A Checklist of Publications and Discoveries in 1996
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ARTICLE William Blake and His Circle: A Checklist of Publications and Discoveries in 1996 G. E. Bentley, Jr., Keiko Aoyama Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly, Volume 30, Issue 4, Spring 1997, pp. 121-152 William Blake and His Circle: In general, Keiko Aoyama is responsible for works in Japa nese, and I am greatly indebted to her for her meticulous A Checklist of Publications and accuracy and her patience in translating the words and con ventions of Japan into our very different context. Discoveries in 1996 I take Blake Books (1977) and Blake Books Supplement (1995), faute de mieux, to be the standard bibliographical authorities on Blake1 and have noted significant differences BY G. E. BENTLEY, JR. from them. With the Assistance ofKeiko Aoyama for N.b. I have made no attempt to record manuscripts, type Japanese Publications scripts, computer printouts, radio or television broadcasts, calendars, music, pillows,2 posters,3 published scores,"1 re 5 he annual checklist of scholarship and discoveries con corded readings and singings, rubber stamps, Tshirts, 6 Tcerning William Blake and his circle records publica tatoos, video recordings, or email related to Blake. tions for the current year (say, 1996) and those for previ The chief indices used to discover what relevant works ous years which are not recorded in Blake Books (1977) and have been published were (1) Annual Bibliography of En Blake Books Supplement (1995). The organization of the glish Language and Literature, LXVIII for 1993 (1995), pp. checklist is as follows: 37477 (#58165772); (2) BHA: Bibliography of the His tory of Art, Bibliographic d'Histoire de l'Art (1995); (3) Division I: William Blake Books in Print (October 1996); (4) British Humanities In dex 1995 (1996); (5) English and General Literature Index Part I: Editions, Translations, and Facsimiles of 19001933 (1934), pp. 17879;... 19341940 (1941), p. 121; Blake's Writings ... 19411947 (1948), pp. 15657; ... 19481954 (1955), pp. Section A: Original Editions and Reprints 19394;... 19551959 (1960), 12223; ... 19601964 (1965), Section B: Collections and Selections pp. 13536; ... 19651969 (1970), pp. 13132;... 19701974 Part II: Reproductions of his Art (1975), pp. 15052; ... 19751979 (1980), pp. 16061; ... 19801984 (1985), pp. 18182; ... 198589 (1990), 16465; Part III: Commercial Book Engravings ... 19901994 (1995), pp. 18081;(6) The Romantic Move Part IV: Catalogues and Bibliographies ment: A Selective and Critical Bibliography for 1993 (1994), Part V: Books Blake Owned pp. 6573, and (7) The Year's Work in English Studies, LXXIV Part VI: Criticism, Biography, and Scholarly for 1993 (1996) (by David Worrall). Studies Note: Collections of essays on Blake and issues of periodi I am grateful to more friends and correspondents than I cals devoted entirely to him are listed in one place, with can conveniently name, but I must offer special thanks to Julia G. Bentley (for translations from Chinese), John crossreferences to their authors. Byrne, D.W. Dorrbecker, Robert N. Essick, Arthur Free man, William Halloran, Giles Harvey, Nelson Hilton, Ted Division II: Blake's Circle Hoffman, Heather Howell, Marlborough Rare Books, This division is organized by individual (say, William Michael Millgate, Jeanne Moskal, James Northrup, Michael Hayley or John Flaxman), with works by and about Blake's O'Neill, Oxford University Press, Morton D. Paley, Mar friends and patrons, living individuals with whom he had garet Sharman, Joseph Viscomi, Xianyi Yang, and especially significant direct and demonstrable contact. It includes to Keiko Aoyama and Dr. E. B. Bentley. Thomas Butts, Thomas Hartley Cromek, George 1 Except for the states of the plates for Blake's commercial book en Cumberland, John Flaxman and his family, Henry Fuseli, gravings, where the standard authority is R. N. Essick, William Blake's Thomas and William Hayley, John Linnell and his family, Commercial Book Illustrations (1991). Samuel Palmer, James Parker, George Richmond, Thomas : For one with part of "The Tyger," see R. N. Essick, "Blake in the Stothard, and John Varley. It does not include important Marketplace, 1996," Blake, XXX (1997), hereafter cited as Essick, Mar ketplace, 1996. contemporaries with whom Blake's contact was negligible ■ E.g.,*TheTyger(Ashington,Northumberland: MidNAG [c. 1976]) or nonexistent such as John Constable and William Poster No. 35, c. 12 x 18." Wordsworth and Edmund Burke; such major figures are * For example, §Dmitri Smirnov, Jacob's Ladder: Blake's Pictures for dealt with more comprehensively elsewhere, and the light 16 Players, Op. 58 (N.Y.,1993); §Dmitri Smirnov, Shest' Stiklwyvorcnii they throw upon Blake is very dim. ... Six Poems by William Blake: For Voice and Organ (1981); §Dmitri Reviews listed here are only for books which are sub Smirnov, Vremena Goda ...: The Seasons for Violin, Flute, Viola, and Harp (1986). 1 stantially about Blake, not for those with only, say, a chap For stamps of America and Essick's portrait of Blake made by a ter on Blake. These reviews are listed under the book re Santa Barbara firm, see Essick, Marketplace, 1996. viewed; the authors of the reviews may be recovered from 6 For a tattoo (1993) of "The Ancient of Days" on the left leg of the index. Charles A. Bufalino, see Essick, Marketplace, 1996. Spring 1997 Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly 121 I should also like to express my gratitude for and joy in a be able to supply and on which I can therefore scarcely com- Visiting Research Fellowship at Hatfield College, where ment. much of the work on this checklist was done in the au- In terms of Blake's original works, the most tantalizing is tumn of 1996, and to my colleagues there in the English the discovery of a broken pair of spectacles in Blake's cot- department of Durham University. tage in Felpham which could have belonged to the poet. A good deal of new information about the earliest series Symbols of colored facsimiles of Blake's works in illuminated print- ing by William Muir has been discovered in the Crookshank *Works prefixed by an asterisk include one or more il- Collection in the West Sussex Record Office in Chichester. lustrations by Blake or depicting him. If there are more These give details of when copies were sold and which origi- than 19 illustrations, the number is specified. If the illus- nals were reproduced. They also include fascinating inscrip- trations include all those for a work by Blake, say Thel or tions attributed to Blake from Thel (A) and Marriage of Cotnus, the work is identified. Heaven and Hell (F) and the allegation that Marriage (F) §Works preceded by a section mark are reported on se- once belonged to Dante Gabriel Rossetti. cond-hand authority. Blake's designs for Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress have been 18 Numbers prefixed to Blake's manuscripts, original edi- sold by the Frick Collection in New York, where they were tions, and commercial engravings are the standard ones for half a century, and they are now in a private collection which identify them in Blake Books. in England. Among Blake's commercial book engravings, there are a Abbreviations good many new locations recorded here, and a facsimile has been published of George Cumberland's Attempt to De BB G.E. Bentley, Jr., Blake Books (1977) scribe Hafod (1996), though with no new information as to BBS Blake Books Supplement (1995) whether Blake had a hand in the engravings in it. And a Blake Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly great store of information about Lavater's Essays on Physi ognomy, in the archive of John Murray, not only demon- Introduction strates the conditions in which one of the most distin- guished illustrated books of the century was produced but The number of publications recorded on Blake in this records what Blake was paid for his small part in the enor- checklist for 1996 is very considerable: over 160 essays, 136 mous undertaking. reviews, 13 books on Blake, 14 editions of his poetry, and The most impressive and significant of the catalogues re- 10 exhibitions and catalogues of his work in languages as corded here is Robin Hamlyn's William Blake: visiones de diverse as Catalan, Chinese, Czeck, English, French, Ger- mundos eternas for the 1996 exhibition in Madrid. Most of man, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, the essays except for Hamlyn's are curiously irrelevant to Russian, Scotch, Spanish, and Swedish. However, the flood Blake and to the pictures and books exhibited, but the works of new publications is not nearly so great as this implies, shown are extensive and of the first class, and the 180 color for there are only 54 essays, 67 reviews, and nine books plates include complete reproductions of Songs of Innocence from 1996 recorded here. The even larger number of es- (X), Europe (B), and Job. As there has been very little pub- says and reviews dating from 1784 to 1995 were first no- lication about Blake in Spanish before 1996, this is an as- ticed in a variety of sources, chiefly English and General tonishing accomplishment. Literature Index for 1900-94 and the on-line catalogue of A large proportion of the essays and reviews published the Research Libraries Group. on Blake in 19967 appeared in Blake/An Illustrated Quar The 14 editions of Blake's poetry newly noted here are terly, in Journal of the Blake Society at St James, and in vol- mostly of small significance; editions of the Songs trans- umes of reprinted essays edited by Noriko Kawasaki and lated into Spanish (1987) and Chinese (1988), collections David Punter. One of the most rewarding of the new essays in Chinese (1973), Latvian (1981), Portuguese (1977), Rus- is that by Joseph Viscomi in Blake, displaying a vast range sian (1993), and Scotch (1988), three broadsides (1930, of new information about Blake's faithful patron Thomas 1968, 1980), and an "Office Drawn from" the Marriage and Butts.