S O U T H

P E M B R O K E S H I R E

S OME OF ITS HISTORY AND REC ORDS

B Y

MARY B EATRICE MIREHOUSE

L O N D O N

DAVID N 7-59 L NG A E 5 CR W. UTT, O , C . 1910

P R E F AC E

I T seems to me to be the duty of some in every age to

l so co lect and preserve the records of the past , that the story of the ages may run on unbroken for those who

to care read ; and this , in my case , has been a labour of love , and full of interest and instruction . To all who are interested in unravelling the story of the days that are gone I dedicate this book ; in which I

not own nor have set down as facts any theories of my , made any attempt to fill in the pictures faintly outlined I by the facts recorded in the chronicles . For these am chiefly indebted to the following

’ ’ Camden s Britannia .

’ ’ Lewis Dwnn s Visitation of Pembrokeshire .

’ r Desc iption of Pembrokeshire . George Owen .

’ Historical Tour through Pembrokeshire . R . Fenton .

’ History of Little England beyond Wales . E . Laws .

’ Notes on the Sheriffs of Pembrokeshire . James M A Allen, , and Egerton Allen . f o . . Private Letters the late Dean Allen , of G A Holme ,

’ Esq . , and others .

Chapter I . contains the General History ; in Chapter II . I have written chiefly of places too remote to have attracted

may sizes vi PREFACE

more than passing notice from most historians , but whose records nevertheless should not be forgotten Chapter III . deals with names, and the quaint provincialisms still I I existing , of which only mention those which have myself heard used .

B . M. M.

NGLE A ril 1 1 0 . A , p , 9 C O N T E N T S

CHAPTER I

HISTORY

CHAPTER II

R ECORDS OF PLACES AND OF FAMILIES

CHAPTER II I

R V M S USTOMS AND O N AL SMS . OF NA E , C , P I CI I

S O UTH PE M B R O K E SH I R E

S O ME O F IT S HIS T O RY AN D RECORD S

CHAPTER I

HI STORY

I N 8 Rhodri son of 43 Mawr, Mervyn , the Freckled , King of Mona (Anglesey) , married Angharad , daughter and heiress of Meurig , King of Dyfed and Cardigan , and also inherited practically the whole of Wales but he did not bind it together into one kingdom , and the Kelts con

’ Rh dri a l . o tinu l y fought each other , after thirty years reign , was slain one Sunday in Anglesey by Saxons . His three sons fought against each other and devastated the land . 8 In 77 Hubba the Viking , one of three brothers who overran England from the East Coast , spent the Winter

to Hubberstone on Milford Haven , giving his name and Hubberton ; his followers also left theirs behind at

’ ’ P o ton P ebba s Studd ock Studda s Dokk p ( ton) , ( or pit) ,

’ Wo aston ll Hardin r g (Wogan) , Harding s Hi ( g ) , and many

- others . Hubba sailed from Milford with twenty three

was warships , met the Saxons in the Severn , defeated and slain . SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

w e Dd a . B da of Rh odri Hy l Hywel the Good , or Hywel , grandson

Ll warch a H faidd Mawr , married Elen , daughter of y p y ,

of King Dyfed, and so acquired it by marriage, as his

l r h i 0 . L wa c grandfather had done before him y d ed in 9 5 ,

H faidd 8 his father y 92 .

B da Hywel was King of all South Wales , he made

to to di good laws , which he went Rome learn ; he ed in 8 94 , and his son Owain inherited Dyfed and Cardigan . In his time the Gaels were driven from Aberffraw in

Anglesey it was destroyed, and they took refuge in

Dyfed .

’

8 I . In 9 the Danes landed and destroyed St David s ,

’

Einion . but were beaten off by , Owain s son Owain died

8 8 Einion 82 his Mered dd 9 3 . 9 3 , and the year before , 9 brother y

succeeded, but died 994 , leaving an only daughter, Ang

barad . On his death the Glamorgan men , aided by Danes ,

’ invaded Dyfed , and burnt Narberth and St . David s ; and the land was again torn with hideous strife and blood

shed .

1 0 2 1 of 1 0 2 1 . In Olaf Haroldson , King Norway , invaded

’

ll . i . Olaf of Nor Dyfed , and again pi aged St Dav d s Many of his wa y . Vikings settled afterwards along the coast , giving their names to places such as Skokholm and Grasholm

On ull Islands , Caldy , g or Angel (a hook) , Fishguard,

’ Has uard - bi g h Tenby (Dane , Dane s house) ; some , again ,

e - - derive Tenby from the W lsh Dinbych y Pysgod, t Denbigh of the fishes , thus dis inguished from the

Hakin northern Denbigh) , (Haakon) , Haroldston , Her

brandston E , Thorney (Thorn y or Island) , Haverford

’ - S courfield (Havard s Fiord) , Orielton (Oriel ton) , (Sker

Sk rm e Skroem i of fel , rock , fell) , y ( , name a giant) ; HISTORY 3

to n in use also Danish and Norse names thi gs common , such as

Laekr . Lake , running water

Krili . Creel , a basket

.Grip Grip , a ditch .

- Miskin Myki , muck heap .

- Ha uard . Haggard y g , hay store

1 0 Tewdwr In 77 Rhys at , descended from Cadell ,

’ Rh odri s son eldest , came from Brittany , was j oined by

’ Grufudd a Anarawd Rhodri s p Kynan , descended from ,

son second , and between them they conquered and divided

South Wales . In 1 0 8 1 William the Conqueror came to South Wales with

William I his Normans he was descended also from the Norsemen ,

of as were the men Pembrokeshire , they therefore welcomed

off m . w as them , and threw allegiance to the Ky ri William ’ li i Su en . entertained at St . Dav d s by Bishop William died

1 0 8 a Tewdwr in 7 , and shortly afterwards Rhys p was driven

to away Ireland but he collected an army and returned, and reconquered the land in a great battle at Llechryd

’ and another at St . Dogmael s . The Normans , however, prevailed in the long run , and he was defeated and beheaded

son Grufudd near Brecon , leaving a , , and a daughter , Nesta .

1 0 n Turribus le In 94 Marti de , or Martin Tours , a d Norman baron , lan ed at Fishguard, and established h himself as Lord Marc er of Cemaes , making it a march ,

al . Marteine with Newp ort as the capit Sir Lloyd , the

n le present ow er , traces his descent direct from Martin

’ Tours . Some trace Castlemartin and Martin s Haven

’ le Mord n or also to Martin Tours , others to y , the seaman ,

B 2 4 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

ll as the guardian of the coast in ancient days was ca ed, and

ll or his habitation Gaste M dy n .

of Roger de Montgomery, Earl Shrewsbury, had a

wicked wife, Mabel , and five wicked sons . He had taken

son l B elesm e Montgomery , and his Robert (cal ed de )

Kilgerran , trying to drive out the Welsh . For this purpose

ph d e son Arnul h i figiql another , p de Montgomery , landed in M lford

o er . g m y Haven , and fortified the site of the present Pembroke

Castle , though his fortification was but a very simple one

0 0 . 1 9 . of earthworks and green turf Pembroke is derived

’ - Ar vro . nul h William I . from Pen , the High Rock p de Montgomery s

( 1 w as 1 0 0 fortress built in 9 , and was handed over to the 3553120 ? of l command Gerald de Windsor , formerly Caste lan of

1 0 2 Windsor . In 9 the Welsh again overran Dyfed and

1 1 of besieged Pembroke , the garrison were hard pressed, with 11533 5: only four pigs left these Gerald de Windsor cut up and

l to threw contemptuously over the wal s , show that food

w as ul more plentif within than without , but the Welsh c were not de eived however , a letter he caused to be found

’ Lanfe near the Bishop s Palace at Lamphey ( y , the Bishop ,

l n Arnul h was his enemy) , tel i g p de Montgomery he needed

for neither stores nor reinforcements four months, tricked

them successfully , and the siege was raised .

1 0 1 0 i 9 4 . In 94 the Welsh again rose , and this brought W lliam

ia 1 1 n 1 0 Will m . Rufus to Wales , and agai in 95 William met his death

’ by Tyrrell s arrow shortly afterwards , and was succeeded A l I . . rnu h by Henry , Beauclerc p de Montgomery and his

B elesm e brother Robert de conspired against Henry, and

Arnul h p strengthened Pembroke , and sent Gerald de Windsor to ask help of the Irish he j oined with his old enemies the

Grufudd son Tewdwr Welsh (among them , of Rhys at ) , HISTORY 5 and this Norman - Keltic- Kymric host grievously harried Arnulph d e Montgomery B l l . e esm e the Mid ands Henry besieged de at Shrewsbury ,

B elesm e Arnul h took it , and banished de and p , the latter

to . Gera d e Ireland Gerald de Windsor, of course , also lost the ld Windsor’ Castellanship of Pembroke (a knight named Saer taking his place , but not for long) he married Nesta , the beautiful

’ a Tewdwr daughter of Rhys p , who had been Henry s mistress ; and, for her sake , Henry forgave Gerald and reinstated him at Pembroke giving him also Carew as his ’ l wife s dowry, where Gera d built the castle , also the early

Castle of Manorbier .

About 1 1 0 7 a part of Flanders w as overwhelmed by 1 1 0 7 .

sea m r 1 1 1 the , and the survivors e ig ated to England, finding

(20 3523 3311 . al wh o ready many compatriots there , had come over with ’ William the Conqueror s queen , Matilda of Flanders ;

1 they begged Henry to assign them a place to dwell in . Henry .

He first established them on the Tweed, but after four years bethought him of making them useful as a check on - so the ever turbulent Welsh , and assigned them the strip of land lying along the coast of Pembrokeshire between

l f r . o dd Tenby , Pembroke , and Haverfordwest ( , Kymric

’ corruption of the old Norse Havard s Fiord ; Hereford is

l f rdd sometimes mentioned as o East . ) In those days the Flemish and English languages were not more unlike than are the dialects of Yorkshire and Somerset now .

1 1 0 8 Cadw an a B leth n 1 1 0 8 . At Christmas , g p y , Prince of

enr 1 . Powis , held an Eisteddfod at Cardigan , and the bards sang H y of the beauty of Nesta , the wife of Gerald de Windsor , so

’ Cadw an s son to much that Owain, g , determined carry her

off. Claiming kinship with her through her father, Rhys a Tewdwr l p , he was kind y received at Pembroke (some SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

sa y Carew) , but after taking his leave he returned secretly

l off by night with his fol owers , and carried Nesta and her

two boys , Gerald being persuaded by her to save his life

by allowing her to let him down by a rope from a window .

On hearing of this deed, King Henry intervened, and Owain

to fled to Ireland , leaving Nesta find her way back as best

. on to she might Later Owain returned , and was proceeding

to London ask pardon , when he met one of the new Flemish

bishops , whom he forthwith murdered ; and, forgiveness

now to di . being hopeless , retired Normandy and turned ban t

1 1 1 2 . 1 1 1 2 He once more returned in , to assist in the Welsh war on a promise of pardon from Henry ; but met his well deserved fate near Cardigan from an arrow shot either by

r f hi Gerald de Windsor o one o s followers . This is the last

w e of of hear Gerald, his widow married Stephen , Castellan

“ d e . un 8232 Cardigan King Henry sent Gilbert de Clare , the first of Stri uil to doubted Earl Pembroke , called also Earl g , quiet

1 1 1 Wales he built the castle of Haverfordwest , died in 5 ,

son . and was succeeded by his Gilbert , named Strongbow

’ Grufudd a a Tewdwr now p Rhys p , Nesta s brother ,

returned from Ireland, whither he had fled, and raised the

l e f gigg d ap standard o revolt once more but he seems to have spared ’

for . Pembrokeshire , probably his sister s sake Henry

to . sent more Flemings , which roused the Welsh frenzy f dd 1 1 . Gru u 1 1 di , 3 5 . He ed in 35 and was succeeded by Stephen defeated the English and Flemish with terrible slaughter

1 1 6 in a battle at Cardigan in October 3 , and overran all in Dyfed, excepting only South Pembrokeshire . He died

1 1 of . 37 , the best , bravest , and wisest all the Welsh princes

1 1 0 son a Grufudd set In 5 his , Cadell p , was on while

hunting near Saundersfoot by Flemings from Tenby, and HISTORY 7

his Mered dd grievously inj ured two brothers, y and Rhys, in revenge took Tenby, and put its defenders to death .

a to So the raci l war waged on from generation generation , the land perpetually torn and harassed by the struggle

- and the taking and re taking of castles and strongholds .

1 1 1 1 . Henry II . Plantagenet succeeded Stephen in 55 , and 5 5

enr 1 1 sent yet more Flemings into Little England . The Flemings H y .

- l - introduced weaving , also the long hand ed , heart shaped shovel , found besides only in Belgium and in Ireland . In

1 1 a Grufudd . ” 57 Rhys p and Henry II made peace , Rhys 5 7 ,

’ rufudd s i son being G only surviv ng but the peace lasted R hys ap Gm f udd '

out . but a very short time, and fighting broke again

1 1 6 In 9 Dermot , King of Leinster , came to Bristol to

’ to petition Henry s help to restore him his kingdom .

u Stri uil 69 . Richard de Clare , Earl of Pembroke and Lord of g ,

Strongbow surnamed Strongbow, made a pact with him , and they were f o . j oined by three the grandsons of Henry II by Nesta .

Gerald de Barri , grandson of Gerald and Nesta , better

n Giraldus Cam brensis k own as , the historian , born at

1 1 6 x Manorbier 4 , was then a lad of si teen he did not go

to with the expedition Ireland, but two of his brothers All went with it . these grandsons of Nesta founded the

or families of Fitzhenry , Fitzgerald, Geraldine , and Carew

h to . Carey, w ich are to be found in Ireland this day They First 5 “ f Fitzste hen of ° were led by Robert p , grandson Nesta and £5213 l d i , , ” 0 Stephen Castel an of Car igan and sa led in three ships 7 .

1 1 0 . N , enr 1 from angle in April 7 Henry II himself being with H y 1 . them . They met with success , and were afterwards reinforced by a large force of Welsh and Flemings under

’ who Earl Strongbow, married King Dermot s daughter,

a Eva . Henry II . grew j e lous , lest Earl Strongbow should 8 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

become King of Ireland, and therefore stopped sending

supplies to the army, upon which the tide of success turned .

Then King Dermot died . Henry summoned Earl Strong

bow to England, and the quarrel was patched up ; then Henry passed on to Pembroke (where the hawking and

1 8 1 1 2 hawks particularly pleased him) , and on October , 7 ,

to . again set sail from Nangle Ireland, with a large company

of di Earl Strongbow was made Governor Ireland, and ed

i m to 1 1 1 . J une , 77 The follow ng na es are common Pem brokeshire and Ireland '

l Stackpole Stacpoo e .

de Barri Barry .

Roch Roche .

Canton Canton .

Bosherston Bosher . n l Nangle Na g es of Meath .

Castlemartin , Pem . Castlemartin , Meath .

Beneger of B angeston Beneger . nn Sy et Sy nnetts of Wexford .

Gwyn Wynne .

iraldu r Girald us G s Cam b ensis was in due time appointed Canon cam b’ ensm '

of . l Hereford He was a reformer, and particu arly bitter against the marriage of the Welsh priests ; he held the

livings of Llanwnda, Tenby, and Nangle . 8 . 1 1 a Grufudd Henry II died 9 , and Rhys p then again

Mael w n attacked West Wales , his son g y took and burnt

Tenby . Pembroke , Wiston , Lamphey, Manorbier, and

of Carew alone held out , all the rest he overran . He died

1 1 Gwenllian the plague in 97, his daughter married Edwy

or V chan son fed c han y (Kymric , small) , and her , Grono HISTORY 9

Edw fed - a ap y , was the great , great , great gr ndfather of

of . Owen Tudor , grandfather Henry VII

’ who Girald us of . Peter de Leia, Bishop St David s , built a great Cam brensis. ir ldus dr 1 1 . G a part of the present cathe al , died in 99

to Cam brensis greatly wished succeed him , but his wish

1 2 20 . w as not realised . He died in

l a of Wi li m , Isabel , Countess Pembroke , only child of Earl Strong are a M ch l , 1 1 8 E arl of bow and Eva, daughter of King Dermot , married in 9 e r P mb oke .

William Marechal , Master of the Horse , who thus became

Earl of Pembroke . He probably built the whole of the

1 2 1 present castle , between that date and 9 ; the great

1 1 . 1 1 . 9 9 Donj on is certainly his . King John began to reign in 99

o n. He granted Pembroke a new charter , and Pembroke Castle J h

Mill to the Knights Templars . He came to Pembroke in

1 2 1 0 1 2 1 0 . , and summoned the men of South Pembrokeshire

of n V s t to P em & to meet him at Holy Cross , by the east gate the tow , i i broke . ’ l near a hospital called Marian s Chapel , pu led down early

1 80 0 to l in by the Adams family bui d their house , thence

’ was called Holyland . King s Bridge , close by, thus called

’ K n o n from King J ohn s visit . He sailed from Pembroke to i g J h k at Pembro e .

Waterford, returning later via Fishguard .

1 2 1 1 a I orwerth I Z I I . In he made war on Llewelyn p , Prince

who l all L ew e n a of North Wales , afterwards co lected and united l ly p

I orwerth .

the Welsh Chieftains both of the north and south , and i led them w th great success against King J ohn , but did

not take Pembroke or the Castlemartin strongholds . J ohn

1 2 1 6 of 1 2 1 6 . died in , and William Marechal , Earl Pembroke , was

n . chosen guardian to the you g King Henry III Llewelyn H enry III . a I orwerth p again overran the land , and from Haverford

' of 1 0 0 0 r west demanded the payment ma ks , or vassalage

to for himself ever the money was paid . SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

1 2 1 . 9 I 1 2 1 . William, Marechal . , died in 9 He left to the monks

a Willi m , of of ll l Pembroke the title Pembroke Mi , Causey Mi l , ar echa I . M l I ’ Tenby , and King s Mill at Castlemartin . He was succeeded

son . a I orw er h by his , William , Marechal II Llewelyn p t

again appeared, and harassed the land, burning Haver

fordw est to the castle gates , and destroying Narberth and

s . w as Wi ton castles While this going on , the great tower

’

of St . David s Cathedral , built by Bishop Peter de Leia ,

fell in . Earl Marechal II . collected a large force in Ireland,

enr U L H y . and the war raged to and fro . King Henry III . at last patched up an agreement between the Earl and Prince

a I orwerth Carm ar Llewelyn p , handing over Cardigan and

then to the latter , and for a while South Pembrokeshire had

1 2 1 . . 1 2 1 3 . peace William , Marechal II , died in 3 , and was buried i l I beside his father , W l iam , Marechal . , in the Temple Church ,

London . He was succeeded by his brother , Richard, who

R ichard Earl ill- , was in favour at Court , and was refused entrance to his are M chal . castle at Pembroke, but besieged and took it after a

nominal resistance . As he and King Henry were such bad

. of friends , the Welsh let him alone He burnt the town

’ St . David s during a quarrel with the bishop , and was

’ treacherously murdered in Ireland, at Henry s instigation ,

his in 1 234 he was succeeded by brother Gilbert . Prince

a I orw erth 1 2 0 d d 4 , 1 2 4 0 . Llewelyn p ie in he had married Joan

G er Ear daughter of King J ohn . Earl Gilbert greatly strengthened ilb t, l are a M ch l . Pembroke Castle ; he died from an accident at a tourney

1 2 1 w as at Hertford in 4 , and also buried in the Temple

Church . His brother Walter succeeded , who died at

1 2 45 . Goodrich Castle in 1 2 45 his brother Anselm only succeeded

D es e n an s of . l c d t him for eleven days he was the last the sons of Wi liam, of i l a W l i m , are a f . I . o M ch l Marchal , and Isabel , daughter Strongbow and Eva,

SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

two hundred years had waged such bitter and unrelenting

war against the foreign colony of Pembrokeshire .

That colony was of the utmost importance to England, as a check upon the wild and barbarous Welsh and it was

always accessible by sea from Bristol , as the Welsh never

r to . l E dwa d I . seem have made war on the sea It was gird ed by a

: chain of castles Dale , Benton , Haverfordwest , Picton ,

Wiston , Llawhaden , Narberth , St . Clears, Llanstephan , Laugharne ; so strong a line of defence that lower Pem

brokeshire to , with the exception of Tenby, seems have escaped during all the latter part of the long war ; but

—in 1 1 1 1 86 1 0 2 60 . Tenby was three times taken 5 , , and At the end of the war Manorbier and Carew were still in the

’ hands of Gerald de Windsor s successors , and Manorbier

was then rebuilt . Besides these castles and Pembroke ,

of the strongest all , there were fortified houses at Upton ,

Malefants Orielton , and Stackpole , defended by the , Wir

r s iott , and Vernons , also smaller places , such as Roch and

’ Angle Castle , the latter unique in the whole of Wales,

according to Barnwell .

In 1 2 83 Edward I . created Pembroke one of the Counties

Palatine , with Chester, Lancaster , Durham, and Hexham shire (the palatinate of Pembroke was abolished by Henry After the peace there was much rebuilding and l restoring of castles in lower Pembrokeshire , and Wil iam

of de Valence , Earl Pembroke , surrounded both Tenby and

’ Pembroke towns with strong walls in Edward I . s reign .

As the land grew more settled, the townsmen grew richer , and demanded protection in their houses—no longer content

of to fly to the castles on the approach danger , leaving 1 2 8 their goods a prey to the spoiler . It was in 9 that the HISTORY 1 3

‘ a of Chart er of Ch rter Philip de Angulo was granted, of lands in Philip d e ’ o ll l of n u . Angulo , and the windmi of his mother Isabe la, which A g l a copy is given elsewhere .

1 2 6 1 2 9 6 . William de Valence died in 9 , his Countess Joan in

Deat of 1 0 . . h 3 7 On his death his son , Aymer, became earl He was E ar d e l Wm . Va en ce . an absentee from Pembroke , and died on the day that he l

e 1 2 . married his third wife at Compi gne , in 3 4 He was 1 3 2 4 . buried beside his father in Westminster Abbey , and left E dw ard II . o ssess ons no children . Among his possessions at his death were P i of Aymer d e

Va en e . the church and rent of Rhoscrowther , the manor of Castle l c

ll of 6s 8d Gos C0 7 3 . . martin , the hi s Corston ( or , a marsh) , 4

’

83 . of Lim n 1 e zod . rents , of Angelo , rents , Luna ( y )

al Aymer de V ence granted to Tenby a weekly market ,

of every Wednesday, but made no provision for the safety those attending it . When Henry II . granted a market to Pembroke , he decreed that from sunrise on Saturday to

on all sunset Monday should be safe who came from the E dward II .

of Lantes Lanf dd ford y (Lamphey, original Welsh y , church

Lanfo Stentelbri e of the south , Norman , y ) , from gg (Stem

’ of P enteco te bridge) , from the great Ditch y (Coits Mill) , ’ and from the Passage (Pembroke Ferry) . Aymer s sister ,

al son 1 2 . Isabel de V ence , married J ohn de Hastings , and her 3 7

w s of . a war Laurence became Earl Pembroke He , in turn , Ed d III .

son Créc . succeeded by his John , who fought at y

1 . di 1 son 3 ° King Edward III ed in 377 , his , the Black 77

i Ri ar Prince , having died the year before , and R chard II . ch d II .

succeeded to the throne of England . J ohn de Hastings

1 1 0 died in 375 , his son J ohn in 39 , aged eighteen , and the Earldom and Palatinate of Pembroke fell to King

1 his Richard , who , in 397 , presented it to Queen , Isabel , the

dm for . 1 Earl of Worcester a inistering it her In 397 , also , 1 4 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

KingR ichard King Richard sailed from Haverfordwest with an army to sails to I re land from quell rebellion in Ireland, landing again after nine months Haverford w es . t in Milford Haven . During the peaceful commencement

r unfortified of the fifteenth centu y , country houses began

Probable to be built in Pembrokeshire . This is probably the date date of of l . Hall n e the bui ding of Hall , Angle , A gl .

Owain Glyndwr , who , through his mother, Elen , was

of a Grufudd i of the house Llewelyn p , last Kymric Pr nce

of al Treff arn 1 W es , was born at g in 349 , or thereabouts h n his father was Grufudd Vy c a (Small) . Owain was a

favourite with King Richard , and was his esquire before his

overthrow by Henry Bolingbroke the Lancastrian , who

1 became King Henry IV . in 40 0 . Owain Glyndwr raised

the Welsh in rebellion against him , and the same year was

by them proclaimed Prince of Wales . In that year also a Pembroke was in the hands of a Deputy , one Francis

Owain Gly n Court , called Lord of Pembroke and Haverford, who d wr ’ . for son administered it Henry s J ohn , Duke of Bedford,

- then a minor . Henry having ousted Queen Countess

Isabel and her representative , Francis , attacked Owain , and

Pl nlim m on surrounded him on y , but he burst out and

escaped . Henry himself then attacked him , and managed

to l ll a seduce one of his fol owers , Wi iam p Tudor ; but

Owain again prevailed, and strengthened his little kingdom .

n of 1 0 He was crow ed Prince Wales at Machynlleth in 4 3 , and afterwards marched on Carmarthen ; but Sir Francis 51 Court made terms with him and he left Little England in

peace . Sir Nicholas Carew at that time held Carew Castle ,

’ and was Sir Francis s ambassador to Owain .

Many battles followed between Henry and Owain . In 1 40 5 Owain invited a French force to his assistance ; HISTORY 1 5

they landed at Haverfordwest , which town they burnt , and then marched on Tenby, where they met Owain ;

Tenby appears to have capitulated . The English fleet then attacked the French flotilla in Milford Haven but FTench flo tilla in Mll r the French returned home the following year with a loss fo d H aven. of dl only sixty, so the battle could har y have been a sanguinary one . In 1 40 6 Sir Francis a Court made another league with

Owain , the money paid over being lodged with Stephen t n n es to . II enr iFV Perrot of J y and J ohn of Castlemartin Owain y .

' II enr VZ kept this compact , and troubled Pembrokeshire no more y

1 1 . he died an outcast in Herefordshire in 1 41 5 . 4 5

1 6 al 1 6 . of . In 43 Katherine de V ois , daughter Charles VI 43 f of o V . . France , widow Henry , and mother of Henry VI

(then a minor) , gave birth to a child . On investigation it was discovered that she had had four children since her s widowhood by Owen Tudor, a Wel h soldier about the

was Edw fed V chan Court ; he descended from y y , who

i Gwenllian of marr ed , daughter the Lord Rhys , Prince of

w en T or. . ud South Wales , who fought against Edward I Owen O

Tudor was imprisoned in Newgate, but contrived to escape

1 1 . 1 2 . 437 Queen Katherine died in 437 In 44 , when Henry VI

0 came of age, he forgave Owen Tudor, allotting him £4 per

’

. VI . s of annum Henry queen was Margaret Anj ou , and the heir presumptive , Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester and

of was Earl Pembroke , holding , as Count Palatine , the i castles of Pembroke , Tenby, K lgerran , and Llanstephan .

Queen Margaret was his bitter enemy, and had him arrested

1 . I and done to death in prison in February 447 447 .

1 l - . a dm In 454 Henry VI created his h f brother, E und 1 45 4

son enr VI Tudor (the eldest of Owen Tudor and Queen Katherine) , H y . 1 6 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

Earl of Richmond and J asper Tudor , the second son , Earl

of Pembroke . Pembroke Castle had hitherto been a sort

of defensible barrack , but Earl J asper made it his home , and

1 6 - ih - who in 45 his sister law , Margaret Beaufort , had t married his elder bro her Edmund , Earl of Richmond, paid

on 2 1 him a visit there , and J anuary gave birth to a son ,

afterwards Henry VII . 1 8 al In 45 Earl Jasper strengthened the w ls of Tenby,

six making them feet wide all round ; he knighted his father , i Owen Tudor , about this time , and fought stubbornly aga nst

Edward of York (Edward Mortimer, descendant of

Wars of the Richard The Wars of the Roses were now raging in

R oses .

England , Henry VII . representing the hope of the House of

Lancaster . Sir Owen Tudor was beheaded after the battle of

’ Mortimer s Cross in Herefordshire , where the Lancastrians were defeated in 1 461 and Edward of York w as crowned

’

E war I V . of . d d Edward IV . England in March of the same year J asper s

earldom was now forfeited, and little Henry Richmond handed over to the custody of Lord William Herbert at

1 68 . 68 4 . 1 Raglan Castle In May 4 , Lord William was created

of Earl Pembroke, the first Welshman to hold that honour but he was captured by the Lancastrians and beheaded the

1 6 . l 1 6 . . 4 9 fol owing year , 4 9 King Edward IV fled the land, and

the first to welcome Queen Margaret back was Jasper, now again Earl of Pembroke ; but after a defeat at Tewkesbury

(young Henry Richmond with him) , he fled to Pembroke,

and thence by ship from Tenby to Brittany .

’ of 1 61 a After the battle Mortimer s Cross in 4 , Thomas p

Grufudd of w , the leader the Welsh , retired ith his younger

son Rhys to Burgundy, where young Rhys was brought up a and educated when they returned later to W les , he was HISTORY 1 7

r f in consequence a soldier and a gentleman , ve y di ferent

m - fro his half savage brothers , who had never stirred from

a Grufudd home . Thomas p was murdered after his return

al a to W es , and Rhys p Thomas became the head of the house . Being a man of sound j udgment and broad views , he made friends with the English , and took Carew Castle on u who mortgage from Sir Edm nd Carew, was going ll abroad . Lord Wi iam Herbert had now become Earl of

Huntingdon instead of Pembroke , and Edward IV . had

to son so granted the latter his young , Prince Edward,

al a there was no one there on the spot to riv Rhys p Thomas,

of Lord of Carew . Rhys married Eva , the heiress Court

Henry . After the death of Edward V . (Earl of Pembroke) ,

bo a y of thirteen , who only reigned two months , Rhys swore

1 8 . fealty to Richard III . , the Hunchback , in 4 4 Later on

Margaret Beaufort , Countess of Richmond , approached

son Rhys cautiously in favour of her , young Henry, then h abroad in Brittany with his uncle , Jasper Tudor . R ys was very cautious , but at length gave way, being absolved

’

of . from his oath to Richard by the Bishop St David s , and Henry ap Edmund ap Owen ap Meredy dd ap Tudy r

of l Harfleur (or Henry Tudor , Earl Richmond) sai ed from

1 8 on with his uncle J asper in 4 5 , and landed at Dale

’ 1 August , after fourteen years exile . He was there met by

a Rhys p Thomas , Lord of Carew , riding on his charger , Grey

’ Fetterlocks . Rhys either lay on the shore for Henry to h step over, or crouc ed under the Mullock Bridge while the cavalcade passed over his head ; historians differ on this

to point . They marched Carew , and lay there that night

w Dav dd on at Ll yn y in Llandisilio Parish August 5 , enter tained by Davy dd ap I evan ; to him Henry afterwards SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

1 85 . Hirlas 4 sent the Horn , now in the possession of Earl Cawdor ,

enr R for or n H y ich either as a reward his entertainment , as a christeni g mo nd ands l ’ at IDakm son present to his daughter s , born nine months after

’

r . Hen y s visit , and reputed to have Tudor blood in his veins — n n Henry and Rhys , with their ever increasi g followi g , marched on through Shrewsbury and Stafford to Bosworth

and Field, beyond Atherstone , where they met , defeated,

1 8 . r w . as 4 5 slew Richard III , the Hunchback , and Hen y Tudor

'

II enr VI I . 8 m . 1 y proclai ed Henry VII of England, 4 5 Soon after this Rhys ap Thomas is said to have added the

i of great northern w ng Carew Castle, with large square mullioned windows in the Tudor style ; he also gave a

’ 1 0 great tournament there on St . George s Day, 5 7, in honour

of his admission to the Order of the Garter , he having (mounted on Grey Fetterlocks) slain Perkin Warbeck

1 at Beaulieu Abbey in Hants in 497 , and been thus

rewarded . Five or six hundred gentlemen were present at

one this tournament (the only recorded in Wales) , and a thousand souls all told the festivities lasted five days and

’ on n were a magnificent scale . At the banquets the Ki g s ll throne was set , as if he were present , and not ti the higher

nobles were served was it turned aside , as if the King had

left the table , after which those of less exalted rank might

sit down and enj oy the feast .

di f 1 wa . o 0 s Henry VII ed consumption in 5 9 , and

son . a succeeded by his second , Henry VIII Sir Rhys p

di d Carm ar 1 2 . 1 2 an 5 7 Thomas ed at Carew in 5 7 , was buried at ’ his D nevor a R then ; descendant , Lord y (Rice , p hys ) 1 86 repaired the tomb in 5 , finding there the skeletons of

Rhys and of his second wife J anet , widow of Thomas dl . was son son Stra ing Rhys succeeded by Rice , the of his

SOUTH FEMEROKESHI RE

son est n his natural , Sir J ohn Perrott of Haroldston and J y

ton , whose mother , Mary Berkeley, was married to Sir

of Thomas Perrott , a gentleman the Bedchamber . Young

Sir J ohn was brought up almost entirely at Court , and

of r in n became a man g eat power South Wales , ow ing

on much property , and many manors the south side of

P ennar Milford Haven , among them , East and West

’ P o ton , and Halle Place in Nangle (George Owen . p & )

on In later life he fell into disgrace with Elizabeth , greatly

of so account his unruly temper and turbulent nature ,

like that of his father, Henry VIII . , whom he is said to have

closely resembled in appearance . His end w as a sad one he died a prisoner in the Tower under sentence of death

E za e 1 li b th . in 592 but Elizabeth would probably have pardoned him

to if he had lived , as she constantly refused sign the warrant

for his execution , repeating that he was a good and loyal ’ — - 8 1 8 . subj ect . He was Governor Deputy for Ireland 5 3

of Richard Devereux , Earl Essex , and holder of Lamphey i n 1 6 . H s so Palace from the King , died in Ireland in 57 ,

Earl Robert , aged nine , succeeded, and his wife , Countess

Lettice , then married the Earl of Leicester , Queen Eliza

’ beth s favourite , and his daughter , Dorothy (or Penelope

afterwards married Sir Thomas Perrott , son of the famous

’ Sir J ohn . Earl Robert s uncle , George Devereux , now

lived at Lamphey, and Earl Robert appears to have lived

- two there with him until he was twenty , his real home being ‘ m Chartley , where Queen Elizabeth wished to i prison Mary

Queen of Scots , but gave up the proj ect on his remonstrance

he had by that time become her chief favourite . At the death of Sir John Perrott in the Tower in 1 592

w as w his vast property all seized by the Cro n , and at Carew HISTORY

Castle an inventory was made of all the furniture and belongings , which is interesting as showing what the

’ furniture of a gentleman s house was at that date . Feather

of r beds , which there seem to have been an extraordina y

7 0 3 . to 11 number, were valued at 3 apiece , and there were said 2112211311 ?

- fift of arew ast e . be y eight of them , besides an enormous quantity C C l

Not sheets , blankets , pillows and rugs . many carpets ,

of s and little value those there were , ru hes were chiefly used

2 I os . at that date ; only fifteen chairs , valued at £ , stools and forms a great number , and cushions for the window

one — seats ; only small looking glass , valued at towels for - the bedrooms , fourteen tables , and plentiful table linen

- a clock , a chess board with men , many instruments and

of not of books music , much plate , but all articles domestic use of pewter, a few only of copper a large collection of arms , including bows and arrows , swords , small cannon , and

’ - v - five sixty fi e horsem en s staves . There were ninety horses

of 2 3 . 6d . various kinds , averaging a value of 9 each , the

0 0 of highest priced one being valued at £9 4 head cattle , 1 and 50 0 Sheep . It is curious that the castle seems to have

no contained feminine belongings , except the one small

- looking glass .

his Sir Thomas Perrott died soon after father , Sir John , and Carew was bestowed by Elizabeth on her favourite , f o . Robert , Earl Essex He fell into disgrace later , and was

1 60 1 of 1 60 1 . beheaded on Tower Hill in , the Countess Nottingham

’ having kept back the ring he sent by her to the Queen to E sse x s death

f r o . plead mercy Later, on her deathbed , the Countess

to confessed this deed to the Queen , who is said have shaken the last spark of life out of her in her rage and misery ; h 6 s e 1 0 . Elizabeth never recovered from this grief, died in 3 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

With Robert , Earl of Essex , lived and fought and died

Gell swick son Sir Gilly Meyrick , Knight , of y , Milford Haven ,

r of of Dr . Rowland Mey ick , Bishop Bangor , and Katherine , daughter of Owen Barrett of Gelly swick they were lifelong

friends from boyhood, and shared the same tragic fate .

a es 1 88 Dwnn J m I . In 5 Lewis , Deputy Herald of Wales , made a

visitation , and a list of the county people , and again in

1 6 1 . 3 1 61 of . . 3 , in the tenth year James I of England and VI of

w as of Scotland . J ames descended from the House Tudor

- through his great grandmother , Margaret , a daughter of

1 61 Dwnn Henry VII . In 3 Lewis records that J ohn f son . o Devereux , of Patrick Devereux , gent , Ireland, married

of of l . Margaret , daughter John Harries , the Ha l , Angle

B . A. Owen Morgan , , was Rector of Angle at that date , and

of Henry Dawes , whose wife was Lettice Walters Roch

was i Castle, living at Castlemartin ; probably dur ng the f B n of a eston . lifetime of his father , Gri fith Dawes g Sir

J ohn Carew , Knight , was at Carew Castle , which became

’ Crown property in Elizabeth s reign , after the death of Sir

J ohn Perrott . Harry White (Whites of Tenby) was at l Henl an , Pwllcrochan ; and at Orielton Sir Hugh Owen ,

B odowen Knight , of , Anglesey , had married Elizabeth , heiress of the Wy riotts later on their daughter married

’

of . J ohn Laugharne St Bride s , and another daughter Harry f o . r Bowen Upton Castle Roger Lo t was at Stackpole .

J ames I . forgave the grandson (and namesake) of Robert of f Devereux , Earl Essex , and restored some o his property

t o in Pembrokeshire he seems have lived at Lamphey .

1 6 2 0 - . 1 62 0 1 He fought in Holland in , and with him John

Meyrick of Fleet , at Monkton , near Pembroke, and Rowland

1 6 2 ’ 5 . of . . . 1 62 Laugharne St Bride s J ames I died in 5 , and was HISTORY 23

ir ar es . succeeded by Charles I . S John Carew was then only Ch l I

of the tenant his ancestral acres at Carew Castle , but he pointed out to King Charles that no luck could come to any occupant of Carew other than a descendant of Gerald de

n S ir J ohn Wi dsor , quoting the executions of his grandson , of Rhys ’ Carew s t e a storation to of of of . p Thomas, Sir J ohn Perrott , and the Earl Essex

Castle Carew . King Charles was so impressed by his arguments that he restored to him the freehold of Carew . Sir John Carew

f 1 6 was High Sheri f in 23 . 6 . 1 2 Charles I in 4 quarrelled with the Earl of Essex , and deprived him of his office and commands . In the same year occurred the Irish Rebellion , and the terrible massacre

r of Protestants ; and Pembrokeshi e men , furious at the

e of tr atment their beloved Earl (Essex) , j oined the party of

1 6 Parliament against the King . In 42 Lord Essex was

- f chosen to be Captain General o the Parliamentary forces .

son of With him went Sir J ohn Meyrick , Francis Meyrick

1 6 2— of Fleet , Monkton , near Pembroke . In 4 3 John Poyer , Mayor of Pembroke; put the town in a state of defence for the Parliament he also presented a chalice apiece to the in and . churches of St . Mary St Michael the town , and equipped a small squadron of vessels for defence by sea at his own cost .

l Siege of The Roya ists, under Lord Carbery, attacked and e rok P mb e . and to occupied Tenby, then laid siege Pembroke , where ’ the gallant Poyer and Rowland Laugharne of St . Bride s di were very sorely pressed . Lord Carbery threatened re vengeance amongst other , that John Poyer should be rolled ll of down P ticks or Prix Pi (Pretty Pill) in a barrel nails , and that all the houses round should be plundered and

so n sacked . This terrified the ow ers that they fled in all 24 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

of kinds disguises , and sent their wives and children to beg mercy of Lord Carbery at Tenby amongst others the aged f wife of Gri fith White of Henllan , Pwllcrochan , mother of eight sons and eight daughters , and grandmother of four l . of children , all at Henl an In spite her eloquent appeal , the deputation was badly received . But help came at last , the Parliamentary Ships Leopard and S wallow arrived in

to the Haven , and the Pembroke garrison were able sally forth and attack in their turn . They took Stackpole and

’ its garrison of sixty, Roger Lort hiding (possibly in Lort s

Treflo ne l Hole) and also took y near Tenby, Pil Fort near

s Haverfordwe t , and Haverfordwest itself, where Sir Hugh

of off Owen Orielton lay a prisoner . He was hurried half

to . dressed in the night , with his wife , Carmarthen The

Parliamentarians took Roch Castle , and afterwards attacked and retook Tenby . Carew capitulated to Poyer, the

fighting Mayor of Pembroke, now Colonel Poyer . In 1 644 King Charles sent Colonel Gerard with an army to Pembrokeshire . He retook Haverfordwest , and besieged

i a . Sir R chard Philipps at Picton , which he eventu lly took

’ son tw o Sir Richard s and daughters were there , and one story is told that the son and heir was snatched through the window from his nurse by a Royalist soldier , thereby obliging the castle to surrender ; another version has it that Sir Richard himself, being a very small man , was dragged out while making terms with the besiegers .

1 6 not Erasmus Philipps was the heir in 44 , but could have

1 6 been an infant in arms , as he served as High Sheriff in 55 so the second version is probably the true one .

Colonel Gerard also took Roch and Carew , and laid waste th e land with fiendish cruelties . Then the tide of victory HISTORY 2 5

’ again turned : Picton was re- taken after three weeks

wh o dr off siege from the Royalists , were iven into Glamor Charles I .

anshire . g Then came a split in the Parliamentary party , C al romwell leading a faction against Lord Essex , c led

a too Independents, Lord Essex and his Presbyteri ns being much in favour of monarchy, nobility, and old institutions to please the more violent Independents . Lord Essex , for

’ peace s sake , resigned his command to Sir Thomas Fairfax

Sir J ohn Meyrick also resigned his post of Sergeant- Maj or General at the same time ; both these resignations were most strongly disapproved of in Pembrokeshire . Lord

1 6 6 Essex died in 4 , leaving no heir . Sir Walter Devereux ,

to fifth Viscount Hereford , succeeded his Lamphey property, which was soon afterwards purchased by the Owens of

8 1 . 1 2 to Orielton In it was again sold Charles Mathias ,

Esq . , who built the modern house . In 1 647 the Scotch Presbyterians sold King Charles to the English Parliament for and he w as imprisoned at Holmby House (now spelt Holdenby) in Northampton shire , afterwards made widely known through Whyte ’ th ill . e Melv e s famous novel of that name Later , King was

r f stolen by one Co net J ayne , and brought captive to Sa fron

Walden in Essex . The contending parties in England now seem to have changed round, and the Royalists and Pres b terians to y , both Scotch and Pembrokeshire , have j oined h in league together against Cromwell and is Independents .

1 6 8 - i In 4 Maj or General Rowland Laugharne , command ng

to Pembroke Castle , was ordered by Cromwell disband his

was . forces , which he refused to do , and imprisoned Colonel

J ohn Poyer , the fighting mayor, was threatened by Roger

of f h of Lort Stackpole and Gri fith W ite Henllan , and 26 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

entrenched himself strongly in Pembroke Castle ; mean

while , Colonel Fleming occupied Pembroke town for

First Civil Cromwell . A battle was fought , and, Rowland Laugharne ,

W ar. ’ who had escaped from prison , taking Colonel Fleming s

wi 20 0 men in rear th men from Tenby at the critical moment ,

Fleming was badly defeated , and Laugharne and Poyer now w fortified and victualled the to n , and prepared for a siege . Hearing that two companies of foot from Bristol had

landed at Pwllcrochan , Poyer sallied forth in pursuit .

They, however , fortified themselves in the church (built by Ralph Beneger of B angeston in the fourteenth century ;

he is buried in the south aisle) , whence he found it impossible

so o on i to dislodge them ; agreed to let them g , cond tion

that they sailed away and molested him no more . Poyer f then attacked Henllan , where were the owner , Gri fith

White , with Colonel Fleming , Roger Lort of Stackpole , and

on J ohn Lort of Prickest . These managed to escape by water it is said that in his flight White dropped a number

of gold pieces , some of which are said to have been found

among the ruins of Henllan . Poyer then held a great 1 20 0 1 0 0 . m First Civil review He had collected or 3 men by this ti e ,

War. and proceeded to j oin Powell at Carmarthen ; the Inde pendents (now called Parliamentarians) were now thoroughly

uneasy . Colonel Horton was sent with an army to Llandilo ,

‘ was where Poyer was encamped , and a battle fought ; l Fleming also attacking the Royalists in rear , but he fel

into an ambush , and fled to the church , which Poyer

stormed ; upon which Colonel Fleming shot himself rather

than be taken . Horton retired upon Neath , and Poyer

was rej oined by Rowland Laugharne . When they reached

St . Nicholas a great battle took place somewhere between

2 8 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

straining eyes for the ships which would never come , Colonel Poyer and Colonel Rowland Laugharne were at last n forced to surrender on July 1 1 . Had they ot been

deserted by the Royalist party, they would certainly have held out ; but the promised squadron of ships was never n sent , and famine and mutiny broke dow even their in

not domitable resistance , though their courage .

Fa l of P em l Cromwell determined to destroy Pembroke Castle , and r k b o e .

Roger Lort was put on a commission for this purpose . The roof of the vaulted Barbican Tower was spilt in twain with

of gunpowder , but not much more real demolition was done

here , or at Haverfordwest , Carew, or Narberth ; Tenby f seems to have su fered most , and Roch and Benton were

practically destroyed Picton never even lost its roof .

1 6 to On Sunday , July , Oliver Cromwell invited preach

to l his assembled troops the Rev . Peregrine Phi lips ,

who held three livings , Monkton from Sir Hugh Owen of

’ Orielton , St . Mary s Pembroke from Sir Roger Lort of

Stackpole , and Cosheston from Sir J ohn Meyrick . He

lived at Monkton (a gable - end of the old Vicarage still

w as to stands) , and forced during the siege hide his scanty

stock of flour in the bolster of his bed . Cromwell then

departed to fight and conquer the Scots at Preston Moor .

to Laugharne , Poyer , and Powell were sent the Tower , and the

following year sentenced to death . Poyer presented a petition

to Parliament , j ustly pleading his many services against

’ the common enemy but it was felt that public security

demanded a victim . The three therefore cast lots , two being inscribed Life given of God and the third being blank a

was dr child made to aw , and the blank fell to Colonel Poyer,

ho on w was duly shot in the Piazza, Covent Garden , HISTORY 2 9

6 2 1 1 . April , 49 He left a family behind him ; the male

of branch is extinct , but Bishop Richard Lewis , Llandaff, was f his descendant on the dista f side , his son and grandson both have Poyer among their names , a name to be indeed proud of .

1 6 In 49 Cromwell was again at Tenby, and sailed thence to Ireland with 3 0 0 0 horse and foot .

1 6 To go back to 45 , J ohn Barlow of Slebech was taken

ll P arliam en prisoner in Pi Fort , near Milford Haven , by the

i ns tar a . Later, John Barlow accompanied the Marquis of Worcester to the Court of the exiled Charles II . in Paris , n and with him went his young ki swoman , Lucy Walters , Lucy W alters

of Treff arn who daughter Richard Walters of g and Roch ,

al assumed, on arriv in Paris , the name of Barlow . She became the mistress (some say the wife) of Charles II . ; n She was then eighteen . Evely describes her as The brown ,

’

f . . o bold, beautiful creature After the death Charles I

1 6 f she in 49 on the sca fold, Lucy had a son , whom called

1 J ames Crofts , and afterwards a daughter . The pair then

1 6 6 parted . In 5 , the year her father , Richard Walters , was High Sheriff of Pembrokeshire , Lucy came to London , where She was arrested and put in the Tower . She was i soon afterwards released , and eventually went ent rely to

- ruin , the Queen Dowager taking charge of her two children .

The Walters family migrated from Roch to Dale Castle , which was afterwards bought by the family of Paynter ;

P ortclew the Morisons of , their present representatives ,

l al stil possess a portrait of Lucy W ters , taken when an attractive girl of seventeen , with a good complexion and

- ll coal black hair . Her aunt , Lettice , daughter of Wi iam

of B an eston . Walters Roch , married Henry Dawes of g

1 The - e k f n ill fat d Du e o Mo mo uth . SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

The Presbyterians of Pembrokeshire had steadily opposed l the King in the first Civi War , but had fully atoned for their disloyalty by the gallant struggle they made against

1 6 8 . 1 660 Cromwell in 4 So at the Restoration in , King

Charles II . was gracious to Little England . He restored J ohn Barlow to Slebech and created Roger Lort of Stack

in 1 662 al o pole Baronet , though he had fought so hard n

‘ the wrong side but Roger was said to favour no cause

’ or but his own , and to be of any principle religion to

’ acquire wealth . The siege of Pembroke by Cromwell and its gallant defence by J ohn Poyer seems to have been the last event

of great importance in the history of Little England, the . last time in which she took her part to any great degree in the history and events of Greater England . Probably i that siege and all that it brought w th it of plunder , devasta

so x tion , poverty, and misery, ravaged and e hausted the whole land that for many years it was unable to do more than slowly recover itself by degrees from all it had endured

f al and su fered so , happily, the days of fierce racial struggle

i an d and bloody civ l war had passed away , in the reigns ll 6 of . . 1 8 of J ames II , of Wi iam III and Mary in 9 , Anne from 1 70 2 to 1 7 1 4 (with whom ended the unhappy and

- 1 1 ill fated Stuart line) , of George I . in 7 4 , and of George II . , little can be found that is worth the chronicling in the history of this small corner of a great empire , which had played so important a part in the history of earlier times, and been connected in one way and another with nearly all the great movements . 1 In 774 an anonymous writer, who made a tour in

of as Wales , mentions the dress the Pembrokeshire women HISTORY 3 1

a heavy cloth gown even in summer , and instead of a cap ,

k r a large hand erchief, w apt over their heads , and tied

’ under their chins . This dress has now entirely disappeared

in of Lan um except the village g , on the Haven above

to Pembroke , a small colony said be of pure Norse origin , where the women do the fishing and walk long distances

n Dress of with the creel o their backs . Here the older ones still wear

32353 2. a very picturesque and distinctive dress , the head and S him throat draped in white linen , entirely covering the hair . On

is this is worn a soft flat felt hat , the gown generally dark l blue wool en , turned up over a short , scarlet petticoat , the

Shoes very broad and strong , with brass buckles , and a

nfo small fringed shawl pinned round the shoulders . U r tunately the younger women are fast forsaking this suitable

’ for - off i fin r and becoming style cast lad es e y , or its cheap

’ imitation from the local emporium . The aforementioned anonymous writer also notices the large beaver hats , worn in the Welsh - speaking parts of Wales by men and women

’ al brirns . ike , the broad flapping over their shoulders

He speaks of the absence of fences in Pembrokeshire , and of horses and cattle being tethered, their ropes often entangling across the public roads to the danger of travellers .

’

1 0 . In August 79 John Wesley preached at St David s ,

al . so at Haverfordwest , Pembroke, and Tenby — In February 1 792 three French men - oi war and a 1 79 2

’ all i 1 0 11 I n u . . lugger , fly ng English colo rs , were seen from St David s 521211 Gwasted They anchored off Carrig Point , near Fishguard ,

u d n 1 0 0 and then ran up French colo rs , afterwards lan i g 4 men and two women . This was a French invasion , under the command of General Tate , an Irishman in the French

. n army The invaders looted a great ma y farms of eatables , 3 2 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

all but did hardly any other damage . They feasted night f on i ll . o their plunder ; but meanwh le J ohn Campbe , Esq ,

Stackpole , and Lord Milford (Sir Richard Phillips of Picton ,

1 6 created Baron Milford of Ireland, 77 ) were collecting forces to oppose them , among others the Castlemartin r Yeomanry Cavalry (who to this day carry Fishgua d,

1 792 as one of their badges) . The whole force numbered

0 only 75 , but it is said that the presence of a number of women in their high hats and scarlet cloaks gave the French the impression of a very much larger army marching against

2 to them . However that may be , at noon on February 3 , ’ h everybody s astonishment , the Frenc ships sailed away again & (Two were afterwards captured ; the lugger and

of one other escaped to Brest . ) After a good deal tall talking on both sides , the French force laid down their arms and were marched into Haverfordwest . They were mostly clad in old English uniforms , dyed a rusty brown , and old cavalry helmets, and must have presented an odd and rather pathetic spectacle . Some think that this invasion was intended to land in Ireland, where the great

’ rebellion broke out the following year but among Tate s n papers were i structions from General Hoche , from which it appears that three forces were intended to land in England

for simultaneously, but those bound Northumberland and

York never put in an appearance . It was proved that there were Welshmen among the French , but if the latter cherished any hopes of the country rising and j oining di them , they were doomed to grievous sappointment , for Pembrokeshire worked itself into a perfect fever of loyalty & Five hundred of the prisoners were confined in a building at Golden Hill , near Pembroke , where they eked HISTORY 33 out the meagre prison fare by carving toys and other small

- fin ered . obj ects for sale , showing much neat g skill Some of these escaped by the help of two Pembroke girls . They l seized a smal yacht lying under Pembroke Castle , belonging to l O Lord Cawdor , and in her boarded a French p, which

to conveyed them back France, abandoning the yacht ,

which was wrecked . The two girls went with them , and married the two men for whom they had risked so much eventually one at least of these couples returned and settled in Wales . CHAPTER II

RE CORDS or PLACES AND or FAMILIES

I HAVE gathered together some records of places and of ul families in South Pembrokeshire, which co d not con

venientl in l y be included the genera History, but which ought certainly to be preserved it is a great pity that the dl records have not been better kept , they are sa y few and far between . These I now give , such of them as I could

i . gather from reliable sources , with the r dates

Owners .

In April 1 1 70 Henry II . sailed from The Nangle on his expedition against Ireland, with Strongbow, the squad ron consisting of three ships . Some accounts give the

of 1 8 1 1 2 . date this embarkation as October , 7 In Easter

’

1 1 . week 73 he landed again at St David s , and was received

son there by Bishop David Fitzgerald, the of Gerald de Windsor and Nesta he walked over the Llechlawer stone in ’ by the cathedral , despite of Merlin s prophecy that he

’ i is should die there . Merl n , the bard of Arthur s court ,

’ said to have been born at St . David s . The name Angle,

to is On ull according George Owen , from the Norse g , a

3 6 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE o ur and a er ain sland alled Se inilond S ee sland and all cc , c t I c p ( h p I ) my ren s of An le as well of a win m ill as of all m en wi sui of o r t g , d my , th t C u t and ser i es of the sa e wi o an re en ion ere ro to m e or v c m , th ut y t t th f m my T nd to l the a resai lan he re eirs . o a e a o o d wi t a o said ren s h h v h d f d , th f t , w i is a oresai wi the a r enan es to the sa illia and his h ch f d , th ppu t c , id W m heirs or assigns from the lord in chie f of the fee according to measure en and as it is assi ne to the sai illia an ien xe o n m t , g d d W m by c t fi d b u ds and li i s reel ie l in ea e eredi aril for e er in ea ows m t , f y, q u t y, p c , h t y, v m d , ars es wa s a s w a ers as res r aries o ons wre k in m h , y , p th , t , p tu , tu b , c mm , c , all ease en s sa e onl in forinsic orei n ser i e in all in s the lord m t , v y (f g ) v c th g in ie f th f du re r nd ch f o e ee as is e the f om a customary . B ut the a oresai ili and eirs and assi ns bind o rsel I , f d Ph p , my h g , u ves to w arran and a i and e end ore er a ains all m en the aforsaid t cq u t d f f v g t , lan and a r enan es o e er wi the a oresai ren s to the sai d ppu t c , t g th th f d t , d And a is i and an and illia and hi eirs and assi ns . r W m s h g th t th my g ft g t , on r a ion of resen ar er m a re ain ra i e and es a lis e c fi m t my p t Ch t , y m t fi d t b h d in the re a e s ren ened is resen deed wi the i ression futu , I h v t gth th p t th mp of my seal .

WITNESSES

o n de Nenborth Nar er S enes hal S eward of P e broke . J h , ( b th) c ( t m )

Robert de Shy rburn Sheriff (Angle) . ir i n arr S N cholas d e Karre (W en) .

Sir Gilbert de Rupe (Roch) . l Sir Richard de Stakepo e .

Knts. r ier Sir John d e B ary (Mano h ) .

Henry son of Henry (Fitzhenry) .

David de Rupe (Roch) . i l David Wy r ot (Orie ton) .

Da id Malesent Malefant U on . v ( , pt ) illi de re in W am C pp gs .

J ohn de Castro . and an o ers i en at An le on the eas of the ri a on of the m y th , g v g F t Pu fic ti

e ir in in the ear of Our Lor 1 2 8 . B less d V g y d, 9

Gilbert de Angulo j oined in the Pembrokeshire conquest

f . o Ireland under Henry II , and was granted lands in Meath (hence the Nangles of West Meath to this day) he lost 1 0 them by rebellion , was pardoned in 3 7 , and granted lands RECORDS OF PLACES AND OF FAMILIES 37

his of in Connaught , where descendants took the name

MacHostilo . , now Costello

1 1 In 1 3 1 4 to 1 375 we find Philip de Angulo and his son 3 4 .

w ar 1 1 John holding a fee nominally of the Earl (it appears to have Ed d . remained in their family notwithstanding the charter to William de Rupe in but the domain seems then to

Shirburns wh o for tw o have passed to the , held it centuries n their dwelli g , or castle , as also of the de Angulos , was that

l An ie of which a smal part still stands at the head of g creek , behind the church , and is still called Angle Castle . A i square tower , showing three storeys , w th windows and

fireplaces , is all that now remains , but at a short distance there stands an old Norman Columbarium , or Pigeon

of house , still in a wonderful state preservation . This was supposed to indicate the dwelling of a Baron in Norman

’ times , as none of less rank might keep pigeons . In Owen s

out now time , Angle Bay ran shoal , as it does , saving m of eere the towne , where is good landing at all tymes the

’ tyde ; we therefore conclude that the de Angulos and Shirburns were able to bring their ships right up to their very castle walls . f J ohn de Shirburn was Sheri f of Pembrokeshire . He

possibly came there with the great Earl William de Valance ,

of Shirburns was as the home the in Lancashire . Robert ,

’ son w as f 1 2 8 his , Sheri f in 9 , as we see in Philip de Angulo s

Charter ; the next was Walter , who was a Juror at Pembroke

1 2 1 1 his son in 3 7 and 33 ; after him came Nicholas , who

1 0 1 0 received in 34 from Lawrence Hastings , then Earl of 3 4 .

E war Pembroke , a general pardon for offences committed d d III . n ’ (probably duri g the Earl s long minority) . Nicholas died

’ 1 0 w in 35 (his wife s name as Margaret) . His son John was 3 8 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

1 a Juror at Pembroke in 357 , and did service to Sir William

1 62 e de Carew he died in 3 , leaving a daughter, Alic , ten years old .

1 John Cradock of Newton was also a Juror in 3 27 . Another J ohn held lands in Castlemartin in 1 347 ; he died

1 0 in 35 , the same year as Nicholas de Shirburn , and Roger

(Fenton says Robert) , his son , then aged seventeen , married

’ Nicholas s Margery de Shirburn , daughter , the day after her ’ 6 . of 1 2 father s death On the death her brother John in 3 , leaving only Alice , aged ten Margery may have inherited

Angle Fenton calls her a daughter and co- heiress

i or (w th J ohn) . Roger , Robert Cradock , is buried at Angle , which makes it appear probable . He was called Lord

his of Newton in Roos (Roose , in Llanstadwell parish) , descendant , Sir Richard Cradock , married a daughter

h e of est nton of Sir T omas Perrott , and the heir ss J y , and

1 changed his name to Newton he died in 444 , and is buried at Bristol ; he was Lord Chief Justice of England . The

Carad was family of Cradock , or og , descended from Prince

est n a a Dda who est nton so J y p Owain p Hywel , built J y , it returned appropriately to the Cradocks with Sir Thomas

’ P errott s daughter .

Robert de Vale , Lord of Dale , had property in Angle , for in an old deed he grants lands In Angulo to Stephen the son of Alexander de Angulo and de Shirburn may have succeeded to the property by marrying a daughter of

Stephen . In 1 447 Nicholas de Carew held lands in Angle of Edward

’ de Shirburn , by military service and suit of Edward s

’ Court at Nangle . This Edward founded the Chapel of

to St . Anthony there , believed be the small chapel behind RECORDS OF PLACES AND OF FAMILIES 39

ll ’ the church, sti in good preservation , known as the Sailors

Chapel .

1 In 595 George Owen writes in a MS . giving the course of the strata of coal and lime in Pembrokeshire The

l m estone cheefest tw o be inneth secondvayne of y , and of the , g

Milfordh aven at the south of , west of the Nangle , at a place

one called West Pill , where the side of the Pill you shall

l m estone perceive the y , and the other a red stone which kinde of redde stone accom panieth the veine of l m estone throweout y almost , as it were a cognisance of the l m estone firie y being hott and , and therefore the redde stone is in coller and substance like a stone burned with fire .

estward This vayne passeth to Bater Church ,

Lanion Lanfe William stone soe , y , and to by Carewe and estwar d . to St Florens , and to the norther side of the towne of Tenby, where between it and the Windmills it also goeth n to the sea , and there it taketh water , and passi g under the sea Sheweth itselfe right east of Tenby in the cliffes of Llanridean in Gower about twenty

’ miles from Tenby, all under salt water .

1 60 of George Owen , writing in 3 the islands round the

: Shee e neere coast of Pembrokeshire , says p Ilaud , being the East side of My lford at the entrance without the Blocke

tum e House , which is but a small p , because as I guesse , Sheepe have onely accesse thereunto ; for at lowe water

is r of it d ye , and therefore scarce deserveth the name an

Iland nothin e t notin e . , and hath g in y worth the g

havon on Further within the mouth of the , the same

Iland a of Side , is the called R tt Ilaud, but the inhabitants more com onlie called Thorne Iland this is a prettie Ilaud

verie ll of dee e but little , fu p Grasse , a muskett shotte from 40 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE the mayne this and the last before y s the land of Water

’ E re Rees sq .

’ Shi e Owen mentions Sheep Island elsewhere as pp , l and that it is only accessible on foot after ha f ebb , and

on speaks of the remains of a tower, built the narrow neck n of land approachi g the island, which served the country folk and their cattle as a refuge from the raids of the Welsh .

now d was This tower has isappeared, but Fenton says it

’ i was standing in El zabeth s time, and that it the Norman hi ll settlers who used it but the earthworks , w ch are sti

i n : v sible , poi t to Danish origin probably the tower was added to these . There are also earthworks traceable above

- to of West Pickard Bay, three quarters of a mile the east

Sheep Island .

of to : Speaking notices quit , George Owen says And then was the old tenant at My dsom er to remove out of the ll ” ’ ha house . Henry Owen in a note says The farmer s

so al house , as distinguished from the cottages , used so in

Galloway, the chief house in the manor, was in many parts

’ f al o England c led the Hall House . In his list of Pembroke ’ shire Manors, George Owen gives in Castle Martyn Hundred,

Nangle ,

Hall place in Nangle , thus showing that there were two separate manors . In

his notes Henry Owen says In Lansdowne MS . Sir John

of Perrott is said to have held the moiety a manor , there ” styled that of Nangle alias Halecorte (does this mean

of the manor Hall only, not of Nangle and also lands d k ’ of Stud oc t . , in tha parish Sir J ohn Perrott also held

P ennar Wallaston Lanbeath land at , , , East and West

P o ton h Shutlake Moreston p , Red ill , , , the mill at Pem RECORDS OF PLACES AND OF FAMILIES 41

al broke Ferry , Benton , so Linney and Frains Lake . In

’ another list of the Manors in Elizabeth s reign George Owen gives

Castell Martyn Sr . Edward Herbert of Powis ,

1 (d . 594)

u Nangle Water Rees , c ria ibidem .

al P ero t H le Place in Nangle t .

Stac oole p Stanley .

Estin ton P ero t g t .

Henllan Whyte .

It is curious that in so small a place there Should be tw o manors , but such was evidently the case , and to this

’ day the Squire s residence is always alluded to by the

’ l n h ll ot t e . vi agers as Hal , Hall

1 of In Anno 9 Henry VIII . the Collectors of the Tallage were diverse gentlemen and gentlewomen of the best

’ who V n es or accompt , owned lands in these y y Lord Ships those for Nangle were

Thomas Perrott , armiger .

Elizabeth Tankard , vidua .

Lewis Dwnn in his Visitation mentions that in 1 61 3

son t John Devereux, of Patrick Devereux, gen , of Ireland ,

r of l married Margaret , daughter of John Ha ries , Hal ,

B . a . A. Nangle , and that Owen Morg n , , was then its Rector

son Patrick and Margaret Devereux had a , John , and a

who B an w m daughter , Elizabeth , married William g

’ il Dwnn (Beneger of Gaste Martyn . Lewis also speaks

of of William Kiner (rather Keener) , eldest brother John

’ Harffort i Kiner , alderman of , marrying Jowan Kemb

’ ff son off o Angel . Their William Kiner of the Hawl 42 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

’ ‘ Rowd Angel married Als , do . to Richard (probably

’ Rowe) off Kell Martyn . Fenton in his Tour in 1 81 1 also speaks of Hall as belong

’ ing till of late years to a family called Kinnar. (The field behind the house still bears the name of Kenner ’ s

- Among the twenty four Common Councilmen , from whom the first Mayor of Haverfordwest (John

‘ ’

K nner. Howell) was elected , occurs the name of John y

co Fenton mentions a tradition that three sisters , il heiresses , bu t each a house in Nangle ; one the Castle , one Hall , and one a building now called the Nunnery, probably also used at some time as such but he gives no

no i date , and there is ev dence that I can find in any other record to confirm the statement . In a field on the west side of Pill Bay can still be traced S l the ite of a church , the field is cal ed Church Meadow , and coflins and bones were said formerly to have appeared f where the cli f crumbled away to the sea. The Danes may have harassed this church , and caused the building of one the present in its more secluded situation .

’ — Exche ues . In the Minister Accounts q T . Q 2 0 4 1 1 . f . o &c . Eliz Schedule Grants , Fines , Cartas , , relating to lands in the county of Pembroke, we find the following

Littora ballani Aliciae Lacy de Angulo facta ad poven dum Henricum Geffrey et I sabellum uxorem ej es de uno i burgag o . B . in

w B an eston was The Angle property , ith g , bought by

ir h M e ouse . on 2 2 John , Esq , from Lord Cawdor March , 8 l 1 0 . 2 5 , and sti l remains in his family He died March 9, 1 8 2 A . 3 , and is buried in ngle Church

44 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

estina Henllan through J Eynon , daughter and heiress of

of wh o John Eynon Henllan , married J ohn White . One

ffi of f Gri th White Henllan , three times Sheri f, was buried

in 1 Rhoscrowt her Church in 589 . f Henry, or Harry Dawes , father of Gri fith Dawes of

B an eston i Dwnn g , appears, according to Lew s , to have in lived at Castlemartin . This fits with the theory that

’ B angeston came into the family by Griffith s marriage ; but it is also possible that Henry lived at Castlemar tin

’ w as B an eston . during his father s lifetime , if his father at g

1 686 . 1 6 1 686 fi B an eston or On June , , Grif th Dawes of g , , as

J ames I . B anaston P arish e I it is put , of in the of Nangle ,

Thomas Lort , of Eastmoor , Manorbier , and Francis Dawes

of Pembroke , gent . , with Devereux Hammond, J ames

’ Tenbie s re re Lloyd and Francis Smith of , gent , as p

sentatives li of of A ce Bowen Gloucester, spinster, bought

for th . 2 0 e from Thomas Williams of St Florence , £ 9

of . i land Carswell (at St Florence) , then occupied by R chard

‘ ’

of Tenbie . Rowe , for the relief of the poor and aged

to The farm , to this day, belongs half the Trustees of

the Tenby Charities , and half to the Rector and Church

’ wardens of St . Mary s , Tenby .

f of B an eston Gri fith Dawes g , as before stated, had an

who son of only daughter , Ann , married Griffith , Henry f i Wh ite of Henllan . Gri fith died before his father , leav ng

B an eston an only child , Elizabeth , who thus inherited g

f B an eston d from her grandfather . Gri fith Dawes of g ied

1 6 1 6 2 J anuary , 9 , aged seventy , his monument , with ’ ia Will m III . a small marble coat of arms bearing the three Daws , an ar d M y . was one of three monuments which were rescued from destruction when the south transept of Angie Church RECORDS OF PLACES AND or FAMI LIES 45

was n . became ruinous , and pulled dow They were replaced a few years ago , pieced together as far as broken fragments

of two would allow , in the north transept . One the other

to . is a plain grey marble tablet Mrs Elizabeth Pritchard, i f ’ of . sister Mrs Al ce Dawes (probably Gri fith s wife) , who

1 1 2 - died J anuary 7 , 7 5 , aged eighty six the other , a hand

b a some marble monument surmounted y coat of arms ,

d - al to Briga ier Gener Thomas Ferrers , the third husband l h — f of E izabeth W ite , grand daughter of Gri fith Dawes

f B an eston 6 1 o 2 2 2 . g , who died October , 7 Elizabeth

a . White m rried four times First , Thomas Lort, son of

a Sampson Lort of E stmoor, Manorbier (Sampson Lort ,

P rickeston John Lort of , and Sir Roger Lort of Stackpole

of f were brothers ; sons Henry Lort of Stackpole , Sheri f in Grandfather Dawes is said to have disapproved

to of the match , and have hurried across the fields from B angeston to Angle Church to stop the wedding ; but Thomas (a sailor) and the wily Elizabeth had got a chap lain with a special licence at the boat- house at the foot

B an eston ll so l of g Hi , and outwitted the irate o d gentle i ’ n . man , crossing the Haven afterwards a boat Elizabeth s

an ul second husb d was Richard, Viscount B keley ; then

- al sh e came Brigadier Gener Thomas Ferrers, to whom

alr erected the marble monument eady mentioned, on which she describes him as her tru ely mourned and dearly ’ h an . s e who beloved husb d Lastly, married John Hook , 1 was Sheriff in 755 , and who survived her . She left no children by any of her husbands , and John Hook therefore

B an eston bequeathed g to his godson and namesake, J ohn

Hook Campbell , Lyon King at Arms he was a grandson

s of Sir Alexander , who married Mi s Lort of Stackpole , 46 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

of brother of Sir Pryse Campbell , and uncle John , first

in 1 Baron Cawdor he died 795 . His son Matthew married

of Eustacia, daughter of Francis Basset, Heanton Court ,

who r Devon, and had a son , also Matthew ( ma ried Anne,

l of daughter of Wil iam Adams Holyland, and died without

co - of issue) , and three daughters , heiresses whom Eustacia

married her cousin Sir George Campbell , brother of

di 1 8 1 2 i . J ohn , First Baron Cawdor ; he ed in , leav ng no issue Matthew Campbell appears to have got into money difficulties which obliged him to sell B angest on ; the valuable

off lead roof was stripped , and everything removed that

be could turned into money, and the bare walls soon assumed

the look of ruin and decay . This must have happened

1 8 after 7 9 , as Richard Gough , in an Addendum to Camden (who wrote his Britannia in mentions B angeston

1 8 1 1 . 1 8 1 1 as then occupied , and Fenton in laments its ruined

or e ( }e g . i III state and recalls its remembered hospital ty, therefore the dismantling must have occurred some time between these

‘ ’ its two dates . Fenton also mentions Norman founder ;

if this is correct , he must have founded an older house than

w e now unfortified the ruin see, whose long , facade, large

al n oblong windows , and gener sumptuous style poi t to much

later and less troubled times , when the fear of the enemy

’ w as l not constantly before men s eyes . The wa led enclosure

now i immediately in front of the house , overgrown w th

of f dil l trees , and a carpet da fo s in Spring , is stil called the

is Bowling Green . There a large kitchen garden with

magnificently high walls , an artificial pond in the wood

of old - l als adj oining , and traces an water mi l o an avenue

of to ll beeches, leading away the westward, still reca s the

of old glories the house . RECORDS OF PLACES AND OF FAMILIES 47

’ ll r Matthew Campbe was a g eat friend of Fenton s , and entertained him at his house in Pembroke on his Tour in

1 8 1 1 .

B an eston i g , w th Hall , Angle, and the bulk of the Angle

1 80 Mirehouse . property, was bought in 5 by John , Esq ,

al as ready stated, from Lord Cawdor, and remains in his

B an eston n al family to the present day . g being a rui , H l

- urh ase became the dwelling house, but at the time of p the

’ as Cawd or s B rownslad e family resided ( Lord tenants) at , and did not take up their residence at Hall until 1 864 .

E S TY NTON H C W H R J , IN R OS RO T E

J esty n ap Owain . Perrott . Philipps .

ir h M e ouse . Meares .

Owners .

est n a a Dd a J y p Owain p Hywel (King of South Wales , who di 8 i est nton all his ed in 94 ) l ved at J y , which he c ed by

est n own name, and probably built he is called Prince J y ,

’ and was King Hywel Dd a s favourite grandson . King

Dd a al or Hywel acquired South W es, Dyfed, through his

Ll warch a w aidd of wife Elen , daughter of y p , King

Ll r h i . f . w a dd di 8 2 wa c 0 Dy ed ed in 9 , y in 9 5 When the Normans first overran Pembrokeshire under

Arnul h 1 0 0 p de Montgomery, in 9 , Narberth fell to the h Knt . w o share of Sir Stephen Perrott , , built a castle there , but not the one whose ruins we now see it was razed to the ground by Grufudd ap Rhys in 1 1 83 . About this time

his Sir Stephen, by marriage with Eleanor , daughter and s ole heiress of Merchion ap Rhys ap Rhydderch ap J esty n 48 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

est nton J , of y acquired a great increase to his property, and

’ to est nton appears to have gone reside at J y . His wife s name is given in some chronicles as Elen , in some as Eleanor ;

probably in those days it was the same name . His son , Sir dr An ew, built the castle of Narberth , whose ruins still remain his daughter Catherine married Caradog or Cradock

of Newton the family later took the name of Newton . The P errotts continued to reside at J esty nton for

l Harolds n several centuries , unti their union with to e by

’ P errott s Peter marriage with Alice , heiress of Sir Richard

Haroldstone Harold they then resided at , near Haverford

for of west , three centuries , until the time the famous Sir

John Perrott , son of Henry VIII . , who became a man of

r g eat power in South Wales , owning much property .

’ George Owen Speaks of him as of Halle place in Nangle ,

Haroldstone est nton and he held and J y by inheritance , and Carew Castle in trust for the King .

Haroldstone Previously to this , Sir Thomas Perrott of first introduced pheasants into Pembrokeshire ; they increased to a certain extent , but afterwards chose other

’ r l landlords in other places, as the old ch onicle quaint y puts it . Sir Thomas took a leading part in the great Tourna

a ment given at Carew Castle by Sir Thomas p Rhys on St .

’ 1 0 n George s Day, 5 7 , and is know to have been present

al at the landing of Henry VII . at D e, and probably also at the Battle of Bosworth Field . Later he was Gentleman

of . the Bedchamber to Henry VIII His wife was Mary , daughter of J ames Berkeley (after his death She married

as Aberm arlais Sir Thom Jones of ) , and Sir John Perrott was her son by Henry VIII . reputed to be very like his father , both in appearance and temperament . Sir J ohn RECORDS OF PLACES AND OF FAMILIES 49

Har oldstone b ut al was born at , was brought up most entirely at the Court , being a great favourite with Henry .

for 1 8 1 88 He was Deputy Ireland from 5 3 to 5 , and lived

: . . under three sovereigns Henry VIII , Edward VI , and

C for Elizabeth . He held the astle of Carew in trust the

w as h Crown , and a great man bot at Court and in South

’ r e z was Wales ; but he fell into disg ac in Eli abeth s time ,

confisCate d di attainted, and all his property ; he ed a

1 prisoner in the Tower in 592 . It is probable that had he

ul as lived he wo d have been pardoned, Elizabeth had

to r for many times refused Sign the war ant his execution ,

a i so s y ng always, when urged to do , that he was a good

’ and loyal subj ect . He added the great north wing to Carew Castle (some attribute this to Sir Rh ys ap Thomas in and in the inventory of his goods at his attainder is mentioned a quantity of glass t o glaze ye windowes

buildin e in ye newe g (this was locked up in a chamber , a

al al or firr glazier at Tewkesbury having the key) , so de e

estim acion d nin e of bordes , by provided for ye y g Chamber ’ buildin e at l t m ber the newe g Carewe, a so y red framed i ’ for some part cions there . There Was amost exhaustive list made of all his possessions at Carew at the time of his

’ attainder, which is given in Mr . Edward Laws History of hi Little England beyond Wales at length , and w ch is most n i teresting , showing what the furniture and appointments of a great house were in those days ; how little change

h as in there been since some things , how much in others .

’ Sir John Perrott s Sister J ane married William Philipps

of of Picton , who was grandson Sir Thomas Philipps of the Kilsant family ; this family and the P errotts inter al married sever times . SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

In the public records is a document consisting of two

1 1 leaves of paper, dated Haverfordwest , September 7 , 59 (33 setting forth a part of the possessions of Sir John

Knt . ir h S Knt . w o Perrott , , purchased of Thomas J ones , (

married his mother) . Among these are named half the

of l Manor Nangle (Hal Manor in Nangle) , half the Manor of

Cockse Castlemartin , that of Pwllcrochan , Rhoscrowther, y ,

’ a parcel of land late the property of Nicholas Dawes ,

L nne ll y y in Castlemartin , and Wi iamston, both purchased

al so from Nicholas Dawes .

’ P errott s son Sir J ohn , Sir Thomas , married Lady

of - Dorothy , Sister Robert Devereux, the ill fated Earl of

’ Essex . Queen Elizabeth restored Sir J ohn s forfeited pro

to ar perty to Sir Thomas , and was about make him a B onet

6 1 on 2 1 0 . when he died, June 9 , He left an only daughter ,

E za e li b th . son r Penelope (a , Roland, died young) , who married fi st li Wil am Lewis , and second Sir Robert Naunton , Secretary

6 his to . 1 of State James I he died in 35 , only son , J ames ,

1 62 ar fir an infant , in 4 ; his only daughter m ried st Vis

u B a nin hi co nt y g , second P lip Herbert , afterwards fifth

Earl of Pembroke . With Penelope Perrott terminated

P errotts of . the direct line of the Pembrokeshire Grove, a

ruin between Stackpole and Pembroke , formerly belonged

to . Lloyd of Morril , in North Pembrokeshire Thomas

of Lloyd Morril married Frances, daughter of Hugh Philipps

’

est nton . of J y , brother of Sir Richard Philipps Hugh s

father was Sir John Philipps , eleventh Baronet , who was

f 1 Sheri f in 595 ; his mother was Anne, daughter of Sir

who est nton . J ohn Perrott , brought J y as her dowry Later ,

est nton li we find the family of Meares at J y , when Wil am ffi Meares married Grace, the sister of Gri th Dawes of

52 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

by King David of Scotland in the Battle of the Standards

’ 1 1 8 son in 3 . William s , Sir Richard, married a daughter

of son Henry Vernon of Haddon , and his was Sir Elidor,

to 1 1 6 who went the Crusades with King Richard I . in 9 ,

enr . f H y II and whose tomb and e figy are in Cheriton Church . He

of Sess lt a ll a married Elsbeth , daughter y p Llewe yn p Mereddi g, and their daughter, Elsbeth , became heiress of

Stackpole . Elsbeth married Sir Rhys , an old Knight of

Grufudd a Grufud War then followed , then Rhys p d

’ (Welsh names introduced by the old Knight of War

h Sioned ll then a daug ter , (or Joanet) , who married Wi iam

Harliston ff Son of i Vernon of in Sta ordshire , Sir R chard 68 n . 1 so o Vernon She died in 3 , and her , Sir Richard Vern n , di . of succeeded He married Bene cta, sister and heiress

ul Pem bur e Pem bur e Sir F k g of g Castle, and of Tong , in

f 1 0 0 Sta fordshire . He was living at Stackpole in 4 , but

there is no trace of Vernons resident there later .

Then followed Sir William Vernon , Constable of England

1 6 l for life , he died 4 7 then another Sir Wil iam , who married

of Margaret , daughter Lord Ferrers , and was Lord of

in . Haddon (Haddon Hall Derbyshire) Then Sir Henry,

Governor and Treasurer to Prince Arthur, son of Henry

1 8 . VII . he fought at Bosworth Field in 4 5 After him

1 1 8 came Sir Richard, who died 5 ; then Sir George , called

’

e . the King of the Peak , from his xtravagant hospitality

1 6 two co- of He died 5 5 , and left daughters , heiresses ;

whom Dorothy eloped with Sir J ohn Manners , son of the

of and Duke Rutland, and took Haddon as her portion ,

son Margaret married Sir Thomas Stanley , of the Earl of

. Derby , and took Stackpole and Tong She appointed as

her steward at Stackpole George Lort , son of J ohn Lort of RECORDS OF PLACES AND OF FAMILIES 53

w as 1 0 . Knowlden , Staffordshire , who born about 53 He ,

’ in Lady Stanley s lifetime, Changed from steward to owner, probably by purchase .

’ 1 ar George Lort s son Roger, born about 555 , m ried

’ Abertha his was , daughter of father s second wife , who the

f B wrrw o . f 1 60 widow Hugh Roger was Sheri f in 7 , and 1 n died 61 3 . There is a quai t verse on his tomb in the Memorial Chapel at Cheriton Church

Worne out wi lin erin si kness ere l e th g g c h I y , M o ra er w en e soul did fl e y b dy th , h c my y , ’ As out of rison to Hea en s io es p v y , l i Make ese s re re er al n s els are o es . th u , d , th g t y

1 61 f 1 6 1 . Henry Lort succeeded in 3 , and was Sheri f in 9

: who succeeded to He had three sons Roger , , Stackpole ,

Prickeston Henry , of (now a farm on the Stackpole estate) ,

a of . and S mpson , Eastmoor , Manorbier Henry died in

1 6 6 s 4 , and Roger ucceeded, who took a very leading part

’ in the Parliamentary wars on Cromwell s side ; he was a

i most bitter opponent of ' Rowland Laugharne and J ohn

Poyer , the gallant defenders of Pembroke Castle in the

one great Siege . They on occasion caught Roger, with nl l White and others , at He lan , near Pwl crochan , and besieged them there but they contrived to escape . Roger was f 1 6 2 was Sheri f in 5 , and created Baronet by Charles II .

1 662 di 1 66 in ; he ed in 4 , and his son John succeeded,

l of whose wife was Lady Susanna Ho les , daughter the Earl

son 1 6 8 of Clare . Their only , Gilbert, died in 9 , and his sister Elizabeth became heiress of Stackpole ; She was

of then a widow, having married Sir Alexander Campbell

1 688 who Calder, or Cawdor , in Nairnshire , in , had died 6 in 1 97 . SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

The eldest son of Sir Alexander Campbell and Elizabeth

Lort , Gilbert , died young the second, John , succeeded his

mother at Stackpole , and his grandfather at Cawdor in

1 1 6 co- of 7 . He married Mary, daughter and heiress Lewis Pryse of Gogerddan he was Lord of the Admiralty and

afterwards of the Treasury . He added to and improved the

His mansion at Stackpole , and made the library . eldest

son i , Pryse, predeceased him , hav ng married Sarah , daughter of Sir Edmund Bacon their son J ohn succeeded

his grandfather in 1 777 . He married Lady Catherine

of Howard, daughter of the Earl Carlisle, and was made

6 i 1 82 1 of 1 . Baron Cawdor Castlemartin in 79 He d ed in ,

1 82 his son , John Frederick , was made Earl in 7, and

married Lady Elizabeth Thynne , daughter of the Marquess

1 860 of Bath ; he died in . J ohn Frederick Vaughan , his

son of . , married Sarah Mary, daughter General the Hon Henry Compton Cavendish (she was Maid of Honour

di 1 8 8 to Queen Victoria) he ed in 9 , and was succeeded

his son . by , the third and present Earl

ORIELTON

Wirri . ott . Owen

Stephen Wirriott of Orielton is mentioned in 1 1 24 in some of the chronicles of battles of which the history of those tim es almost entirely consisted ; and in 1 2 95 the Wirriotts of Orielton are spoken of as having a strong

as house there ; all houses were fortified at that time ,

1 80 irriot it was probably extra strong . In 5 one Thomas W t RECORDS OF PLACES AND OF FAMILIES 55 was the bitter enemy of Sir J ohn Perrott of Carew ; in

’ fact , Sir J ohn s fall was greatly due to his untiring enmity . Wirriott was imprisoned in the Marshal sea dur ing the

1 0 0 0 i quarrel , and when he lost £ in a lawsuit w th Sir

of J ohn , he was thrown into Haverfordwest Gaol in default payment .

’ Dwnn s In Lewis Visitation mention is made, among

hi 1 88 1 61 gentlemen residing in Pembrokes re between 5 and 3 ,

Kn de n f J ames . t . B o o I of Sir Hugh Owen , of , near Aber fraw, Ang

of Wirriotts lesey, who had married Elizabeth , heiress the

f 1 6 0 MP . or of Orielton he was Pembroke Boroughs in 4 , and in 1 644 his son Arthur was one of a Committee nominated by Parliament for the defence and safety of

Pembrokeshire and the adj oining counties . One of the natural daughters of Sir Rh ys ap Thomas di (who ed at Carew Castle Margaret , married Henry

Wirriott f 1 8 son of Orielton , Sheri f in 54 ; their , George , had

son who i a died young, and an only daughter, the El zabeth

who arri of B odeon . aforementioned, m ed Sir Hugh Owen

was There again a link with Anglesey in later times ,

ar 1 66 when Sir Hugh Owen , second Baronet , m ried in 4 ,

of B odeon . Anne , daughter and heiress of Henry Owen ul The first connection is recorded in Bo ston Church , on a

who i . u monument to Lew s Wogan , Esq , of Bo lston , died

1 6 h — - in 92 . Among is four great grand fathers and mothers

of R William III . is mentioned Sir Hugh Owen odeon , Anglesey , and and Mary . Wirriott of Elizabeth Orielton , Pembrokeshire , whose

’ daughter must therefore have been Lewis s mother , probably e of one Frances Owen of Ori lton , whose death , with that her husband, Morris Wogan , Esq . , is recorded on another

m monu ent in the same church . SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

In 1 71 3 Sir Arthur Owen was Whig Member for the

1 80 Pembroke Boroughs . In 3 , when Sir Hugh Owen , sixth

of 0 0 0 Baronet , came age , 5 persons are said to have attended

Geor e . I I . g I the festivities He died six years after , leaving Orielton

B odeon his i u and away from cous n Arth r , the succeeding

Baronet , to another cousin , J ohn Lord . Lord took the

of 1 81 . name Owen , and was created Baronet in 3 He

i 1 861 son d ed in , and was succeeded by his eldest , Sir

u Es . Hugh Owen , who sold Orielton to M . A . Sa rin, q , of

Kilwende g , near Boncath ; he had married Margaretta

to . J ones, niece and heiress the owner of that place

B U SH

- Meyrick . Charlton Meyrick

In Hasguard Church , near Milford Haven , is the tomb

Gell swick of Katharine , daughter of Owen Barrett of y ,

ho w . married Dr Rowland Meyrick, Bishop of Bangor , and

1 8 died 59 , leaving four sons and two daughters , of whom the ll Kut . eldest, Sir Gi y Meyrick , (probably named after the

who Gell swick f for his ancestor named y ) , was a su ferer

e faithful adh rence to the unfortunate Earl of Essex , Eliza

’ beth s discarded favourite ; they were boys together and

firm of friends through life , sharing the fate the scaffold

1 60 1 . ll in 1 1 on Tower Hi 60 . It was from Sir Gilly that the

Me ricks of who y Fleet , near Pembroke , were descended,

’ took so active a part in Cromwell s siege of that place in

1 6 8 Me ricks 4 ; and also the y of Bush , near Pembroke,

of o the present seat the family . The original stock f the RECORDS OF PLACES AND OF FAMILIES 57

i of now Meyrick fam ly is Bodorgan , Anglesey, the property

f r . o Sir George Mey ick , Bart

r f 1 828 1 82 8 Thomas Mey ick of Bush , Sheri f in , married J ane ,

- Geor e I V of . g great granddaughter Brown Willis , the antiquary Their

h Chinerton a . only daughter , Jane Sophia, m rried St J o n

Charlton , Esq . ,of Apley Castle , Salop . Thomas , second

son . of St John and Sophia, inherited Bush , and took the

’ name of Meyrick on his elder brother s death he inherited

Apley also he was created Baronet in 1 880 .

- i l . Barlow . Lort Ph l ips

Owners .

Prickeston of Henry Lort of , brother of Sir Roger Lort

f 1 6 Stackpole , was Sheri f in 53 ; his grandson , J ohn , in

- 1 2 r 1 . 7 3 , and his g eat grandson , J ohn , in 775 This last

of of John married Dorothy , daughter John Barlow Law renny , and from the marriage of their daughter Elizabeth

of with Dr . George Phillips Haverfordwest come the present

- family of Lort Phillips at Lawrenny . The younger sister

of of Elizabeth , Anne Lort , married J ohn Meares Eastington , who was Sheriff in 1 80 0 .

is The present mansion at Lawrenny entirely modern , built by the uncle of the present owner .

lo Adam Bull . Ackland .

Owners .

- B ullston lo l Boulston , or , from Adam Bul ,the Norman ,

. t he now a ruin by the shores of Milford Haven , j ust where 58 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

’ Cledd au two branches of the river meet (called, in Camden s

’ n Gledheu Brita nia , Aberdaugleddau , from , ancient British for a sword , the Water of the Two was formerly

of a seat of the Wogans , a branch the family established at

Wiston . Great woods in those days Spread around it, and

of il tradition makes them the haunt many w d beasts, and

’ l in l chiefly of one cal ed the old chronicles a basi isk , which u Slew by sight , and was in its t rn slain if first seen . One of the Wogans had himself enclosed in a barrel , and carried into the woods through a peep - hole in the barrel he saw and Slew the monster (spoken of by one old writer as a On some of the old Wogan crests the barrel is still seen . Colonel Ackland built the modern house ; he was a

’ great friend of Fenton s the old house has been in ruins

two r over hund ed and fifty years .

MAN ORB IER CASTLE

Fenton tells us that Manorbier Castle remained in the

l f one of ll fami y o the De Barris ( whom , Wi iam , married

Angharad, daughter of Gerald de Windsor and Nesta ; two

’ of William s sons took part in the Invasion of Ireland under

ho 1 1 6 ll . w Strongbow in 9) ti the time of Henry IV , granted by letters patent to J ohn de Windsor the Manors of Manor

not bier , Penally , and Begelly ; but they did long remain with him , and changed into many hands during the wars of the Roses . Queen Elizabeth granted Manorbier to Thomas a Trellw n Treflo ne p Owen of y ( y ) his descendant, Thomas

of Bowen , married a daughter of Sir Erasmus Philipps

60 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

fi - the of cial dockyard for all the sea men round the coast, il ai where their ships were bu t and kept in rep r . The remains of the Castell of Castlemartin can still fi be seen in a eld, north of the Pound it was apparently an

- earth fort of moderate Size . Of the five roads meeting at

i of in the Pound, the one lead ng in the direction L ney Head

al l is still c led Bu l Street (Bull , Pwll , the mouth of a

now ll river or stream) ; then , as , it led from the Caste to

’ B luck s i and Pwll , under L nney Head . Castle Lady

’ - Warman s Hill, close by, were both formerly earth forts

- to repel invasion , built by the Sea Men . The Norman

1 0 66 . 1 0 66 Invasion occurred in .

am r ar of Willi Ma echal , E l Pembroke, who died in

1 2 1 to 9 , left the monks of Pembroke, among other tithes ,

’ f i ll 1 e that o K ng s Mi at Castlemartin . In 244 is mention d

Sir John de Castro Martini, and another of the same name

about 1 270 . J ohn de Castro Signed the Charter of Philip de Angulo as a witness in 1 298 (of which mention has already

of 1 2 been made) , and others the name are spoken of in 3 4 and

l in r in 1 40 5 . The Earls of Pembroke held the Caste l thei

own i - B ulliber hands, w th its associated earth forts at and

. ’ o i ll - ot a Flimst n , together w th King s Mi and the earth f r adj

of . cent to it , having a Knight Resident in charge them At the death of Earl Aym er de Valence in 13 24 theManor of r d . was 1 0 2 0 3 . 2 Castlemartin worth £ , and the whole Lo d di d . ar ship only £1 75 1 65 . 45 Castlem tin was an excee ngly

- e of rich and valuable corn growing district . Memb rs the family of de Castro Martini took part in the Irish Invasion

' ' o som e rem ained and . t under Henry II and S rongb w, and O the settled there , founding families in later times daughter

of an Irishman , Sir Nicholas de Castlemartin , married RECORDS OF PLACES AND OF FAMILIES 61

ar l the Sir Rich d Wel esley, an ancestor of Dukes of

Wellington .

As before mentioned, Flimston was also a knightly

ll le residence under the Earls of Pembroke Wi iam Fleming ,

1 2 6 from whom it probably derived its name , held it in 4 ,

1 2 and Walter de Castro in 3 4 .

BOSHERSTON MERE

This is a very curious blow- hole on the cliffs near Stack C ’ pole , not far from St . oven s Chapel , the quaint little i hermitage nestl ng halfway down the great limestone cliffs ,

al w and said to have been the fin refuge of Sir Ga ain , one

’ of of Arthur s Knights the Round Table , who thus at the

i or his i . end of life became Sa nt Gawa n , Goven This

- r i - blow hole is connected underg ound w th the sea caves ,

n sea and at certain states of wi d and tide the , dashing into

air the caves and imprisoning the , forces it up through the narrow passage and out through the blow—hole with a shrill and terrific sound, like a prolonged scream or whistle, the edges of the hole being polished like marble by the friction of small stones and earth , carried up by the rush of wind .

to is ar The mere is said play when the sound he d , but this happens now more seldom than formerly, though persons now

al living have heard it frequently, possibly some f l of rock l may have obstructed, or partia ly obstructed, the passage .

in all Camden , his Britannia (page thus udes to it , though in rather a sceptical spirit

ar i Ne Stackpole Bosher, otherw se Bosherston , upon

sea- l - ar the Side , is a pool or pit cal ed Bosherston Me the depth whereof several that have sounded have not yet 62 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

discovered . This pit bubbles and foams , and makes such a noise before stormy weather that it is heard above ten miles off. The banks are of no great circumference at the top , but broader downwards , and from the bottom there is

sea a great breach towards the , which is about a furlong di al stant . But there is much more t ked of this place w than I shall trouble you ith at present , because I take some relations of it for fabulous its noise is distinctly

sea on known from that of the , which also these coasts

’ often roars very loud .

- The opening of the blow hole is round, and about of the size through which a man could with difficulty squeeze himself . The author has never heard the mere actually

’ al play, but has stood by when it gave an occasion deep , hollow groan ; the uprush of wind through the hole was

tremendous , and one seemed to hear it coming from a long

off out for l way before it actually rushed , then an interva ll a ul . wo d be still , then the groan again , and then the wind

MILFORD HAVEN This name is derived from the ancient Norse Mille

of is Fiord (the Haven the Thousand Fiords) , and it

so aptly named, for the bays and creeks and indentations

on spread out every side , and the main channel winds like

n two n a river , branching high up i to chan els, where it

of formerly bore the name Aberdaugleddau , the Haven of the Two Swords : Gledh eu being the old British word for a sword the little river whose two branches feed the Haven

Cleddau . being called the , from the same source

r 1 Pam hlett George Owen , w iting in 595 , says in a p RECORDS OF PLACES AND OF FAMILIES 63 conteininge the description of My lford Haven I conceave three places chiefflie fit to be fortified that is Ratt I land ’ (al soe called Thorne Iland) the Stack and D ale Poynt . ’

w of not . He every here speaks The Nangle , Nangle As

’

Iland . to the , he makes an error Thorn Island, more E commonly called Thorney ( y , island) , is distinct from ’ ar Rat Island , which is a mere rock , ne er the Haven s mouth . Of Thorney, calling it Rat Island, he says , The said Iland ly eth verie neere levell but not fullie of the faire

l soe crossin e rode of St . Mary wel , that I g over in a boate from the stack to the Nangle bay I lost the Sight of Rat Iland a good space before I came neere the land whereby I guessed that if a forte were builded upon Rat Iland it ll ul not . co d annoy ships riding in St Mary We roade , but to Mar ners that the y that carried us over being Nangle men ,

harborow e and expert in the , answered that noe great shy ppin ge could ryde soe neare the shore there by reasons of the sh allowes but that they must ryde within viewe of

’ Rat Ilaud .

: is or r d e Further The Stack a rock y g of Stone , further up within the Haven and standeth between ladie

hh ooke . S out Chappell (St Mary lodge) and pointe , but somewhat more West and lower downe than S outhhooke

’ poy nte .

Further : It is thought that St . Mary Well rode is

’ rin f within Culve ge Shotte o the Stacke . Further : Few ships are seene to passe on the North Side of the Stacke but the Masters of the Harborow e tell us that they may well passe for there is water

’ sufficient and noe danger .

Shi e is sem erinsula t u Further pp Tland p , y is an Ila d 64 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE at full sea but not at lowe water between y t and the mayne there is another peece of grounde and a greate ditch or trench betwixt y t and the mayne land verie hard to come to where there standeth the remnant of a towre built upon the entrance thereof as it seemeth , serving for f a forte or defence of the same , and from the same peece o grounde y ou may goe into Shippe Iland dry foote at half ebbe but not without a ladder for the hard ascending of

ul sea the same, but at every f l the same is compassed about by the sea the neighbours here reporte that the same was a place of retrete for the Countrey people in olde time to save them and their cattell from the Welshman that then ul often assa ted them . the North side of this Shippe Ilaud al oft on the toppe of the Cliffe is

all seated the Easter Blockhouse, commonly c ed Nangle

’ overlookin e blockhouse , g all the entrance or havon s

turrett Mouth , being a rounde never yet finished made in

8th his t m e K . Hen . ye y for to impeach the entrance into b ’ that avon , but in most men s j udgment to noe good purpose for that it stoode soe highe above the full sea marke West Pille Roade is a little roade on the

neere Iland west parte of Nangle towne and standeth Ratte ,

t t Creeke between y and the South blockhouse, y is a little u of turn n e neere or Pille f ll Rockes y g into the land, but the

for Shi es necessitie same there is a place pp to ride upon ,

sh in e sta e for but few y pp g useth to y there , that it is in the ’ l havon s mouth in effecte St . Mary Wel roade is the chiefest roade in My lford and safest upon most Windes large and good Ancker h ould and about & VI . fathoms water alwaies it recheth from Rat Iland to the entrance of

furlon es . the Nangle Baye which is & I I . g and more RECORDS OF PLACES AND OF FAMILIES 65

The Stack standing neere against the middle thereof so y t t a forte upon the Stacke were able o comande that rode . The Oyster Stones is a danger at the entrance of the Mowth of Nangle Baye and it is three stones ly eing in the waye somewhat near er to the Nangle pointe than to the other

fir a eare side , they st pp at three quarters ebbe and are lockt

m aesters h avon dr at a quarter flood , the of that are iven to s eciall of come in by p markes for feare this danger , but by reason that there cometh noe great shippinge nor any

Creeke strangers to that , but onely smale boates of the h r r w f a bo o e t o . , here is no great accompt made this danger P opton pointe is the Easter pointe of the Mowth of Nangle havon soe called of a little village neere the same called wester Popton upon this pointe there is an ould trench or sconce of earth The bavon of Nangle

h arborowe soe is noe but a drye baye at every ebbe , that there is not rode or riding for any ships but verie good landing all al ong the Creeke from half flud to full sea but before hal f hud it is all owse and slime saving neero the

all of towne , where is good landing at tymes the tyde ; there are noe such smale Creekes to be seen within the baye as Mr . Saxon in his Mappe hath noted downe .

’ Crosw ard is a pointe on the wester side of Martyn s

t for bavon , y is a rode for smale barkes and not greate

’ shi in r pp ge . Martin s bavon is a little C eeke that l cometh up to Pwl crochan Church , it is but a smalle landing place . P ennar Mowth is the Creeke that cometh up to Creeke Pembrook towne , this is the greatest and largest in all Milford, it passeth up into the land three myles and more , at the upper end it parteth into two branches and compasseth the towne and castell of Pembrook serving the 66 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

said towne for a mote or strong ditch on every side thereof . ” A barke of & L or L tuune may enter this Creeke at lowe

Ancker noe water and ryde at at Crowe poole , but further without helpe of the tyde . The Crowe is a hollowe or Shelfe a pretty way within the

P ennar entrance of Mowth and it is an oyster bed, and on the Crowe groweth one of the best oysters of all

“

Milford, being a bigg and a sweet oyster , the poore people thereabouts are greatly relieved by the oysters there , for upon lowe water the bed is drye , and the people gather the oysters there without any dredge or other helpe of boate . ‘ The Carne is a rocke or ridge of stones on Pembrook side above P atrichurch a flight shoote in the Channel& within the full sea marke . It is a danger, and the greatest in Milford ; it is locked at half flood , but ells open .

i beneathe r u The Carne Pointe is the po nte the fer y ho se , and between y t and the ferry (Hobbs Point there Is a Creeke entering eastward and is lowe land and good landing there .

l 1 Goode landinge S ibberig Cave . Goode on the east side of the bight beneth Hubberston

oke 1 called Con J o .

’ Indifferente the east and west Side of Gelly s weeke .

Badd, South hooke pointe .

‘ w as of The Earle of Pembrook , when he President Wales;

to n. sought have this Harborough fortified, soe did Sir J

m eenes to Perrott they had licence , and should have had t doe y from Queen Eliz . but that the death of the one

’ and the downfall of the other did disappoint it .

F e s Th e ave w as tw o both l mi h . c f k n re ar s w es o Cun ec ea now fi e u . hu d d y d t j b ch, ll d p

SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

1 1 1 8 In a letter dated August , 4 5 , from Richard III . to Henry Vernon , a squire of his body, he says : Our rebelles and traitoures departed out of the water of Sayn (Seine) the first day of this present moneth making their cours westwardes ben landed at Nangle besides My lford ’ S oneda di enfourm ed 1 Haven on y last passed as we be cre bly . Following on these chronicles of the Haven in bygone

to days , it may not be amiss give a short account of the

of more recent history the town of Milford Haven .

MILFORD HAVEN (TOWN)

l l Sir Wi liam Hami ton , Ambassador at Naples , grandson

l 1 8 of the third Duke of Hami ton , married in 75 Catherine, daughter of John Barlow of Slebech (She died

Through her he acquired property at Milford Haven, for l . of which his nephew , the Hon Charles Grevil e , son the

. i Earl of Warwick , acted as agent Charles Grev lle had l taken up a very lovely girl , Emma Hart , whom Sir Wil iam

d - much a mired, calling her the fair tea maker when ’ ill they met at Greville s house . Grev e started great u l schemes at Milford , planned docks, and b i t a large pier ;

was he soon overwhelmed with debt , and then made a

ul shamef bargain with Sir William , the result of which was of that Emma was enticed to Naples, on the pretext

for masters her beautiful voice , and there fell into Sir

’ William s hands . After five years they returned to 6 1 1 . England, and were there married on September , 79 ll of Milford was transferred to Grevi e , with a settlement

£80 0 per annum on the bride .

1 ’ ar s ar the an in w as at D a e . An error on R ich d p t, l d g l RECORDS OF PLACES AND OF FAMILIES 69

1 8 0 0 In 1 80 0 the Government rented the Milford Ship .

ar building Yard for fourteen ye s , and Greville, Sir William and Lady Hamilton , and Lord Nelson all met at a banquet given at the Lord NelsonHotel at Milford by Greville apparently without any awkwardness being felt by any

& i 1 80 one Charles Grev lle died in 9 , leaving the Milford 1 8 1 property to his brother Robert . In 4 the Government

out was lease ran , and not renewed, the money demanded

n too m bei g extortionate . From that ti e the fortunes of il n M ford declined, and untold sums were su k and lost in

f to i i the e fort rev ve them , both by Robert Grev lle and his

son . , also Robert The latter finally quitted the place , his only son having been thrown from his horse and killed in 1 81 Hyde Park . The Government in 4 began to build the present dockyard on the site then known as Pater

of as church (still spoken by country people Pater, pronounced Patter) , the Haven Forts were afterwards built il ’ i for its protection . Emma Lady Ham ton s career w th Lord Nelson is a matter of history ; there is a beautiful portrait of her by Romney at Stackpole Court . CHAPTER III

OF M CU M AND P C L M NA ES , STO S , ROVIN IA I S S

I N a tract of country peopled by such a mixture of races as

the - to is South Pembrokeshire , place names cannot fail be of very great interest and as names stick more tenaciously than anything else , they often furnish very valuable aids to in n - history , traci g the former dwelling places of the various families . The earliest foreign settlers here seem to have been the Gaels ; and they have left their mark in the many

w e n Kil aison names find beginni g with Kil , as p , Kilgetty,

’

Kilwende Kilrue . g , Kil signified a hermit s cell , afterwards

- a church or burying place , sometimes a retreat or hidden spot . Names beginning with Kil are among the most common of all in Ireland .

Next came the Kelts , possessing the land to a much greater degree than the Gaels , as men grew more numerous and civilisation drew on to them we owe such names as

B entlass B ulli r il runwere , be , Crickm arren, Crickm a , C ,

L serr Lanion a P ennar y y , Lydstep , , Lamphey , Pen lly, ,

P ortclew S awdern Pentre , , Pwllcrochan , Rhoscrowther, ,

Treff arn Treflo ne T rebowen . g , y , Then came the Norse

al al men , whose fin ton has prevailed so univers ly through out the length and b readth of England over all other forms

of . name To them South Pembrokeshire owes very many, OF S AND 1 NAMES , CUSTOM , PROVINCIALISMS 7

as A On ull fiord Grassholm such ngle ( g , a ) , (Holm , a wood) ,

’ Hubberston (Hubba) , Herbrandston , Harding s Hill (Hard in r r Lan um Studdock Studda E g ) , Jeff eston , g , ( ) , Thorney ( y ,

P o ton Pebba Skom ar Skokholm island) , p ( ) , , , Williamston ,

Cheveralton Wo aston Mellaston , g (Wogan) , Orielton , , Roch . A good many Keltic names were altered by the Norse

off or men to suit themselves , cutting the Keltic Tre

f or of Tre f (signifying place , place this is very prevalent

ll sub in Cornwa , where the Keltic race was strong) and

’ stitutin own w e g their equivalent of ton . Thus have the

- hybrid Keltic Norse, such as

Trefm awr n w Moreston . , o

- Tref gors, now Corston .

Tref est n Tre est n est nton . j y or j y , J y

Trefnew dd . y , now Newton

to The Danes seem chiefly have harassed the coast , landing only for short periods , and penetrating but little

- . bi inland Tenby (Dane ) was their chief settlement , or, as

D nbich - - of the Welsh had it, y y Pysgod (the abode Danish

fishers) . From them we also have Frains Lake (frayne ,

l laekr Sk rm e Skroem i g ittering ; , a brook) , and y ( , a giant) ,

a common family name about Pembroke still .

The Flemings left but little trace in the way of names , though Flimston was probably named from William

le Fleming , who held it under the Earls of Pembroke in

1 246 ; and we have also Flemington . But the type of their

race is still strong in the land of their enforced adoption , as those who took part in the South African War can n r testify, certai types in South Pembrokeshi e and among

the Boers being identical . 7 2 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

Names which were once pure Welsh , and have now been altered almost beyond recognition , are

’ al ual G chm ai. W wyn s Castle , formerly Castell — Wiston Castell Gwy s (white) .

—Hen astell Hean Castle g , the old or earliest castle . — Eare Earwear. Amroth Were , or

Llanm ilo— Llw d Castell y , belonging to Milo de Cogan .

Of the families who have passed away from the places once associated with their names are

Barlows of Slebech .

Adams of Paterchurch .

Wy rriotts of Orielton .

Dawes of B angeston .

Whites of Henllan .

Wogans of Boulston .

Cun s of W elston Co ne s v (Walter , also y y of Staffordshire)

’ Laugh arnes of St . Bride s .

Malefants of Upton .

Even as late as early in the nineteenth century oxen were used for ploughing in Pembrokeshire frequently in

tw o conj unction with horses , oxen abreast with two horses

of abreast in front . The smuggling French brandy was one of the chief harvests of all classes every creek from Tenby to al - D e was a landing place , Manorbier Castle a perfect nest of w as caches and when a cargo in , teams were requisi

’ tioned right and left , even the Squire s horses might be found weary and exhausted in their stalls in the morning but if

e l & a myst rious keg stood in the hal , no questions were asked

Among many superstitions , it was (and still is) OF NAMES , CUSTOMS , AND PROVINCIALISMS 73

considered unlucky for the first visitor across the thres

’ hold on New Year s morning to be a woman ; a woman

also brings ill - luck to a fisherman if met coming against

’ him on his way to the boat ; there will be but a poor

’ - catch & Wren hunting on St . Stephen s Day was an old

ar custom sh ed by Pembrokeshire with Ireland , and there fore probably of Gaelic origin ; it prevailed al so in the

of in Isle Man , but South Pembrokeshire , at any rate , it

’ has now entirely died out . On New Year s morning boys and girls went round from house to house with the New ’ t Year s Wa er and an evergreen sprinkler , with which

who they sprinkled all received them , singing

Here we rin new wa er ro the well so lear b g t f m c , For to worshi God wi is a New Year p th , th h ppy l in le ew sin le dew the w a er and the wine S g vy d , g vy , t With seven bright gold wires and bugles that d o shi ne Sin rei n of air ai wi ol on her toe g g f m d , th g d up , O en ou the wes door and rn the old ear o p y t , tu y g , S n rei n of air a d wi ol on her in i g g f m i , th g d up ch ,

O en ou the eas door and let the New Year in. p y t ,

in I am indebted to Mr . Edward Laws , his most inter

’ n of esti g book , History Little England beyond Wales, for of this quaint and charming verse, for the custom

’ sprinkling the New Year s water has fallen into disuse in the i l country d stricts west of Pembroke, though children stil go

al round singing hymns and quaint carols , one of which , so

a given by Mr . Laws, I myself he rd on last New Year

The roa s are er ir d v y d ty, M s oes are er in y h v y th , e wis ou a Ha New Year W h y ppy ,

And please to turn us in.

1 ’ ’ v d ew sa to b e L e ar D duw a cr to Go d . Le y , id i f , y 74 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE

One of the survivals of the Flemish occupation is the

- - long handled, heart shaped shovel (found also in Belgium, and in Ireland) , with which a great deal of farm work is ’ ul l done, and the c m for the bal fires is mixed . Culm is 1 a mixture of small coal and mud, burnt in the cottages

l u it is made up into bal s with the hands , and the fire caref lly

o out built up night and morning , and never allowed to g

fir e it makes a red, glowing of good heat , but little flame .

of on of The carrying burdens the head, a survival very Old times , is less universal than it was ten years l ago , but sti l is fairly common only women carry in this manner , and it is wonderful what a weight even slight

on young girls can bear with ease, once it is placed the

: l or head by a comrade brimming pai s Of water milk, or

n . huge, u gainly bundles of drift wood The custom gives a splendid , upright carriage and even , swinging walk , and it is a thousand pities that it should ever decline . The gathering of laver from the rocks is one Of the chief l industries of the Angle vil agers , and one meets very picturesque groups returning from the shore, in patched and

n r tattered garments (sea water bei g ruinous) , with g eat l bundles of drift wood poised on their heads . They col ect the laver from the rocks beyond Freshwater Bay, about three miles from Angle, and have there built a number of

of - little huts wreck wood, thatched with sedge, in which to store it (which go by the name of Little Angle) it

off is collected weekly and sent by train to Swansea , where the Rhondda Valley miners consider it a great

is delicacy, eaten as a vegetable . In appearance it

’ something like what is known as Gold Beaters Skin ,

1 - Or rat er sea s i e . h , l m

76 SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE been known to describe the crew Of a Welsh vessel in Angle Bay & The expressions I here give are those only which I d myself have heard use ; there are many, many more , and they ought to be collected and chronicled before that

so of day, alas not far distant , when the march progress

l - of- - wil have reduced even these quiet , out the way corners of the world to one dead level of uniformity and (I am tempted to add) dullness . It is unfortunately impossible to reproduce the voice and intonation which give so much character to these quaint forms of Speech the voice

- ul usually rises at the end Of the sentence in a half quer ous , questioning cadence and the last word or two is generally emphasised , as if to drive home the meaning . For them ,

or apparently, there is no neuter gender , everything is he she aa ro , or rather , which applies to both sexes , p nounced like ah said very shortly . In the same way

Aal, all . ’ ll t ie e Aal to wi s ress on to a o s . fly , th t , p c ’ - ll t ie The akin has one a roa . To o abroad to a o es . g , f p c b g tub g b d ’ ’ i n Ei must take t all abroad to find what s wro g .

- n ull the kitt wake . An y g , y

Axed aske . , d

- an r B ean cracker, a l d ail . ’ i ’ t ree li le es . B ittie a s all il . S e s o , m ch d h g th tt b tti

B ush to r s wi orns as a cow . , th u t th h , ’ ’

le Tis aal caffi ed . Ca le an . fi , t g up ’

Cannt an . , c t i done and ere a ers an r re ons ran e . Ei towld en w a e C p , g y m t c h t , th was capers er ar el arr to arr the fin al is in aria l los . Ri shannt arr C , c y 5 y v b y t c y p c ’ ’ in ea of ake or rin I carr d her a of tea. Often also used st d t b g, cup

Cha all a el. pp , Ch p Sir o n & Sir o n & Not ake ee & Old ll all o er li t li . C &, c ff J h J h t b f bu f v ’ ’ i Ro k of clift The word cleft is also pronounced Cl ft . c ’

A es cli t for m e . g , f OF AND NAMES , CUSTOMS, PROVINCIALISMS 77

’ i st i r Ei om in a a n o n owa ds . w as al wa s w en ei m it en C g g , c m g t h f y h i ’ ’ i t i o n a ains m e . s oes no l on a c m g t Th d mp y c t ct . om in to rain rono n e oom in to rine oin to rain C g , (p u c d C g ) g g .

ornel orner. C , c ’ ’

Cot a en the k s cot the i s cot . , p , duc , p g ral n t ne il w ner r ou le se e o essar t o e all o e . C p , v c y , g y m ke owl a as . C , b t

Cowld ol . , c d l e in the o a es a m ixt e f s all l nlm the e s ur o oa and or Sli e . C , fu u d c tt g , m c mud m ’ ’ ’ i A r i i ke s e ul . a s eel rse aa s ars ed ross w . C , c , c d, p t f cu d, ’ Aa a e aa ilf wi t Dab to s ear. s he ain . , m d bb d th p t i ’ Ei one t ro er. did it ll Done did . we . , d p p (I ) i i Dott ool s e ile . y , f h , mb c i Dnll s els Dnl . , tup d (W h ) i D sel s le er an Distel . y , th t (G m ) E n the la er al of a wor is enerall as m asilf aasilf i i , i tt h f d g y I , , th s s eli probably Ga c . ’ lli n ille o rono n e f Elli ook E . g g, gu m t p u c d g

- Evil a ree ron e ar en ork . , th p g d g d f

‘ ’ ’ ’ F led ex a s e one ron n e le Aa ai o . s os le He i , h u t d , d ; p u c d fi d m t fi d . ( s ‘ ’ ’ Also ex resse n- nearl ex a s e . n Ei l s o s ess . e to fin y h u t d ) p ucc fi d d en. ’

rom there awa wi s ress on ro . o e ou rom ere F , y , th t f m C m y f th (Come awa We lit a fire so aa had to o e rom ere y , c m f th ’ ’ ’ ’ ain to i ro e rono n e ine Aa inin . s s o l He i G , mp v p u c d g g t ut y . ( s i gett ng better. ) ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ i ne e a o e e o e . T r A s one n s o s . a aal to fl G , b c m g v y h bby g y . Aa s ’ ne w k aa can s r el n o a ea a s a . g th t , c c y t d i r a i . G p, d tch ’ Gwain oin rono n e wine , g g ; p u c d g .

Ha ard a ri k r h - a a ar . gg , c y d ( y gu d) ’ He t - ek o ho . Ei can e k a o a bit to d a , p h c b ut y . He t Too wi ht w i ’ t o li . e we cannt e f , ft f g y ( ghty) , h ft en. Hi ht ’ ’ eer l leasan . Tis a hi ht l e g y , ch fu , p t g y p ac . Hinderable Ver hinderable wea er on the ha r n n , y th y (p o ou ced high ’ ’ Hone an en ear en . o e Hone o e tis ou tis y , d m t C m , y , c m , y (You are the chosen one i)

Hoult ol . a a owi e , h d C tch h t th re H w e as h ‘ ’ ‘ o s w . How o , u d y u come to do it ? Sometimes Which y , w ay y ou come to d o it Howd also ol r ‘ ’ , o s o . How on & How on & S h d , t p d d ( top & stop &) Also w en o e i ’ s one s in . Aa an ow it lon h m dy g c ut h d g . 78 SOUTH PEMBROKESHI RE

’ Ei r I rono n ed o . , p u c Eh l o l s o . j y , t ut ’ K e e Aa kee d e d ke . e on at m e it a o . p , pt p b ut ’ l r n n Ke to o k o o e k . K the re oor y , c ; p u c d y y du (d pronounced as poor ’ ‘ a s onl lo ke lo ke i la e Aa w nl a s . as o lo ked in y c d ( c d tch d) y c , not ’ ky ed . k r rea Lake a roo o s . , b t m

La ster lo s er. p , b t

Lear in s ar e e . , th , t v d , mpty let Lea e en oo Leave . , v g i ial wa r rse Leet an ar e o . , t fic t c u

Look to la . , tch er t l Dani l e Lanker a e o ob e ani als . sh a nke , f tt h b m . Maid rono n e i e a irl is al wa s so a dressed and a m an or , p u c d m d 3 g y d ,

bo as m an or m un. Gor i e how not ou o e sooner Run y , m d , y c m , t e m un rim s he I a e . , hut gyt (g t ) ’ ’

i e Aa s a n sorr . He r ill Ma n r . is e . , v y m i y ( v y ) d i ’ M eet with to fin . E an ee wi h en. a e lo it , c ut m t t (I h v st . ) Milk to o ilk is to ilk y , g m y m .

Miskin an re ea . Norse m ki. , m u h p y ’ ’ ’ ’ he i i bbin . t e w ili Moil a s ra G0 ou all h so s s m o n n the eld . , p g g g y c , fi l a la ro an M oll a . y , mb , mb b ught up by h d ’ ’ ’ ’

M rono n e m ei or m a . Go ou rom ere You re fillin all y , p u c d y y f th ’ m ei eyes .

li e . A bit ne Nesh e a s s oil so . , d c t h ( p t , ft ) ’

o sha e s ress on seless n ra i al . T a s no e N p ( t u , u p ct c h t shap

Not ou d o not . Not ou o en y , y t uch ’ Ri had en ff O ro . o oon o nn . fi, f m y g J h y e re ses r in an r in i e Aa was on to m e all the t On to x s s s en . irne , p u g g , g y t c ’ about it .

lock nl k also oneas onhand . On y , u uc y ; y , y r orra one n t one Orra one, o n , o . ’ n A il d at m e P ile to row s o es . a e . , th t p l wll ill a reek . e s . P , c W h p ’ l e l i ea down . e e ou for s . ease ou s t Pl as y , p P y ’ ll ri e Aa li e lim to swe as . ran . P , , c p mm d up g d

o les ro n s ones . P pp , u d t ’ l i e i well ri . E on t ro er ro er . P p , , ght y d p p ’

r d . Aa was a in uat s a o s a e a b s . en aa aw & , q u t , q u tt q u t u h Wh s m e ’ aa q uat down . ’ h i e o s. The o n orse is i r Ras a b t a . , mp tu u y u g h sh ’

eal rono n e reel. R , p u c d OF S AND NAMES , CUSTOM , PROVINCIALISMS 79

’

do not kn w . Ei an sa ri l . o Ri htl exa l . g y , ct y c ut y ght y (I ) ’ - l Rule rono n e ree u e . , p u c d i wi it i S crim ni ar l s in . Gor m un not ou be sa s r py , gg d y, t gy , , y c mpy th

S end to a o an ar wa . , cc mp y p t y

Shed to s ill ro ke or aske . ake are not ou S ed en 1 , p , f m buc t b t T c , y h ’ i kir in i S kir a s all s ower . Not b ra n onl skir s s s a b t . p, m h g i , y p , ju t p g ’ i l i t er S k t to s as . E was skit ed all o . , p h v i S l a o n irl. p, y u g g

S lo a a in a ank . p, g p b

S o stu efied iner . ggy , p , t ’ ’ ’ ’ Aa was t i S om ethin shockin er bad . o hin som e h n shockin , v y c ug i ’ i ’ ‘ ’ ’ k weak . T s a so li le n S orr s rr hi . How s o r o er y , c , y tt t g y u m th ? ’ ’ S e er orr h s v y s y .

teer s ee . S , t p Stum to s ifle sed also to ex ress o eri n the fire wi re el , t ; u p c v g th f sh fu . i ack s k . T y , t c y ’ ’ hat se for so Aa o w k aa can r l n s ne a ea s a e s a . T , u d 3 g th t , c c y t d i f r in f h nk u on o k o . en ei o e to ink on it ei was T p , th Wh c m th up , ’ fn ghtened . ’ i e Aa en in t d the sea. He r i i he i e . w t e n o the e . T , put t d ( th t s a ) ’ ’ To Aa m e for . in s o s to m e . , my c u

owld old . T , t To in i a in ll i f s a s ze . A to o a hin y , d c t g m y t g i

rash d e- ri in e s . T , h g t mm g Tri les the ra e la e on a ar for loadin ha pp , f m p c d c t g y .

um a a o k . T p, h yc c r it let t t l u n o to ou o oose . Ei rn en oo also lease o T g , , tu t g P y u turn us in in i e us in ( v t ) . r Vea , a weasel.

’ Wei ht ea rono n e ‘ wi ht g y , h vy ; p u c d g y . ‘ ’ Wax wax . In the sal s M ear is e en like el in w x , p m , y h t v m t g o . Yoon o n alwa i r ir s a o an e bo o l. g, y u g ; y cc mp s y g What yoong by was ’ ’ ’ a was n Ree n d th t T J oh s s yoo g rni e . You is enerall adde a er an o an : G0 ou a k o e ou g y d ft y c mm d y b c , C m y ’ ’ ere leas e ou ake it h , P y t .

i one In Angle v llage, whose street runs nearly due east

' of ° and west , that form direction is invariably used

’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ’ ‘ s ? Aa s l to Where J ohn gone East . Te l en call

aa & in when cooms West ,

a n a l -l l l A T I A K I h t b A DT M F N T

RETURN TO the c i rc ulati o n d e sk o f any Unive rsity Of C a lifo rnia Lib ra ry o rto the NO RTHERN REGIO NALLIBRARY FAC ILITY 4 R hm n F l t Bld . 00 c o d e d S a o n g . i i ti Unive rsity Of C alifo rnia

- Ric hm o nd , CA 94804 409 8

ALLBO O KS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS

2- m 0 nth loans m ay b e re ne we d by c alli ng ( 5 10) 042- 0 75 3 l - ye a r lo ans m ay b e re c harg e d by b ri ng i ng b o o ks to NRLF Re ne wa ls a nd re c ha rg e s m ay be m ad e 4

d ays p ri o rto d ue d ate .

DUEAS STAMPED BELOW

( 1