran, Charles E. "Academic Freedom and Catholic Universities." Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1441-54. "Academic Freedom: The Catholic University and Catholic Theology." Academe: Bulletin of the American Association of University Professors 66 (1980): 126-35. Cushman, Robert E. Academic Freedom and Responsibility. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1952. Davis, Frederick. "Enforcing Academic Tenure: Reflections and Suggestions." Wisconsin Law Review (1961): 200-220. Davis, Michael. "Academic Freedom, Impartiality, and Faculty Governance." Law and Philosophy 5 (1986): 263-76. Days, Drew S. III," 'Enemies or Allies?': Widening the Scope of Conflict." Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1621-28. "Developments in the Law-Academic Freedom." Harvard Law Review 81 (1968): 1045-1159. Dimensions of Academic Freedom. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1969. Dodds, Harold W. "Academic Freedom and the Academic President." Law and Contemporary Problems 28 (1963): 602-6. 384 LAW AND CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS [Vol. 53: No. 3

Eagle, Joan M. "First Amendment Protection for Teachers Who Criticize Academic Policy: Biting the Hand That Feeds You." Chicago-Kent Law Review 60 (1984): 229-59. Earle, Valerie, ed. On Academic Freedom. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1971. Eisenberg, Rebecca S. "Academic Freedom and Academic Values in Sponsored Research." Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1363-1404. "Defining the Terms of Academic Freedom: A Reply to Professor Rabban." Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1431-39. Emerson, Thomas I. and David Haber. "Academic Freedom of the Faculty Member as Citizen." Law and Contemporary Problems 28 (1963): 525-72. Fellman, David. "Academic Freedom in American Law." Wisconsin Law Review (1961): 3-46. Finkelhor, Marion K. & Craig T. Stockdale. "The Professor and the Fifth Amendment." University of Pittsburgh Law Review 16 (1955): 344-59. Finkin, Matthew W. "'A Higher Order of Liberty in the Workplace': Academic Freedom and Tenure in the Vortex of Employment Practices and Law." Law and Contemporary Problems 53 (Summer 1990): 357-79.

-. "Intramural Speech, Academic Freedom and the First Amendment." Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1323-49. "On 'Institutional' Academic Freedom." Texas Law Review 61 (1983): 817-57. "Regulation By Agreement: The Case of Private Higher Education." Iowa Law Review 65 (1980): 1119-1200. "Toward a Law of Academic Status." Buffalo Law Review 22 (1973): 575- 602. Finman, Ted. "Critical Legal Studies, Professionalism, and Academic Freedom: Exploring the Tributaries of Carrington's River." Journal of Legal Education 35 (1985): 180-207. Fract, Arthur N. "Non-Tenure Teachers and the ." University of Kansas Law Review 18 (1969): 27-54. Fuchs, Ralph F. "Academic Freedom-Its Basic Philosophy, Function and History." Law and Contemporary Problems 28 (1963): 431-46. Reprinted in Academic Freedom and Tenure, edited by Louis Joughin, 242-63. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969. Gardner, David P. The California Oath Controversy. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1967. Gee, Thomas Gibbs. "'Enemies or Allies?': In Defense of Judges." Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1617-19. Page 381: Summer 1990] ACADEMIC FREEDOM: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Getman, Julius G. and Jacqueline W. Mintz. "Foreword: Academic Freedom in a Changing Society." Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1247-64. Gray, Mary. "Academic Freedom and Nondiscrimination: Enemies or Allies?" Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1591-1615. Gregory, John DeWitt. "Secrecy in University and College Tenure Deliberations: Placing Appropriate Limits on Academic Freedom." U.C. Davis Law Review 16 (1983): 1023-46. Gutmann, Amy. Democratic Education. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1987. van den Haag, Ernest. "Academic Freedom in the United States." Law and Contemporary Problems 28 (1963): 515-24. Haddon, Phoebe A. "Academic Freedom and Governance: A Call for Increased Dialogue and ." Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1561- 75. Hamilton, Walton H. "Trial by Ordeal, New Style." Yale Law Journal 50 (1941): 778-86. Haskell, Thomas and Sanford Levinson. "Academic Freedom and Expert Witnessing: Historians and the Sears Case." Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1629-59. Hendrick, Rhoda. "Report on Academic Freedom: Address." Lawyers Guild Review 13 (Winter 1953): 30-33. Hodges, Debra K. "Postsecondary Faculty Members' Rights of Free Speech." Journal of College and University Law 9 (1982-83): 85-99. Hofstadter, Richard and Walter P. Metzger. The Development of Academic Freedom in the United States. New York: Columbia University Press, 1955. Hook, Sidney. Academic Freedom and Academic Anarchy. New York: Cowles Book Co., 1970. Heresy Yes, Conspiracy No. New York: John Day Co., 1953. Hoornstra, Charles D. and Michael A. Liethen. "Academic Freedom and Civil Discovery."Journal of College and University Law 10 (1983): 113-28. Hunt,John F. and Terrence R. Connelly. The Responsibility of Dissent: The Church and Academic Freedom. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1969. Hunter, Howard 0. "Federal Antibias Legislation and Academic Freedom: Some Problems with Enforcement Procedures." Emory Law Journal 27 (1978): 609-71. Hutchins, Robert Maynard. "What Price Freedom?" AA UP Bulletin 35 (1949): 211-15. Irons, Peter H. " 'Fighting Fair': Zechariah Chafee, Jr., the Department of Justice, and the 'Trial at the Harvard Club'." Harvard Law Review 94 (1981): 1205-36. LAW AND CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS [Vol. 53: No. 3

Jones, Howard Mumford. "The American Concept of Academic Freedom." AAUP Bulletin 46 (1960): 66-72. Reprinted in Academic Freedom and Tenure, edited by Louis Joughin, 224-41. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969. Joughin, Louis. "Academic Due Process." Law and Contemporary Problems 28 (1963): 573-601. Reprinted in Academic Freedom and Tenure, edited by Louis Joughin, 264-305. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969. Joughin, Louis, ed. Academic Freedom and Tenure: A Handbook of the American Association of University Professors. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969. Kadish, Sanford H. "Church-Related Law Schools: Academic Values and Deference to Religion." Journal of Legal Education 32 (1982): 161-71. Kaplan, Craig and Ellen Schrecker, eds. Regulating the Intellectuals: Perspectives on Academic Freedom in the 1980s. New York: Praeger, 1983. Kaplan, David A. and Brian M. Cogan. "The Case Against Recognition of a General Academic Privilege." University of DetroitJournal of Urban Law 60 (1983): 205-39. Katz, Katheryn. "The First Amendment's Protection of Expressive Activity in the University Classroom: A Constitutional Myth." U.C. Davis Law Review 16 (1983): 857-932. Kennedy, Walter B. "The Bertrand Russell Case Again: Portrait of a Realist, New Style." Fordham Law Review 10 (1941): 196-205. Kessler-Harris, Alice. "Academic Freedom and Expert Witnessing: A Response to Haskell and Levinson." Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 429- 40. Kidd, Charles V. "The Implications of Research Funds for Academic Freedom." Law and Contemporary Problems 28 (1963): 613-24. Kirk, Russell. Academic Freedom: An Essay in Definition. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1955. "Massive Subsidies and Academic Freedom." Law and Contemporary Problems 28 (1963): 607-12. "Shelton College and State Licensing of Religious Schools: An Educator's View of the Interface Between the Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses." Law and Contemporary Problems 44 (Spring 1981): 169- 84. Kirkland, Edward C. "Academic Freedom and the Community." In Freedom and the University: The Responsibility of the University for the Maintenance of Freedom in the American Way of Life, edited by Edgar N. Johnson, et al., 115-29. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1950. Kliever, Lonnie D. "Academic Freedom and Church-Affiliated Universities." Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1477-80. Page 381: Summer 19901 ACADEMIC FREEDOM: BIBLIOGRAPHY

-. "Religion and Academic Freedom: Issues of Faith and Reason." Academe." Bulletin of the Amercian Association of University Professors 74 (Jan.-Feb. 1988): 8-11. Kutner, Luis. "The Freedom of Academic Freedom: A Legal Dilemma." Chicago-Kent Law Review 48 (1971): 168-89. Lacovara, Philip A. "How Far Can the Federal Camel Slip Under the Academic Tent?"Journalof College and University Law 4 (1977): 223-40. Ladenson, Robert F. "Is Academic Freedom Necessary?" Law and Philosophy 5 (1986): 59-87. Laycock, Douglas and Susan E. Waelbroeck, "Academic Freedom and the Free Exercise of Religion." Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1455-75. Leleiko, Steven H. "The Opportunity to Be Different and Equal-An Analysis of the Interrelationship Between Tenure, Academic Freedom and the Teaching of Professional Responsibility in Orthodox and Clinical Legal Education." Notre Dame Lawyer 55 (1980): 485-512. Machlup, Fritz. "In Defense of Academic Tenure." AAUP Bulletin 50 (1964): 112-24. Reprinted in Academic Freedom and Tenure, edited by Louis Joughin, 306-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969. "On Some Misconceptions Concerning Academic Freedom." AAUP Bulletin 41 (1955): 753-84. Reprinted in Academic Freedom and Tenure, edited by Louis Joughin, 177-209. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969. MacIver, Robert M. Academic Freedom in Our Time. New York: Columbia University Press, 1955. Malin, Martin H. and Robert Ladenson. "University Faculty Member's Right to Dissent: Toward a Unified Theory of Contractual and Constitutional Protection." U.C. Davis Law Review 16 (1983): 933-73. Manier, Edward and John W. Houck, eds. Academic Freedom and the Catholic University. Notre Dame, Ind.: Fides Publishers, 1967. Mark, Max. "The Meanings of Academic Freedom." AAUP Bulletin 43 (1957): 498-506. Martin, Peter W., et al. " 'Of Law and the River,' and of Nihilism and Academic Freedom." Journal of Legal Education 35 (1985): 1-26. Matheson, Alan A. "Judicial Enforcement of Academic Tenure: An Examination." Washington Law Review 50 (1975): 597-622. May, William W. "Academic Freedom in Church-Related Institutions." Academe: Bulletin of the American Association of University Professors 74 (July- Aug. 1988): 23-28. McConnell, Michael W. "Academic Freedom in Religious Colleges and Universities." Law and Contemporary Problems 53 (Summer 1990): 303-24. 388 LAW AND CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS [Vol. 53: No. 3

Mertz, Elizabeth. "The Burden of Proof and Academic Freedom: Protection for Institution or Individual?" Northwestern University Law Review 82 (1988): 492-539. Metzger, Walter P. "The 1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure." Law and Contemporary Problems 53 (Summer 1990): 3-77. -. "Profession and Constitution: Two Definitions of Academic Freedom in America." Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1265-1322. Metzger, Walter P., ed. The American Concept of Academic Freedom in Formation: A Collection of Essays and Reports. New York: Arno Press, 1977. The ConstitutionalStatus of Academic Freedom. New York: Arno Press, 1977. Miller, Richard H. "The Role of Academic Freedom in Defining the Faculty Employment Contract." Case Western Reserve Law Review 31 (1981): 608- 55. Mobilia, Marcia Anne. "The Academic Freedom Privilege: A Sword or a Shield?" Vermont Law Review 9 (1984): 43-67. Monypenny, Phillip. "Toward a Standard for Student Academic Freedom." Law and Contemporary Problems 28 (1963): 625-35. Morris, Arval A. "Academic Freedom and Loyalty Oaths." Law and Contemporary Problems 28 (1963): 487-514. Moskowitz, Ivor R. and Richard E. Casagrande. "Teachers and the First Amendment: Academic Freedom and Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies under 42 U.S.C. Section 1983." Albany Law Review 39 (1975): 661-705. Murphy, William P. "Academic Freedom-An Emerging Constitutional Right." Law and Contemporary Problems 28 (1963): 447-86. Note. "Academic Freedom and Federal Regulation of University Hiring." HarvardLaw Review 92 (1979): 879-97. Note. "Academic Freedom and the University Title VII Suit after University of Pennsylvania v. EEOC and Brown v. Trustees of Boston University." Vanderbilt Law Review 43 (1990): 1571-1606 (authored by Clisby Louise Hall Barrow). Note. "Academic Freedom for Public Universities after Widmar v. Vincent." University of Bridgeport Law Review 4 (1983): 335-58 (authored by Melanie B. Abbott). Note. "Academic Freedom: How Does Florida Stand?" University of FloridaLaw Review 17 (1965): 564-85 (authored by Jere E. Lober). Note. "Academic Freedom Privilege: An Excessive Solution to the Problem of Protecting Confidentiality." University of CincinnatiLaw Review 51 (1982): 326-52 (authored by Carol A. Remler). Page 381: Summer 19901 ACADEMIC FREEDOM: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Note. "Academic Freedom vs. Title VII: Will Equal Opportunity Be Denied on Campus?" Ohio State Law Journal 42 (1981): 989-1004 (authored by John J. Byrnes). Note. "Balancing Academic Freedom and Civil Rights: Toward an Appropriate Privilege for the Votes of Academic Peer Review Committees." Iowa Law Review 68 (1983): 585-600 (authored by Julia A. Wentz). Note. "The Bertrand Russell Case: The History of a Litigation." HarvardLaw Review 53 (1940): 1192-97. Note. "The Bertrand Russell Litigation." University of Chicago Law Review 8 (1941): 316-25. Note. "The Challenge to Antidiscrimination Enforcement on Campus: Consideration of an Academic Freedom Privilege." St. John's Law Review 57 (1983): 546-71 (authored by Joanne F. Catanese). Note. "Civil Rights-Academic Freedom, Secrecy and Subjectivity as Obstacles to Proving a Title VII Sex Discrimination Suit in Academia." North Carolina Law Review 60 (1982): 438-50 (authored by R. Joyce Burriss Garrett). Note. "Constitutional Law-Civil Rights-Refusal to Renew Employment Contract of Professor in Absence of Tenure or Employment Contract." Wayne Law Review 16 (1969): 252-59 (authored by Gilbert D. Butson). Note. "Constitutional Law-Restriction of the First Amendment in an Academic Environment." Kansas Law Review 22 (1974): 597-605 (authored by Mary L. Barrier). Note. "The Double-Edged Sword of Academic Freedom: Cutting the Scales of Justice in Title VII Litigation." Washington University Law Quarterly 65 (1987): 445-70 (authored by William A. Kohlburn). Note. "Economically Necessitated Faculty Dismissals as a Limitation on Academic Freedom." Denver LawJournal52 (1975): 911-37 (authored by Charles P. Leder). Note. "Evidence-Privileges-A Privilege Based on Academic Freedom Does Not Insulate a University from Disclosing Confidential Employment Information." Mississippi Law Journal 52 (1982): 493-508 (authored by Sally A. Atkinson). Note. "Papish v. University of Missouri: First Amendment Due Process and the University." UMKC Law Review 42 (1974): 390-95 (authored by Eric Tanner). Note. "Preventing Unnecessary Intrusions on University Autonomy: A Proposed Academic Freedom Privilege." California Law Review 69 (1981): 1538-68 (authored by Charles F. Stevens). LAW AND CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS [Vol. 53: No. 3

Note. "The Role of Academic Freedom in Defining the Faculty Employment Contract." Case Western Reserve Law Review 31 (1981): 608-55 (authored by Richard H. Miller). Note. "The Second Circuit Strikes a Balance Between Academic Freedom and Individual Employment Rights." Brooklyn Law Review 50 (1984): 627-55 (authored by Betsey Nathan). Note. "Title VII and Academic Freedom: The Authority of the EEOC to Investigate College Faculty Tenure Decisions." Boston College Law Review 28 (1987): 559-94 (authored by Ieuan G. Mahony). Note. "University of Pennsylvania v. EEOC and Dixon v. Rutgers: Two Supreme Courts Speak on the Academic Freedom Privilege." Rutgers Law Review 42 (1990): 1089-1131 (authored by David McMillin). O'Neil, Robert M. "The AAUP at 75: Three Academic Freedom Challenges." Academe: Bulletin of the American Association of University Professors 77 (Jan.- Feb. 1991): 32-33. "Academic Freedom and the Constitution." Journal of College and University Law 11 (1984): 275-92.

-. "Artistic Freedom and Academic Freedom." Law and Contemporary Problems 53 (Summer 1990): 177-93. "Scientific Research and the First Amendment: An Academic Privilege." U.C. Davis Law Review 16 (1983): 837-55. Pettigrew, Harry W. "'Constitutional Tenure': Toward a Realization of Academic Freedom." Case Western Reserve Law Review 22 (1971): 475- 514. Pincoffs, Edmund L., ed. The Concept of Academic Freedom. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1975. Poulos, John W. "Foreword (The Academy in the Courts: A Symposium on Academic Freedom)." U.C. Davis Law Review 16 (1983): 831-35. __. "Does Academic Freedom Limit Faculty Autonomy?" Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1405-30. Rabban, David M. "A Functional Analysis of 'Individual' and 'Institutional' Academic Freedom Under the First Amendment." Law and Contemporary Problems 53 (Summer 1990): 227-301. Ramirez, M. Christina, "The Balance of Interests Between National Security Controls and First Amendment Interest in Academic Freedom."Journal of College and University Law 13 (1986): 179-227. "Report of the Committee on Freedom of Expression at Yale." 4 (1975): 357-90. Recent Development. "Church Licensed Professors: The Curran Controversy." Journal of College and University Law 13 (1987): 375-95 Page 38 1: Summer 1990] ACADEMIC FREEDOM: BIBLIOGRAPHY

(authored by Judith L. Andrews, Phuong-Lien Dang and Timothy M. McLean). Recent Development. "A Qualified Academic Freedom Privilege in Employment Litigation: Protecting Higher Education or Shielding Discrimination?" Vanderbilt Law Review 40 (1987): 1397-1432 (authored by Jayna Jacobson Partain). Roche, George. "The Still-Open Issue." Detroit College of Law Review 4 (1988): 929-35. Rose, Arnold M. Libel and Academic Freedom. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1968. Sanders, Jane. Cold War on the Campus: Academic Freedom at the University of Washington, 1946-64. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1979. Scanlan, John A. "Aliens in the Marketplace of Ideas: The Government, the Academy and the McCarran-Walter Act." Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1481-1546. Schneider, Elizabeth M. "Political Interference in Law School Clinical Programs: Reflections on Outside Interference and Academic Freedom." Journal of College and University Law 11 (1984): 179-213. Schrecker, Ellen W. No Ivory Tower: McCarthyism and the Universities. New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986. Sherman, Edward F. "The Immigration Laws and the 'Right to Hear' Protected by Academic Freedom." Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1547- 59. Shulman, Carol H. "Employment of Nontenured Faculty: Some Implications of Roth and Sindermann." Denver Law Journal 51 (1974): 215-33. Smith, T.V. "Academic Freedom Revisited." In Vision and Action: Essays in Honor of Horace M. Kallen on His 70th Birthday, edited by Sidney Ratner, 3-26. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1953. Smolla, Rodney A. "Academic Freedom, Hate Speech, and the Idea of a University." Law and Contemporary Problems 53 (Summer 1990): 195-225. Stewart, George R. The Year of the Oath: The Fight for Academic Freedom at the University of California. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1950. Reprint. New York: Da Capo Press, 1971. Sutherland, Arthur E. "The American Teacher's Freedom and Responsibility." Journal of the Society of Public Teachers of Law 3 (1956): 220-32. Tepker, Jr., Harry F. "Title VII, Equal Employment Opportunity, and Academic Autonomy: Toward a Principled Deference." U.C. Davis Law Review 16 (1983): 1047-88. Thomson, Judith Jarvis. "Ideology and Faculty Selection." Law and Contemporary Problems 53 (Summer 1990): 155-76. LAW AND CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS [Vol. 53: No. 3 Van Alstyne, William W. "Academic Freedom and the First Amendment in the Supreme Court of the United States: An Unhurried Historical Review." Law and Contemporary Problems 53 (Summer 1990):79-154. "The Constitutional Rights of Teachers and Professors." Duke Law Journal (1970): 841-79. "Political Speakers at State Universities: Some Constitutional Considerations." University of Pennsylvania Law Review 11 (1963): 328- 42. "The Specific Theory of Academic Freedom and the General Issue of ." Annals of the American Academy of Politicaland Social Science 404 (1972): 140-56. Reprinted in The Concept of Academic Freedom, edited by Edmund L. Pincoffs, 59-85. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1975. "Student Academic Freedom and the Rule-Making Powers of Public Universities: Some Constitutional Considerations." Law in Transition Quarterly 2 (1965): 1-34. Vickory, Frank A. "The Impact of Open-Meetings Legislation on Academic Freedom and the Business of Higher Education." American Business Law journal 24 (1986): 427-48. Walter, Paul H. L. "Academic Freedom-Seventy Years Later." Academe: Bulletin of the American Association of University Professors 72 (Sept.-Oct. 1986): la-5a. Weston, Michael C. "'Outside' Activities of Faculty Members." Journal of College and University Law 7 (1980-81): 68-77. White, William R., Jr. "The Bertrand Russell Case Again: Professor Hamilton's Law." Fordham Law Review 10 (1941): 205-16. York, Kenneth H. "Legal Nature of Academic Freedom." The Brief 48 (1953): 246-56. Yudof, Mark G. "Intramural Musings on Academic Freedom: A Reply to Professor Finkin." Texas Law Review 66 (1988): 1351-57. "Three Faces of Academic Freedom." Loyola Law Review 32 (1987): 831- 58.