Insects As a Sustainable Feed Ingredient in Pig and Poultry Diets - a Feasibility Study
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Effect of Using Insects As Feed on Animals: Pet Dogs and Cats
Wageningen Academic Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 2020;2020 online##(##): 1-11 ARTICLE IN PRESS Publishers SPECIAL ISSUE: Advancement of insects as food and feed in a circular economy Effect of using insects as feed on animals: pet dogs and cats G. Bosch1* and K.S. Swanson2,3,4 1Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands; 2Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; 3Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; 4Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; [email protected] Received: 20 July 2020 / Accepted: 19 October 2020 © 2020 Wageningen Academic Publishers OPEN ACCESS REVIEW ARTICLE Abstract The ‘buzz’ in society around insects has resulted in the appearance of insect-based pet food products on the market and more products are under development. This contribution aimed to provide background information on pet foods and the sector and to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding naturalness, palatability, nutritional quality, health effects, and sustainability of insects as feed for dogs and cats. In contrast to dogs, natural diets of cats commonly contain insects but contribution to the total biomass is <0.5% in most diets. Cats and dogs can have a different palate when it comes to insects and insect species and inclusion level influence the acceptance of the food. The apparent faecal N digestibility values for insect-based foods were in the range of foods containing conventional protein sources. -
Entomophagy: a Narrative Review on Nutritional Value, Safety, Cultural Acceptance and a Focus on the Role of Food Neophobia in Italy
Review Entomophagy: A Narrative Review on Nutritional Value, Safety, Cultural Acceptance and A Focus on the Role of Food Neophobia in Italy Elisabetta Toti 1,* , Luca Massaro 1, Aisha Kais 1, Paola Aiello 2,3, Maura Palmery 2 and Ilaria Peluso 1 1 Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00142 Rome, Italy; [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (I.P.) 2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; [email protected] (P.A.); [email protected] (M.P.) 3 Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-06-51494624 Received: 24 April 2020; Accepted: 1 June 2020; Published: 3 June 2020 Abstract: In recent years, the consumption of insects, or entomophagy, has produced an increasing interest amongst scientists and ecologists as a potential source of animal protein. Eating insects is also interesting in terms of low greenhouse gas emissions and low land use. In contrast to tropical countries, where most of the 2000 edible insect species are traditionally consumed, the concept of eating insects is still new to Western culture and diet. Culture and eating habits exert a great influence on what is considered edible in the Mediterranean area, especially in Italy, where the preservation of culinary traditions is a predominant factor affecting dietary behaviour. The purpose of this narrative paper is to provide an overview of the main topics related to entomophagy. -
Is Insect Protein a Sustainable Alternative to Soy and Fishmeal in Poultry Feed?
Is Insect Protein a Sustainable Alternative to Soy and Fishmeal in Poultry Feed? By Madeline A. Gaffigan University of Colorado at Boulder A thesis submitted to the University of Colorado at Boulder in partial fulfillment of the requirements to receive Honors designation in Environmental Studies May 2017 Thesis Advisors: Peter Newton, Environmental Studies, Chair Dale Miller, Environmental Studies, Honors Council Nancy Emery, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Committee 2017 by Madeline Gaffigan All rights reserved Abstract This thesis describes a research experiment examining the potential of Black Soldier Fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) (Diptera: Stratidomyidae) reared on local food waste to effectively feed poultry. Significantly less water and land is required to raise Black Soldier Fly larvae and fewer greenhouse gas emissions are generated, relative to the production of soy and fishmeal for animal feed industry. In order to account for the environmental pressure meat production puts on our environment, chickens were raised on Black Cat Farm in Longmont, CO using a more sustainable, insect-based, feed. At seven weeks of age, 127 chickens were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments (3 replicates and 14-15 birds per pen). Each chicken was weighed every three days using a fish scale and weighing basket. Feed weight was recorded using the same method; food and water were supplied ad libitum. Weights of chickens were averaged before analysis to overwrite inevitable variation between chicken and enclosure environments. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted on growth data to identify significant between treatments. After three weeks, there was no significant difference in growth rate, feed conversion, or mortality between the three feed types. -
A Parasitological Evaluation of Edible Insects and Their Role in the Transmission of Parasitic Diseases to Humans and Animals
RESEARCH ARTICLE A parasitological evaluation of edible insects and their role in the transmission of parasitic diseases to humans and animals 1 2 Remigiusz GaøęckiID *, Rajmund Soko ø 1 Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland, 2 Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract From 1 January 2018 came into force Regulation (EU) 2015/2238 of the European Parlia- ment and of the Council of 25 November 2015, introducing the concept of ªnovel foodsº, including insects and their parts. One of the most commonly used species of insects are: OPEN ACCESS mealworms (Tenebrio molitor), house crickets (Acheta domesticus), cockroaches (Blatto- Citation: Gaøęcki R, SokoÂø R (2019) A dea) and migratory locusts (Locusta migrans). In this context, the unfathomable issue is the parasitological evaluation of edible insects and their role in the transmission of parasitic diseases to role of edible insects in transmitting parasitic diseases that can cause significant losses in humans and animals. PLoS ONE 14(7): e0219303. their breeding and may pose a threat to humans and animals. The aim of this study was to https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219303 identify and evaluate the developmental forms of parasites colonizing edible insects in Editor: Pedro L. Oliveira, Universidade Federal do household farms and pet stores in Central Europe and to determine the potential risk of par- Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL asitic infections for humans and animals. -
GENERAL HOUSEHOLD PESTS Ants Are Some of the Most Ubiquitous Insects Found in Community Environments. They Thrive Indoors and O
GENERAL HOUSEHOLD PESTS Ants are some of the most ubiquitous insects found in community environments. They thrive indoors and outdoors, wherever they have access to food and water. Ants outdoors are mostly beneficial, as they act as scavengers and decomposers of organic matter, predators of small insects and seed dispersers of certain plants. However, they can protect and encourage honeydew-producing insects such as mealy bugs, aphids and scales that are feed on landscape or indoor plants, and this often leads to increase in numbers of these pests. A well-known feature of ants is their sociality, which is also found in many of their close relatives within the order Hymenoptera, such as bees and wasps. Ant colonies vary widely with the species, and may consist of less than 100 individuals in small concealed spaces, to millions of individuals in large mounds that cover several square feet in area. Functions within the colony are carried out by specific groups of adult individuals called ‘castes’. Most ant colonies have fertile males called “drones”, one or more fertile females called “queens” and large numbers of sterile, wingless females which function as “workers”. Many ant species exhibit polymorphism, which is the existence of individuals with different appearances (sizes) and functions within the same caste. For example, the worker caste may include “major” and “minor” workers with distinct functions, and “soldiers” that are specially equipped with larger mandibles for defense. Almost all functions in the colony apart from reproduction, such as gathering food, feeding and caring for larvae, defending the colony, building and maintaining nesting areas, are performed by the workers. -
Protein Transition in Colombia: Insects As Feed in a Circular Agriculture
Protein transition in Colombia: Insects as feed in a circular agriculture Marcel Dicke1, Yavanna Aartsma1, Karol B. Barragán-Fonseca2 1 Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands 2 Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia Report of Seed Money Project SMP2016, funded by Topsector Tuinbouw en Uitgangsmaterialen and Topsector Agri & Food Wageningen, December 2020 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. © The Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, 2020 The user may reproduce, distribute and share this work and make derivative works from it. Material by third parties which is used in the work and which are subject to intellectual property rights may not be used without prior permission from the relevant third party. The user must attribute the work by stating the name indicated by the author or licensor but may not do this in such a way as to create the impression that the author/licensor endorses the use of the work or the work of the user. The user may not use the work for commercial purposes. The Laboratory of Entomology accepts no liability for any damage resulting from the use of the results of this study or the application of the advice contained in it. Table of Contents Protein transition in Colombia: Insects as feed in a circular agriculture1 Foreword ........................................................................................................................................ -
New Canadian and Ontario Orthopteroid Records, and an Updated Checklist of the Orthoptera of Ontario
Checklist of Ontario Orthoptera (cont.) JESO Volume 145, 2014 NEW CANADIAN AND ONTARIO ORTHOPTEROID RECORDS, AND AN UPDATED CHECKLIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF ONTARIO S. M. PAIERO1* AND S. A. MARSHALL1 1School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1 email, [email protected] Abstract J. ent. Soc. Ont. 145: 61–76 The following seven orthopteroid taxa are recorded from Canada for the first time: Anaxipha species 1, Cyrtoxipha gundlachi Saussure, Chloroscirtus forcipatus (Brunner von Wattenwyl), Neoconocephalus exiliscanorus (Davis), Camptonotus carolinensis (Gerstaeker), Scapteriscus borellii Linnaeus, and Melanoplus punctulatus griseus (Thomas). One further species, Neoconocephalus retusus (Scudder) is recorded from Ontario for the first time. An updated checklist of the orthopteroids of Ontario is provided, along with notes on changes in nomenclature. Published December 2014 Introduction Vickery and Kevan (1985) and Vickery and Scudder (1987) reviewed and listed the orthopteroid species known from Canada and Alaska, including 141 species from Ontario. A further 15 species have been recorded from Ontario since then (Skevington et al. 2001, Marshall et al. 2004, Paiero et al. 2010) and we here add another eight species or subspecies, of which seven are also new Canadian records. Notes on several significant provincial range extensions also are given, including two species originally recorded from Ontario on bugguide.net. Voucher specimens examined here are deposited in the University of Guelph Insect Collection (DEBU), unless otherwise noted. New Canadian records Anaxipha species 1 (Figs 1, 2) (Gryllidae: Trigidoniinae) This species, similar in appearance to the Florida endemic Anaxipha calusa * Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed. -
The Contribution of Insects to Food Security, Livelihoods and the Environment 1
THE CONTRIBUTION OF INSECTS TO FOOD SECURITY, LIVELIHOODS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 1 WHAT IS ENTOMOPHAGY? WHY INSECTS? Entomophagy is the consumption of insects by humans. The use of insects as food and feed has many environmental, health and social/livelihood benefits. For example: Entomophagy is practised in many countries around the world but predominantly in parts of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Insects ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS supplement the diets of approximately 2 billion people and have always been a part of human diets. However, it is only recently • Insects have a high feed conversion efficiency because they are cold-blooded. Feed-to-meat conversion rates (how much feed is needed to produce a that entomophagy has captured the attention of the media, 1 kg increase in weight) vary widely depending on the class of the animal research institutions, chefs and other members of the food and the production practices used, but nonetheless insects are extremely industry, legislators and agencies dealing with food and feed. The efficient. On average, insects can convert 2 kg of feed into 1 kg of insect Edible Insects Programme at FAO also examines the potential of mass, whereas cattle require 8 kg of feed to produce 1 kg of body weight gain. arachnids (e.g. spiders and scorpions) for food and feed, although • The production of greenhouse gases by most insects is likely to be lower by definition these are not insects. than that of conventional livestock. For example, pigs produce 10– 100 times more greenhouse gases per kg of weight than mealworms. • Insects can feed on bio-waste, such as food and human waste, compost CAN INSECTS CONTRIBUTE TO FOOD AND and animal slurry, and can transform this into high-quality protein that FEED SECURITY? can be used for animal feed. -
Blattodea: Blattidae
Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural, 84: 203-205. 2020 ISSN 2013-3987 (online edition): ISSN: 1133-6889 (print edition)203 nota BREU NOTA BREU ¿Nueva cucaracha exótica establecida en la Península Ibérica? Confirmación de la presencia de Shelfordella lateralis (Walker, 1868) (Blattodea: Blattidae) en la Península Ibérica y primeros registros para Cataluña New exotic cockroach established in the Iberian Peninsula? Confirmation of the presence of Shelfordella lateralis (Walker, 1868) (Blattodea: Blattidae) in the Iberian Peninsula and first records for Catalonia Adrià Miralles-Núñez*, Carlos Pradera** & Álvaro Pérez-Gómez*** * Servicios Depec. Departamento de Entomología. Nena Casas, 71. 08017 Barcelona. ** Bionet. Finca el Macià. 08510 Masies de Roda. *** Sociedad Gaditana de Historia Natural. Madreselva s/n. 11408 Jerez. Autor para la correspondencia: Adrià Miralles-Núñez. A/e: [email protected] Rebut: 09.08.2020. Acceptat: 04.09.2020. Publicat: 30.09.2020 El orden de los blatodeos (Insecta: Blattodea) contiene de material militar y artículos domésticos desde Oriente Me- alrededor de 4500 especies de cucarachas (Ortuño & Martí- dio (Kim & Rust, 2013). A partir de ahí, se extendió a otras nez-Pérez, 2011) de las cuales, solo el 1 % (~50 especies), se regiones del país, como Arizona, Georgia, Nuevo México y han registrado en medios urbanos y pueden constituir plagas Texas (Petersen & Cobb, 2009). También se ha registrado en o causar efectos negativos hacia los humanos (Schal et al., Japón (Kimura et al., 2003) y México (Cueto-Medina et al., 1984). En el ámbito iberobalear se han registrado 66 especies 2015). En Europa e islas, los primeros registros se realiza- (Pascual, 2015; Bueno Marí et al., 2018; Pradera & Carce- ron en Cagliari, Cerdeña en 2007 (Cillo et al., 2009). -
Study Highlights Diversity of Arthropods Found in US Homes—From Swabs of Dust 1 November 2016, by Matt Shipman
Study highlights diversity of arthropods found in US homes—from swabs of dust 1 November 2016, by Matt Shipman improving our understanding of how those organisms in our homes may affect our health and quality of life." To collect nationwide data, the researchers recruited more than 700 households across all 48 states in the continental United States. Study participants swabbed dust from the top of a doorway inside their house or apartment. The swab was then sealed and sent to the research team, which used high-throughput DNA analysis to identify every genus of arthropod DNA found in the dust samples. "We found more than 600 genera of arthropods represented inside people's homes - not including food species, such as crabs and shrimp, which also Researchers used DNA testing to create an 'atlas' that showed up," Madden says. "That's an incredible shows the range and diversity of arthropods found in range of diversity from just a tiny swab of house homes across the continental United States. This scanning electron micrograph is of a home dust sample dust." collected as part of the project, including dust mites, animal fur, fibers, and pollen. Credit: Anne A. Madden, After analyzing the data, researchers identified with the assistance from Robert Mcgugan at the several variables that were associated with greater University of Colorado, Boulder Nanomaterials arthropod diversity: having cats or dogs in the Characterization Facility. False-coloring done by Robin home; having a home in a rural area; or having a Hacker-Cary. home with a basement. "Greater diversity does not necessarily mean greater abundance," Madden says. -
Determinants of Consumers' Acceptance of Insects As Food And
Determinants of consumers’ acceptance of insects as food and feed: A cross-cultural study. Ane Telles Sposito Gonçalves Neves Masters Degree in Consumption Science and Nutrition Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territory Planning 2015 Advisor Doctor Luís Miguel Cunha, Associate Professor, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto Todas as correções determinadas pelo júri, e só essas, foram efetuadas. O Presidente do Júri, Porto, ______/______/_________ i To my husband and my parents. ii Acknowledgements I would like to use this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to everyone who has supported me through these two years of study. This would have been much more difficult without your help and, for that, I am very thankful. Firstly and foremost, I am greatly thankful to my advisor Prof. Luis Miguel Cunha for his aspiring guidance, knowledgeable advices, invaluably constructive criticism, and sustained motivation throughout this project. I am extremely grateful for all the knowledge he has transmitted to me. I would like to thank him for making possible for me to participate in such an inspiring project. I would also like to express my gratitude for his kindness and patience with me at all times. Likewise, I would like to thank all my other Professors: Prof. Marial Daniel Vaz de Almeida, Prof. Pedro Moreira, Dr. Pedro Graça, Dr. Ada Rocha, Dr. Sara Rodrigues, Dr. Jorge Queiroz, Dr. Susana Fonseca, Prof. Olivia Pinho, Dr. Mário Cunha for all the knowledge transmitted during these two memorable years. I also thank my friend Diana Pereira for her companionship during these 2 years. She has most definitely made this time less lonely and more pleasant. -
Cockroach IPM in Schools Janet Hurley, ACE Extension Program Specialist III What Are Cockroaches?
Cockroach IPM in schools Janet Hurley, ACE Extension Program Specialist III What are cockroaches? • Insects in the Order Blattodea • gradual metamorphosis • flattened bodies • long antennae • shield-like pronotum covers head • spiny legs • Over 3500 species worldwide • 5 to 8 commensal pest species Medical Importance of Cockroaches • Vectors of disease pathogens • Food poisoning • Wound infection • Respiratory infection • Dysentery • Allergens • a leading asthma trigger among inner city youth Health issues • Carriers of disease pathogens • Mycobacteria, Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Flavobacter • Key focus of health inspectors looking for potential contaminants and filth in food handling areas Cockroaches • No school is immune • Shipments are • Visitors Everywhere • Students Cockroach allergies • 37% of inner-city children allergic to cockroaches (National Cooperative Inner-City Asthma Study) • Increased incidence of asthma, missed school, hospitalization • perennial allergic rhinitis Not all cockroaches are created equal Four major species of cockroaches • German cockroach • American cockroach • Oriental cockroach • Smoky brown cockroach • Others • Turkestan cockroach • brown-banded cockroach • woods cockroach German cockroach, Blatella germanica German cockroach life cycle German cockroach • ½ to 5/8” long (13-16 mm) • High reproductive rate • 30-40 eggs/ootheca • 2 months from egg to adult • Do not fly • Found indoors in warm, moist areas in kitchens and bathrooms German