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Pakistan Irrigation Department E4716 Government of Sindh, Pakistan Irrigation Department Public Disclosure Authorized Sindh Barrages Improvement Project – Guddu Barrage Rehabilitation Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT Report by Independent Environmental Consultants (Reviewed Draft for Disclosure) Public Disclosure Authorized December 2014 Contents List of Acronyms ................................................................................................................... iii 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 The Proposed Project ................................................................................................ 2 1.3 The Environmental and Social Assessment............................................................... 3 1.4 Composition of Study Team ...................................................................................... 4 2 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ................................................................ 6 2.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Applicable National Environmental Policies and Legislation ...................................... 6 2.2.1 National Environmental Policies and Guidelines 6 2.3 Applicable Provincial Environmental Policies and Legislation .................................... 9 2.3.1 EIA Approval Procedure 12 2.4 Environmental Regulatory Authorities...................................................................... 14 2.5 International Treaties and Conventions ................................................................... 15 2.6 World Bank Safeguard Policies ............................................................................... 15 2.6.1 World Bank Environmental and Social Guidelines 18 3 Project Description ........................................................................................................ 19 3.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 19 3.2 Assessment on Current Condition of Guddu Barrage .............................................. 22 3.3 Project Objective ..................................................................................................... 23 3.4 Project Components ................................................................................................ 23 3.4.1 Component A: Rehabilitation of Guddu Barrage 23 3.4.2 Component B: Improved Barrage Operation, Improvement 25 3.4.3 Component C: Project Management Coordination and Monitoring and Evaluation, and training 26 3.5 Construction Methodology ....................................................................................... 26 3.5.1 Construction Methodology for Replacement of Gates 26 3.5.2 Construction Methodology for Left Pocket Divide Wall 27 3.5.3 Construction Methodology for Improvement of River Training Works 28 3.6 Construction Material and Sources .......................................................................... 29 3.7 Construction Equipment .......................................................................................... 29 3.8 Construction Schedule ............................................................................................ 30 3.9 Project Cost............................................................................................................. 30 4 Project Alternatives ....................................................................................................... 32 4.1 No Project alternative .............................................................................................. 32 4.2 Refurbish versus replacement of gates ................................................................... 32 4.3 Placement of like for like gates ................................................................................ 32 4.4 Barrage Regulator Control System .......................................................................... 33 4.5 Alternatives for Rehabilitation of River Protection Works for Improved Flood Protection ................................................................................................................ 33 4.6 Alternatives for Additional River Training Works ...................................................... 34 4.7 Alternatives to Sediment Management to offtaking Canals ...................................... 35 4.8 Construction Methodology for Left Pocket Divide Wall ............................................ 35 5 Description of Environment .......................................................................................... 37 5.1 Physical Environment .............................................................................................. 37 5.1.1 Definition of the study area 37 Sindh Barrages Improvement Project i Guddu Barrage Rehabilitation 5.1.2 Physiography 37 5.1.3 Climate 37 5.1.4 Geology 40 5.1.5 Soils 40 5.1.6 Seismicity 40 5.1.7 Indus River 41 5.1.8 Floods 42 5.1.9 Climate Change Impacts on Floods 43 5.1.10 Sedimentation 43 5.1.11 Groundwater 43 5.1.12 Quality of the Environment 44 5.1.13 Air Quality 45 5.1.14 Noise Quality 45 5.1.15 Traffic on the barrage 45 5.2 Biological Environment ............................................................................................ 46 5.2.1 Fauna 46 5.2.2 Flora 51 5.2.3 Planktons 52 5.3 Social and Economic Environment .......................................................................... 52 5.3.1 Demography 52 5.3.2 Education and literacy 53 5.3.3 Health situation 54 5.3.4 Economy and employment 54 5.3.5 Agriculture 54 5.3.6 Access to infrastructure 55 5.4 Social and Cultural Aspects ..................................................................................... 55 5.4.1 Ethnicity and Culture 55 5.4.2 Tribal feuds and security 55 5.4.3 Social structure and role of women 55 5.4.4 Physical cultural resources 56 6 Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures ................................................................. 56 6.1 General ................................................................................................................... 56 6.2 Impact Assessment Methodology ............................................................................ 56 6.3 Summary of Assessed Impacts ............................................................................... 58 6.4 Environmental impacts during Construction Stage .................................................. 62 6.4.1 Impact of canal closures on water needs of the command area 62 6.4.2 Impact on river water quality in dolphin game reserve 62 6.4.3 Impacts on river habitat 63 6.4.4 Impact of underwater noise levels on dolphin’s vocalization and behaviour 63 6.4.5 Risk of dolphin collision with construction vehicles 64 6.4.6 Clearing of natural vegetation and trees 64 6.4.7 Disposal of barrage gates 65 6.4.8 Increased traffic on local access roads 65 6.4.9 Potential risk of soil and water pollution 66 6.4.10 Noise and air pollution from construction works and traffic 67 6.4.11 Impact on Migratory and Resident Birds 67 6.4.12 Risk of pollution from solid waste and waste effluents 68 6.4.13 Impact from borrow and quarry activities 68 6.5 Social Impacts during Construction Stage ............................................................... 69 Sindh Barrages Improvement Project ii Guddu Barrage Rehabilitation 6.5.1 Temporary Land acquisition by the contractor 69 6.5.2 Generation of employment in the project area 69 6.5.3 Increased economic activity in the project area 70 6.5.4 Safety hazards for children and elderly people due to increased traffic 70 6.5.5 Possible cultural conflicts between communities and immigrant workforce and health impacts 70 6.5.6 Increased risk of accidents for workers 71 6.5.7 Security risks for construction workers 72 6.6 Environmental Impacts during Operation and Maintenance ..................................... 73 6.6.1 Risk of barrage failure by floods and earth quake and emergency preparedness plan 73 6.6.2 Climate Change Impacts and Risks 73 7 Cumulative Impact Assessment ................................................................................... 75 7.1 Objective ................................................................................................................. 75 7.2 Background ............................................................................................................. 75 7.3 CIA in Context of Guddu Barrage ............................................................................ 78 7.3.1 Study Boundaries 78 7.3.2 Identification of VECs for the CIA 79 7.4 Dolphin Habitat Fragmentation ................................................................................ 79 7.4.1 Historical Range decline 79 7.4.2 Recent Baseline 80 7.4.3 Cumulative Effects 81 7.4.4 Recommendations under the Project 83 7.5 Hilsa Migration ........................................................................................................ 85 7.5.1 Background 85 7.5.2 Fish Ladders 85 7.5.3 Cumulative Effects 87 7.5.4 Recommendations under the Project 90 7.6 Irrigation .................................................................................................................. 91 7.6.1 Background
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