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Acoustic Neurinoma. See Vestibular Schwannomas Acquired

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Acoustic Neurinoma. See Vestibular Schwannomas Acquired 3601_e28index_p591-606 2/19/02 9:09 AM Page 591 Index Page numbers followed by “f” indicate figures; numbers followed by “t” indicate tables; “CF” indicates color figures. Acoustic neurinoma. See Vestibular schwannomas Amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome, 168 Acquired immunodeficiency disease (AIDS) Amifostine and neuroprotection, 407 lymphomatous meningitis and, 376 Amputation and cancer pain, 506–7 Acromegaly, 210 Amyloid neuropathy, 402 Acroparesthesia, 398 Analgesics. See also Cancer pain Acute radiation syndrome, 574–75 adjuvant drugs, 517t–518t, 524–25 Addiction and opioid analgesics, 523 nonopioid, 510–11, 510t Adenocarcinoma of anterior skull base, 316 opioid. See Opioid analgesics Adenohypophysis, 208. See also Pituitary tumors Anemia and behavioral changes, 560 Adenoid cystic carcinoma of anterior skull base, 316 Aneurysms, neoplastic, 457 Adenoma sebaceum and tuberous sclerosis, 96 Angiography, cerebral, 282–84, 283f Adenomas. See also Pituitary tumors Angiomas, cavernous, 20–21 imaging, 11, 14f Antibodies and paraneoplastic neurologic disease, 424, 425t Adjustment disorders, 578–79. See also Psychological issues Anticonvulsants, 576. See also Seizure, treatment for cancer pain, prevalence, 573 524–25 Adjuvant drugs. See also specific medications neurobehavioral changes, 560 adverse effects of, 559–60 Antidepressants, 579–81, 579t analgesic, 517t–518t, 524–25 Antiemetics Adrenal dysfunction after cancer treatment, 540 and seizures, 441 Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and syncope, 448 after cancer treatment, 538 Antihistamines and brain tumors, 259 measurements of, 212 Antipsychotic medications, 575–76, 576t neurotrophic effects, 406–7 Antoni type of schwannomas, 302 paraneoplastic, 538 Anxiety disorder, 578 and pituitary tumors, 209–10. See also Pituitary tumors pharmacotherapy for, 581–82, 581t treatment of, 223–25 Aphasia, 474 Advance directives, 583 Apoptosis in meningiomas, 274 Aggression, 575 Arrhythmias and neuropathy, 399 Alpha lipoic acid and neuroprotection, 407–8 Arterial spin tagging (AST), 44–46 Alpha-subunit-secreting adenomas, 219 Aseptic necrosis and chemotherapy, 508 Altered mental status, 543–56. See also Psychological issues L-asparaginase and cerebral infarction, 464 brain edema, 544–47, 545f and hemorrhage, 457, 459–60 causes, 543–44 Aspergillus and cerebral infarction, 463, 465 examination for, 544 Astrocytes. See also Astrocytomas herniation syndromes, 549–50, 549t histology, 85, 87f hydrocephalus, 547, 553–54 Astrocytomas. See also Astrocytomas, cerebral increased intracranial pressure, 547–49, 548t cerebellar pathophysiology, 543–44 diffuse infiltrating, 180 rehabilitation and, 473–74 pilocytic, 177–80, 177f–179f treatment, 550–54 malignancy and genetic alterations, 247, 247f corticosteroids, 552–53 optic pathway. See Gliomas, optic pathway hyperventilation, 551 p53-MDM2-p14ARF-p21 proteins and, 245, 246f osmotic diuretics, 551–52 pineal region, 205 591 3601_e28index_p591-606 2/19/02 9:09 AM Page 592 592 INDEX Astrocytomas (Continued) Balance abnormalities, rehabilitation of, 473 spinal Balance Master System, 473 clinical presentation, 150–52 “Balanced analgesia,” 497 epidemiology, 149–50 Barbiturates and brain tumors, 259 imaging, 150 Beer and brain tumors, 255–56 outcome, 155 Behavioral changes, 575. See also Cognitive function; Psychological radiotherapy, 154 issues surgical treatment, 152–54, 153f Benzodiazepines for anxiety, 581–82, 581t Astrocytomas, cerebral. See also Astrocytomas; Gliomas, cerebral Bereavement preparation, 583 anaplastic Betalactams and seizures, 442 characteristics, 91 Bisphosphonate drugs for bone pain, 509–10 chemotherapy, 110, 110t–111t Bladder management, 472, 476, 482–83 in adults, 120–22, 121t Bleomycin and hemorrhage, 457 in children, 119–20 Blood–brain barrier (BBB) combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 117–19, 117t, chemotherapy and, 334–36 118t dynamic susceptibility contrast and, 42, 52f radiotherapy, 112–17, 113t–115t Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast, 54–55 desmoplastic cerebral, 97–98 Bone infiltration and cancer pain, 498–500, 509–10 gemistocytic, 91 Bourneville’s disease, 96–97 histologic grading, 84–85, 86–90, 87f, 88t, 89f Bovine brain gangliosides, 406 hypothalamic, 158–67. See also Gliomas, optic pathway Bowel management, 472, 476, 482–83 imaging Brachial plexopathy, 415, 416f brain stem, 8, 10f and cancer pain, 502–3 “butterfly” pattern, 6f, 7 rehabilitation for, 477, 477t hypothalamic, 8, 9f Brachytherapy, interstitial, 114–15, 115t spinal, 22, 24f for meningiomas, 290–91 infiltrative Brain edema and altered mental status, 544–47, 545f. See also characteristics, 90–91 Hydrocephalus; Increased intracranial pressure imaging, 4–8, 4f–7f Brain stem tumors, 171–92. See also Posterior fossa tumors juvenile pilocytic imaging, 8, 10f characteristics, 94–96, 96f Brain tumors. See also Brain tumors, metastatic; Brain tumors, chemotherapy, 111–12 primary; Pineal region tumors; Posterior fossa tumors imaging, 7 cerebral hemorrhage from, 456–57, 458f radiotherapy, 110–11 treatment, 460 surgical treatment, 102–3 cerebral infarction from, 463–64 low-grade diagnosis, 466 chemotherapy, 109–10, 110t–111t treatment, 467 radiotherapy, 105–9, 106t, 110t–111t complications of, 471–74, 471t neurofibromatosis and, 25 etiology and epidemiology of, 252–66 outcome variables, 99 cellular telephones, 254–55 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas drugs and medications, 259 characteristics, 97 electromagnetic fields, 253–54 surgical treatment, 103 food and dietary factors, 255–56 subependymal giant cell genetic susceptibility, 259–62 characteristics, 97 industry and occupation, 256–58 imaging, 10–11, 13f ionizing radiation, 252–53 surgical treatment, 102–3 viruses, 258–59 tuberous sclerosis and, 96–97 imaging Atherosclerosis and cerebral infarction, 464–65 intraoperative, 78 Atrophy and neuropathy, 399 metastatic, 26–27, 29, 30f–36f Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, 172–73 primary, 4–22 Autoantibodies and paraneoplastic neurologic disease, 424, 425t single-photon emission computed tomography and, 61–65, Autonomic disorders. See Dysautonomia 62f, 64f–66f Avascular necrosis and rehabilitation, 479 neurobehavioral changes with, 557–58 Axonal pathophysiology, 400 neuropsychiatric effects of, 573–75 Axonal transport and neuropathy, 401 primary. See Brain tumors, primary rehabilitation for, 471–74, 471t and syncope, 449 b-factor value, 49 Brain tumors, metastatic, 321–40 Back pain and spinal metastases, 342, 344t, 500–501 chemotherapy, 334–36 3601_e28index_p591-606 2/19/02 9:09 AM Page 593 Index 593 clinical presentation, 326, 326t opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia, 431 imaging, 26–27, 29, 30f–36f, 326 post-mastectomy pain, 505–6 immunostaining, 324–25 Bromocriptine incidence, 321–22 for growth hormone-secreting adenomas, 221 pathology for prolactinomas, 216 microscopic features, 323–25, 324f Brown-Roberts-Wells frame, 77 sites, 322–23, 322f–323f Brown-Séquard syndrome, 344 pathophysiology, 325–26 Bulbar encephalomyelitis, paraneoplastic, 429 radiotherapy, 327–32 Bupropion for depression, 579t, 581 fractionation schemes, 328–29 “Butterfly” pattern of astrocytomas, 6f, 7 malignant melanoma, 330 postoperative, 328–29 Cabergoline prophylactic, 331 for adrenocorticotropin-secreting adenomas, 224 radiation sensitizers, 328 for growth hormone-secreting adenomas, 221 radiosurgery, 329–30 for prolactinomas, 216–17 re-irradiation, 330–31 Calcitonin for bone pain, 510 renal cell carcinoma, 330 Calcium channel blockers and neuroprotection, 408 side effects, 331–32 Caloric testing, 544 surgical treatment, 332–34 Cancer-associated retinopathy, 431–32 treatment, 327–36 Cancer pain, 493–535 Brain tumors, primary. See also specific tumors analgesic adjuvant drugs, 517t–518t, 524–25 choroid plexus papillomas and carcinomas, 131–34, 133f assessment, 495–98, 496t, 498t gliomas, 84–99. See also Astrocytomas; Gliobastoma multiforme; barriers to optimal treatment, 494–95 Gliomas increased intracranial pressure and, 550 pathology, 84–94 knowledge deficits, 495 radiotherapy and chemotherapy, 105–28 management of, 508–16 stereotactic-guided volumetric resections, 77, 99 bone pain, 509–10 surgical treatment, 76–84 COX-2 enzyme inhibitors, 510t, 511 biopsy, 76–77, 99 general principles of, 508–9 frameless navigational resection devices, 77–78 nonopioid analgesics, 510–11, 510t functional mapping-guided resection, 78–84, 80f–86f opioid analgesics, 511–16, 512t. See also Opioid analgesics impact of, 99–105 routes of analgesic delivery, 516–19, 517t–518t intraoperative localization, 78, 79f mechanisms of, 496–98, 496t outcome variables, 99–105 from metastases or trauma reoperation, 100 brachial plexopathy, 502–3 imaging, 4–22 leptomeningeal metastases, 504 primitive neuroectodermal tumors, 128–31 lumbosacral plexopathy, 503–4 symptoms and signs, 75–76 Pancoast tumors, 503 BrdU peripheral nerve, 501–4 labeling index, 91 neurosurgical and anesthetic approaches, 526–30 radiotherapy and, 107, 119 intrathecal/epidural analgesia, 528–29 Breakthrough pain, 497 nerve blocks, 527, 528t Breast cancers neurosurgical procedures, 529–30, 529t brachial plexopathy, 415 physical medicine approaches, 525–26 and cerebral infarction, 462, 463f prevalence, 493 and hemorrhage, 457, 458f rehabilitation for, 476, 484 and meningiomas, 272–73 specific syndromes, 498–501, 499t metastatic to brain bone infiltration, 498–500 histology, 323–24f cervical spine metastasis, 500 imaging, 35f lumbar spine metastasis, 500–501 incidence, 321 sacral metastasis, 500–501 sites, 322–23, 323f skull metastasis, 501 metastatic to leptomeninges, 376 therapy
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