DOCSLIB.ORG

Community Capability Building for Environmental Conservation in Lake Biwa (Japan) Through an Adaptive and Abductive Approach

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Community Capability Building for Environmental Conservation in Lake Biwa (Japan) Through an Adaptive and Abductive Approach Socio-Ecological Practice Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s42532-021-00078-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Community capability building for environmental conservation in Lake Biwa (Japan) through an adaptive and abductive approach Yasuhisa Kondo1,2 · Eiichi Fujisawa3,2 · Kanako Ishikawa4 · Satoe Nakahara1 · Kyohei Matsushita5 · Satoshi Asano6,1 · Kaoru Kamatani7,1 · Satoko Suetsugu1 · Kei Kano8,1 · Terukazu Kumazawa1 · Kenichi Sato9,1 · Noboru Okuda10,1 Received: 15 September 2020 / Accepted: 16 March 2021 © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract In the south basin of Lake Biwa, Shiga, Japan, overgrown aquatic weeds (submerged macrophytes) impede cruising boats and cause unpleasant odors and undesirable waste when washed ashore. To address this socio-ecological problem, Shiga Prefectural Government implemented a public program to remove overgrown weeds and compost them ashore to conserve the lake environment, while coastal inhabitants and occasional volunteers remove weeds from the beaches to maintain the quality of the living environment. However, these efects are limited because of disjointed social networks. We applied an adaptive and abductive approach to develop community capability to jointly address this problem by sharing academic knowl- edge with local actors and empowering them. The initial multifaceted reviews, including interviews and postal questionnaire surveys, revealed that the agro-economic value of composted weeds declined in historical and socio-psychological contexts and that most of the unengaged public relied on local governments to address environmental problems. These fndings were synthesized and assessed with workshop participants, including local inhabitants, governmental agents, businesspeople, social entrepreneurs, and research experts, to unearth the best solution. The workshops resulted in the development of an e-point system, called Biwa Point, to promote and acknowledge voluntary environmental conservation activities, including beach cleaning. It may contribute to enhancing the socio-ecological capability of communities. Additionally, ethical issues, such as publication of inconvenient truths, undesired interpretation by the researchers, and social constraints in research methods, arose through our research practice. Keywords Transdisciplinary action research · Adaptive abduction circuit · Area capability · Ethical issues · Ecological conservation · Citizen-driven environmental governance * Yasuhisa Kondo 6 Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto [email protected] University, Kyoto, Japan 7 College of Gastronomy Management, Ritsumeikan 1 Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan 2 Biwako-Chishin, Otsu, Shiga, Japan 8 Faculty of Education, Shiga University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan 3 Ohmi Data Institute, Otsu, Shiga, Japan 9 Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 4 Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute, Otsu, Shiga, Japan Japan 10 Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Kobe, 5 Faculty of Economics, Shiga University, Hikone, Shiga, Hyogo, Japan Japan Vol.:(0123456789)1 3 Socio-Ecological Practice Research 1 Introduction to a recent socio‑ecological the Ordinance for the Prevention of Eutrophication of problem in Japan Lake Biwa in 1980 (Ibid., p.92). Under this ordinance, the public sewerage systems were improved. Since then, Environmental deterioration can result from damaging the water quality has gradually recovered, but cyanobacte- interactions between human societies and ecosystems. This rial water blooms have been observed since 1983 (Ibid., is often perceived as a “wicked problem” that has no clear- pp.100, 110). cut solution (Norris et al. 2016, p.115; Rittel and Webber In the south basin, aquatic weeds (or submerged mac- 1973, p.160). Such a problem cannot simply be solved by rophytes in biological and ecological terms), including research experts; rather, it requires team-based collabora- endemic species like Potamogeton maackianus (sen’nin- tion with experts from diferent domains for interdiscipli- mo locally) and Hydrilla verticillata (kuromo) and exotic nary research (Kelly et al. 2019, p.150; Repko and Szostak species like Elodea nuttallii (kokanadamo) and Egeria 2020, pp.6–9), and with practitioners based at govern- densa (ōkanadamo), have been proliferating annually since ments, funding bodies, industry, non-proft organizations a substantial decrease in lake water in 1994 (Haga 2020, (NPOs), and civil society for transdisciplinary research pp.294–296; Hamabata et al. 2020, pp.105–113). This coin- (OECD 2020, p.4; Pohl et al. 2017, pp.319–323). Inter- cided with a remarkable increase in water transparency, disciplinary and transdisciplinary research can help “dis- which suggested a so-called ecological regime shift (Hama- solve” the problems, which may be perceived diferently bata et al. 2020, pp.105–113; Ishikawa and Okamoto 2015, by diferent actors. Due to the nature of the problems and pp.488–493). In 2014, weeds occupied an area comprising 2 the dynamics of diverse collaborators, the process of team- 95% (49.6 km ) of the south basin (Fig. 1d; Haga 2020, based research on socio-ecological problems is not always Table 1). as linear as conventional scientifc research, in particu- Overgrown weeds impede cruising boats. The Shiga Pre- lar because it may experience some tortuous adaptations fectural Government, responsible for the ecosystem man- in its methodological development. This study presents agement of Lake Biwa, spent 330 million yen (~ 3.1 mil- our experience of an adaptive and abductive approach to lion US dollars) on a public conservation program in 2016 address a socio-ecological problem in Lake Biwa, Japan. (Shiga Prefectural Government 2017) to mitigate the harm- ful efects of overgrown weeds. The gross annual budget, including funds for removing designated alien species, was 1.1 The problem: overgrown aquatic weeds in Lake approximately 600 million yen (Ibid., pers. comm.). In col- Biwa laboration with the afliated Ohmi Environment Conserva- tion Foundation, the prefectural government mows aquatic Lake Biwa (Biwako locally) is the largest freshwater lake weeds ofshore using special boats and devices (Fig. 1c), but (area: 670 km 2) in Japan, located in Shiga Prefecture in the the removed mass (approximately 5200 tons) was less than central part of Honshū Island (Fig. 1a, b; Kawanabe et al. 30% of the estimated total standing stock (18,173 tons; Haga 2020, p.ix). From ecological and geographical viewpoints, 2015, Table 1) in 2014. the lake consists of a mesotrophic north basin (Hokko; The mown weeds are transported to a dumpsite, where mean depth: 43 m; area: 618 km 2) and a eutrophic south they are dried and fermented for two summers. A soil micro- basin (Nanko; mean depth: 3.5 m; area: 52 km 2). The litto- bial study demonstrated the positive efects of composted ral zone of the south basin is an urbanized area (servicing weeds on terrestrial plant growth (Matsuoka et al. 2020, cities of Ōtsu, Kusatsu, Moriyama, and Yasu, from west p.451). The composted weeds are provided, free of charge, to east; see Fig. 1b) with a population of approximately to locals. The prefectural ofce also fnancially supports aca- 630,000 people, connected to the urban belt including demic and private sectors to develop technologies to prevent Kyoto, Osaka, and Kobe. Lake Biwa currently supplies aquatic weed overgrowth. potable water to 17 million people in this belt. Aquatic weeds cause unpleasant odors and undesirable The water quality of Lake Biwa, particularly in the waste when washed ashore, particularly in the summer. south basin, has signifcantly worsened since the late 1960s Occasionally, inhabitants request local municipal ofces due to population growth and industrial developments to remove decayed weeds. Under the Waste Management (International Lake Environment Committee Foundation Law, municipal ofces are responsible for clearing weeds 2014, p.100). Eutrophication caused the frst large-scale from public areas. In 2016, the Ōtsu City Ofce received 15 outbreak of red tide (i.e., overgrowth of plankton) in 1977 complaints and spent approximately 23 million yen (~ 0.22 (Ibid., p.100). To reduce the discharge of phosphorus con- million US dollars) on cleaning and disposal of weed waste tained in synthetic detergents, local homemakers launched (Suihōzan 2017, p.4). Cleaning activities rely on coastal the “Soap Movement,” which led to the enforcement of residents and occasional volunteers, and therefore, their efect is limited. 1 3 Socio-Ecological Practice Research a c Japan 500 km Shiga 60.0 d 15 km 48.6 49.6 50.0 42.7 40.0 43.0 ] Lake 27.0 Biwa 30.0 23.4 Area [sq. km 20.0 22.2 3 4 2 10.0 7.1 1 9.4 9.5 3.6 0.0 0.6 3.3 b 1936 1953 1964 19691977 19821994 1997 2000 2003 2007 2012 2014 Year Fig. 1 General information on the overgrown aquatic weeds in Lake the south basin of Lake Biwa (courtesy of the Lake Biwa Environ- Biwa. a Location of Lake Biwa in Japanese Archipelago (base map: mental Conservation Division of Shiga Prefectural Government); d https:// www. freem ap. jp/); b Location of Lake Biwa and municipali- Diachronic fuctuation of submerged macrophytes in the south basin ties in the south basin area, Shiga prefecture. 1: Ōtsu; 2: Kusatsu; 3: of Lake Biwa (after Haga 2015, Table 1; 2020, Table 1). The vertical Moriyama; 4: Yasu (base map: https:// www. freem ap. jp/); c A spe- axis represents the area of the lake surface occupied by submerged cially manufactured workboat removes overgrown aquatic weeds in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Discussion Paper Series E
    DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES E Discussion Paper No. E-2 Stimulus to change every individual for reducing CO2 emissions: A survey experiment Hideki Yamashita Shinsuke Kyoi Koichiro Mori May 2020 The Institute for Economic and Business Research Faculty of Economics SHIGA UNIVERSITY 1-1-1 BANBA, HIKONE, SHIGA 522-8522, JAPAN Stimulus to change every individual for reducing CO2 emissions: A survey experiment Hideki Yamashita a, Shinsuke Kyoi b,c, and Koichiro Mori d,e a. The Institute for Economic and Business Research Shiga University, Shiga University, Japan email: [email protected] b. Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan email: [email protected] c. The Institute for Economic and Business Research Shiga University, Shiga University, Japan d. Faculty of Economics, Shiga University, Japan email: [email protected] e. Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo, Japan email: [email protected] Abstract It is crucial to change the behaviour of individuals to reduce CO2 emissions. The goal of this study was to conduct a survey experiment to identify factors that can change the environmental friendliness of individuals in terms of values, belief, concern, controllability, attitude, intention, and behaviour and to use the data to test the hypothesis that providing information about the amount of CO2 emissions attributable to an individual motivates him/her to reduce that amount. The subjects were 102 students at Shiga University in Japan. They were provided with communication opportunities, information about individual or group CO2 emissions, and information about a threshold value provided in the Paris Agreement.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1-1 About Shiga Prefecture
    Chapter 1-1 About Shiga Prefecture Abstract Shiga Prefecture is located more or less in the middle of the Japanese Archi- pelago. Surrounded by mountains, Shiga Prefecture forms the Omi Basin with Lake Biwa, the largest lake in Japan, located at the center of its lowland. With a history spanning some 4 million years, Lake Biwa is the oldest lake in Japan and one of the ancient lakes in the world. Keywords: Shiga Prefecture, Lake Biwa, Omi Basin 1. Features of Shiga Prefecture Shiga Prefecture is located more or less in the middle of the Japanese Archipelago. Close to the city of Kyoto to the west, Shiga Prefecture is located 86 minutes by limited express train from Kansai Interna- tional Airport. The land mass of Shiga Prefecture is approximately 1% of the total area of Ja- pan. About 1.4 million people reside in this prefecture. Fig. 1-1-2 Topography of Shiga Prefecture rounding mountains. The Seta River and the artificial Biwako (Lake Biwa) Canal form the lake’s outlets. Calculations have shown that it takes approximately 19 years for all the water in the lake to be completely renewed. Lake Biwa is the oldest lake in Japan. The lake in its present form began to Fig. 1-1-1 Location of Shiga Prefecture form more than 1 million years ago, and (http://en.biwako-visitors.jp/) its total history including its predecessors Shiga Prefecture forms a basin known spans some 4 million years, making Lake as the Omi Basin with mountains over Biwa one of the oldest in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • (USA) Tomodachi Inoue Scholars 1. Program Report
    KAKEHASHI Project Japan’s Friendship Ties Program (USA) Tomodachi Inoue Scholars 1. Program Report １．Program Overview Under “Japan’s Friendship Ties Program”, 25 Americans visited Japan. During the 8 days program from March 5th to March 12th, 2016, the participants studied the Japanese government, society, history, foreign policy, culture and much more. The participants aim to promote Japan through mediums such as SNS. ２．Participating Countries and Number of Participants USA (25 Participants) ３．Prefectures Visited Tokyo, Kyoto and Shiga Prefecture ４．Program Schedule March 5th (Sat) Arrival at Narita International Airport March 6th (Sun) 【Orientation】 ，【Observation】Edo Tokyo Museum, Asakusa March 7th (Mon) 【Observation】Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly Move Tokyo to Kyoto March 8th (Tue) 【Observation of Historical Landmark/ Cultural Experience】Fushimi Inari Shrine, Kimono Show at Nishijin textile center, Kiyomizu Temple March 9th (Wed) 【School Exchange】Shiga Prefectural University 【Nature/Cultural Experience/Regional Exchange】Farm stay, Calligraphy Experience March 10th (Thu) 【Nature/Cultural Experience/Regional Exchange】 Making Japanese Chopsticks experience, Forest walking Move from Kyoto to Tokyo March 11th (Fri) 【Workshop】【Reporting Session】 【Lecture】“Japan’s Foreign Policy” North American Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Foreign Affairs 【Cutting-edge Technology】National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation March 12th (Sat) 【Observation】Meiji Jingu Shrine, Harajuku Departure from Narita International Airport 1 ５．Program Photos 3/6 【 Observation 】 Edo Tokyo Museum 3/7 【 Observation 】 Tokyo Metropolitan (Tokyo) Assembly (Tokyo) 3/9 【School Exchange 】 Shiga Prefectural 3/9 【 Nature/Cultural Experience/Regional University (Hikone City) Exchange】Farmstay, Calligraphy Experience (Takashima City) 3/10【Nature/Cultural Experience/Regional 3/11【Reporting Session】 (Tokyo) Exchange】Forest walking (Takashima City) 2 ６．Voice from Participants ◆USA, University Student Throughout the week, I was continuously impressed by how friendly and welcoming all the local people were to us.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural History of Japanese Birds
    Natural History of Japanese Birds Hiroyoshi Higuchi English text translated by Reiko Kurosawa HEIBONSHA 1 Copyright © 2014 by Hiroyoshi Higuchi, Reiko Kurosawa Typeset and designed by: Washisu Design Office Printed in Japan Heibonsha Limited, Publishers 3-29 Kanda Jimbocho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0051 Japan All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. The English text can be downloaded from the following website for free. http://www.heibonsha.co.jp/ 2 CONTENTS Chapter 1 The natural environment and birds of Japan 6 Chapter 2 Representative birds of Japan 11 Chapter 3 Abundant varieties of forest birds and water birds 13 Chapter 4 Four seasons of the satoyama 17 Chapter 5 Active life of urban birds 20 Chapter 6 Interesting ecological behavior of birds 24 Chapter 7 Bird migration — from where to where 28 Chapter 8 The present state of Japanese birds and their future 34 3 Natural History of Japanese Birds Preface [BOOK p.3] Japan is a beautiful country. The hills and dales are covered “satoyama”. When horsetail shoots come out and violets and with rich forest green, the river waters run clear and the moun- cherry blossoms bloom in spring, birds begin to sing and get tain ranges in the distance look hazy purple, which perfectly ready for reproduction. Summer visitors also start arriving in fits a Japanese expression of “Sanshi-suimei (purple mountains Japan one after another from the tropical regions to brighten and clear waters)”, describing great natural beauty.
    [Show full text]
  • Reemerging Political Geography in Japan
    Japanese Journal of Human Geography 64―6（2012） Reemerging Political Geography in Japan YAMAZAKI Takashi Osaka City University TAKAGI Akihiko Kyushu University KITAGAWA Shinya Mie University KAGAWA Yuichi The University of Shiga Prefecture Abstract The Political Geography Research Group （PGRG） of the Human Geographical Society of Japan was established in 2011 to promote political geographic studies in Japan. The PGRG is the very first research unit on political geography in the Society which was established in 1948. Political geography was once one of the weakest sub―fields in Japanese geography with a very limited number of scholars and published works. This, however, is not at all the case now. Political geography is a reemerging field in Japan. In this review paper, four of the PGRG members contribute chapters on general trends in Japanese political geography, legacies of Japanese wartime geopolitics, the introduction of “new geopolitics” into Japan, and geographical studies on environmental movements. All of them have confirmed with confidence that Japanese political geography has been reemerging and making steady progress in terms of theory, methodology, and case study since the 1980s. Although the current stage of Japanese political geography is still in the regenerative phase, they strongly believe that political geography should be firmly embedded in Japanese geography. Key words : political geography, Japanese geopolitics, new geopolitics, environmental movements, Japan I Introduction The Political Geography Research Group （PGRG） of the Human Geographical Society of Japan was established in 2011 to promote political geographic studies in Japan. The PGRG is the very first research unit on political geography in the Society which was established in 1948.
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Light Environment Variability in Lake Biwa and Lake Kasumigaura, Japan: Modeling Approach
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Tsukuba Repository Long-term light environment variability in Lake Biwa and Lake Kasumigaura, Japan: modeling approach 著者 Terrel Meylin Mirtha, Fukushima Takehiko, Matsushita Bunkei, Yoshimura Kazuya, Imai Akio journal or Limnology publication title volume 13 number 2 page range 237-252 year 2012-08 権利 (C) The Japanese Society of Limnology 2012. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com URL http://hdl.handle.net/2241/117515 doi: 10.1007/s10201-012-0372-x 1 Long-term light environment variability in Lake Biwa and Lake Kasumigaura, 2 Japan: Modeling approach 3 4 5 Meylin M. Terrel1*, Takehiko Fukushima1, Bunkei Matsushita1, Kazuya Yoshimura1, A. 6 Imai2 7 8 9 1Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba 10 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan 11 E-mails: 12 [email protected] 13 [email protected] 14 [email protected] 15 [email protected] 16 17 2 National Institute for Environmental Studies 18 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan 19 E-mail: [email protected] 20 21 *Corresponding Author 22 E-mail: [email protected] 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 “SCRIPTREVISION CERTIFICATION: This manuscript has been copyedited by 33 Scriptrevision, LLC and conforms to Standard American English as prescribed by the 34 Chicago Manual of Style. The Scriptrevision manuscript reference number is B428B618, 35 which may be verified upon request by contacting [email protected].” 36 37 1 38 Long-term light environment variability in Lake Biwa and Lake Kasumigaura, 39 Japan: Modeling approach 40 41 Abstract Light environment variability was investigated in the two Japanese Lakes Biwa 42 and Kasumigaura, which offer a broad range of optical conditions in the water bodies due 43 to their diverse morphometries and limnological characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • Our Operating Area
    Our Operating Area Geographically advantageous Shiga Prefecture; located in the center of Japan Biwa Lake Kyoto Branch Nagoya Branch Osaka Branch Tokyo Branch Shiga Prefecture Leading population growth rates in Japan Population exceeded 1.4 million in the year ended March 31, 2009 (Thousands) Prefecture Growth rate 1,500 1,400 1,400 1 Tokyo 0.63% 1,340 1,380 1,280 2 Aichi 0.59% 1,220 1,150 3 Shiga 0.43% 1,070 1,000 980 Population Estimates for 2008, Oct. 2007 to Sept. 2008, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications 500 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008 2009 3 SHIGA BANK Annual Report 2010 High population of youth: advantageous for securing High educational level; advantageous for obtaining future labor force future high-grade human resources Ratio of youth among Number of students per Prefecture population Prefecture 100,000 population 1 Okinawa 18.40% 1 Kyoto 6,080 2 Shiga 15.20% 2 Tokyo 5,564 3 Aichi 14.70% 3 Shiga 2,648 Population Estimates for 2008, Oct. 2007 to Sept. 2008, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Population Estimates for 2008, Oct. 2007 to Sept. 2008, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Communications Expanding deposits and savings underpinned by high growth market Deposits (including negotiable certificate of deposits) Loans and bills discounted (Average balances during the period) (Average balances during the period) Total deposits Total Loans and bills discounted (Billions of yen) Individual deposits (Billions of yen) Loans and bills discounted to consumers 4,000 3,000 3,839.0 36,84.6 3,723.0
    [Show full text]
  • Academic/ Career Guidance for Your Future･･･
    英 語 A project for the educational support of foreign residents 2019 Academic/ career guidance For your future･･･ ～What are your plans after junior high school?～ Contents I. The school system in Japan II. Further studies after graduation from junior high school Q & A III. Resources 1 Ｉ．School system in Japan １. Educational system in Japan Elementary and secondary educations are compulsory in Japan. Aged 6 * remark 3 Elementary School （6 years） （9 years） Aged 12 㻌 Junior High School （3 years） Compulsory Education Compulsory Aged 15 Special 㻌 㻌 Higher training Vocational Technical Senior High School（3 years） School Technical School School （5 years） *remark 1 （1 year or （1 year or㻌 Aged 18 more） 2 years） *remark 2 Technical College 㻌 Junior College （1 year or more） University （2 years） *remark 2 （4 to 6 years） Aged 22 Graduate School 㻌 㻌 （1 to 5 years） (remark 1) * Normally, it takes 4 years to complete a part-time course, however students can graduate within 3 years by completing both part-time and correspondence courses at the same time. (remark 2) * Courses including clothing, home economics, commerce, industry, medical services, culture, etc. are available. (remark 3) * Compulsory education is not applicable to children of foreign nationalities. 1 ２. Career and further studies after junior high school graduation The flow chart on career and further studies after junior high school are shown below: Junior High School graduation Senior High school Higher Technical ・Upper Level School Technical Special school Training Junior College School and Others University Graduate School Society （Employment） ＩＩ．Further studies after junior high school graduation There are various ways to continue your studies after graduating from junior high school.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Elemental Diet Combined with Infliximab Dose Escalation in Patients with Crohn’S Disease with Loss of Response to Infliximab: CERISIER Trial
    BRIEF COMMUNICATION pISSN 1598-9100 • eISSN 2288-1956 https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.16.3.494 Intest Res 2018;16(3):494-498 Effect of elemental diet combined with infliximab dose escalation in patients with Crohn’s disease with loss of response to infliximab: CERISIER trial Tadakazu Hisamatsu1*, Reiko Kunisaki2*, Shiro Nakamura3, Tomoyuki Tsujikawa4, Fumihito Hirai5, Hiroshi Nakase6, Kenji Watanabe7,8, Kaoru Yokoyama9, Masakazu Nagahori10, Takanori Kanai11, Makoto Naganuma11, Hirofumi Michimae12, Akira Andoh13, Akihiro Yamada14, Tadashi Yokoyama15, Noriko Kamata16, Shinji Tanaka17, Yasuo Suzuki14, Toshifumi Hibi18, Mamoru Watanabe10, CERISIER Trial group# 1The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, 2Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, 3Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, 4Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Hospital Organization, Higashi-Ohmi Medical Center, Higashi-Ohmi, 5Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, 6Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 7Division of Gastroenterology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, 8Department of Intestinal Inflammation Research, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, 9Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, 10Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University,
    [Show full text]
  • Vol.22 August 2001
    vol.22 August 2001 ～Think Together about the Capital Functions Relocation of Japan～� Trends in the Diet ■ House of Representatives� The Special Committee for the Relocation of the Diet and Other Organizations (Chaired by Mr. Hide- toshi Nagai) dispatched its members to the "Gifu-Aichi Region" (on July 2), "Tochigi-Fukushima Region" (on July 3) and "Mie-Kio Region" (on July 31).� In the "Gifu-Aichi Region," the members were given general explanations by Governor Taku Kajiwara of Gifu Prefecture and Governor Masaaki Kanda of Aichi Prefecture on the spot and conducted field sur- vey of major locations in the "Aichi-Gifu Region," including aerial inspection using a helicopter.� In the "Tochigi-Fukushima Region," the members were given general explanations by Governor Akio Fukuda of Tochigi Prefecture and Governor Eisaku Sato of Fukushima Prefecture on the spot and con- ducted field survey of areas of interest, such as the Nasuno-ga-hara in Tochigi Prefecture and surround- ing areas of the Fukushima Airport in Fukushima Prefecture.� In the "Mie-Kio Region," the members were given general explanations by Governor Masayasu Kita- gawa of Mie Prefecture, Governor Yoshitsugu Kunimatsu of Shiga Prefecture, Governor Teiichi Aramaki of Kyoto Prefecture, and Governor Yoshiya Kakimoto of Nara Prefecture, and conducted field survey of areas of interest, such as the Ayama Town Observation Facility. The Special Committee for the Relocation of the Diet and� Other Organizations of the House of Representatives Has Inaugurated Its Homepage The Special Committee for the Relocation of the Diet and Other Organizations of the House of Representatives is opening its homepage to solicit citizens' opinions about the capital functions relocation.
    [Show full text]
  • Graduate School Overview
    AY 2019 Graduate School Overview <Reference Only> Osaka City University Table of Contents Page History ･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 1 Enrollment Quotas ････････････････････････････････････････････････ 1 Research Fields and Classes Graduate School of Business ････････････････････････････････････ 2 Graduate School of Economics ･･･････････････････････････････････ 4 Graduate School of Law ･････････････････････････････････････････ 5 Graduate School of Literature and Human Sciences ･･･････････････ 7 Graduate School of Science ･･････････････････････････････････････ 12 Graduate School of Engineering ･･････････････････････････････････ 15 Graduate School of Medicine ･････････････････････････････････････ 19 Graduate School of Nursing ･･････････････････････････････････････ 26 Graduate School of Human Life Science ･･･････････････････････････28 Graduate School for Creative Cities ･･････････････････････････････ 31 Graduate School of Urban Management ･･･････････････････････････32 Degrees ････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････34 Entrance Examinations ･･････････････････････････････････････････････35 Alma Maters of Enrollees ････････････････････････････････････････････ 40 Graduate School Exam Schedule (tentative) ･･･････････････････････････42 Directions ･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････44 History■ History Osaka City University, the foundation of this graduate school, was established using a reform of the Japanese educational system in 1949 as an opportunity to merge the former
    [Show full text]
  • A New Specimen of Palaeoloxodon Naumanni from Hokkaido and Its
    第 四 紀 研 究(The Quaternary Research) 43 (3) p. 169-180 June 2004 A New Specimen of Palaeoloxodon naumanni from Hokkaido and its Significance Keiichi Takahashi*1, Yuji Soeda*2, Masami Izuho*3, Kaori Aoki*4, Goro Yamada*2 and Mono Akamatsu*2 This paper describes a new-discovered upper right second molar of Palaeoloxodon naumanni from Yubetsu, Hokkaido, that was found in August 1998, and suggests that alternating migration of two kinds of proboscidean, Mammuthus primigenius and Palaeoloxodon naumanni, took place there in relation to climate change. 14C dating of the root of the molar gives an age of 30,480±220yrs BP(measured 14C age). Although the fossil molar was found loose, geological investigations suggest strongly that it derives from a peaty silt bed distributed around ravine in which the fossil was found. This bed includes the Ds-Oh (Daisetsu-Ohachidaira) volcanic ash of 30ka. Judging from the ages and vegetations of the formations from which P. naumanni or M. primigenius remains have been found in Hokkaido, vegetation change controlled by global climate change seems to have affected the migration of the two kinds of proboscidean into Hokkaido. The discovery of P. naumanni remains of 30ka in Hokkaido suggests the possibility of a northward re-migration of P. naumanni from Honshu during the MIS 3. Keywords: Mammuthus primigenius, Palaeoloxodon naumanni, climate change, MIS 3, Hokkaido, Late Pleistocene thus primigenius. I. Introduction In this paper, the Yubetsu specimen is de- In August, 1998, after heavy rains, brothers scribed, and alternating replacement of two Hiroshi and Yasushi Yokoyama were walking kinds of proboscidean, MMprimigenius and P.
    [Show full text]