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Snow Removal and Ice Control. Proceedings of a Conference Gold, L NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRC Snow Removal and Ice Control. Proceedings of a Conference Gold, L. W.; Williams, G. P. For the publisher’s version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l’éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous. Publisher’s version / Version de l'éditeur: https://doi.org/10.4224/40001167 Technical Memorandum (National Research Council of Canada. Associate Committee on Soil and Snow Mechanics), 1964-02-17 NRC Publications Archive Record / Notice des Archives des publications du CNRC : https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=8f163de6-fe2d-4138-9c00-52a914883cdd https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=8f163de6-fe2d-4138-9c00-52a914883cdd Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/copyright READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE. L’accès à ce site Web et l’utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/droits LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D’UTILISER CE SITE WEB. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team at [email protected]. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n’arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à [email protected]. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA Associate Committee on Soil and Snow Mechanics SNOW REMOVAL AND ICE CONTROL Proceedings of a Conference held in Ottawa, 17-18 February 1964 Sponsored by the Subcommittee on Snow and Ice, NRC Associate Committee on Soil and Snow Mechanics Technical Memorandum No. 83 Compiled by L. W. Gold and G. P. Williams OTIAWA, OCTOBER 1964 PREFACE Snow removal and ice control is an important and necessary winter activity for all transportation systems in Canada. There has been a continuing increase in the demand and cost for this service in association with economic growth and technological advances in transportation. As one step in a review of the problem, the Snow and Ice Subcommittee of the Associate Committee on Soil and Snow Mechanics, National Research Council, sponsored a conference in Ottawa, Febru­ ary 17 and 18, 1964, on snow removal and ice control. The conference had three specific objectives: to determine and discuss the factors primarily responsible for the cost of snow removal and ice control; to begin to record in a form accessible to all the considerable experience that is already available in Canada on the problem; and, to delineate areas where research and development should be encouraged. The conference was opened by Dr. B. G. Ballard, President of the National Research Council. Papers and discussion during the morning of the first day were devoted to weather and snow properties in relation to snow clearing. In the after­ noon consideration was given to snow clearing and ice control in urban areas. The sessions on the second day were devoted to snow clearing and ice control on railways, highways and at airports. An ad hoc committee met on the second day to discuss the information presented on winter maintenance in urban areas and prepare recommendations for future action for the consideration of the Associate Committee. The papers, discussions and recommendations presented to the conference are contained in this report. The Associate Committee on Soil and Snow Mechanics wishes to express its appreciation to the authors of papers, discussors, and all others who participated in the conference; to its Assistant Secretary Miss J. Butler, and to Misses M. A. Gerard, M. Cullen and Mr. R. Armour of the Division of Building Research, N.R.C., for assisting Messrs. Gold and Williams in the preparation of this Technical Memorandum. R. F. Legget Chairman Ottawa Associate Committee on Soil October 1964 and Snow Mechanics TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Conference Review. L. W. Gold . .._. __ .. .. _ 1 17 February MORNING SESSION Chairman - R. F. Legget, Chairman, Associate Committee on Soil and Snow Mechanics Snow Removal and Ice Control in Canada - with a note on snow and ice research. R. F. Legget and G. P. Williams __ . .___________________________ 5 Meteorology of Snow and Ice. K. T. McLeod . ..._... 16 Characteristics of Snow and Ice Relevant to Snow Removal and Ice Control. L. W. Gold 22 Discussion of papers by McLeod and Gold. A. A. Johns .. .. __ .. .____ 29 General Discussion . ------- .. ._.._..... .______________ 30 AFTERNOON SESSION Chairman - F. E. Ayers, Director, Planning and Works Department, City of Ottawa Snow Clearing in Montreal. J.-V. Arpin --- -----------------__________________________ 33 Panel Discussion on Snow Removal and Ice Control in Urban Areas (a) Snow Removal and Ice Control, Edmonton. H. Gray 41 (b) Snow Removal and Ice Control, Fredericton. W. L. Barrett 46 (c) Snow Removal and Ice Control, Toronto. A. Douglas Ford ._______________________ 49 (d) Snow Removal and Ice Control. Winnipeg. W. D. Hurst 53 18 February MORNING SESSION Chairman - R. Silversides, Woodland Development Engineer, Abitibi Power and Paper Company Limited C.N.'s Fight with Snow. E. T. Hurley and E. H. Fisher .___________________________________ 58 Discussion: J. Fox -------___________________________________________ _ - 61 Snow and Ice Control on the Provincial Highway System of Ontario. D. R. Brohm, W. G. Cooke, A. Leslie ._____________________________________________________________________ 64 Discussion: M. Ostiguy ....-- .--- ..__ -----. -------- .___________________________________ 79 R. A. Scott _.... ._. .________ __ __ 81 Winter Maintenance Practices in Canada - 1963. M. A. La Salle 85 General Discussion . ... --------------------- .___ 87 AFTERNOON SESSION Snow Removal and Ice Control in the RCAF. S/Ldr. R. Greenhalgh . ._______ 90 RCAF Snow Removal and Ice Control Procedures - the Development of Equipment and Techniques. FILt. J. C. Caird ---__.________________________ 93 Mechanical Equipment Trends in Airport Snow Removal at Department of Transport Airports. H. E. A. Devitt .. ._... .____ 97 Runway Snow Removal and Ice Control Methods at Airports maintained by Department of Transport. L. M. E. Hawkins . 101 General Discussion .._. .. -------______________________ 103 Final Discussion Period - Chairman: L. W. Gold 105 Appendix A - Registration List . .. .__________________________ 107 CONFERENCE REVIEW by L. W. GOLD, Chairman, Snow and Ice Subcommittee, ACSSM The conference had three principal objectives: perature and wind speed during and subsequent to begin to define those factors primarily respon­ to the storm. The importance of these factors is sible for the cost of snow removal and ice control; generally recognized, and most winter main­ to begin to record in one place easily accessible tenance organizations have statistics concerning to all the considerable experience available on the them for their respective regions. It is recognized problem; and to begin to define areas where also that good weather forecasts are necessary for research and development should be encouraged. the efficient deployment of men and equipment. The following review of the conference has been Discussion following the paper by McLeod on prepared with regard to these objectives. weather in relation to snow removal and ice con­ trol did bring out the fact, however, that most Snow removal and ice control is a service that organizations are not aware of the service pro­ has grown rapidly in the past twenty years because vided by the Canadian Meteorological Service. of requirements of a growing economy and the One of the recommendations arising from the desire to use the automobile under all weather Conference was that a study be undertaken to conditions. In the paper by Legget and Williams, define what weather information is required for it is estimated that there are now about 40,000 the purpose of snow removal and ice control, and miles of urban roads in Canada from which must what can be provided by the Canadian Meteoro­ be removed about 192 x l O" tons of snow each logical Service. winter; about 270,000 miles of surfaced highways from which must be removed about 1200 x 1O" Weather has had an influence on the develop­ tons; about 60,000 miles of track from which ment of winter maintenance capability and prac­ must be removed about 9 x l O" tons; and run­ tices. For example, in temperate areas with ways equivalent to about 2,600 miles of two­ medium to heavy total annual snowfall, salt is lane surfaced highway from which must be re­ used extensively in combination with ploughing moved about 8 x 1Oll tons. They estimate that for snow removal and ice control. In regions the direct cost of winter maintenance service in normally too cold for salt to be effective, salt Canada is now between sixty to one hundred mixed with abrasives or abrasives only are used million dollars per year in public funds. This for ice control, and greater use appears to be estimate does not include capital investment, in­ made of graders, particularly in urban areas, terest charges on investment, depreciation or the because of their planing ability. It has been found cost of private snow removal and ice control. good practice to remove snow as quickly as pos­ Trends indicate that direct costs will double within sible after it falls to reduce the possibility of ice ten years. It is apparent that the magnitude and formation by traffic. This in turn has encouraged cost of snow removal and ice control in Canada investment in ploughs and plough attachments is sufficient to justify careful consideration of the rather than blowers for highway snow removal, factors responsible for that cost, and the encour­ and established 30 to 40 miles as a practical agement of research and development directed to length of road that can be maintained by a patrol.
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