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An Assessment of the Leatherback Turtle Population in the Atlantic Ocean

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An Assessment of the Leatherback Turtle Population in the Atlantic Ocean NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-555 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE LEATHERBACK TURTLE POPULATION IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN A Report of the Turtle Expert Working Group U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center 75 Virginia Beach Drive Miami, Florida 33149 April 2007 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-555 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE LEATHERBACK TURTLE POPULATION IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN A Report of the Turtle Expert Working Group U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Conrad C. Lautenbacker Jr., Undersecretary for Oceans and Atmosphere National Marine Fisheries Service William T. Hogarth, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries Southeast Fisheries Science Center Miami, Florida April 2007 This Technical Memorandum series is used for documentation and timely communication of preliminary results, interim reports, or special-purpose information. This memorandum has been reviewed by the Center for Independent Experts. NOTICE The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to the NMFS, or to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales promotion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends, or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein or which has as its purpose any intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of NMFS publication. This report should be cited as follows: Turtle Expert Working Group. 2007. An Assessment of the Leatherback Turtle Population in the Atlantic Ocean. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-555, 116 p. Copies may be obtained by writing: National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center 75 Virginia Beach Drive Miami, Florida 33149 or National Technical Information Service 5258 Port Royal Road Springfield, Virginia 22161 (703) 487-4650 FAX: (703) 321-8547 Rush Orders: (800) 336-4700 PDF version available at www.sefsc.noaa.gov ii Leatherback Turtle Expert Working Group Larisa Avens Edo Goverse National Marine Fisheries Service Leatherback Sea Turtle Research and Monitoring Beaufort Laboratory Project Suriname Beaufort, N.C. 28516 Netherlands Committee for IUCN Plantage Middenlaan 2K Didiher Chacon 1018 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands WIDECAST-Costa Rica Asociacion ANAI Heather Haas Apdo. 170-2070, Sabanilla National Marine Fisheries Service San Jose, Costa Rica 170-2070, Central America Northeast Fisheries Science Center 166 Water Street Peter Dutton Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center Selina Heppell La Jolla, California 92037-1508 Oregon State University Dept. Fisheries and Wildlife Scott Eckert Corvallis, OR 97331 USA Wider Carib. Sea Turtle Consv. Network Duke University Marine Lab Maartje Hilterman 135 Duke Marine Lab Road Program Officer Biodiversity Beaufort, NC 28516 USA Netherlands Committee for IUCN Plantage Middenlaan 2K Tomo Eguchi 1018 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center Mike James La Jolla, California 92037-1508 Nova Scotia Leatherback Turtle Working Group Dalhousie University Sheryan Epperly Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J1 Canada National Marine Fisheries Service 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Laurent Kelle Miami, FL 33149 Regional Marine Turtle Program / Programme Régional "Tortues Marines" Benny Gallaway WWF LGL Ecological Research Associates, Inc. 5 Lot. Katoury / Route de Montabo 1410 Cavitt Street 97 300 Cayenne, Guyane française 97300 Bryan, TX 77801 USA Peter Lutz Marc Girondot Florida Atlantic University University of Paris XI Department of Biological Sciences Bât 362 Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991 USA Orsay, 91405 Paris, France Yvette Merton Marine Turtle Project Research Coordinator Matthew Godfrey STINASU Wildlife Resources Commission Paramaribo, Suriname, South America 307 Live Oak Street Beaufort, North Carolina 28516 USA Peter Pritchard Chelonian Research Institute 401 South Central Avenue Oviedo, FL 32765 USA iii Paul Richards National Marine Fisheries Service 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL 33149 Chris Sasso National Marine Fisheries Service 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL 33149 Melissa Snover National Marine Fisheries Service Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Honolulu, HI Kelly Stewart Duke University Beaufort, NC 28516 USA Nancy Thompson National Marine Fisheries Service 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL 33149 Manjula Tiwari National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center La Jolla, California 92037-1508 Sebastian Troëng Caribbean Conservation Corporation San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica, Central America CR Observer: Dennis Klemm National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Regional Office St. Petersburg, FL iv Table of Contents Introduction................................................................................................................................... 1 Management of Leatherback Sea Turtles................................................................................... 2 Historical Distribution, Population size and Utilization ........................................................... 3 Stock Structure.............................................................................................................................. 5 Conceptual model.......................................................................................................................... 7 Life history................................................................................................................................... 10 Stages........................................................................................................................................ 10 Sex Ratios ................................................................................................................................. 11 Strandings and In-water Sightings........................................................................................ 11 Hatchling Sex Ratio .............................................................................................................. 15 Age and growth ........................................................................................................................ 16 Survival..................................................................................................................................... 16 Stock Status ................................................................................................................................. 17 Florida ...................................................................................................................................... 17 Northern Caribbean................................................................................................................. 18 Puerto Rico............................................................................................................................ 18 US Virgin Islands (St. Croix)................................................................................................ 19 British Virgin Islands (Tortola) ............................................................................................ 20 Western Caribbean Stock......................................................................................................... 20 Southern Caribbean/Guianas Stock........................................................................................ 24 Guianas Overview................................................................................................................. 24 Guyana .................................................................................................................................. 26 Suriname ............................................................................................................................... 27 French Guiana....................................................................................................................... 34 Venezuela.............................................................................................................................. 39 Trinidad................................................................................................................................. 39 Dominica............................................................................................................................... 41 Miscellaneous Caribbean ........................................................................................................ 42 Brazil......................................................................................................................................... 43 Atlantic Africa Stock................................................................................................................ 44 Trend analysis on the observed number of nests and nesting females................................... 45 Regression analyses ................................................................................................................. 46 Bayesian statistical modeling................................................................................................... 47 Results......................................................................................................................................
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