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Incidence of Human Malaria Infection in District Karak

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Incidence of Human Malaria Infection in District Karak International Journal of Mosquito Research 2018; 5(4): 59-64 ISSN: 2348-5906 CODEN: IJMRK2 IJMR 2018; 5(4): 59-64 Incidence of human malaria infection in district © 2018 IJMR Received: 10-05-2018 Karak Accepted: 13-06-2018 Muhammad Zeeshan Muhammad Zeeshan, Muhammad Anwar, Sundas Navid, Maira Riaz, Department of Zoology, GPGC, Karak, KP, Pakistan Faiza Momin, Abdullah Aslam, Arshad Qayyum, Waheed Ur Rehman, Muhammad Anwar Abdullah Khan, Asad Ullah and Haleema Sadia Department of Zoology, GPGC, Karak, KP, Pakistan Abstract Sundas Navid The recent survey got accomplished to figure out the incidence of malaria infection in human population International Islamic University of district Karak. The study was planned in 14 different union councils of district Karak from September Islamabad (IIUI), Department of 2015 to August 2016. The malarial blood parasites were traced in 3849 suspected patients. Total of 3849 Centre for Interdisciplinary Research suspected cases of malaria were gleaned-out of 3849 cases 1491 (38.7%) turned positive for malarial in Basic Sciences parasites-out of total +ve cases 1302 (87.3%) were traced for P-vivax and 189 (12.6%) were identified as Maira Riaz P. Falciparum. This month wise study shows the highest of malaria from July to October. The infection Department of Microbiology, Kohat remained higher in males (79.5%). The age based survey reflect the 168 (24%) in age group 1-10, 619 University of Science & Technology, (41.7%) in age group 11-20 and 704 (42.1%) in age group 21-above. There was no single case of P. KUST, KP, Pakistan vivale and P. malaria was reported. There was found no link b/w malarial infection and age group. Faiza Momin Department of Microbiology, Kohat Keywords: Incidence, human malaria infection, accomplished, human population of district Karak University of Science & Technology, KUST, KP, Pakistan Introduction Abdullah Aslam Malaria is one of the most inimical disorders globally. In 2002, the clinical cases of malaria Department of Microbiology, Kohat reported world-wide were 311 million which lead only about 12% over that by the global University of Science & Technology, [1] KUST, KP, Pakistan burden of disease GDB programmes which were estimated at 273 million . About 660,000 victims died out of 219 million cases of malarial infections recorded-globally in 2010 [2]. Arshad Qayyum Department of Microbiology, Kohat Moreover the latent fatality of malaria is taken light & it is socially well known disorder in University of Science & Technology, malaria endemic countries. The misunderstanding of the infection rather than bio-medical KUST, KP, Pakistan consultation or inadequate information regarding its treatment lead to the use of corresponding [3, 4] Waheed Ur Rehman remedies and avoidance of systematic course of diets . The malarial mortality rate has Department of Zoology, Bacha Khan shown filiations by 25% as suggested by the world malaria report since 2000 [5]. The outcomes University, Charsada, KP, Pakistan of the malarial programmes can be best improved potentially by operational research (OR) [5-7]. Abdullah Khan On contrary to have elimination of malaria world wide a number of research schemes Arrazi Medical Complex Jeddah introduced by the research agenda. Street near Tamimi Camp. Al Arifi In Pakistan 50,000 deaths occur due to malaria Per-anum out of 500000 infections, provided area P.O. Box 2833 Al-Jubail 31951 [8, 9] Kingdom of Saudia Arabia that malarial programmes are in progress . In NWFP the cerebral malaria was studied and observed by Saleem et al (2006) to be more common in males but the most indomitable group Asad Ullah [10] Arrazi Medical Complex Jeddah was fecundated women . The ecological aspects of cerebral malaria were studied by Street near Tamimi Camp. Al Arifi Duraani et al 1997 in Quetta city and observed the mortality rate in patients reporting 64% Area P.O. box 2833 Al-Jubail 31951 cases of cerebral malaria in children and 36% in adults [11]. It was investigated by Mahmood Kingdom of Saudia Arabia (2005) in Karachi and various other localities of Sindh reporting [12] Haleema Sadia P-vivax to be two times more than P-Falciparum infection . Department of Biotechnology, To evaluate seasonal diversities of presentation model Bhalli and Sami Ullah in quested 120 Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering cases of falciparum at Multan C.M.H. A lofty incidence of the falciparum was marked from and Management Sciences, Quetta, August to November among troops [13]. A high incidence of P-vivax (62%) than P-falciparum Balochistan, Pakistan (36%) was recorded at the department of pediatrics CMH Multan by Jamal et al (2005) [14]. Malaria results from a histo-zooic parasite called plasmodium including four speciesP- Falciparum, P-vivax, P-ovale and P-malariae which are alienated by an infected mosquito bite Correspondence [15-17]. Malaria is caused when blood is socked from an infected person by a potent Muhammad Zeeshan Department of Zoology, GPGC, Karak, KP, Pakistan ~ 59 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research anopheles mosquito. The parasite moves to the mosquito’s gut is hot in summer and very cold in winter, it is a semi-arid where it passes various stages of life cycle then it moves to region [22]. salivary glands and thus parasite is inoculated in another The recent survey was made by adopting two strategies i.e. person while biting [18]. The P-vivax has acquired the passive case detection (PCD) and Active case detection increased temperature tolerance range and P-malariae has (ACD). similar adaptation to temperature range but its developmental In PCD the thick and thin blood smears were prepared by period inside mosquito is prolonged. The taking out of blood from patients attending general P-falciparum needs more temperature than P-vivax andP- headquarter hospital and civil hospital of district Karak. While malariae and it can’t reproduce below 19 ˚C [19]. in ACD the regular and routine visits were made on weekly The plasmodium for completion of its life cycle requires both basis to 8 various localities with a population more than 9000 human and mosquito host and thus establish a triad after consultation with the heads of that much inspected relationship of parasites, human and mosquito. Some locality. The prepared slides were then brought back to the researchers find these relationships very complicated but the laboratory for microscopic view to trace out the malarial plasmodia respond the biological and seasonal elves in human parasites using the keys furnished by the chiodni et al [23]. The host. In tropical regions where the mosquitoes are abundant slides were stained with Geisma’s technique adopting the throughout the year. The gametocyte formation may be keys furnished by Mansoor Bah and Bell in 1987 [24]. induced at the commencement of alienation period by the bite of uninfected mosquitoes [20]. The standard way of malaria Annual Blood Examination Rate (Aber) prognosis thick and thin Geisnia technique [21].The aim of the It is the proportion of the blood slide under consideration for current study was to find out the incidence of human malaria malaria in human population per anum. This is found out by infection in district Karak, KP, Pakistan. applying the given formula. Materials and Methods 푁푢푚푏푒푟표푓푠푙푖푑푒푠푒푥푎푚푖푛푒푑푝푒푟푦푒푎푟 퐴퐵퐸푅 = X100 This endemic study regarding malarial infection got 푇표푡푎푙푝표푢푙푎푡푖표푛푠푢푟푣푒푦푒푑 accomplished in January 2015 to October 2016. The case study was carried out by inspecting various localities of Slide Vivax Rate district Karak to trace out the nature of parasite in blood of the It involves the proportion of slides traced out for P-vivax out patients prognoses with malaria. of the total examined slides. Karak is the North-South district of KPK. It is situated at 70.40˚ to 71.30˚ at longitudes 32.48˚ to 33.23˚ north latitudes. 푁푢푚푏푒푟표푓푃. 푣푠푙푖푑푒푠 푆푉푅 = X100 The total area of district Karak is 3372 sq-km. the total 푇표푡푎푙퐸푥푎푚푖푛푒푑푠푙푖푑푒푠 population 4, 30,000. The Karak district is located at 600 to 1400 meters above the sea-level. The climate of district Karak Table 1: area-based infection of malaria S.NO Area Slides Examined % / No of +VE % of P.V % of P.F 1 Karak City 337 123 (36.4) 112 (91.0) 11 (8.9) 2 Sabir abad 272 97 (35.6) 90 (92.7) 7 (7.72) 3 Godi-Khel 362 177 (48.8) 165 (93.2) 12 (6.7) 4 Takht-e-Nasrati 288 102 (35.4) 86 (84.3) 16 (15.6) 5 Ahmad abad 297 109 (36.7) 89 (81.6) 20 (18.3) 6 Jahengeri 112 51 (45.5) 42 (82.3) 9 (17.6) 7 Latamber 242 104 (42.9) 91 (87.5) 13 (12.5) 8 Nari Panos 217 69 (31.7) 58 (84.0) 11 (15.9) 9 Jandri 367 166 (45.2) 152 (91.5) 14 (8.4) 10 Gurguri 369 89 (51.2) 173 (19.5) 16 (8.4) 11 Palosa Sar 292 78 (26.7) 62 (79.4) 16 (20.5) 12 Saraj Khel 213 73 (34.2) 59 (80.8) 14 (19.1) 13 Chokara 186 62 (33.4) 49 (79.0) 13 (20.9) 14 Miaki 295 91 (30.8) 74 (81.3) 17 (18.6) Total 3849 1491 (38.7) 1302 (87.3) 189 (12.6) 60 International Journal of Mosquito Research Table 2: Monthly-Based Infection of Malaria Month Slides Examined % Of +Ve P.V% P.F% September 597 189 (31.6) 178(94.2) 11 (5.9) October 442 172 (38.9) 149 (86.7) 23 (13.4) November 387 131 (33.8) 117 (89.4) 14 (10.7) December 309 106 (34.3) 91 (85.9) 15 (14.2) January 178 92 (51.6) 84 (91.4) 8 (8.7) February 98 38 (38.7) 27 (71.1) 11 (28.9) March 127 68 (53.5) 59 (86.8) 9 (13.3) April 168 77 (45.8) 65 (84.5) 12 (15.6) May 296 105 (35.4) 97 (92.4) 8 (7.7) June 338 118 (34.9) 102 (86.5) 16 (13.6) July 418 193 (46.1) 180 (93.3) 13 (6.8) August 491 202 (41.1) 193 (95.6) 9 (4.6) Total 3849 1491 (38.7) 1342 (90.01) 149 (9.90) Table 3: Age-Based Infection of Malaria S.NO AGE (years) S.
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