February 2011 4.5Mb

In This Edition: Page Page  Telegraph Bridge 2  Geelong Landmarks Quiz 17  Pink Panther 4  The Port of Geelong 18  Justices of the Peace 5  Black Saturday 20  Zebras 6  Cadel Evans 22  12 Signs of the Zodiac 8  Bigfoot 24  The Ford Ute 9  All Ford Day 25  The Aboriginal Cricket Team 10  Athena 26  Dangers of Over-Drinking 12  150 Years Ago 27  The Great Aussie Dingo 14  Then… & Now 28  The Parker Penny 16

Travelling by train from Geelong to Melbourne, the second bridge travelled under after leaving Geelong Station is the Telegraph Bridge. The present modern concrete bridge was built in 1971, and is a far cry from the original built back in 1854. 1854 was a year of great progress for Geelong, fuelled by the gold rush at Ballarat. Described as “the greatest invention of the age,” a telegraph line was built between Melbourne and Geelong, with the first message being sent on December 6, 1854 from a small “purpose-built” Telegraph Office (in reality, a tiny shed) located at the top of Bellerine Street. In anticipation of this wondrous event, the owners of a new hotel built earlier that same year in Geelong West (then called Ashby) named their establishment the “Telegraph Hotel.” Naturally, to help people locate the adjacent bridge, it was named after the hotel; hence the Telegraph Bridge. Some have asked whether there was originally a level crossing on this site, but the answer is No! The wealthy investors who funded the railway project, based mainly in England, insisted that there be no level crossings the whole length of the railway between Melbourne and Geelong—all roads had to cross the railway by bridge. This condition for a railway line was unheard of before this time, and became extremely taxing on the contractors. They claimed that at many of the crossings, less than five vehicles a day would be expected to cross the railway line. Never-the-less, before the controversial clause in the contract was removed, several bridges were already in place, including the Telegraph bridge. Convict labour was used to build the railway sections and early bridges around Geelong. Since the Geelong Goal (prison) had not yet been built, convicts were housed on the Sacramento, a prison ship moored in Corio Bay. The Telegraph Bridge was completed on December 1, 1854. How- ever, two weeks before its completion locals were already com- plaining that heavily laden drays could not cross it. Perhaps the bridge was not strong enough, or maybe the slopes on either side were too steep. Never-the-less, it was nearly finished and the con- tractor refused to alter it. Works were completed at the Geelong The modern Telegraph Bridge was built in 1971 2 end of the railway by May, 1855 and the official opening of the Melbourne -Geelong line took place with much celebration on June 25, 1857. The poor construction of the original bridge was soon noticed by official eyes. In 1859 a government commission reporting on the state of the Melbourne-Geelong railway described the Telegraph Bridge as being “of the most inferior character.” The report went on to recommend the removal of the existing bridge, and the construction of a new bridge. This occurred in 1862. The new bridge (seen below behind the derailed train) was constructed with iron beams and bluestone abutments. At 11m wide it was much narrower than the original wooden bridge (20m). Due to increasing motor car traffic in the 20th century, the bridge eventually became a bottleneck; so, in 1929 the bridge was widened to 20m, but could still only carry limited weights. Thus, although not with the character of the earlier bridges, but with much more functionality we have the modern Telegraph Bridge of today. The bridge featured prominently in the worldwide broadcast of the World Cycling Championships held last year.

Train Derailment: Wednesday, August 20, 1873 11:00am Locomotive 23, a goods train bound for Ballarat, was passing Telegraph Bridge when the boiler exploded. The driver and stoker/fireman both suffered injuries. Six trucks and vans were greatly damaged by the explosion. The initial report from the investigating engineer found that the probable cause of the accident was faulty laminated boiler plates used by the manufacturers in England 12 years earlier. The bridge was the second built on the site by the Railway Department. The Telegraph Hotel can be seen in the background. Photo: Geelong Heritage Centre 2009/00119 3 The Pink Panther is the main character in a series of animated short films that are self-titled. The character originally appeared in the opening and closing credit sequences of the 1963 live-action feature film—The Pink Panther, a comedy featuring Peter Sellers as a bumbling detective. The popularity of the character spawned a series of 124 animated shorts.

The first entry in the series, 1964’s The Pink Phink, featured the panther harassing a little white moustached man who is actually a caricature of Fitz Ferleng (The Creator of the Pink Panther).

In an early series of Pink Panther cartoons, the Pink Panther generally remained silent. Rich Little provided the panther’s voice in the latter shorts.

All of the animated Pink Panther shorts utilized the jazzy theme music composed by Henry Mancini for the 1963 feature film.

The Pink Panther won the 1964 Academy Award for Animated Short Film.

In the fall of 1969, the Pink Panther cartoons made their way to NBC television, shown Saturday mornings via The Pink Panther Show. A number of sister series joined The Pink Panther on movie screens and the airwaves, among them The Ant and The Aardvark, The Tijuana Toads, Hoot Kloot and Mister Jaw. In 1978, after nine years on NBC, The Pink Panther moved to ABC, where it lasted one season before leaving the network realm entirely.

A Pink Panther comic strip was started in 2005.

The Pink Panther is associated with a number of Cancer awareness and support organisations. The Pink Panther is the mascot of the New Zealand Child Cancer Foundation and for a line of clothing to promote Breast Cancer Awareness.

HISTORY – [from England] In 1195, Richard I (“the Lionheart") of England commis- sioned certain knights to preserve the peace in unruly areas. They were known as "Keepers of the Peace". An act passed in 1327 referred to ‘good and lawful men’ being appointed in every county in the land to ‘guard the peace.’ These individuals were first referred to as “Conservators of the Peace,” or “Wardens of the Peace.” The title “Justice of the Peace” dates from 1361, during the reign of King Edward III Plantagenet. The Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 stripped the power to appoint normal JP’s from those municipal corporations that had it. This was replaced by the present system in England, where the Lord Chancellor nominates candidates with local advice. Until the introduction of elected county councils in the 19th century Justices of the Peace also administered the county at a local level. They fixed wages, regulated food supplies, built and controlled roads and bridges. Women in Britain were not allowed to become JP’s until 1919, the first woman being Ada Summers, the Mayor of Stalybridge. In Geelong A roster for Justices of the Peace was arranged for the Corio Police Station (in the foyer) since May 2006 to witness documents for people in the community. This service was instigated to relieve Police of these duties –  Witnessing certified copies  Statutory Declarations  Affidavits  All other forms where an authorised witness is required This service is available at the Corio Police Station: Monday’s & Fridays 9.30am to 1pm This service is also available at the Geelong Police Station: Monday to Friday 9.30am to 1pm.

The ‘Royal Victorian Association of Honorary Justices’ Celebrated 100 years in Victoria in 2010.

Zebras are African equids (horse-like) best known for their distinctive black and white stripes. Their stripes come in different patterns unique to each individual. They are generally social animals and can been seen in groups ranging from small harems to large herds. In addition to their stripes, zebras have erect, Mohawk-like manes.

The Plains zebra is the most common, and has about twelve subspecies distributed across much of southern and eastern Africa.

The unique stripes and behaviour of zebras place them among the most easily recognised of animals. They can be found in a variety of habitats, such as grasslands, savannas, woodlands, thorny scrublands, mountains and coastal hills. However, various factors have had a severe impact on zebra populations, in particular hunting for their striped skins as well as habitat destruction.

Unlike their closest relatives, horses and asses, zebras are wild animals. They have never been truly domesticated.

6 A zebra foal is brown and white There are 3 species of Zebra with the Grevy’s instead of black zebra and Mountain zebra being endangered, and white at birth and the Plains zebra being much more plentiful. It was previously believed that zebras were white animals with black stripes, Embryological evidence, however, shows that the animals’ background colour is dark and the white stripes and bellies are additional. With each stripping pattern unique to each individual, zebras can recognise one another by their stripes. Like horses, zebras walk, trot, canter and gallop. They are generally slower than horses, but their great stamina helps them outpace predators. When chased, a zebra will zigzag from side to side, making it more difficult for the predator. Zebras also have excellent eyesight. The zebra has its eyes on the side of its head, giving it a wide field of view. Zebras also have night vision. Zebras have great hearing, and tend to have larger, rounder ears than horses. They can turn their ears in almost any direction. Like horses, zebras sleep standing up and only sleep when neighbours are around to warn them of predators. Female zebras mature earlier than the males, and a mare may have her first foal by the age of three. Mares may give birth to one foal every twelve months. Males are not able to breed until the age of five or six. To see zebras, why not schedule a visit to the Werribee Zoo.

The word Zodiac (meaning “circle of animals”) refers to the patterns or configurations of creatures seen in the twinkling stars at night. The luminescent Sun apparently moves month by month through the Zodiac, transceiving the energy of those different constellational signs and thereby transmitting their celestial radiations to our Earth.* Use of the Zodiac can be traced back to ancient Babylon at least 3,000 years ago. (Today the ruins of Babylon are located about 80km from Baghdad in Iraq). Religious worshippers called Astrologers , developed a system of predicting the future that has become very popular even in modern times. Today, horoscopes featuring the signs of the Zodiac are still read every day by curious followers seeking insight into their future.

ARIES, March 21—April 20 TAURUS, April 21—May 21 GEMINI, May 22—June 21 CANCER, June 22—July 22 LEO, July 23—Aug 23 VIRGO, Aug 24—Sept 22 LIBRA, Sept 23—Oct 23 SCORPIO, Oct 24—Nov 22 SAGITTARIUS, Nov 23—Dec 21 CAPRICORN, Dec 22—Jan 20 Did You Know? AQUARIUS, Jan 21— Feb 18 The „Magi‟ or Wise Men that visited the young child, Jesus in Bethlehem PISCES, Feb 19—March 20 were actually Astrologers!

*There is no scientific basis whatsoever that the position of our Sun or the stars in the universe have any influence on our future. Astrology is simply one form of divination. 8

In 1933, a Gippsland famer’s wife wrote a letter to Ford, asking for a vehicle that her and husband can go to church in without getting wet, and that her husband can use to take the pigs to market on Monday. The original 1934 Ford Coupe Utility, The idea of combining a car and truck designed by Lewis Brandt here in Geelong. together was something that Lewis Brandt, then a 22-year-old designer at Ford Geelong, came up with. He took the 1933 model coupe and built the back on it and strengthened the chassis so that it would carry the load, and so it was approved, and went into production in 1934. The front is just a very nice Ford coupe passenger car, the back of course is the workhorse part of it. This is exactly what the farmer’s wife from Gippsland wanted—a car that had wind-up windows, comfortable seats, and a roof that would not let the rain in. Lew Brandt had got it right! The vehicle had great appeal to farmers. It was the middle of the Great Depression, the banks would only lend money for one vehicle, and that meant that with a loan from the bank you could actually buy a truck and a car Lewis Brandt together. The idea quickly became a worldwide hit! When Lewis Brandt retired, he’d always had in his mind that he’d like to have one of the original utes. He tried finding one in working order and couldn’t. Eventually he found the wreck of one in a farmer’s garage. He got it out and rebuilt it from scratch. Upon completion, he painted it sky blue with kangaroos, kookaburras and rosellas because, as he said, “This was the true Australian ute.” The influence that Lewis Brandt had on the worldwide motor industry was tremendous, since virtually every other manufacturer of popular cars also built a coupe utility. Today’s Ford Utility is still a popular style of vehicle, and not just with farmers.

As the Australians and English sides battled it out for The Ashes this Summer, few cricket lovers would have given thought as to when cricket between these two nations really began.* No, we are not referring to the first “official” test held at the MCG in Melbourne in 1877 which Australia won by 45 runs. In fact, nine years earlier an Australian team had toured England—made up totally of Aboriginal players! From the early 1860s onwards, cricket matches between Aboriginals and European settlers had been played on the cattle stations of the Wimmera District in western Victoria, where many Aboriginals worked as stockmen. The athletic skills of the Aborigines were so evident that a series of matches was eventually undertaken with the intention of forming the strongest possible Aboriginal eleven. The resulting team was coached principally by William Hayman with assistance from Tom Wills (who had already helped establish Australian Rules Football). The latter captained the team in a match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground which began on Boxing Day 1866 and attracted 8,000 spectators. So impressed were some of the English immigrants, they financed a tour of the Aboriginal side to England 18 months later. At the time London was in the grip of controversy over the theory of evolution, since Charles Darwin had published his famous work „The Origin of Species‟ a few years earlier in 1859. The first match was played at The Oval in London and attracted 20,000 spectators. Presumably many of these spectators attended out of curiosity to see

*Surprisingly, the first ever international cricket match recorded was held in September, 1844 between Canada and the United States.

An Aboriginal cricket team pictured with their captain Tom Wills at the MCG in late December 1866.

10 members of a strange-looking Team Members: 1868 Tour of England race perform athletically Johnny Mullagh—traditional name: Unaarrimin rather than merely to savour Bullocky—traditional name: Bullachanach a cricket contest. Sundown—traditional name: Ballrinjarrimin The Times reported: Dick-a-Dick—traditional name: Jungunjinanuke Johnny Cuzens—traditional name: Zellanach "Their hair and beards are King Cole—traditional name: Bripumyarrimin long and wiry, their skins vary Red Cap—traditional name: Brimbunyah in shades of blackness, and Twopenny—traditional name: Murrumgunarriman most of them have broadly Charley Dumas—traditional name: Pripumuarraman expanded nostrils. Having Jimmy Mosquito—traditional name: Grougarrong been brought up in the bush Tiger—traditional name: Boninbarngeet to agricultural pursuits under Peter—unknown European settlers, they are Jim Crow—unknown perfectly civilised and are *During June, King Cole died from tuberculosis and was quite familiar with the English buried in Tower Hamlets in London. Sundown and Jim Crow went home in August due to ill-health. language." The Daily Telegraph wrote: “It is highly interesting and curious, to see mixed in a friendly game on the most historically Saxon part of our island, representatives of two races so far removed from each other as the modern Englishman and the Aboriginal Australian. Although several of them are native bushmen, and all are as black as night, these Indian fellows are to all intents and purposes, clothed and in their right minds.” Altogether, the Aborigines played 47 matches throughout England over a period of six months, winning 14, losing 14 and drawing 19; a good result that surprised many at the time. Their skills were said to range from individuals who were exceptional athletes down to two or three other team members who hardly contributed at all. The outstanding player was Johnny Mullagh. He scored 1,698 runs and took 245 wickets. An admired English fast bowler of the time, George Tarrant, bowled to Mullagh during a lunch interval and later said, "I have never bowled to a better batsman." In addition to playing cricket, the Aborigines frequently put on an exhibition of boomerang and spear throwing at the conclusion of a match.

Why did Aboriginal involvement in cricket stop? The Central Board for Aborigines ruled in 1869 that it would be illegal to remove any Aborigine from the colony of Victoria without the approval of the government minister. This effectively curtailed the involvement of Johnny Mullagh Aborigines in the game. 11

In small amounts (less than one drink a day) alcohol can be considered a food with proven benefits to the body. Sadly, though, many drink to excess. Why? For most it simply comes down to the fact that they feel sad, depressed or bored. They prefer to ignore the dangers of over- drinking to obtain a feeling of being relaxed, care-free and uninhibited. Current anxieties and concerns are quickly forgotten (only to return when sobering up.) There are much better ways to obtain a deep and lasting feeling of happi- ness. We will give some suggestions later. But first, we should be aware of the many dangers of excessive alcohol. The Effects of Over-Drinking— Physical damage  Heart disease. Risk of having a heart attack increases.  Liver disease. Hepatitis, Cirrhosis (scarred liver tissue), Cancer  Impaired brain function. Destroyed brain cells. Memory loss. Confusion. Psychological changes  Alcohol can be very addictive. Even reformed alcoholics can slide back into addictive behaviour with as little as one drink.  Under the influence of alcohol many become violent and aggressive, increasing the risk of becoming a victim or perpetrator of violence.  Inhibitions rise. The conscience fades. Thus, an alcohol affected person tends to be more promiscuous, engaging in conduct they would never be involved in if sober. Family havoc  Poor decision making leads to family frustration  Dullness of thinking contributes to communication breakdown.  Poor parental example can lead to generational alcoholism. (The kids follow the parents bad example.) Job limitations and income waste  Alcoholism leads to more sick days from work, poor work performance, and increasing tension among workers. Unemployment is more likely.  Alcohol affected workers dramatically increase workplace accidents.  Over-drinking costs individuals $1,000s every year. Many alcoholics (even binge drinkers) experience on-going financial hardship. As a result, they drink to ease their anxiety, refusing to admit that drinking is part of the problem in the first place.

12 Better Than Alcohol!  Wise friends—who give evidence of having control of their actions; who do not need alcohol; and who are happy.  Regular exercise—helps to blow the cobwebs out of the mind.  Doing something to help others—many drinkers isolate themselves and wonder why they are not happy.  Set reasonable goals for yourself—some short-term, others long-term.  Careful money management—pay for necessary items first. Speak with a financial counsellor if you struggle to spend money wisely.  Find answers to life‟s problems—without resorting to alcohol or drugs! It Doesn’t Just Happen to Others! It was Saturday, April 18, 1998 but it still feels like yesterday. My younger brother was drunk. He was killed by being hit by a car while crossing Bacchus Marsh Road here in Corio. He was 22 years old. The thing is, he was always very safety conscious and pulled us up if he thought we were doing something dangerous. So, what went wrong…? My stepdad and my brother went to work early that day, but the job site was closed when they got there. The wharfie`s had gone on strike. So, after support- ing the picket line for a while my stepdad said: “Come on, let‟s go home.” Mum was puzzled to see them home so early, until my stepdad explained why. At about 10am my brother went to his girlfriend‟s home where he started drinking with his girlfriend‟s dad and her older brother. Later in the day he went with his girlfriend‟s brother to the football where they continued to drink. When the football had finished the boys went to the Norlane Hotel were they drank more alcohol. Later, my brother purchased a bottle of Cougar and continued drinking at his girlfriend‟s home. I was told his glass contained more Cougar than coke. When the bottle of Cougar emptied, he told his girlfriend he was going home. She asked him to stay but, becoming confused, he insisted on going because he wanted to hitch-hike to Melbourne and support the on-going wharfie‟s strike. He was so drunk she knew he wouldn‟t be able to walk himself safely home but she could do little to help since she was on crutches at the time. Her 16-year-old brother offered to go with him, but my brother kept telling him he was okay. Eventually they set off together. However, when they got to Bacchus Marsh Road, my brother got angry with him and told him to leave him alone. The 16-year-old turned his back for a split second and heard a bang. Turning around he saw my brother under the car. He died instantly. My mum and I feel very sorry for the poor, elderly man driving the car. It was not his fault, yet he too has to live with the trauma the rest of his life. The 16-year- old boy still blames himself too, because he turned his back for a split second. It was not his fault either. My wonderful brother was drunk… and now he is dead. It happened on Saturday, April 18, 1998 but it still feels like yesterday. - Contributed

The scientific name for the Dingo is Canis Lupus dingo which is a subspecies of the wolf (Canis Lupus). It is understood that the Dingo came to Australia over 2500 years ago, brought by seafaring Asian traders who used them as an alternative food source. The current population has grown from only two original animals. They are wild dogs, and as such are not easily tamed. Physical Features The Dingo ranges from 10-25 kg in weight as an adult and grow to approximately 1 meter long and 60cm high (shoulder height). Their colour varies from sandy to ginger, black, black and tan, and even white depending on the region. The most commonly seen coloration of the Dingo is ginger with white tips on their feet, ears and tail. They can turn their heads nearly 180 degrees, have unique paws with wrists that can rotate and have even been known to turn door knobs. They live up to 10 years in the wild, but can live up to 15 years in captivity. Social life Dingo’s rarely bark (it sounds The dingo is very sociable and they more like a cough), but have at live in packs. They work together to least 10 variations of howling. raise their young and also to hunt. The size of the pack depends on the sea- sonal conditions and time of year, with more dingoes socialising during the mating season. Hybrids Dingoes readily interbreed with domestic dogs which then give birth to hybrid dogs. These hybrids are giving the dingo a bad name by killing domestic livestock, which is then being blamed on the Dingo. As a result, humans have tried to eradicate the Dingo in some areas, using methods such as poisoning, trapping and shooting. Animal Rights groups are trying to save the Dingo from being hunted, leading to conflict with long- suffering farmers.

14 Breeding The female only mates once a year in Autumn with the litter born 2 months later. A litter usually comprises between five to ten pups. Pups start to hunt after three months and become independent after 9-12 months. They are then allowed to either stay with the group or are chased away to find another pack.

“A Dingo Took My Baby!” Azaria Chantel Loren Chamberlain (born June 11, 1980 in Mount Isa, Queensland) was a nine-week-old baby girl, who disappeared on the night of August 17, 1980 on a camping trip to Uluru (then known as Ayers Rock) with her family. Her body was never found. Azaria’s parents, Lindy and Michael Chamberlain, reported that she had been taken from their tent by a dingo. An initial inquest, highly critical of the police investigation, supported this assertion. The findings of the inquest were broadcast live on television — a first in Australia. Subsequently, after a further investigation and second inquest, Azaria's mother, Lindy Chamberlain, was tried for murder. She was found guilty on October 29, 1982 and sentenced to life imprisonment. Azaria's father, Michael Chamberlain, was convicted as an accessory after the fact and given a suspended sentence. After the chance discovery of Azaria’s missing matinee jacket in early 1986 Lindy was released from jail. On September 15, 1988 all convictions against Lindy and Michael Chamberlain were overturned by the Northern Territory Court of Criminal Appeals. Officially, the case remains Lindy Chamberlain, with unsolved to this day. baby Azaria. 15

You have to pay for an inexpensive item but only have a $50 note. “Sorry,” says the shopkeeper, “I don’t have change.” What do you do now? This was a common scene for shoppers in Geelong 160 years ago. In the 1840s there was a small change crisis in the Colony of New South Wales. It was perhaps most severely felt in the Port Phillip District, at that time still part of the Colony. Australian colonial governments were not keen to take responsibility for providing coins. Coins were made in England and the British government could make a penny for less than a penny. The Colonial government could only buy one for a penny, then pay the cost of ship- ping and, once the coins were worn out, they would be responsible for replacing them. The retail trade already had a solution with the issue of copper tokens. On one side of the token retailers placed their name and business and on the other a figure of Britannia like the one on a real penny. When these arrived in 1849 they gave them out in change as pennies from their shop. There was outrage in the morning papers the next day demanding that the police and law courts take immediate action. However the tokens were not forgeries, they were not copies of real coins and clearly stated what company had issued them. Soon, shops all over Melbourne and Geelong were ordering tokens issued in their name to give as change to customers. In Geelong, the most famous token was issued by the ironmongers—R.Parker.

Richard Parker arrived in Victoria in 1839 and established a general store in Elizabeth Street, Melbourne with a Mr Boadle. The partnership dissolved when Boadle left town. Parker then moved to Collins Street and continued his business until selling out to Germain Nicholson in 1844. He then moved to Geelong and established an ironmongery store (today we would call it a Hardware Store). Parker was very successful, and opened stores in Clunes, Back Creek (Talbot), Firey Creek and Ararat. Parker issued at least ten varieties of tokens, all with the same inscription and figure on the faces, but with slight variations. When the tokens arrived, they were emptied out in a huge pile in the window, and as small change was scare, people flocked to the shop to exchange their silver for the more convenient copper.

What happened to all the tokens? Well over half a million tokens were milled in Australia but by the 1860’s regular currency was becoming easier to acquire and the use of tokens became less popular with customers. The Sydney mint gathered a sample of the tokens in circulation and sent them to London for analysis (they are still in the Royal Mint’s collection). They were found to be of good quality copper and the British government accepted a request to purchase them at full face value. The tokens were withdrawn from circulation, shipped to London, melted, alloyed into bronze and struck into new pennies, halfpennies and farthings—at a profit!

How well do you know the Geelong region and its landmarks. Could you identify all the pictures below? Take the test. (Answers are on Page 26)

(1) 1 Point (2) 1 Point (3) 1 Points

(4) 2 Point (5) 2 Points

(7) 3 Points

(6) 3 Points (8) 3 Points

17 The Port of Geelong is located on the shores of Corio Bay and is the sixth- largest in Australia by tonnage. Major commodities handled by the port include crude oil and petroleum products, export grain and woodchips, alumina imports, and fertiliser. Major port industries include Alcoa‟s Point Henry smelter, AWB Limited‟s grain elevator, and Shell Australia‟s Corio oil refinery. The Port of Geelong handled $5.6 billion worth of bulk cargo in 2004-5, made up of 12 million tonnes of cargo from 543 ship visits. Before the initial settlement of Geelong, a sandbar across the bay from Point Lillias to Point Henry prevented ships from entering the inner harbour. Ships were required to drop anchor in the bay, and cargo was brought into Geelong on small barges. At times it was possible to walk across the bay on the sandbar at low tide. The first channel through the sandbar was started in 1853, providing less than 4 metres draught for ships. This channel was straightened out and dredged at a depth of 6 metres in the 1860s. In 1881 a new channel was started that took 12 years to complete. It was named the Hopetoun Channel after Lord Hopetoun who opened it on December 20, 1893. Current channel depth is maintained at 12.3metres. The maximum draught for ships entering Corio Bay is 11.7 metres. Management of the channels and port of Geelong was the responsibility of the Geelong Harbour Trust that was formed in December 1905. In addition, the Authority was responsible for the associated ports at Queenscliff, Barwon Heads, Lorne and Apollo Bay. In 1981, the trust was reconstituted as the Port of Geelong Authority as an attempt to follow modern practice with the naming of organisations responsible for ports operation throughout the world. The authority was privatised by the State Government, being sold to TNT Logistics for $49.6 million on 1 July 1996. Today the port is now branded as Geelong Port, and owned by Asciano Limited. The landmark restaurant at the end of Cunningham Pier is currently undergoing refurbishment. 18 Refinery Pier

Point Lillias Lascelles Wharf

Corio Quay

Grain Pier Corio Bay

Point Henry

Alcoa Wharf

Cunningham Pier

Google maps

Major piers in the Port of Geelong include: Cunningham Pier: opened as the Railway Pier in the mid 1850s. Disused by the 1980s, currently undergoing refurbishment. Moorabool Street Wharf: Main terminal for bay cruises until demolished in the 1950s. Yarra Street Pier: Destroyed by fire in 1988 and mostly removed, but has seen a number of rebuilding proposals since. Corio Quay: Construction started in the 1900s, and the wharfs are still in use today for woodchip and bulk cargoes. Grain Pier: Built to export grain from the adjacent grain elevators in 1937. Replaced by a newer pier to the north in the 1990s. Lascelles Wharf: Caters for general cargo, as well as minerals and fertiliser for the adjacent phosphate works.

19 February 7, 2009 During extreme bushfire-weather conditions*, Australia recorded its highest ever loss of life in peacetime. 173 people died as result of bushfires and 414 were injured. As many as 400 individual fires were recorded on the one day. 3,582 fire fighting personnel were deployed across the state on the morning of February 7 in anticipation of the extreme conditions. By mid-morning, hot winds in excess of 100 kilometres per hour hit the state. Humidity levels dropped to as low as 6%. A total fire ban was declared for the entire state of Victoria. By midday, wind speeds were reaching their peak and by 12:30 pm conditions became perfect for sparking a bushfire that would later generate extensive pyrocumulus cloud and become the largest, deadliest and most intense firestorm ever experienced in Australia’s history. Major fires Kinglake area (Kilmore East fire) The hottest day Just before midday on February 7, high winds felled a ever recorded in 2km section of power lines owned by SP AusNet in Kilmore East, sparking a fire in open grasslands that Geelong was on adjoined pine plantations. The fire was fanned by Black Saturday, extreme north-westerly winds, and travelled 50 km (31 mi) south-east in a narrow fire front through Wandong, reaching 47.9°C Clonbinane, into Kinglake National Park and onto the towns of Humevale, Kinglake West, Strathewen and St Andrews. The cool change passed through the area around 5:30 pm, bringing strong south-westerly winds. The wind change turned the initial long and narrow fire band into a wide fire front that moved through Kinglake, Steels Creek, Chum Creek, Toolangi, Hazeldene and Flowerdale. The area became the worst impacted in the state, with a total of 120 deaths and more than 1,200 homes destroyed. Murrindindi Mill fire According to eyewitnesses, the Murrindindi mill fire started at 2:55 pm. It burned south-east across the Black range, parallel to the Kilmore fire towards Narbethong. At Narbethong, it destroyed 95 % of the town’s houses. When the southerly changed struck, it swept towards the town of Marysville. Late in the *On Black Saturday several localities across the state, including Melbourne, recorded their highest temperatures since records began in 1859.

20 afternoon of February 7, residents had anticipated that the fire front would bypass Marysville. However, at about 5 pm, power was lost to the town. Around 5:30 pm, the wind died away; minutes later it returned from a different direction, bringing the fire up the valley with it. Kinglake-Marysville fires The Kinglake fire complex was named when the two earlier fires, the Kilmore East and the Murrindindi Mill fire merged following the wind change on the evening of February 7. This combined fire-front was the largest of the many fires burning on Black Saturday, destroying over 330,000 ha (820,000 acres). It was also the most destructive, with over 1,800 houses destroyed and a total of 159 lives lost in the region. Central Gippsland fires The Central Gippsland bushfires began in a pine plantation 1 km south-east of Churchill at about 1:30 pm in the afternoon. Within 30 minutes it had spread to the south-east, threatening Hazelwood South, Jeeralang, and Budgeree East; by late afternoon the fire was approaching Yarram and Woodside on the south Gippsland coast. The cool change came through the area about 6 pm, but the south-westerly winds it brought pushed the fire north-east through

Callignee (destroying 57 of its 61 homes), Koornalla and Traralgon South, and on towards Gormandale and Willung South on the Hyland Highway. The fire threatened the Loy Yang Power Station, particularly the station’s open-cut coal mine. Several small fires broke out in the bunker storing raw coal from the mine, but were contained with no damage. The fire burnt out 32,860 ha and killed 11 Fire-fighter David Tree giving Sam the Koala a drink of water on Black Saturday. This symbol of compassion people. in the face of disaster became news headlines around Two Years Later— the world. Sadly, Sam the Koala died six months later on August 6, 2009. As the last of the flames were being extinguished an outpouring of grief, followed by acts of great compassion and generous donations flooded in, giving evidence to the strong bond within the Australian community. A Royal Commission was established to investigate the role played by Emergency Services on that fateful day. A number of recommen- dations were made which are still being trialled to this date. However, under such extreme conditions, when the full force of nature is let loose, there is nothing that can be humanly done to contain it—just like Black Saturday.

21 Cadel Lee Evans is an Australian professional racing cyclist for the International Cycling Union (UCI) Professional Conti- nental team BMC Racing Team. Cadel was born February 14, 1977 in Katherine, Northern Territory. He inherited his surname from his great-grandfather who hailed from Wales. He also believes that his first name is of Welsh origin. When not racing professionally Cadel lives at Barwon Heads, near Geelong. Evans started his international career as a member of the Australian Institute of Sport MTB team under head coach Heiko Salzwedel and MTB coach Damien Grundy. Before he turned to road cycling in 2001, Cadel was a champion mountain biker, first riding for

Cadel Evans won bronze medals at the 1995 junior world road time trial championship and junior world mountain bike championship and also won silver medals at the 1997 and 1999 under-23 world championships. the Diamondback MTB team, then for Volvo-Cannondale MTB team, winning the world cup in 1998 and 1999 and placing seventh in the men‟s cross country mountain bike race at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. In 2006 Cadel bettered his performance, by finishing fourth in the Tour de France, after the disqualification of Floyd Landis. He won the Tour de France Romandie, beating the Spaniards Alberto Contador and Alejandro Valverde on the last stage, a 20 km time trial around Lausanne. In 2007, Evans became the first Australian to win the UCI ProTour. He has the highest Tour de France finishes for an Australian, coming second

22 in 2007 and 2008. He also became the first Australian to win the UCI road world championships cycling event on 27 September 2009 in Switzerland. The win came shortly after his third placing in the Vuelta Espana, during which he wore the gold leader‟s jersey for a day, although his race was marred by mechanical failure in the way up the Sierra Nevada mountain finish. The combination of poor team support and poor form hampered his 2009 Tour de France campaign. Cadel became one Australia‟s most successful cyclists with two podium places at the Tour de France. He has joined an elite group of cyclists who have all worn all three leaders‟ jerseys. After Evans became world champion he seemed to commit himself fully to helping his teammate Philippe Gilbert. To many this was evidence of a happier relationship between Evans and Silence-Lotto. It was then revealed that Cadel was to depart from the team, with the citing his reason for leaving was “to look for new challenges.” This year Evans moved to the BMC Racing Team. He has since had success in the 2010 Fleche Wallonne and held the Magalia Rosa after stage 2 of the 2010 Giro d‟Italia. Evans also held the yellow jersey for stage nine of the 2010 Tour de France while riding with a hairline fracture in his left elbow caused during a crash in the previous stage. Evans lost significant time to the leaders during stage nine, which lost him the yellow jersey and put him out of serious contention for overall victory. He ended the tour in 26th place. Cadel Facts:  When racing Cadel lives in Stabio, Switzerland.  At school he obtained his VCE (year 12) at Eltham High School in Melbourne.  On his sporting background Cadel states: “It‟s strange that I could become a professional athlete—Physically, I am completely unsuitable for almost all Australian school sports. Nearly all Australian school sports require speed and/or size.”  Cadel started cycling with a 16” BMX. His first competition was in 1991.  Pet hates: Smoking; Negative People.

Bigfoot, also known as Sasquatch, is reportedly an ape-like creature that inhabits forests, mainly in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Bigfoot is usually described as a large, hairy, bipedal humanoid. A majority of scientists discount the existence of Bigfoot and consider it to be a combination of folklore, misidentification, and hoax, rather than a legitimate animal. Nevertheless, Bigfoot is one of the more famous examples of an enduring legend.

Bigfoot is described in reports as a large ape-like creature, ranging between 6-10 feet (2-3m) tall, weighing in excess of 500 pounds (230kg), and covered in dark brown or dark reddish hair. Alleged witnesses have described large eyes, a pronounced brow ridge, and a large, low-set forehead; the top of the head has been described as rounded and crested. Bigfoot is commonly reported to have a strong, unpleasant smell by those who claim to have encountered it.

The enormous footprints for which it is named have been as large as 24 inches (60cm) long and 8 inches (20cm) wide. Some casts have contained claw marks, making it likely that a portion came from known animals such as bears, which have five toes and claws.

1958 was a watershed year for not just the Bigfoot story itself but also the culture that surrounds it. The first Bigfoot hunters began following the discovery of footprints at Bluff Creek. Within a year, Tom Slick, who had funded searches for Yeti in the Himalayas earlier in the decade, organised searches for Bigfoot in the area. As Bigfoot has become better known and a phenomenon in popular cultures, sightings have spread throughout North America.

SUNDAY 20TH FEBRUARY 2011 Deakin University Sport ground, Waurn Ponds Organised by The Kiwanis Club of Geelong inc.

See over 1,200 Ford Show Cars at the All Ford Day, with over 30 Ford Car Club displays, as well as private show cards, show car judging and trophies.

Other Fun for the family includes:  Souvenirs  Merchandise sales  V8 Super Car Drivers  Celebrity Appearances  Live band  Simulator  Ford Discovery Centre Display  Trade displays  Kid's rides  Autograph sessions  Entertainment  Food Vans  Shannon's Memorabilia Auction

Event enquires: Ph: 5244 1574

Athena, is the goddess of war, civilization, wisdom, strength, strategy, crafts, justice and skill in Greek mythology. In the Greek Myths, the birth of Athena’s worship began in Crete. Minerva, Athena’s Roman incarnation, embodies similar attributes. Athena is also a shrewd companion of heroes and the goddess of heroic endeavour. She is the virgin patron of Athens. The Athenians built the Parthenon on the Acropolis of her namesake city, Athens, in her honour. Athena is the daughter of Metis and Zeus. In order to avoid a prophecy made that any offspring of his union with Metis would be greater than he, Zeus swallowed Metis to prevent her from having offspring, but she already was pregnant with Athena. Metis gave birth to Athena and nurtured her inside Zeus until Zeus complained of headaches and called for Hephaestus to split his head open with his smithing tools. Athena burst forth from his forehead fully armed with weapons given by her mother. She famously wields the thunderbolt and the Aegis (shield), which she and Zeus share exclusively. Athena had a special relationship with Athens, as is shown by the etymo- logical connection of the names of the goddess and the city. The citizens of Athens built a statue of Athena as a temple to the goddess, which had piercing eyes, a helmet on her head, attired with aegis or cuirass (breastplate), and an extremely long spear. It also had a crystal shield with the head of the Gorgon on it. A large snake accompanied her and she held

the goddess of victory in her hand.

Heads.

“At The Heads” Restaurant, Barwon Barwon Restaurant, Heads” The “At 8. Beach. Eastern at Boardwalk Circular 7.

Moorabool Street Bridge over the Barwon River River Barwon the over Bridge Street Moorabool 6. St. Moorabool 26 — Museum

National Wool Wool National 5. St. Myers — Goal Geelong Old 4. Carousel. Waterfront 3.

Cnr. Moorabool St & Ryrie St. St. Ryrie & St Moorabool Cnr. — Building G & T 2. Gardens. Botanic Geelong 1.

Answers – p.17 on Quiz Landmarks Geelong

26 Geelong– 150 years ago this month “The trotting match between Mr. W. Warren's Whisker and Mr. C. Proctor's Archie took place to-day. The distance was 100 miles; the stake- Warren's £165 against Proctor's £150, the difference having been allowed for choice of course. The 100 miles was done by Archie in 9 hours and 36 minutes, including stoppages. They started at 10 minutes before 6 o'clock this morning, at the 46th milepost, on the road from Ballarat to Ararat, Whisker carrying 11 stone, besides saddle and bridle; and Archie carrying 11st. 71b., besides saddle and bridle. The owners rode. Archie reached Ballarat a little before half-past 9, with Mr. Tomkins, who was umpire for Warren. They remained there l8 minutes, refreshing horse, and started about 12 minutes to 10, and kept up 12 miles an hour to Batesford, including stoppages. Proctor stopped every 7 miles to wash his horse's mouth, and at every 14 miles he gave him gruel. On rising the hill at Batesford, Archie gave in; and although got into a trot again between that and the town, he arrived at the winning-post here in an apparently exhausted state, hardly able to walk. Whisker is reported pulled up at the Clyde, lame. Tomkins, the umpire, rode four horses down with Archie, changing at Burrumbeet, Ballarat, and Meredith.”

(The Argus, Tuesday 12 February, 1861 p.5)

About this brochure: This brochure has been produced as a community service by participants in the Work For The Dole scheme at Workskil- Corio branch office. This is part of a Job Services Australia initiative. All comments and views expressed in this publication are the opinions of the participants in the scheme and not necessarily the views of Workskil or Job Services Australia. If you have any comments about information contained in this brochure, or suggestions for future brochures within the Geelong area please write to: Workskil WFTD Unit 1001 Corio Shopping Centre. Bacchus Marsh Rd. Corio 3214 Ph: (03) 5245 3000

1866

E. de Balk. Alfred Deakin Prime Ministerial Library Moorabool Street. Looking North from the corner of Myers Street. The largest building on the left still exists today, partly hidden behind the Southern Financial Group building on the corner. It is now occupied by the Little India Gift Shop. (note arrows)