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China BRI: O El Nuevo Camino De La Seda

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China BRI: O El Nuevo Camino De La Seda China BRI: o el nuevo camino de la seda China: BRI o el nuevo camino de la seda Arturo Oropeza García Coordinador UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES JURÍDICAS DR. PEDRO SALAZAR UGARTE Director DRA. ISSA LUNA PLA Secretaria Académica LIC. RÁUL MÁRQUEZ ROMERO Secretario Técnico China: BRI o el nuevo camino de la seda Arturo Oropeza García, Coordinador Primera edición: 2018 © 2018, Instituto para el Desarrollo Industrial y el Crecimiento Económico , A.C. © 2018, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México / Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas Circuito Maestro Mario de la Cueva s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, México, D.F. Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 ISBN: 978-607-97629-3-3 Las opiniones expresadas en este libro son responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores y no reflejan necesariamente la posición de las instituciones a las que pertenecen. Queda rigurosamente prohibida, sin autorización escrita del titular del derecho, la reproducción o distribución total o parcial de esta obra por cualquier medio o procedimiento, bajo las sanciones establecidas por la ley. Impreso y hecho en México / Printed and made in Mexico INSTITUTO PARA EL DESARROLLO INDUSTRIAL Y EL CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO Ing. RAÚL GUTIÉRREZ MUGUERZA Presidente Dr. ARTURO OROPEZA GARCÍA Vicepresidente Lic. JUAN ANTONIO REBOULEN Secretario Tesorero Dr. JOSÉ LUIS DE LA CRUZ GALLEGOS Director General Lic. JESÚS ALBERTO CANO VÉLEZ Vocal Mtro. MAURICIO DE MARÍA Y CAMPOS Vocal Ing. MIGUEL LEÓN GARZA Vocal Ing. MAURICIO MILLÁN Vocal Dra. ALICIA PUYANA Vocal Dr. JOSÉ ANTONIO ROMERO Vocal Mtro. FRANCISCO SUÁREZ DÁVILA Vocal Dr. RENÉ VILLAREAL Vocal 2018, Instituto para el Desarrollo Industrial y el Crecimiento Económico, A. C. Índice 17 Introducción ARTURO OROPEZA GARCÍA Investigador del Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, UNAM I. Una visión desde China 23 Practical measure to push forward China-SPC BRI Cooperation CHEN XIAOCHEN Director of International Studies Department of Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at Renmin University of China (RDCY). (China) CHANG YUDI Intern reseach fellow, Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies, Renmin University of China WANG LIANgyING Student at School of International Studies, Renmin University of China 41 Las iniciativas chinas de Una Franja y Una Ruta y El Foro de Cooperación Internacional de la Franja y la Ruta XU SHICHENG Miembro honorario de la Academia China de Ciencias Sociales (CASS), e investigador y profesor titular del Instituto de Estudios Latinoamericanos, CASS. (China) 57 The One Belt and One Road Initiative: beyond the world trading system LI XIXIA Associate Professor in International Law, Institute of International Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS). (China) 83 The importance of the One Belt One Road chinese initiative and its features SUN JIE Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS). (China) 97 Is China reshaping its neighboring environment through the Belt and Road Initiative? LIN MINwaNG Deputy Director of the Center for South Asia Studies, Fudan University. (China) II. Una visión desde América 121 OBOR o el nuevo Camino de la Seda. Consideraciones generales desde la Segunda Reforma y Apertura China ARTURO OROPEZA GARCÍA Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, UNAM . (México) 169 2025-30. Historia de dos mundos: América Latina ante “La Franja y la Ruta” CARLOS JUAN MONETA Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero (UNTREF). (Argentina) 197 Legal risks in financing “One Belt and One Road”: China’s dilemma DONGSHENG ZANG Associate Professor of Law, Director of Asian Law Center, University of Washington School of Law .(Estados Unidos) 219 La Franja y la Ruta: algunas reflexiones desde América Latina SEBASTIÁN HERREROS Oficial de Asuntos Económicos, División de Comercio Internacional e Integración, Comisión para América Latina y El Caribe (CEPAL). (Chile) III. Una visión desde México 245 OBOR-NRGS, el Proyecto chino para el siglo XXI: alcance global JUAN GONZÁLEZ GARCÍA Coordinador del Claustro Económico de la Universidad de Colima. (México) 271 El lanzamiento de la iniciativa OBOR y su posible impacto en el orden global ANA TERESA GUTIÉRREZ DEL CID Área de Política internacional, Departamento de Política y Cultura. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.(México) 299 Una Franja, una Ruta: avances y principales características en Asia Central EDUARDO TZILI-APANGO Profesor-investigador de tiempo completo en el Departamento de Política y Cultura de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. (México) 315 La Inminencia del Belt and Road Initiative en América Latina: perspectiva desde Brasil, Chile y México ARTURO OROPEZA CASAS Maestro en Derecho Económico por la Universidad de Stanford y Asociado Foráneo en King & Spalding. (México) CATARINA DACOSTA FREITAS Maestra en Derecho Económico por la Universidad de Stanford y Asociada Foránea en Jones Day. (Brasil) DIEGO RAMOS BASCUNAN Maestro en Derecho Económico por la Universidad de Stanford y Asociado en Pellegrini y Cía. (Chile) IV. Una visión desde Asia 333 China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): an indonesian perspective EVI FITRIANI Head, Miriam Budiardjo Resource Center (MBRC)Senior Lecturer, International Relations Department Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (FISIP), Universitas Indonesia. (Indonesia) 349 Belt and Road Initiative and its impact on central Asia KEMEL TOKTOMUSHEV Research Fellow, Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Central Asia, Kyrgyz Republic .(Kyrgyzstan) 357 China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’ in South Asia: economic considerations from India and Pakistan JABIN T. JACOB Fellow,Institute of Chinese Studies and Associate Editor, China Report.Delhi (India) 373 China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Sri Lanka JANaka WIjayasIRI Research Fellow and Head of International Economic Policy Research at Institute of Policy Studies. (Sri Lanka) NUwaNTHI SENARATNE Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka 403 OBOR project: the case of Russia SVETlaNA P. GLINKINA Professor, Head of the Academic Department of International Economic and Political Studies, Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences.(Rusia) ARTEM YAKOVLEV Junior researcher, Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Assistant of General Economic Theory chair 421 The OBOR initiative within the framework of the Russia- China relationship NIKOlay SHKOlyaR Economic adviser Embassy of Russia in Mexico, professor and PhD in International Economics. (Rusia) IRINA SHKOlyaR Head of International Department, Russian Academy of Foreign Trade 435 One Belt One Road: an asian perspective BADAR Alam IQBAL Professor School of economics and Finance Monarch University (Zug) Switzerland. (India) ARTI YADAV Professor, Department of Commerce, Daulat Ram College University of Delhi, India 449 The OBOR Project. Economic Initiatives around Afghanistan. Cooperation or competitions between stakeholders SayED MAHDI MUNADI Former Researcher at Center for Strategic Studies, MFA, Afghanistan; currently Patron of “Center for Afghanistan and Asia Studies”(CAAS) Kabul. (Afghanistan) 473 One Belt One Road: the India perspective PULIN B. Nayak Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics. (India) “Hace más de 2.000 años, nuestros ancestros impulsados por un de- seo de amistad, abrieron las Rutas de la Seda terrestres y marítimas, con lo que comenzó una gran era de intercambios entre civilizaciones. Hoy, nos reunimos aquí para renovar el espíritu de la Ruta de la Seda y para discutir el desarrollo de la Franja y la Ruta para la cooperación internacional. Esto constituye tanto una continuación de nuestro lega- do compartido como una decisión correcta para el futuro. La Iniciativa de la Franja y la Ruta materializa la aspiración de intercambio entre civilizaciones, el anhelo de la paz y de la estabilidad, la búsqueda del desarrollo común y el sueño compartido de una vida mejor. Nos en- contramos en un punto de inicio nuevo, listos para emprender un nuevo viaje juntos. ” XI JINPING, mayo de 2017 Introducción La primera apertura y reforma china en 1978 se produce como un acto obligado, como una alternativa exógena que ayudara a paliar los graves rezagos sociales de comida, vestido y techo que padecía la población china como consecuencia de la insuficiencia económica de su periodo post revolucionario. En su milenaria trayectoria, como la sociedad viva más antigua de la tierra, China nunca lo había hecho y su salida, todo un acontecimiento, generó innume- rables inquietudes tanto en su vida interna, como para una sociedad global que ya se había olvidado de su importancia y de su éxito histórico. La primera reforma y apertura china, orientada hacia su fortaleza estratégica del Pacifico, se manejó a manera de experimento en una órbita económica que no conocía. A pesar de ello, China manejó su apertura con gran talento, a pesar de su debilidad estructural y financiera y de su falta de experiencia de habitar el mundo capitalista del desarrollo y del mercado. Después de 40 años los éxitos económicos, sociales y políticos de su deci- sión de abrirse al mundo global de su época están fuera de duda y son del todo conocidos. De la China de Deng Xiaoping de 1978, que lanza un proyecto de reforma global en el marco de su debilidad económica y grandes necesidades sociales, en 2012 pasamos a una China de Xi Jinping, la cual en la línea de su impactante éxito económico y geopolítico, nos avisa informalmente de una segunda etapa de reformas y apertura, ahora hacia el Oeste, a través del lanzamiento del proyecto OBOR (One
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