Salix Caprea L

Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group

Tree factsheet images at pages 3 and 4

Salix caprea L. taxonomy author, year Linnaeus 1753 synonym - Family Salicaceae Eng. Name Goat willow; Goat sallow Dutch name Boswilg subspecies - varieties - hybrids S. x reichardtii ( S. caprea x S. cinerea ) cultivars, frequently used -

references Weeda, E.J. 2003. Nederlandse Oecologische Flora, deel 1 Plants for a Future Database; www.pfaf.org/index.html

morphology crown habit tree or shrub, oval max. height (m) 10 max. dbh (cm) >40 actual size Europe year …, d (110) 115, h …, Rie Crathie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland year …, d (…) 66, h 21, Andross Castle, Highland, Scotland actual size Netherlands - leaf length (cm) 5,5-10 leaf petiole (cm) 0,5-1,2 leaf colour upper surface green leaf colour under surface gray- or blue-green leaves arrangement alternate flowering March-April flowering plant dioecious flower monosexual flower diameter (cm) flower male catkins length (cm) 2-4 flower female catkins length (cm) 2-4 pollination insects fruit; length capsule (doosvrucht); 0,2-0,3 cm fruit petiole (cm) <0,1 seed; length seed; .. cm seed-wing length (cm) pappus: approx 0,5 weight 1000 seeds (g) .. seeds ripen June seed dispersal wind, water

habitat natural distribution Europe, W. Asia, Atlas in N.W. Europe since .. B.C. natural areas The Netherlands forests geological landscape types The Netherlands river valleys; dune area; till plateau; coversand area; ice pushed ridges; (Hoek 1997) loess covered terraces forested areas The Netherlands - area Netherlands - % of forest trees in the Netherlands not a forest canopy tree soil type sandy and loamy soils pH-KCl acid soil fertility nutrient moderate light light demanding shade tolerance 2.2 (0=no tolerance to 5=max. tolerance) drought tolerance 2.2 (0=no tolerance to 5=max. tolerance) waterlogging tolerance 2.8 (0=no tolerance to 5=max. tolerance) plant communities in the Netherlands Klasse der wilgenbroekstruwelen: -Salicetum auritae – associatie van Geoorde wilg Klasse der Eiken-Beukenbossen op voedselrijke grond: -Stellario-Carpinetum – Eiken-Haagbeukenbos (niet vermeld in Weeda) Klasse der Eiken-Beukenbossen op voedselarme grond: -Fago-Quercetum – Beuken-Eikenbos (niet vermeld in Weeda)

management status Europe ? status The Netherlands infrequent indigenous species application nature shrub propagation cuttings regeneration planting; natural regeneration from seed optimal gap size for regeneration first plantation Netherlands - resprouting after cutting good growth rate (M.A.I. in m 3ha -1j-1) slow (data unknown) diseases insects Phytodecta viminalis – leaf beetle – Roodbruine wilgenhaantje Trachys minuta – leaf beetle - Wilgenprachtkevertje wood wood Willow (Dutch: wilgen) wood structures key characteristics of pores - vol. mass heartwood (kg/m3) - elastic modulus (N/mm 2) -

durability heartwood fungus 5 heartwood color white sapwood color white contents products none (small shrub)

non-timber products leaves and branches for fodder bark salicylic acid for medicinal purposes

Ülo Niinemets and Fernando Valladares. 2006. Tolerance to shade, drought, and waterlogging of temperate Northern Hemisphere trees and shrubs. Ecological Monographs 76:521–547

Goat willow leaves winter buds female flowers

Goat willow, seedling

Thomé, 1885