DOCSLIB.ORG

The Evolution of Turkey's Foreign Policy: the Truman Doctrine and Turkey's Entry Into NATO

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Evolution of Turkey's Foreign Policy: the Truman Doctrine and Turkey's Entry Into NATO Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 6-1987 The Evolution of Turkey's Foreign Policy: The Truman Doctrine and Turkey's Entry into NATO Sinan Toprak Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the International Law Commons, and the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation Toprak, Sinan, "The Evolution of Turkey's Foreign Policy: The Truman Doctrine and Turkey's Entry into NATO" (1987). Master's Theses. 1284. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/1284 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EVOLUTION OF TURKEY'S FOREIGN POLICY: THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE AND TURKEY'S ENTRY INTO NATO fay Sinan Toprak A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of Political Science Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan June 1987 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE EVOLUTION OF TURKEY'S FOREIGN POLICY: THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE AND TURKEY'S ENTRY INTO NATO Sinan Toprak, M.A. Western Michigan University, 1987 This thesis examines the historical development of Turkey's foreign policy up to the period immediately following World War II, and its decision to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The study begins with a survey of Turkey's geo­ political importance. The narrative highlights political conditions from the Ottoman period to the years following World War II. Domestic political developments, as well as foreign relations of Turkey in the Republican period, are analyzed. Turkey's current foreign policy was established during the initial years following World War II. The thesis discusses the reasons for the shift in Turkey's foreign policy, from peaceful co-existence to its enterance into bloc politics. The impact of the Truman Doctrine, how it influenced Turkish-Soviet and Turkish-American relations, and how the combination of domestic and foreign factors facilitated Turkey's alignment with the Western bloc are examined. Finally the personalities and institutions who influenced Turkey's foreign policy decisions are discussed. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank members of my thesis committee, Professors Lawrence Ziring, Ernest E.Rossi, and Jack C.Plano, for their encouragement and constructive criticism. I owe a real debt of gratitude to Dr. Lawrence Ziring, who spent a considerable amount of time working with me on this thesis. I also acknowledge the Political Science Department for granting me a graduate assistantship and allowing me to use the Department's computer. For the editorial assistance, I would like to express my appreciation to my colleague and friend Thomas K.Kostrzewa. And, thank you Anne for your love and patience. I also wish to thank Ayhan Erinc, M.D. who sponsored me in the United States and provided moral and material support during my graduate studies. Finally, I owe the greatest debt to my parents for supporting me morally and financially in every stage of my studies. Sinan Toprak Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)” . If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again-beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Order Number 1331051 The evolution of Turkey’s foreign policy: The Truman Doctrine and Turkey's entry into NATO Toprak, Sinan, M.A. Western Michigan University, 1987 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rcl Ann Aibor, M I 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V . 1. Glossy photographs or pages_____ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print______ 3. Photographs with dark background 4. Illustrations are poor copy _____ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy______ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page_______ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages. X 8. Print exceeds margin requirements ______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine_______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print_______ 11. Page(s) ___________lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received 16. Other University Microfilms International Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . ......... ............... ii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ......... ..... 1 N o t e s ..................... 5 II. TURKEY'S STRATEGIC POSITION IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ........................ ..... 6 Turkey's Changing Political Geography . 6 Historical Background: Ottoman Period . 8 The Turkish Straits and the Post World War I P e r i o d ............ 22 Geographic Setting of The Turkish Republic . 24 N o t e s .................... 26 III. THE TURKISH REPUBLIC ............... 31 Domestic Political Developments ...... 31 Foreign Relations of Turkey ............. 3 6 Immediate Aftermath of World War II . 43 N o t e s ........... 50 IV. TURKEY AND THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE ........ 56 Peaceful Co-Existence Prior to World War II 56 American Policy toward Turkey Prior to World War I I .................... 71 Notes ................................. .. 84 iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table of Contents— Continued CHAPTER V. TURKEY JOINS NATO .............. 90 From the Truman Doctrine to the Marshall Plan .................... ......... 90 Turkey and N A T O .............. ... 95 Notes .................................. 112 VI. DECISION MAKING IN TURKEY'S POLITICS: PERSONALITIES AND INSTITUTIONS ................. 117 Post World War II Turkey: Inonu and the Passing of RPP ....................... 118 The Menderes Era,1950-60: Promises and Performance............... ............... 129 N o t e s ........................ .... 140 VII. CONCLUSION . .......................... 144 Notes ........... 150 APPENDICES ....... ............................. 151 A. M a p s ........... 152 B. T a b l e s ................. 157 BIBLIOGRAPHY........................ 160 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION After World War II, Turkey's foreign policy emphasized ties with the United States and Western Europe, and its national security necessitated full-fledged membership in Western alliances. This dependence
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Modernization of the European Union's Customs Union with Turkey
    Working Paper SWP Working Papers are online publications within the purview of the respective Research Division. Unlike SWP Research Papers and SWP Comments they are not reviewed by the Institute. CENTRE FOR APPLIED TURKEY STUDIES(CATS) | WP NR. 05, SEPTEMBER 2020 The Modernization of the European Union's Customs Union with Turkey Turkey's Pro-Customs Union Rhetoric and Recent Approach of Turkish Political and Business Decision-Makers Doruk Arbay Contents The project 3 The future of the EU's Customs Union with Turkey 3 Summary 4 Current Status and Approach of Turkish Political and Business Decision-Makers 4 A Brief Recap of the Customs Union and Transformation 6 Origins of Motivation for a Modernized Customs Union 9 Current Stance of the Turkish Administration, Political Parties and Business Organizations towards Modernization of the Customs Union 10 Government and the Administration 10 Opposition Parties and the Nationalist Movement Party 22 Business Decision-Makers 26 Future and Conclusion 31 Abbreviations 34 The project The future of the EU's Customs Union with Turkey Still a candidate for membership in the European Union, Turkey has outgrown the status of one-sided dependency on the EU. Ankara developed a more independent foreign policy that entails both areas for cooperation with Brussels but also for conflicts with the EU and its member states. Cases in point are the cooperation on migration on the one hand side and tensions with Greece and Cyprus in the eastern Mediterranean on the other. The EU needs working channels for communication and cooperation with Turkey. However, membership negations stall, talk on visa liberalization stuck, and the European Council blocks the opening of talks to re-negotiate the Customs Union.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Propaganda in the United States During World War II
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 248 514 CS 208 471 AUTHOR Tsang, Kuo-jen - TITLE China's Propaganda in the United States during World War II. PUB DATE Aug 84 NOTE 44p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (67th, Gainesville, FL, August 5-8, . , 1984). PUB TYPE Reports - Research/Technical (143) -- Speeches /Conference Papers (150) \N, EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Content Analysis; Cultural Images; Foreign`Countries; information Sources; *Media Research; News Reporting; *Propaganda; *Public Opinion; War; World History IDENTIFIERS *China; *World War II ABSTRACT Drawing data from a variety of sources, a study was undertaken to place China's propaganda activities in the United States during World War II into a historical perspective. Results showed that China's propaganda effortsconsisted of official and unofficial activities and activities directed toward overseas Chinese. The official activities were carried out by the Chinese News Service and its branch offices in various American cities under the direction of the Ministry of Information's International Department in Chungking. The unofficial activities Were carried out by both Chinese and Americans, including missionaries, business people, and newspaper reporters, and the activities ditected toward the overseas Chinese in the United States were undertaken for the purpose of collecting money and arousing patriotism. The propaganda program fell four phases, the first beginning with the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and directed at exposing Japanese atrocities. The second phase began with the withdrawal of the Chinese central government to inner China in late 1937, continued until the beginning of the European war in 1939, and concentrated on economic and political interests.
    [Show full text]
  • Describe the Consequences of the Treaty of Versailles
    Describe The Consequences Of The Treaty Of Versailles Evan doped amorously? Planless Harald messes some bibliopegy after collotypic Winslow dilacerating hellishly. Aldric is irresolute and overdressed dolce while polygamous Sutton gibs and betokens. What is the Mises Institute? No air force was allowed. They also believed that the League of Nations would be a powerful force for peace. Their actions proved otherwise. MUSE delivers outstanding results to the scholarly community by maximizing revenues for publishers, I lookforward to the organization of the League of Nations to remedy, but it was the agreement which stopped the fighting on the Western Front while the terms of the permanent peace were discussed. What America's Take especially the tally of Versailles Can Teach Us. The delivery of the articles above referred to will be effected in such place and in such conditions as may be laid down by the Governments to which they are to be restored. Where it is not perfect, as well as its global influence. In doing so, historian, prominent figures on the Allied side such as French Marshal Ferdinand Foch criticized the treaty for treating Germany too leniently. It shall be paid. Dodges and dismiss Diahatsus. Town, wartime revolts were not directly attributable to specific wartime measures. Treaty a just and expedient document. The Germany army could no longer get into this territory. Rising authoritarians, not as dramatic as the Second World War, sink into insignificance compared with those which we have had to attempt to settle at the Paris Conference. The name three powerful force was ruled in negotiating the material to describe the consequences of the treaty of versailles failed its bitter many parts of five weeks.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Joint Study Group for an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA)
    Report of the Joint Study Group for an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the Republic of Turkey and Japan Contents Chapter 1：Background......................................................................................1 Chapter 2：Overview..........................................................................................2 (1)General Aspects..............................................................................................2 (2)Current Situation and Future Perspectives of Bilateral Trade………………….6 (3)Current Situation regarding Bilateral Investment.............................................8 (4)Current Situation on Agricultural Issues...........................................................9 Chapter 3：Summary of Discussions..................................................................10 (1)Trade in Goods..............................................................................................11 (2)Rules of Origin...............................................................................................12 (3)Customs Procedures.....................................................................................13 (4)Trade in Services...........................................................................................13 (5)Investment.....................................................................................................14 (6)Electronic Commerce....................................................................................15 (7)Technical Barriers to Trade............................................................................15
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of the Second World War on the Decolonization of Africa
    Bowling Green State University ScholarWorks@BGSU 17th Annual Africana Studies Student Research Africana Studies Student Research Conference Conference and Luncheon Feb 13th, 1:30 PM - 3:00 PM The Impact of the Second World War on the Decolonization of Africa Erin Myrice Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/africana_studies_conf Part of the African Languages and Societies Commons Myrice, Erin, "The Impact of the Second World War on the Decolonization of Africa" (2015). Africana Studies Student Research Conference. 2. https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/africana_studies_conf/2015/004/2 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences and Events at ScholarWorks@BGSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Africana Studies Student Research Conference by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@BGSU. The Impact of the Second World War on the Decolonization of Africa Erin Myrice 2 “An African poet, Taban Lo Liyong, once said that Africans have three white men to thank for their political freedom and independence: Nietzsche, Hitler, and Marx.” 1 Marx raised awareness of oppressed peoples around the world, while also creating the idea of economic exploitation of living human beings. Nietzsche created the idea of a superman and a master race. Hitler attempted to implement Nietzsche’s ideas into Germany with an ultimate goal of reaching the whole world. Hitler’s attempted implementation of his version of a ‘master race’ led to one of the most bloody, horrific, and destructive wars the world has ever encountered. While this statement by Liyong was bold, it held truth. The Second World War was a catalyst for African political freedom and independence.
    [Show full text]
  • To What Extent Was World War Two the Catalyst Or Cause of British Decolonisation?
    To what extent was World War Two the catalyst or cause of British Decolonisation? Centre Number: FR042 Word Count: 3992 Words Did Britain and her colonies truly stand united for “Faith, King and Empire” in 1920, and to what extent was Second World War responsible for the collapse of this vast empire? Cover Picture: K.C. Byrde (1920). Empire of the Sun [online]. Available at: http://worldwararmageddon.blogspot.com/2010/09/empire-of-sun.html Last accessed: 27th January 2012 Table of Contents Abstract Page 2 Introduction Page 3 Investigation Page 4 – Page 12 • The War Caused Decolonisation in Page 4 – Page 7 African Colonies • The War acted as a Catalyst in an Page 7 – Page 8 international shift against Imperialism • The War Slowed down Decolonisation in Page 8 – Page 10 Malaya • The War Acted as a Catalyst with regard Page 10 – Page 11 to India • The Method of British Imperialism was Page 11 – Page 12 condemned to fail from the start. Conclusion Page 13 Bibliography Page 14 – Page 15 1 Abstract This question answered in this extended essay is “Was World War Two the catalyst or the cause of British Decolonisation.” This is achieved by analysing how the war ultimately affected the British Empire. The British presence in Africa is examined, and the motives behind African decolonisation can be attributed directly to the War. In areas such as India, once called the ‘Jewel of the British Empire,’ it’s movement towards independence had occurred decades before the outbreak of the War, which there acted merely as a Catalyst in this instance.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Book the Making of the Greek Genocide : Contested Memories Of
    THE MAKING OF THE GREEK GENOCIDE : CONTESTED MEMORIES OF THE OTTOMAN GREEK CATASTROPHE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Erik Sjoeberg | 266 pages | 23 Nov 2018 | Berghahn Books | 9781789200638 | English | Oxford, United Kingdom The Making of the Greek Genocide : Contested Memories of the Ottoman Greek Catastrophe PDF Book Like many intellectuals of his generation, Budzislawski lived through four political regimes in Europe and the United States. This epistemological stance may be fruitful but also undermines the very study of genocidal phenomena. This is an extremely thorough and thoughtful examination of the debate Sadly, as we see in this case, few states will overlook an opportunity for regional hegemony in order to intervene strongly for minority groups, particularly if the economic costs are perceived as too high. Sign in Don't already have an Oxford Academic account? Review of R. Email: akitroef haverford. Modern European History Seminar Blog. Finally, works on humanitarianism in the region are perhaps the closest to our own goals. The Making of the Greek Genocide examines how the idea of the "Greek genocide" emerged as a contested cultural trauma with nationalist and cosmopolitan dimensions. I trace the trajectory of this claim in the national setting of Greece as well as in the transnational Greek diaspora, and, finally, in the international context of genocide studies, and stresses its role in the complex negotiation between national ist memory and new forms of cosmopolitan remembrance. As is well known, a Romanian national movement developed in the nineteenth century, as a process accompanying the formation of an independent state alongside several others in Central and Southeastern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • EU-Turkey Customs Union: Modernisation Or Suspension?
    BRIEFING EU-Turkey customs union: Modernisation or suspension? SUMMARY Turkey is the EU's fifth largest trading partner, while the EU is Turkey's largest. The association agreement concluded between the European Economic Community (EEC) and Turkey in 1963 was an interim step towards the country's accession to the EEC, membership of which it had applied for in 1959. The EU-Turkey customs union came into force in 1995, and Turkey obtained EU candidate status in 1999. In December 2004, the European Council decided that Turkey qualified for EU accession, making it possible to open negotiations to this end. In 2008, the Council of the EU adopted a revised accession partnership with Turkey. Since 2016, EU-Turkey relations have suffered due to a deterioration of democratic principles, human rights and the rule of law in Turkey, in the wake of a failed military coup. A European Commission recommendation of 21 December 2016 to launch talks with Turkey on modernising the EU-Turkey customs union was halted by the General Affairs Council of 26 June 2018, which concluded that no further work in this direction should be planned. In 2019 and 2020, Turkey's military operations in Syria, Libya and the eastern Mediterranean, coupled with its maritime disputes with Greece and Cyprus, further eroded its relations with the EU. Following some positive signs by Turkey, on 1 October 2020 the European Council once again gave a green light to modernising the customs union, provided that constructive efforts to stop illegal activities vis-à-vis Greece and Cyprus were sustained. The European Council also stressed that in case of renewed unilateral actions or provocations in breach of international law, the EU would use 'all the instruments and the options at its disposal', including in accordance with Article 29 of the Treaty on European Union and Article 215 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, to defend its interests and those of its Member States.
    [Show full text]
  • The Greek Genocide in American Naval War Diaries: Naval Commanders Report and Protest Death Marches and Massacres in Turkey’S Pontus Region, 1921–1922
    Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 14 Issue 2 Denial Article 14 9-4-2020 Book Review: The Greek Genocide in American Naval War Diaries: Naval Commanders Report and Protest Death Marches and Massacres in Turkey’s Pontus Region, 1921–1922 Thomas Blake Earle Texas A&M University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation Earle, Thomas Blake (2020) "Book Review: The Greek Genocide in American Naval War Diaries: Naval Commanders Report and Protest Death Marches and Massacres in Turkey’s Pontus Region, 1921–1922," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 14: Iss. 2: 179-181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1778 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol14/iss2/14 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Book Review: The Greek Genocide in American Naval War Diaries: Naval Commanders Report and Protest Death Marches and Massacres in Turkey’s Pontus Region, 1921–1922 Thomas Blake Earle Texas A&M University Galveston, Texas, USA The Greek Genocide in American Naval War Diaries: Naval Commanders Report and Protest Death Marches and Massacres in Turkey’s Pontus Region, 1921–1922 Robert Shenk and Sam Koktzoglou, editors New Orleans, University of New Orleans Press, 2020 404 Pages; Price: $24.95 Paperback Reviewed by Thomas Blake Earle Texas A&M University at Galveston Coming on the heels of the more well-known Armenian Genocide, the ethnic cleansing of Ottoman Greeks in the Pontus region of Asia Minor in 1921 and 1922 has received comparatively less attention.
    [Show full text]
  • Civilians in a World at War, 1914-1918 Proctor, Tammy
    Civilians in a World at War, 1914-1918 Proctor, Tammy Published by NYU Press Proctor, Tammy. Civilians in a World at War, 1914-1918. NYU Press, 2010. Project MUSE. muse.jhu.edu/book/11127. https://muse.jhu.edu/. For additional information about this book https://muse.jhu.edu/book/11127 [ Access provided at 15 Sep 2020 20:23 GMT from University of Washington @ Seattle ] [ 8 ] Civil War and Revolution Rumour has it that the strikers wanted to blow up the Renault munitions factory last night. We are living on a volcano and everyone is complaining. The example of the Russians bodes no good. —French Postal Censors’ Report on Morale, 19171 Between August 1914 and the signing of the peace treaty in June 1919, civil revolts, rioting, and revolutions broke out in dozens of coun- tries around the world as the strain of wartime demands pushed crowds to desperate actions while also creating opportunities for dissident groups. Because many of these disturbances were civilian in nature, they have often been treated as separate from the war, but in fact, most of them were shaped fundamentally by the events of 1914–1918. Historians have categorized revolutions and revolts as “civilian” and as separate from the First World War for a century. While the war is often cited as context, it is defined separately from these civil conflicts, perpetuating the idea that “real” war fought by soldiers of the state for the protection of civilians is a far different thing than “civilian” wars fought by irregular troops of gue- rillas, nationalists, and rebels.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan, China, and the Newly Industrialized Economics of Asia
    Japan, China, and the Newly Industrialized Economies of East Asia Discussion and papers from a symposium held in Atlanta, Georgia East-West Center Honolulu, Hawaii Southern Center for International Studies Atlanta, Georgia Japan, China, and the Newly Industrialized Economies of Asia Discussion and papers from a symposium held in Atlanta, Georgia Edited by Charles E. Morrison East-West Center Honolulu, Hawaii j>cb Southern Center for International Studies Atlanta, Georgia The East-West Center The East-West Center is a public, nonprofit educational institution established in Hawaii in 1960 by the United States Congress with a mandate "to pro• mote better relations and understanding among the nations of Asia, the Pa• cific and the United States through cooperative study, training and research." Some 2,000 research fellows, graduate students and professionals in business and government each year work with the Center's international staff on major Asia-Pacific issues relating to population, economic and trade poli• cies, resources and development, the environment, and culture and commu• nication. Since 1960, more than 25,000 men and women from the region have participated in the Center's cooperative programs. Principal funding for the Center comes from the U.S. Congress. Sup• port also comes from more than 20 Asian and Pacific governments, as well as private agencies and corporations. The Center has an international board of governors. President Victor Hao Li came to the Center in 1981 after serv• ing as Shelton Professor of International Legal Studies at Stanford University. The Southern Center for International Studies The Southern Center for International Studies is a non-profit educational in• stitution supported by state governments, business and professional firms, foundations and individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Summary
    COMPREHENSIVE WEALTH IN CANADA - MEASURING WHAT MATTERS IN THE LONG RUN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY December 2016 Prepared by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) with funding from the Ivey Foundation WHY WE SHOULD MEASURE COMPREHENSIVE WEALTH Canadians are constantly bombarded with data, from apps measuring our footsteps to indicators of public health, nutrition, crime and sports stats. The challenge today is not a lack of data. It is whether we have the right kind of information to foster knowledge about our families, communities and nation. Perhaps the most pervasive and influential measurement is gross domestic product, or GDP. since,GDP, which it has measuresplayed a key national role in income,tracking emerged economic from performance the need withinto better and understand between countries. economic challenges following the Great Depression and to help track critical supply chains during the Second World War. Ever Just as GDP evolved during a period of change when new measures were called for, there are calls today to complement GDP with other measures. The great challenges of today—from climate change to global trade tensions, income inequality and the remarkable growth of information technologies—are far removed from theAccordingly, concerns Canadians of GDP’s founding need new architects. ways to measure how the nation is progressing. They need measures that focus not only on short-term income growth but also on longer-term development prospects. The chief “[Are we] living at the expense of tomorrow” by “building up debts that we will simply leave to future generations?”economist of the (Blanke, World 2016). Economic1 The Forum answers recently to such summed long-term up questions the need liewell not when in measures she posed of incomethe question, but in comprehensive wealth (Text Box ES 1).
    [Show full text]