DOCSLIB.ORG

Wheelmap: the Wheelchair Accessibility Crowdsourcing Platform Amin Mobasheri1* , Jonas Deister2 and Holger Dieterich2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wheelmap: the Wheelchair Accessibility Crowdsourcing Platform Amin Mobasheri1* , Jonas Deister2 and Holger Dieterich2 Mobasheri et al. Open Geospatial Data, Software and Standards (2017) 2:27 Open Geospatial Data, DOI 10.1186/s40965-017-0040-5 Software and Standards SOFTWARE Open Access Wheelmap: the wheelchair accessibility crowdsourcing platform Amin Mobasheri1* , Jonas Deister2 and Holger Dieterich2 Abstract Crowdsourcing (geo-) information and participatory GIS are among the current hot topics in research and industry. Various projects are implementing participatory sensing concepts within their workflow in order to benefit from the power of volunteers, and improve their product quality and efficiency. Wheelmap is a crowdsourcing platform where volunteers contribute information about wheelchair-accessible places. This article presents information about the technical framework of Wheelmap, and information on how it could be used in projects dealing with accessibility and/or multimodal transportation. Keywords: Wheelmap, OpenStreetMap, Open data, Crowdsourcing, VGI, Accessibility Introduction provide information for other users on how accessible Wheelmap - a map for wheelchair-accessible places is an a destination is. Thereby, the map contributes to an initiative of the Sozialhelden, a grassroots organisation active and diversified lifestyle for wheelchair users. from Berlin, Germany. On Wheelmap1 everyone from all People with rollators or buggies benefit from this tool over the world can find and add places and rate them by as well. Furthermore, the aim of Wheelmap is to using a traffic light system. The map, which is available make owners of wheelchair-inaccessible public places since 2010, shall help wheelchair users and people with aware of the problem. They should be encouraged to mobility impairments to plan their day more effectively. reflect on and improve the accessibility of their Currently, more than 800,000 cafés, libraries, swimming premises. pools, and many more public places have been captured. As mentioned earlier, Wheelmap is based on Open- While the majority of the places which have been added StreetMap, an open, editable map of the digital open so far are located in Germany, the mapping platform source map of the world. Everyone can search for works globally, as it is based on OpenStreetMap (OSM). places and – provided they have been tagged – get in- The Wheelmap interface is available in Arabic, Danish, formation about how easily accessible the places are. German, Greek, English, Spanish, French, Icelandic, Those who sign up as a user are able to add and rate Italian, Japanese, Swedish, Turkish, Korean, and Polish. new places. An easy traffic light system marks the Wheelchairs or purpose-built cars on the one hand, wheelchair accessibility of a place: Green signifies an elevators and ramps on the other allow people with unrestricted access – e.g. because there are no steps or mobility impairments to plan their day independently there is a permanent ramp, an elevator or other tools to a great extent. But frequently, the last meters de- which allow the entrance. Places which are orange- cide whether the trip to the cinema, beer garden or colored have no toilets but might have a foldable ramp supermarket was worth the effort. Just one single step for example. Places which are red-colored are not ac- at the entrance can be an insurmountable obstacle, cessible for wheelchair users. In general, the more and this is where Wheelmap comes into play. Users people join Wheelmap and add places the more precise and informative the map gets. Sozialhelden is an incorporated, not for profit soci- * Correspondence: [email protected] ety, located in Berlin, Germany. In addition to a small 1GIScience research group, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, paid staff, it comprises a network of volunteers en- Heidelberg, Germany gaging in various activities regarding social justice. It Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Mobasheri et al. Open Geospatial Data, Software and Standards (2017) 2:27 Page 2 of 7 is financed by taking part in contests, by receiving among other possibilities, can be used by volunteers donations from public and private sponsors, and by to enrich accessibility information in OpenStreetMap. supporting Wheelmap-related activities of social Wheelmap has had a great influence in research pro- engagement. jects. Several studies have used or cited Wheelmap as The main objective is to gather information about the one of the main crowdsourcing platforms in the ac- accessibility of public places (points of interest, POI). cessibility domain [18, 19, 25–31]. Hence, this study Everyone is invited to participate and provide their own aims to introduce this platform for a better under- tagging of places on an OSM-based map at the Wheel- standing and usage in future studies. map website. Implementation Background Wheelmap architecture In the past decade, OpenStreetMap in particular, and Technically, Wheelmap currently comprises two Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in general, major applications (Fig. 1). One is the publicly avail- have gained special attention in various research able platform for collaborative tagging, and the other projects. Such free and open datasets have been used in is a platform for developers so that they can test new several application domains including routing and navi- functionality and quality-check new data sources (e.g. gation [1–4], transportation studies [5, 6], urban and sponsored data) before applying it to the live server. environmental challenges [7, 8], as well as disaster man- Wheelmap provides a RESTful API to access and agement [9]. maintain the Wheelmap relevant data within OSM. So far, several efforts have been done regarding The REST requests are to be authorized by an api_- research studies specifically addressing accessibility key, which can be obtained for a Wheelmap account. issues using crowdsourced datasets. This is while Such an account is based on a valid OSM account. there are still research gaps in developing an efficient Registration for Wheelmap is offered at Wheelmap’s framework for accessible transportation. For instance, 2 login website. in one of the early works, Prandi et al., [10] explored the potentials of the crowdsourcing communities in improving data access and services in the field of dis- Resources at GitHub able pedestrian mobility. Similar works have been Public applications and components of Wheelmap are followed by [11–19]. Among those, mPASS [19] pre- hosted as open source at GitHub. sents a valuable mobile pervasive accessibility social Besides the standard web interface, the main applica- sensing framework. mPASS collects data about urban tions for the mobile collaborative crowd-sourcing process and building accessibility to provide personalized are (Fig. 2): paths. Their framework is similar to Wheelmap, be- sides the fact that Wheelmap only focuses on access- Wheelmap-android – An android app for ible points of interests (building, toilets, etc.), while Wheelmap, with full editing and search capabilities, mPASS also considers accessible routes. In another direction pointers as well as a tablet version. study, Salomoni et, al. [16] present the results of field Wheelmap-iPhone – An iOS version of Wheelmap trials with mobile applications that employing differ- ent gamification mechanisms. The authors conclude Recently added functionality includes helpful services that some of the apps are able to drive users to pro- such as: vide more contributions. Further discussions on their study can be found at [16]. Users can add images to a place. Images can be added A main concern regarding using crowdsourced data- from either the camera or from the photo album. sets such as OpenStreetMap is the level of quality The “Get engaged” function shows unmarked places they carry [20]. Several methods exists in assessing nearby. VGI data quality [21]. Among the studies carried out Users can share the link to any place on Wheelmap.org on using VGI data for urban accessibility, some of via Facebook, Twitter, email and SMS. them evaluate, argue and enrich the fitness for Users can ask their network and friends via purpose of this data source [22–24]. For instance, Facebook, Twitter and email if they know the Mobasheri et, al. [23] evaluates the completeness of wheelchair accessibility of an unmarked place and sidewalk information (as well as other relevant data can tag it accordingly. for accessibility) in OpenStreetMap database and The “Route” function shows users a route from discusses the lack of data completeness with applying their current position to a certain place on extrinsic and intrinsic data analysis. Wheelmap, Wheelmap.org. In the list view, a user can see Mobasheri et al. Open Geospatial Data, Software and Standards (2017) 2:27 Page 3 of 7 Fig. 1 The two Wheelmap applications with the Sandbox Developers’ Playground (left), and the live operational platform (right) how far away a place is from the current position Server versions, and standard and high-resolution of the user. versions of the PNG renders. Technologies The RESTful API Wheelmap, as well as OSM, is a Ruby on Rails3 ap- The publicly documented RESTful API of Wheelmap plication. Wheelmap therefore has created a ruby is the most appropriate component to integrate gem4 client, named Rosemary, to easily access the Wheelmap data and facilities into new or foreign ap- current OpenStreetMap API. Furthermore, Maki5 is a plications (Table 1). point of interest icon set made especially for use with Development and testing of applications is done MapBox maps. Each icon is designed 3 times for 12, against a sandbox branch of OSM, which is accessed 18, and 24 pixels wide/tall. Style files6 for ArcGIS by the RESTful Wheelmap API at http://staging.wheel- 10.1+ are available, including both Desktop and map.org/api/.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mobile Application Development Mapbox - a Commercial Mapping Service Using Openstreetmap
    Mobile Application Development Mapbox - a commercial mapping service using OpenStreetMap Waterford Institute of Technology October 19, 2016 John Fitzgerald Waterford Institute of Technology, Mobile Application Development Mapbox - a commercial mapping service using OpenStreetMap 1/16 OpenStreetMap An open source project • OpenStreetMap Foundation • A non-profit organisation • Founded in 2004 by Steve Coast • Over 2 million registered contributors • Primary output OpenStreetMap data Waterford Institute of Technology, Mobile Application Development Mapbox - a commercial mapping service using OpenStreetMap 2/16 OpenStreetMap An open source project • Various data collection methods: • On-site data collection using: • paper & pencil • computer • preprinted map • cameras • Aerial photography Waterford Institute of Technology, Mobile Application Development Mapbox - a commercial mapping service using OpenStreetMap 3/16 MapBox Competitor to Google Maps • Provides commercial mapping services. • OpenStreetMap a data source for many of these. • Large provider of custom online maps for websites. • Clients include Foursquare, Financial Times, Uber. • But also NASA and some proprietary sources. • Startup 2010 • Series B round funding 2015 $52 million • Contrast Google 2015 profit $16 billion Waterford Institute of Technology, Mobile Application Development Mapbox - a commercial mapping service using OpenStreetMap 4/16 MapBox Software Development Kits (SDKs) • Web apps • Android • iOS • JavaScript (browser & node) • Python Waterford Institute of Technology,
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison of Feature Density for Large Scale Online Maps
    DOI: 10.14714/CP97.1707 PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE A Comparison of Feature Density for Large Scale Online Maps Michael P. Peterson (he/him) University of Nebraska at Omaha [email protected] Large-scale maps, such as those provided by Google, Bing, and Mapbox, among others, provide users an important source of information for local environments. Comparing maps from these services helps to evaluate both the quality of the underlying spatial data and the process of rendering the data into a map. The feature and label density of three different mapping services was evaluated by making pairwise comparisons of large-scale maps for a series of random areas across three continents. For North America, it was found that maps from Google had consistently higher feature and label den- sity than those from Bing and Mapbox. Google Maps also held an advantage in Europe, while maps from Bing were the most detailed in sub-Saharan Africa. Maps from Mapbox, which relies exclusively on data from OpenStreetMap, had the lowest feature and label density for all three areas. KEYWORDS: Web Mapping Services; Multi-Scale Pannable (MSP) maps; OpenStreetMap; Application Programming Interface (API) INTRODUCTION One of the primary benefits of using online map Since the introduction of the technique in 2005 by services like those available from Google, Bing, and Google, all major online map providers have adopted the OpenStreetMap, is that zooming-in allows access to same underlying technology. Vector data is projected and large-scale maps. Maps at these large scales are not avail- divided into vector tiles at multiple scales. The tile bound- able to most (if any) individuals from any other source.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Openstreetmap Data Peter Mooney* and Marco Minghini† *Department of Computer Science, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co
    CHAPTER 3 A Review of OpenStreetMap Data Peter Mooney* and Marco Minghini† *Department of Computer Science, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland, [email protected] †Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy Abstract While there is now a considerable variety of sources of Volunteered Geo- graphic Information (VGI) available, discussion of this domain is often exem- plified by and focused around OpenStreetMap (OSM). In a little over a decade OSM has become the leading example of VGI on the Internet. OSM is not just a crowdsourced spatial database of VGI; rather, it has grown to become a vast ecosystem of data, software systems and applications, tools, and Web-based information stores such as wikis. An increasing number of developers, indus- try actors, researchers and other end users are making use of OSM in their applications. OSM has been shown to compare favourably with other sources of spatial data in terms of data quality. In addition to this, a very large OSM community updates data within OSM on a regular basis. This chapter provides an introduction to and review of OSM and the ecosystem which has grown to support the mission of creating a free, editable map of the whole world. The chapter is especially meant for readers who have no or little knowledge about the range, maturity and complexity of the tools, services, applications and organisations working with OSM data. We provide examples of tools and services to access, edit, visualise and make quality assessments of OSM data. We also provide a number of examples of applications, such as some of those How to cite this book chapter: Mooney, P and Minghini, M.
    [Show full text]
  • Navegação Turn-By-Turn Em Android Relatório De Estágio Para A
    INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO DE COIMBRA INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DE COIMBRA Navegação Turn-by-Turn em Android Relatório de estágio para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Informática e Sistemas Autor Luís Miguel dos Santos Henriques Orientação Professor Doutor João Durães Professor Doutor Bruno Cabral Mestrado em Engenharia Informática e Sistemas Navegação Turn-by-Turn em Android Relatório de estágio apresentado para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Informática e Sistemas Especialização em Desenvolvimento de Software Autor Luís Miguel dos Santos Henriques Orientador Professor Doutor João António Pereira Almeida Durães Professor do Departamento de Engenharia Informática e de Sistemas Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra Supervisor Professor Doutor Bruno Miguel Brás Cabral Sentilant Coimbra, Fevereiro, 2019 Agradecimentos Aos meus pais por todo o apoio que me deram, Ao meu irmão pela inspiração, À minha namorada por todo o amor e paciência, Ao meu primo, por me fazer acreditar que nunca é tarde, Aos meus professores por me darem esta segunda oportunidade, A todos vocês devo o novo rumo da minha vida. Obrigado. i ii Abstract This report describes the work done during the internship of the Master's degree in Computer Science and Systems, Specialization in Software Development, from the Polytechnic of Coimbra - ISEC. This internship, which began in October 17 of 2017 and ended in July 18 of 2018, took place in the company Sentilant, and had as its main goal the development of a turn-by- turn navigation module for a logistics management application named Drivian Tasks. During the internship activities, a turn-by-turn navigation module was developed from scratch, while matching the specifications indicated by the project managers in the host entity.
    [Show full text]
  • Location Platform Index: Mapping and Navigation
    Location Platform Index: Mapping and Navigation Key vendor rankings and market trends: June 2019 update Publication Date: 05 Aug 2019 | Product code: CES006-000085 Eden Zoller Location Platform Index: Mapping and Navigation Summary In brief Ovum's Location Platform Index provides an ongoing assessment and subsequent ranking of the major vendors in the location platform market, with particular reference to the mapping and navigation space. The index evaluates each vendor based on two main criteria: the completeness of its platform and the platform's market reach. It considers the core capabilities of the location platform along with the information that the platform opens up to developers and the wider location community. The index provides an overview of the market and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the leading players. It also highlights the key trends in the mapping space that vendors must keep up with if they want to stay ahead of the game. Ovum view . There are fresh opportunities for location data and services in the consumer domain. The deepening artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities of smartphones are enabling more immersive applications and experiences that can be further enhanced by location capabilities, such as the use of location to enrich augmented reality (AR) shopping applications or enhance contextual gaming. At the same time, AI assistants will draw more deeply on location data, not just on smartphones but also via AI assistants integrated with other connected platforms, including vehicles. Ovum predicts that the global installed base of AI assistants across all device types will grow from 2.39 billion in 2018 to 8.73 billion by the end of 2024.
    [Show full text]
  • Corporate Editors in the Evolving Landscape of Openstreetmap
    International Journal of Geo-Information Article Corporate Editors in the Evolving Landscape of OpenStreetMap Jennings Anderson 1,* , Dipto Sarkar 2 and Leysia Palen 1,3 1 Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; [email protected] 3 Department of Information Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 18 April 2019; Accepted: 14 May 2019; Published: 18 May 2019 Abstract: OpenStreetMap (OSM), the largest Volunteered Geographic Information project in the world, is characterized both by its map as well as the active community of the millions of mappers who produce it. The discourse about participation in the OSM community largely focuses on the motivations for why members contribute map data and the resulting data quality. Recently, large corporations including Apple, Microsoft, and Facebook have been hiring editors to contribute to the OSM database. In this article, we explore the influence these corporate editors are having on the map by first considering the history of corporate involvement in the community and then analyzing historical quarterly-snapshot OSM-QA-Tiles to show where and what these corporate editors are mapping. Cumulatively, millions of corporate edits have a global footprint, but corporations vary in geographic reach, edit types, and quantity. While corporations currently have a major impact on road networks, non-corporate mappers edit more buildings and points-of-interest: representing the majority of all edits, on average. Since corporate editing represents the latest stage in the evolution of corporate involvement, we raise questions about how the OSM community—and researchers—might proceed as corporate editing grows and evolves as a mechanism for expanding the map for multiple uses.
    [Show full text]
  • Google Directions Api Ios
    Google Directions Api Ios Aloetic Wendall always enumerated his catching if Lucas is collectible or stickings incapably. How well-warranted is Wilton when bullate and appropriated Gordan outmode some sister-in-law? Pneumatic and edificatory Freemon always rubric alternatively and enticed his puttiers. Swift programming language is calculated by google directions api credentials will be billed differently than ever since most Google Maps Draw was Between Markers Elena Plebani. Google also started to memory all API calls to pile a valid API key which has shall be. Both businesses and customers mutually benefit from acid free directions API and county paid APIs. So open now available for mobile app launches cloud project, redo and start by. You can attach a google directions api ios apps radio buttons, ios for this. While using an api pricing model by it can use this means that location on google directions api ios for ios apps. Creating google directions api makes it was determined to offsite meeting directions service that location plots in this. To draw geometric shape on google directions api ios swift github, ios apps with a better than ever having read about trying pesticide after that can spot a separate word and. Callback when guidance was successfully sent too many addresses with google directions api ios and other answers from encoded strings. You ever see a list as available APIs and SDKs. Any further explanation on party to proceed before we are freelancers would want great. Rebuild project focused on the travel time i want to achieve the route, could help enhance the address guide on a pair, api google directions.
    [Show full text]
  • Caching Maps and Vector Tile Layers: Best Practices Garima Tiwari
    Caching Maps and Vector Tile Layers: Best Practices Garima Tiwari Tommy Fauvell @CartoRedux https://esri.box.com/v/CachingReadAhead Caching Best Practices | Goals for Today • Differences between Raster Tiles and Vector Tiles • Picking a format • Best ways to cook each • How to share them • How to consume them Creating, Using, and Maintaining Tile Services WORKSHOP LOCATION TIME FRAME Tuesday, 10 July • ArcGIS Pro: Creating Vector Tiles • SDCC – 17B • 10:00 am – 11:00 am • Caching Maps and Vector Tile Layers: Best Practices • SDCC – 10 • 2:30 pm – 3:30 pm • Working With OGC WMS and WMTS • SDCC – Esri Showcase: Interoperability • 4:30 pm – 4:50 pm and Standards Spotlight Theater Wednesday, 11 July • ArcGIS for Python: Managing Your Content • SDCC – Demo Theater 01 • 11:15 am – 12:00 pm • ArcGIS Online: Three-and-a-Half Ways to Create Tile Services • SDCC – Demo Theater 06 • 1:15 pm – 2:00 pm • Understanding and Styling Vector Basemaps • SDCC – 15B • 2:30 pm – 3:30 pm • Working With OGC WMS and WMTS • SDCC – Esri Showcase: Interoperability • 4:30 pm – 4:50 pm and Standards Spotlight Theater Thursday, 12 July • ArcGIS Enterprise: Best Practices for Layers and Service Types • SDCC – 16B • 10:00 am – 11:00 am • ArcGIS Pro: Creating Vector Tiles • SDCC – 17B • 10:00 am – 11:00 am • Web Mapping: Making Large Datasets Work in the Browser • SDCC – 16B • 1:00 pm – 2:00 pm • Caching Maps and Vector Tile Layers: Best Practices • SDCC – 04 • 4:00 pm – 5:00 pm • Understanding and Styling Vector Basemaps • SDCC – 10 • 4:00 pm – 5:00 pm Caching Best Practices | Roadmap 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Location Platform Benchmarking Report: 2021
    Wireless Media Location Platform Benchmarking Report: 2021 20 April 2021 Report Snapshot This report updates our annual benchmark of global location companies, which compares Google, HERE, Mapbox and TomTom across capabilities like map making and freshness, meeting automotive industry needs, map and data visualization, and the ability to appeal to developers, among others. HERE demonstrates strength and leadership across most attributes, followed by Google and TomTom, then Mapbox. Wireless Media Contents 1. Executive Summary .................................................................................4 2. Introduction .............................................................................................6 2.1 Defining Location Platforms ........................................................................................................ 6 2.2 Map Making & Maintenance Evolution ....................................................................................... 7 3. Pandemic Opportunities and Challenges .............................................8 4. Evolving Location Sector Demands .................................................... 10 4.1 The Automotive Sector .............................................................................................................. 10 4.2 The Mobility and On-Demand Sector ........................................................................................ 14 4.3 Enterprise ...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • GLL/2015.4.35 GLL Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape No
    K. Król http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/GLL/2015.4.35 GLL Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape No. 4 • 2015, 35–47 PresentAtIon oF oBJeCts And sPAtIAL PHenoMenA on tHe Internet MAP BY MeAns oF net resoUrCe Address PArAMeterIZAtIon teCHnIqUe Karol Król Summary Over the course of several years, web cartography which changed the way of presentation and exchange of information gained new sense. Techniques development and availability of geo- information tools in connection with net data transfer new quality enabled to create maps acces- sible in real time according to user’s preference. The aim of the paper is to characterize and evaluate technique of parameterization for net re- source URL address (Uniform Resource Locator). Examples of maps presented in a browser’s window according to set parameters defined in accordance with rules in force in the range of API programistic interfaces of chosen map services were presented in the paper. Maps devel- oped by URL link parameterization technique were put to functional tests. Moreover, efficiency and utility tests were performed. Performed tests show that creating maps with help of discussed technique needs knowledge and expert abilities which may cause difficulties to less advanced users and its use allows to evoke maps in the browser’s window but in the limited range. Keywords URL resources addressing • web cartography • geo-visualization 1. Introduction The Internet plays bigger and bigger role in interpersonal communication. It is among others influenced by new forms of information transfer, more perfect telecomputer tools and also access to cordless network services. Over the course of several years, web cartography and topic data geo-visualization gained new sense, especially in modeling, analyses and presentation of phenomena occurring in natural environment and having spatial reference [Król and Bedla 2013, Prus and Budz 2014], also in spatial planning [Andrzejewska et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Design of a Multiscale Base Map for a Tiled Web Map
    DESIGN OF A MULTI- SCALE BASE MAP FOR A TILED WEB MAP SERVICE TARAS DUBRAVA September, 2017 SUPERVISORS: Drs. Knippers, Richard A., University of Twente, ITC Prof. Dr.-Ing. Burghardt, Dirk, TU Dresden DESIGN OF A MULTI- SCALE BASE MAP FOR A TILED WEB MAP SERVICE TARAS DUBRAVA Enschede, Netherlands, September, 2017 Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. Specialization: Cartography THESIS ASSESSMENT BOARD: Prof. Dr. Kraak, Menno-Jan, University of Twente, ITC Drs. Knippers, Richard A., University of Twente, ITC Prof. Dr.-Ing. Burghardt, Dirk, TU Dresden i Declaration of Originality I, Taras DUBRAVA, hereby declare that submitted thesis named “Design of a multi-scale base map for a tiled web map service” is a result of my original research. I also certify that I have used no other sources except the declared by citations and materials, including from the Internet, that have been clearly acknowledged as references. This M.Sc. thesis has not been previously published and was not presented to another assessment board. (Place, Date) (Signature) ii Acknowledgement It would not have been possible to write this master‘s thesis and accomplish my research work without the help of numerous people and institutions. Using this opportunity, I would like to express my gratitude to everyone who supported me throughout the master thesis completion. My colossal and immense thanks are firstly going to my thesis supervisor, Drs. Richard Knippers, for his guidance, patience, support, critics, feedback, and trust.
    [Show full text]
  • Iot Bus Navigation System with Optimized Routing Using Machine Learning
    I.J. Information Technology and Computer Science, 2021, 3, 1-15 Published Online June 2021 in MECS (http://www.mecs-press.org/) DOI: 10.5815/ijitcs.2021.03.01 IoT Bus Navigation System with Optimized Routing using Machine Learning Samer I. Mohamed October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA) E-mail: [email protected] Muhamed Abdelhadi October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA) E-mail: [email protected] Received: 06 October 2020; Accepted: 03 January 2021; Published: 08 June 2021 Abstract: As the population in Egypt is ever expanding, it is reflected in the increase of the number of vehicles on the road. Public transportation is the solution and the number of available buses can cover a significant amount of the population demand. However, the outdated state of the transportation infrastructure, the static nature of the lines and indistinct schedules create a confounding and unappealing user experience which prompts the users to stray to cars for their needs. So, an Intelligent Urban Transportation System (IUTS) is a must. IUTS is a multi-layered system which provides the solution for most of these problems. It operates on different layers starting from a real time vehicle tracking for transparent and efficient management of assets, cash-less ticketing done through RFID cards, vehicle health and diagnostic data for creation of automated maintenance schedules and a friendly interactive driver interface. In this paper an approach based on combining all these technologies is discussed where the hardware component is implemented based on System-on-Chip technology with custom hardware to interface with the vehicle.
    [Show full text]