Jurnal Bina Praja 10 (2) (2018): 241-250 JURNAL BINA PRAJA e-ISSN: 2503-3360 | p-ISSN: 2085-4323

Accreditation Number 21/E/KPT/2018

http://jurnal.kemendagri.go.id/index.php/jbp/index Evaluation of Local Government Innovation Program in Province

Simon Sumanjoyo Hutagalung*, Dedy Hermawan Department of Public Administration, Universitas Lampung Jl. Prof. Dr. Ir. Sumantri Brojonegoro No. 1, Gedong Meneng, Rajabasa, Kota , Lampung 35141,

Received: 1 August 2018; Accepted: 6 November 2018; Published online: 13 November 2018

DOI: 10.21787/jbp.10.2018.241-250

Abstract The problem of public services capacity, such as budget, infrastructure, and social capital in regions, is a threat to the social conditions of the community if serious efforts are not anticipated by the local government. Therefore, it needs an alternative model as an option to address the problem of capacity. This study seeks to illustrate the efforts of new autonomous local governments in building public service capacity in new autonomous regions to identify the dynamics of sustainable public service capacity building in new autonomous regions and to design a model of the sustainable public service capacity building to strengthen the autonomous region. This model tries to achieve an intergenerational aspect of development. The research method used in this study is a qualitative approach that combines secondary data and primary data. Data were collected from three local governments with best practices in public service capacity management. The data were analyzed using an interactive model. The research showed that when the program capacity is well designed, it will produce good program sustainability capabilities as well, otherwise if the program capacity faces many obstacles and it will produce poor sustainability capabilities. The strengthening of innovative programs in the public service sector needs to adopt the role model of public sector innovation initiative. The model emphasizes the importance of identifying the role of innovation that is designed in a program to the

Keywords:real problems Program faced Innovation, so that later Sustainability, public confidence Strengthening about Roles, the urgency Local Government of innovation can be achieved.

I. Introduction New regions as a result of regional autonomy Increasing the capacity of public services policies in principle have the same function to the through a territorial approach is an argument that community (Syamsudin, 2005, p. 18). The new has succeeded in realizing new regions in Indonesia. regional government in this context still has an However, the correlative argument between the obligation to carry out public service activities that formation of new regions and the improvement of are very good for the people in their region, although public services also experienced opposite conditions, it is known that the new autonomous regions where not all regions succeeded in encouraging the generally do not have the capacity of infrastructure optimization of public services (Brata, 2008, p. 1). and resources that can provide optimal contribution This gives an initial indication that there are indeed to the delivery of public services (Hutagalung, 2010, problems in the division of regions because public welfare and public services have not changed for buildings, employee procurement, boundary issues, pp. 98–102). Administrative problems such as office the better after separating from the main region (Bappenas, 2007, p. 5). and other administrative aspects are still major challengesallocation andfor local provision governments of financial in autonomous resources

* Corresponding Author © 2018 Simon Sumanjoyo Hutagalung, Dedy Hermawan Phone : +62 815 4019 877 241 This work is licensed under the Creative Email : [email protected] Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0 International License. regions (Wismono, Ramdhani, & A., 2015, pp. 362– brings unused thoughts and ideas, from the interior 381). or exterior organization; (3) the presence of a Paying attention to regional developments emergency characterized as the failure to expect current and future public issues; (4) the inside is important because it is a need that has to be managedthat are specificallyin a planned implemented manner from in aan new early region age the changes within the environment, the failure to to avoid management mistakes that will cause incorporateissues, to be publicspecific demands the disappointment in a program, to the reply issue to stagnation to communities in the area. The context of asset, and the disappointment to make different of sustainable regional development becomes arrangements; and (5) the emergence of unused relevant. The problem of public services capacity is openings, such as the creation of various sorts of the focus that must be prepared to implement the regional economy (Hutagalung, 2012, pp. 34–42). society (Borins, 2001, p. 73). Considering the capacity of good public services modernIn the advances Indonesian influencing context, the not way all ofinnovations life of the will have a long-term positive impact, even reaching carried out by local governments are successful. across generations so capacity building efforts The variability of the applied innovation is shown were carried out through various innovations in by research conducted by a scholar (Aminah & local government management. The presence of Wardani, 2018, p. 16) on seven (7) Districts selected innovations that occur naturally or which are the to represent Human Development Index (HDI), result of adoption from the private sector will produce such as Palembang, Surakarta, Bandung and Batam many impacts (Hartley, 2005, pp. 27–34), including and also represented Low HDI regions: Pesawaran, the presence of an added value in interpreting public Bangkalan, and West Lombok showed that the affairs (Wahyudi, 2016). The success of innovation factors of factorization interpretation, regulatory in the scope of local government is determined readiness, leadership, innovation culture and by various factors, including communication and facilities, and infrastructure were in high category, implementing capacity (Hartiningsih, 2016, p. 293). while the preparedness factor from the coordination In the long term, the presence of innovation in local and facilitation faced by stakeholders was also low government will encourage the success of regional category cooperation. The results show that all development (Sitompul & Sumule, 2016, p. 317). the factors supporting the innovation except for Nowadays, innovation is profoundly vital for facilitation and coordination in high HDI are superior public organizations. In this manner, agreeing to to low HDI regions. The relationship between the supporting factors reveals that there are three types improvement of innovation for public organizations of relationships: important, important, and not very is(Mulgan considered & Albury, important. 2003, p.It 2),should the definitionbe centered of theon important. These conditions then stimulate further the public segment: it makes a difference in public research in different regions, especially in Lampung administrations to make strides execution and Province. increment public esteem; react to the desires of The results of the Indonesian Ombudsman citizens and adapt to the requirements of clients; survey in Lampung Province found that 80% of SKPDs in Lampung Province was included in the costs. It also mentioned a few reasons why public red zone, which meant that there was a low level sectorincrement must benefitsenhance, proficiencynamely: (1) andto reply minimize more of compliance with the public service law, 15% was successfully (2) to incorporate cost components categorized in the yellow zone or the middle zone, and progress effectiveness; (3) to move forward which means medium in the level of compliance, the delivery of public administration, counting at and 5% enter the green zone which means a high regions with little advance within the past; (4) to level of compliance in the implementation of completely understand the data and communication Law 25 of 2009 on Public Services (Ombudsman advances since it has been demonstrated to extend Indonesia, 2014, p. 33). The survey was conducted again in the period of April-August 2016. The survey (Mulgan & Albury, 2003, pp. 4–9). was carried out with the object of assessment of effectivenessMeanwhile, and the adequacy development of benefit of conveyanceinnovation administrative service products in each organizer. in worldwide open administration and the The results did improve, 4 local governments in organizational segment is driven by a few Lampung reached the green zone, the Lampung conditions. Some of the worldwide conditions are Provincial Government, Bandar Lampung, , and Tanggamus, while was the request of political system, counting the proper still in the yellow zone. This condition also indicates throughsummarized the order into five of the bunches, election, among enactment, others; and (1) that the capacity of public service is still unstable weight from lawmakers; (2) the development in Lampung Province despite having initiated various regional innovation programs (Kurniawan, of unused authority, to be specific a leader who Jurnal Bina Praja 10 (2) (2018): 241-250 242 2016, p. 578). The best innovation, which is mobile sampling technique in obtaining information from hospitals carried out by the Lampung Provincial Government and become the best innovation also commonly used to obtain representative new program is actually experiencing a variety of informationa very specific (Panacek population. & Thompson, Sample judgment 2007, pp. is resource constraints that have not been able to 75–78). This technique was chosen considering expand the program widely (Stiawan, 2017, p. 98). the depth of the concept and technical program On the other hand, the capacity of the government that must be chosen by the researcher so that the apparatus as the initiators and implementers of the regional government innovations also experienced examined was given to the local government and agreedjustification by the for researcher. choosing The the data best was program taken tofrom be research on 33 IV Diklatpim participants who came the range of May 15, 2017, to January 5, 2018. frompessimism, Pringsewu as was District. identified Only from one Mukhlistype of change(2016) The informants in this study were the program project enter the productive type of innovation, on executives, the heads of agencies/board/service the contrary there are 20 (twenty) change projects groups and the target groups of the programs that are not included in the innovation category selected by a snowball. Field data collection for because all of them are the main tasks and functions this research was carried out with techniques of the regional work units in which the IV Diklatpim developed in qualitative approaches, namely: (1) participants serve (Mukhlis, 2016, p. 21). From Interviews with ten key informants using interview these conditions, it can be inferred that the problem guides, including as informants in this research are in the innovation of local government in Lampung the heads of bureau/board, the program executing Province is in the aspect of human resources and apparatus and the target groups of the programs supporting infrastructure resources that must be selected by snowball technique, interviews were developed in a sustainable manner. recorded and transcripts were made (2) Direct Based on the background of the problem, observation of the research location, and (3) the following research questions are generated Documentation review. After the data collected, it to evaluate the innovation program; (1) How is will be analyzed qualitatively by using an interactive the capacity and sustainability of the innovative analysis model where the data are analyzed by a program of public service of the local government qualitative descriptive method. This stage through in Lampung Province ? (2) What is the appropriate several stages, namely: (1) data reduction. (2) model of sustainable public service capacity data presentation, and (3) draw conclusions. In development in the context of strengthening this phase, the researchers conducted an inference regional autonomy in the regional government in Lampung Province? & Huberman, 1992, pp. 173–177). Interactive databased analysis on the interpretationmodel was chosen of field because findings it(Miles was II. Method able to explain the massive data into the detailed This study uses a qualitative approach that describes and explains the symptoms and trends identification and summarize everything. in emerging phenomena. This qualitative method III. Results and Discussion was chosen because it was able to summarize and explain the symptoms of interaction between A. Analysis of Public Service Innovation implementers and the programs implemented. This Program Capacity and Sustainability approach is used to test objects in natural conditions, where researchers are a key instrument with data 1) Analysis of Public Service Innovation Programs collection techniques performed in triangulation, in Local Governments in Lampung inductive data analysis and research results that The free health care program (P2KM) in emphasize the meaning of generalization (Sugiyono, Bandarlampung has been effective. This was 2000, p. 35). The research location includes the observed from several indicators, accuracy of the local government in Lampung Province which then target of the free health care program (P2KM) of purposively selected 3 representative regions; Bandarlampung community that had been achieved, Bandar Lampung, North Lampung, and Pesawaran. the program socialization that had been carried out Of the three regions determined through judgment directly and indirectly by using print media such as billboards and banners, the achievement of the the local government. goal of free P2KM health service program) in the sampling, each of the flagship programs agreed by A judgmental sampling design is usually used city of Bandarlampung that has been achieved and when a number of analytical units have interesting monitoring and supervision of free health services properties. This design is the only appropriate (P2KM) in Bandarlampung that has been carried

Evaluation of Local Government Program in Lampung Province Simon Sumanjoyo Hutagalung, Dedy Hermawan 243 out by the organizer. This program is valid from January 1, 2015, locations. Some items that become the benchmark which is guaranteed by the City Government of ofsatisfied satisfaction with thefrom internet internet program access wereusers only are lackin 4 Bandarlampung in the Mayor Regulation No. of facilities and infrastructure provided by the local 24 of 2014 and is shown to all the people of government and non-current internet access. The 4 Bandarlampung so that the community becomes points are South Abung Saprodi, Kotabumi Koramil, comfortable, so there is no reason if there is no Kotabumi Ramayana Fruit Market, and Bukit cost, because it is borne by the City Government Kemuning Market. Researchers found the facts in the of Bandarlampung. Bandarlampung Government, Ramayana Kotabumi Fruit Market, internet access to health centers have carried out the program didfield not that run on smoothly one of the and free sometimes internet sites internet namely access the objectivesBandarlampung by providing Health free Office medical and UPT services related to the people of Bandarlampung. This is evidenced at the Ramayana Fruit Market location, Kotabumi by the number of people who do not have other cannotcould not be beused. used That or is,died, the evenservices now provided accessing to wifi the health insurance treatments by using KK and KTP community are less than optimal. in Bandarlampung. Disease health services are also According to informants, the location of free not only a common disease but for diseases that must be treated by the hospital as well, in addition because of its non-strategic location, such as at the to hospitalized patients also have been borne by the Ramayanawifi installations fruit market in North located Lampung at the is location ineffective of City Government of Bandarlampung. In addition,

Bandarlampung and the Department of Population location,the Military Abung Police South, Complaint placed Service at the Office photocopy using cooperation between the City Health Office of locationonly office where users, facilities then at the and intersection infrastructure of Saprodi were health service procedure is to provide convenience not provided, then at the location of Kotabumi toand service Civil andproviders Hospital and is service very petrified recipients. in the free Koramil Square, placed at a location at the Koramil The supporting factors for the free health care program (P2KM) in Bandarlampung are; Mayor’s the people of North Lampung Regency and feels Regulation of Kota Bandarlampung No. 24 of 2014 Office, Kotabumi. This program is very helpful for concerning free treatment, as well as cooperative effort from the North Lampung Communication relations between government agencies. While andsatisfied Information with this Service program. in improving But this program the quality lacks of the inhibiting factor of this health care program human resources in North Lampung, the relevant is the lack of public awareness to bring the data agencies do not do training on ICT so that there are requirements or discrepancies between KK and still found some person who is still technologically KTP and citizens who have not taken care of the unsuccessful or unable to access the internet. citizenship of Bandarlampung. This makes the positive way. service hampered due to data mismatch, or the Based on the results of the study, it can be residents themselves do not carry the original concluded that the goal of free internet programs card and the requirements for identity cards and in North Lampung District in supporting public photocopies. Citizens who want to seek treatment literacy has not been well achieved. It can be seen should have prepared requirements for smooth that only one is achieved from both objectives, in patient care. Meanwhile, a free internet program in North terms of facilitating access to information quickly Lampung can be said to be not optimal because andthe firstaccurately point, namely the desired Helping information, the general has public been in achieved seen through the satisfaction felt by the and Information does not have a program guide, North Lampung Regency, the community is assisted therethe North is no LampungSOP that Officemust be of implemented Communication to by a temporary goal the second is to improve the quality of human resources in North Lampung and Information Technology runs this program because most internet access users in North basedrun the on program. government The policy Office and of Communicationbased on the Lampung use it to play online games, and there are still people who don’t know how to use the internet. Communication and Information. In implementing Pesawaran has a Home Care Program as its vision and mission of the North Lampung Office of Communication and Information does not have a to door health program by conducting nursing care programthis program, guide, there the Northis no SOP. Lampung This free Office internet of individually,flagship program. family, Homeor groups Care to Programimprove a is clean a home and program is implemented without structured healthy lifestyle of the community continuously and procedures. Based on the results of the analysis, the comprehensively in the hope that the community is researcher saw that people who claimed not to be independent and aware. Make it easier for people

Jurnal Bina Praja 10 (2) (2018): 241-250 244 who cannot afford health services to just wait at home The results of the implementation have not gone well because there are still many that have not regularly and thoroughly. Home Care programs and been achieved in the main goal of Home Care is to familyand wait doctors for Home almost Care have officers the same to check duties their and health roles encourage people to live healthily and not everyone in doing home health services, it is only a difference gets Home Care services. The community is an if Home Care functions as a temporary preventive inhibiting factor because they still have not changed the idea that if there are disease risk factors must doctors to have both and added with care. For Home (promotive) health notification service for family are cases of risk factors in their village that can be to treat patients who are served but must consult preventedreport to the and Home directed Care to officer get health to find services. out if there Care officers themselves, it can actually also be used are on duty because they are only allowed to treat 2) Analysis of the Implementation and first with a doctor at a health center where they Sustainability Capacity of the Innovation drug rather than a doctor’s prescription. And for Program familyonly first doctors, aid and they their can medication provide treatment is also a standard directly The results of the analysis of each innovative and only conspire with families of patients without program from the area are then compared using a outside interference. strategic triangle approach. The strategic triangle Analysis of the Home Care Program resulted approach presented by Moore (1995) can be in the conclusion that implementation in the borrowed to test the feasibility of innovation ideas. Pesawaran area was still less successful in its There are three elements that must work together implementation. This can be seen from the 6 so that strategic ideas and major innovations can indicators according to Wirawan (2012, pp. 19–21) be implemented to realize strategic changes in process evaluation consisting of factors assessed, the organization, namely clear mission and goals, namely: (1) Service Program. The form of Home support and legitimacy, and organization and Care program is nursing care from house to house operations. In addition, there are three tests that need with individuals, families, or groups with the main to be done to assess the idea of innovation or change can be continued, namely, the idea is substantively (promotive) with the aim of the community to make valuable, the potential for sustainability both legally atask clean as and prevention healthy lifestyle, (Preventive) as well and as a notificationcompanion and politically sustainable, and technically and while being treated with a doctor, (2) Service operationally feasible (Moore, 1995, p. 71). implementation Implementation of the Home Care The capacity for program implementation seems to occur differently in each program, it have not maximized their duties by providing an appears that some aspects are formed under understandingprogram is not of yetpublic effective. health, Homethe implementation Care officers optimal conditions and in other programs, there are from the beginning of the program is not up to date as it should be even though the monthly reporting results can be seen from Table 1. system and supervision of various parties, (3) conditionsFrom Table that are 1, it not can optimal. be observed The identification if the P2KM Stakeholders served. The community as the served Program in Bandar Lampung becomes a program party feels concerned about health and maintains that already has a good implementation capacity, their health and feels facilitated to receive health while the Home Care Program is a good program but services by just waiting to be visited by their home or it needs improvement and a free Internet Program by joining activities such as posyandu and posbindu, in North Lampung into a program that does not (4) Source used. Sources such as inadequate budgets have adequate capacity where there are still many for health activities because they still have to collect weaknesses. Further analysis of the strength of and request funds from the Health Operational sustainability of the three programs is analyzed and Assistance (BOK) and National Health Insurance can be observed in Table 2. Table 2 shows that the P2KM Program in Bandar Lampung has the power to continue, while facility(JKN), thegets number a vehicle, of officers medical is not equipment, enough so andthe the Home Care Program in Pesawaran has the power medicine,officers are (5) overwhelmed Program implementation to serve, and is compared their last to continue but by improving on several aspects. to what is expected in the plan. There are many Free internet programs are the most powerless improper applications such as the ideal number of a programs to become programs that are running. This program must be redesigned with a more community is not yet fully aware of the importance capacity-ready design. ofvillage a Clean official and butHealthy in reality Lifestyle two or(PHBS), more villages,and neither the From both tables, it can be observed if the program capacity is optimally designed it will the community nor officers know their role well.

Evaluation of Local Government Program in Lampung Province Simon Sumanjoyo Hutagalung, Dedy Hermawan 245 Table 1. Program Implementation Capacity Analysis

No Element Free Medical Program Free Internet Program Homecare Program 1 Mission and Objectives The mission and objectives are Missions and objectives are Mission and objectives clear because it is part of the clear, as they are part of the are clear because it is the priority program of the regional government's flagship program. flagship program of the local government. Not part of the mission and government. main objectives of local government programs, it looks like a trial program. 2 Support and Legitimacy Very strong support, from Support is at the program Strong support and legitimacy, legislative and community. executive level only. local government and community support the program. 3 Organization and The implementing organization Implementing organizations The implementing organization Operationalization involves several parties with are quite simple that only involves one specific service, the division of labor composed involve the agency, partners, the workload becomes one of so that in its operations there and technicians. Its operations the constraints other than the are not many obstacles. face technical and resource constraints of budget resources constraints and service facilities. 4 Conclusion The program has good capacity The program does not have The program has sufficient sufficient capacity capacity despite constraints.

Source: Researchers Data Analysis, 2018

Table 2. Analysis of Sustainability Aspect of Innovation Program

No Indicators Free Medical Program Free Internet Program Homecare Program 1 Has substantive value Substantively related to the Substantive not too become Substantively related to (substantively valuable) important needs of society the urgent needs of society. the important needs of the Although broad program community, though only to the objectives are yet able to enjoy service delivery aspect. only a few groups 2 Legitimately and politically The Program has strong The program appears to be The program is mandated, sustainable legitimacy because it is a project that has legitimacy meaning that it is implemented governed by Mayor Regulation, at the official/OPD level only, at the official/OPD level while politically also has the power as while in the case of political its legitimacy is strong as the a popular program in society. support is also not a major Bupati's flagship program, in concern. the political support of this program being part of the main issue, despite many notes/ criticisms. 3 Technically operational Technically operational of Technically operational Technically the operational of and administratively the program is supported found error and condition of the program is supported by feasible (operationally and by sufficient resources, resource less than optimal, the available resources, but in administratively feasible) administratively also has a administratively this program the aspect of budget support clear and legal performance implemented based on project and facilities facing the non- mechanism. planning. optimal, administratively the program is accounted by the Dinas. 4 Conclusion The program is most viable The program is not eligible to This program requires to to continue in a sustainable continue. If it is to be continued recondition if it is to be manner then it needs to be revised in continued. Aspects that need to terms of target, resources and be improved include budgetary operational mechanism. resources, facilities, and operational mechanisms.

Source: Researchers Analysis, 2018

Jurnal Bina Praja 10 (2) (2018): 241-250 246 produce good program sustainability capabilities as out to encourage the creation of participation in well, otherwise if the program capacity experiences problem-solving. many obstacles and obstacles it will result in poor While conveners are programs that have sustainability capabilities. At the same time, this the role of bringing actors in the innovation is the basis that a model needs to be designed in ecosystem together to share knowledge, resources advance in designing innovative programs that or partners to innovate. Convener strategies in are the policies of local governments, and not general include; organizing joint forums in the form just replicating other regions or imitating central of deliberations, discussions or conferences, and government programs. other events that bring diverse parties together to work out solutions to a problem in the program’s B. Capacity Building Model of Regional target group. The program in this typology seeks Government Innovation Program to increase knowledge that has a broad base and Innovations in government sectors take place strengthens the skills of target groups to solve in forms of: go beyond organizational boundaries to problems. Unifying (Integrator) is a hybrid role that serves to harmonize programs that have other roles decision-making, and production systems; tap new and increase the effectiveness of the ecosystem as poolscreate of network-based resources; exploit decision-making, government financing,capacity a whole. Integrators help articulate the goals of capacity to shape private rights and responsibilities; the innovation ecosystem and create processes and platforms that enable actors’ ecosystems in and should be evaluated in terms of the degree to other programs to work effectively, together and whichredistribute they promote the right justice to define and the and development judge value; of continuously. Integrators are different from conveners: in achieving collectively established goals (Moore while conveners function as organizers, integrators &society Hartley, as well2008, as theirpp. 78–82). efficiency Based and effectivenesson research identify actors in different programs but can partner data, capacity building from regional government with one another, make connections between them, and examine and select the right tools to create value role program innovations, namely Problem Solver, among various members of the ecosystem. Unifying Enabler,innovation Motivator, programs Convener, can be andbuilt Integrator. by adopting five (integrators) usually begins by playing one of four This model is universal and can be applied other roles and develops into an integrator when to public organizations that have challenges in the program is enhanced by taking broader steps terms of availability of resources, given this model and starting to identify other actors, developing emphasizes priority choices and complementary platforms, conducting analysis and sustainable choices in programming. When referring to the activities to maintain the running of the ecosystem. condition of most regions in Lampung Province, this model becomes relevant. conducting a careful analysis of the surrounding Public organizations can benefit from Problem Solver is the role of the program ecosystems and looking at the challenges of a created by the implementation design that is particular public sector, then adopting the right directed as a solution to certain challenges in role or combination of roles to maximize the value program objectives. This typology program is creating solutions, consisting of problem solvers innovation do not mean mutually exclusive. In many generated from the ecosystem. The five roles of who are familiar with the life cycle of innovation: cases, organizations can choose to launch initiatives coming up with new ideas, choosing the most that consist of multiple roles simultaneously. promising ideas, prototyping their solutions, and working to scale their solutions to a wider to make innovation successful, and each role Identification of roles is very important population. Empowerment (Enabler) is a role that places itself as a provider of resources, enhancing approaches. Using an innovation-based ecosystem involves applying a range of specific strategies and the capacity of executors, funding for programs approach can have a dramatic impact in overcoming that are categorized as problem-solving. So, this community challenges. If every actor in the ecosystem typology places itself as a supporting program understands its proper role and collaborates on the of the problem-solving typology. Meanwhile, motivators are program categories that provide can function more effectively. The collaborative right strategy to fulfill this role, the entire ecosystem incentives to encourage potential problem-solvers innovation is open the innovation cycle to a variety to innovate. General motivator strategies include of actors and taps into innovation resources across providing challenges and competitions that lead to borders, overcomes cultural restrictions and creates appreciation or recognition for a new innovation. In broad socio-political support for the public sector addition, the use of cooperative methods is carried of innovation (Bommert, 2010, pp. 15–33). A clear understanding of the right role can also be a valuable

Evaluation of Local Government Program in Lampung Province Simon Sumanjoyo Hutagalung, Dedy Hermawan 247 can be described using four levels: low, developing, Identification of Ecosystem Testing Program Roles: Formulation of Local Innovation intermediate, and exemplary. The study varies in • Problem Solver, Regional Innovation Program: • Enabler, terms of their capacity from one dimension to the Program (Grand • Policy, • Motivator, Design) • Socio-Economic, next, and indeed, from one subdimension to the • Convener, • Politics • Integrator next (Bourgeois & Cousins, 2013, pp. 299–319). Therefore, it is better to program implementation is compared to capacity feasibility and if deemed unable to support the program it is necessary to Preparation and Evaluation and Program Strengthening Improvement of Implementation of Program Regional Innovation capacity tends to be higher, both in terms of capacity and Control Implementation Program Capacity tostrengthen do and capacity capacity to use, first. in Inorganizations practice evaluation that have developed systematic mechanisms to institute Figure 1. Capacity Building Model of Sustainable Public evaluation culture within their walls. Interestingly, Service Through Local Innovation Program however, the capacity to use does not require

organization (Bourgeois, Whynot, & Thériault, starting point for organizations that can launch new 2015,the capacity pp. 47–55). to do, as evidenced in the non-profit innovation initiatives, help them use resources as The next stage is the implementation and control of the program. Control is an integral part with other actors. An ecosystem-based approach of implementation activities that are intended to toefficiently innovation as possible can help and organizations interact complementarily build their create consistency in achieving program goals capacity to implement the required roles more and objectives. In this context, the success of the effectively, creating infrastructure for the success of program is limited by discrepancies between sustainable innovation. The model is illustrated in personal observations and forecasts that are Figure 1. broadcasted for a large area and time. It was the The model begins with a large design of local innovation programs that prioritize improving discrepancies between the forecast and their the quality of public services. The existence of a observationsmost interesting (Houser user et that al., 2017, identified pp. 1003–1024). the largest grand design is a strategic foundation for regional apparatus organizations to translate it into various failing to achieve optimal levels because of lack of internal activities of the institution or activities Often finding good innovation programs but involving the network of institutions. This section in the consistency of program implementation. forms the basis for the vision and purpose of the Inimplementers some cases, have organizational good commitments commitment reflected is program’s existence. In the next stage, identify related to job satisfaction, behavior that arises the direction and importance of the innovation from organizational change (Yousef, 2017, pp. 77– program. Different directions and interests will 88). Therefore, strengthening commitment to the require different forms and mechanisms of the implementation of innovative programs requires program. Therefore, not all problems in an area can the preconditions for the creation of conditions of be solved with the same program. local government organizations that have a good The next stage is to test the form of the work culture. program into the programming ecosystem, in this improvement of regional innovation programs. This stageThe is a stage final that stage assesses is the the success evaluation or failure and of preciselycase, related and toclearly the targetwill result group in andthe effectiveness beneficiaries the program. Evaluation is carried out with a variety of thehigher program policy later. achievements The identification (Zenker, of 2009, both of approaches, both quantitative and qualitative and pp. 23–32). Different ecosystems will require against several indicators of the program’s objectives various forms of programs as well. In this case, the (Posavac, 2015, p. 19). Evaluation is also carried programming ecosystem includes policy legitimacy, out on stakeholders, many agree that stakeholder socio-economic conditions of the community and involvement is a central aspect of effective program political conditions. The next stage is to prepare a evaluation (Brandon & Fukunaga, 2014, pp. 26–44). series of local government capacities to implement If found obstacles that cause program failure can be the program, capacity conditions will determine corrected program design and then become material the success rate of the innovation program later. A for further innovation program preparation by well-designed innovation program will potentially referring to the grand design area of the innovation fail if it is not supported by an adequate set of program. So it can be concluded that the regional local government capacities. The capacities of the innovation program management cycle will occur. organizations on dimensions and subdimensions

In this context, the influence of MI on organizational Jurnal Bina Praja 10 (2) (2018): 241-250 248 performance both directly and indirectly through Lampung University for the support of management performance management (PM). PM is an important so that this research can be done. aspect of performance management (Walker, Damanpour, & Devece, 2011, pp. 367–386). Thus, this model will create organizational change which V. References Aminah, S., & Wardani, D. K. (2018). Readiness Analysis of Regional Innovation within the scope of their government. is reflected in the renewal of innovative programs Implementation. Jurnal Bina Praja, 10(1), 13– 26. http://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.10.2018.13- IV. Conclusion 26 The innovation program in this study Bappenas. (2007). Studi Evaluasi Pemekaran appears in a variety of forms. The P2KM program Daerah: Membangun dan Menciptakan kembali in Bandar Lampung has become a program that Proyek Tata Pemerintahan Terdesentralisasi. has good implementation capacity, while the Jakarta. Homecare Program is a good program but it Bommert, B. (2010). Collaborative Innovation in the needs improvement and a free Internet Program Public Sector. International Public Management in North Lampung to become a program that does Review, 11(1), 15–33. not have adequate capacity where there are still Borins, S. (2001). Public Management many weaknesses. The P2KM program in Bandar Innovation. The American Review of Public Lampung has the power to continue, while the Administration, 31(1), 5–21. http://doi. Home Care Program in Pesawaran has the power org/10.1177/02750740122064802 to continue but by improving on several aspects. Bourgeois, I., & Cousins, J. B. (2013). Free internet programs are the most powerless Understanding Dimensions of Organizational programs to become programs that are running. Evaluation Capacity. American Journal of This program must be redesigned with a more ready Evaluation, 34(3), 299–319. http://doi. capacity design. Finally, the conclusions resulting org/10.1177/1098214013477235 Bourgeois, I., Whynot, J., & Thériault, É. (2015). the program capacity is optimally designed it will Application of an organizational evaluation producefrom the good findings program of the sustainability program analyzed capabilities are; as if capacity self-assessment instrument to well, otherwise, if the program capacity faces many different organizations: Similarities and obstacles and it will produce poor sustainability lessons learned. Evaluation and Program capabilities. Planning, 50, 47–55. http://doi.org/10.1016/J. The capacity building model of the local EVALPROGPLAN.2015.01.004 government innovation program can be built by Brandon, P. R., & Fukunaga, L. L. (2014). The State of the Empirical Research Literature on Stakeholder Problem Solver, Enabler, Motivator, Convener, Involvement in Program Evaluation. American andadopting Integrator. five role Some program roles are innovations, often important namely Journal of Evaluation, 35(1), 26–44. http://doi. for making innovation successful, and each role org/10.1177/1098214013503699 Brata, A. (2008). Creating New Regions, Improving approaches. Taking an ecosystem-based approach Regional Welfare Equality? Creating New toinvolves innovation applying can a rangehave ofa specificdramatic strategies impact andon Regions, Improving Regional Welfare Equality? addressing community challenges. If every actor in In The Indonesian Regional Science Association the ecosystem understands its proper role and is Ninth International Conference: ”The Current and Future Issues of Regional Development, entire ecosystem can function more effectively. The Energy and Climate Change. (pp. 1–11). modelinvolved of instrengthening the right strategy the capacity to fulfill ofthis innovative role, the Palembang: IRSA. programs in local governments will be a cycle Hartiningsih, H. (2016). The Local Initiator Role that complements each other and determines the in the Adoption of Biogas Energy Innovation success of each other, however, commitment and for Household Needs in Rural Areas. Jurnal consistency are still needed in applying the model. Bina Praja, 8(2), 293–304. http://doi. org/10.21787/jbp.08.2016.293-304 Hartley, J. (2005). Innovation in Governance and Acknowledgement Public Services: Past and Present. Public Money Thank you to the Ministry of Research, and Management, 25(1), 27–34. http://doi. Technology and Higher Education who has funded org/10.1111/j.1467-9302.2005.00447.x this research through a scheme of a national strategic Houser, C., Trimble, S., Brander, R., Brewster, B. C., research grant in 2017-2018. Besides, thank you to Dusek, G., Jones, D., & Kuhn, J. (2017). Public the Institute of Research and Community Service of

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