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Full Issue, Vol. 55 No. 2 Great Basin Naturalist Volume 55 Number 2 Article 17 4-21-1995 Full Issue, Vol. 55 No. 2 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation (1995) "Full Issue, Vol. 55 No. 2," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 55 : No. 2 , Article 17. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol55/iss2/17 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. T H E GREAT BASINB A S I1 N naturalistnaturalist A VOLUME 55 n2na 2 APRIL 1995 BRIGHAM YOUNG university GREAT BASIN naturalist editor assistant editor RICHARD W BAUMANN NATHAN M SMITH 290 MLBM 190 MLBM PO box 20200 PO box 26879 brigham young university brigham young university provo UT 84602020084602 0200 provo UT 84602687984602 6879 8013785053801 378 5053 8013786688801 378 6688 FAX 8013783733801 378 3733 emailE mail nmshbllibyuedunmshbll1byuedu associate editors MICHAEL A BOWERS PAUL C MARSH blandy experimental farm university of center for environmental studies arizona virginia box 175 boyce VA 22620 state university tempe AZ 85287 J R CALLAHAN STANLEY D SMITH museum of southwestern biology university of department of biology new mexico albuquerque NM university of nevada las vegas mailing address box 3140 hemet CA 92546 las vegas NV 89154400489154 4004 JEFFREY J JOHANSEN PAUL T TUELLER department of biology john carroll university department of environmental resource sciences university heights OH 44118 university of nevada reno 1000 valley road reno NV 89512 BORIS C kondratieff department of entomology colorado state ROBERT C WHITMORE university fort collins CO 80523 division of forestry box 6125 west virginia university Morganmorgantowntown WV 26506612526506 6125 editorial board berranjerran T flinders chairman botany and range science duke S rogers zoology william hess botany and range science all are at brigham young university ex officio editorial board members include steven L taylor college of biology and agriculture H duane smith director monte L bean life science museum richard W baumann editor great basin naturalist the great basin naturalist founded in 1939 is published quarterly by brigham young university unpublished manuscripts that further our biological understanding of the great basin and surrounding areas in western north america are accepted for publication subscriptions annual subscriptions to the great basin naturalist for 1995 are 25 for individual sub- scriscribersbers 30 outside the united states and 50 for institutions the price of single issues is 12 all back issues are in print and available for sale all matters pertaining to subscriptions back issues or other busi- ness should be directed to the editor great basin naturalist 290 MLBM PO box 20200 brigham young university provo UT 84602020084602 0200 scholarly exchanges libraries or other organizations interested in obtaining the great basin naturalist through a continuing exchange of scholarly publications should contact the exchange librarian 6385 HBLL PO box 26889 brigham young university provo UT 84602688984602 6889 editorial production staff joanne abel technical editor jan spencer assistant to the editor copyright C 1995 by brigham young university ISSN 001736140017 3614 official publication date 21 april 1995 4-49595 750 13821 the great basin naturalist PUBLISHED AT PROVO UTAH BY BRIGHAM YOUNG university ISSN 001736140017 3614 VOLUME 55 30 APRIL 1995 no 2 great basin naturalist 552 0 1995 appp 95 104 DIETS OF YOUNG COLORADO SQUAWFISH AND OTHER SMALL FISH IN backwaters OF THE GREEN RIVER COLORADO AND UTAH robert T muthlmuth1muchl and darrel E snyderlsnyderssnyder1 ABSTRACT we compared diet of young of year colorado squawfish ptychocheilus lucius an endangered cyprinid with diets of other fish 75 minmm total length TL collected from backwaters of the green river between river kilome- ters 555 and 35 during summer and autumn 1987 species included native rhinichthysrhimchthys osculus catostomus discobolus and C latipinnislatipinmslatiiatipinnis and nonnative cyprinellaCyp rinella lutlutrensisrensis notropis stramineusstrastramineousmineus pimephales kromelaspropromelasmelas ictalurus punctatuspunctatus and Lepolepomisinis cyancyanellusellus for each species diet varied with size and between upper and lower river reaches but not between seasons for fish of similar size larval chironomids and ceratopogonids were principal foods of most fishes Copecopepodscopepodapods and cladoceranscladoceianscladocerans were important in diets ofofeF lucius 21 mm TL and L cyancyanellusellus 31 minmm TL catostoniuscatostomus discobolus was the only species that ate moderate amounts of algae fish all larvae were in digestive tracts of only 10 P lucius 21 73 mm TL about 1 ofofeP lucius analyzed high diet overlap occurred between some size reach groups ofofeP lucius and C lutlutrensisrensis R osculus C latipinnislatipmnislatiiatipinnis LI1 punctpunctatusatus and L cyancyanellusellus potential for food competition between young of year P lucius and other fishes in backwaters appeared greatest with the very abundant C lutlutrensisrensis key words ptychocheilus lucius Cypcyprinellarinella lutienlutiutlutiensislutrensisrensissis nonnative fishes young of year diets diet overlap backwaters green river wild populations of federally endangered colorado squawfish nesler et al 1988 haines colorado squawfish ptychocheilus lucius per- and tyus 1990 tyus and haines 1991 ichthyo- sist only in the upper colorado river basin fauna of these backwaters is dominated by they are most abundant in the green and nonnative fishes especially red shiner capricypri yampa rivers of eastern utah and northwest- nella lutlutrensisrensis tyus et al 1982 haines and ern colorado tyus 1991a decline of this and tyus 1990 this observation has led to a hy- other native fishes in the colorado river basin popothesisthesis that nonnativenormative fishes adversely affect has been attributed to habitat alterations survival of young colorado squawfish through caused by water development and introduc- competition or predation stanford 1993 sug- tion and proliferation of nonnative fishes gested that strong food web interactions be- carlson and muth 1989 minckley 1991 tween native and nonnativenormative fishes probably backwaters of the green river below its occur but dietary relationships have not been confluence with the yampa river are impor- adequately documented haines and tyus tant nursery areas for young of year YOY 1990 ruppert et al 1993 our objectives larvalI1 fish laboratory department of fishery and wildlife biology colorado state university foitroitroltfort collins CO 80523 95 96 GREAT BASIN naturalist volume 55 were to 1 describe diets of YOY colorado contributed by each taxon to total volume of squawfish and other small fish in backwaters food in each digestive tract larimore 1957 of the green river and 2 examine diet overlap mathur 1977 for diet analyses food item and potential for competition with colorado taxa total of 124 were grouped into 20 family squawfish order or broader based categories sometimes divided according to habitat eg aquatic or METHODS terrestrial data for each fish species were stratified samples of small fish were provided by the according to length lomm10 mm TL or larger inter- US fish and wildlife service field station at vals by season summer or autumn within river vernal UT these were collected from back- reach upper or lower only subsets with at waters of the green river during summer 30 least six fish containing food were included in june 27 august and autumn 22 september analyses diet measures calculated for each 10 december 1987 the study area extends subset were 1 mean percentage each food from confluence of the green and yampa category contributed to total volume of food in rivers in echo park dinosaur national monu- each digestive tract mean of volume percent- ment CO to turks head in canyonlandsCanyon lands ages and 2 percentage of all digestive tracts national park UT river kilometer RK 555 in which each food category occurred per- to 35 above confluence with the colorado centage of occurrence wallace 1981 evalu- river upper and lower reaches are divided at ated several diet measures and concluded that sand wash RK 346 UT a convenient access mean of volume percentages is the best mea- point just above desolation canyon each sure for calculating overlap however per- river reach began with a rocky high gradient centage of occurrence is useful for describing 13131.3 212.1 mkmmam segment and continued with a general variations in diet wallace 1981 sand and silt laden low gradient 02og020.2 040.4 bowen 1983 mkmmam segment known for relatively high similarities in diet by subset between colo- catches of YOY colorado squawfish haines rado squawfish and other fishes were evaluat- and tyus 1990 tyus and haines 1991 the ed by schoenerschooner s 1970 resource overlap river was further divided into 8 km sections index starting from a random location within each n reach to help assure an even distribution of oc 1 05pxi05yosy I1 axipxi pyl collection sites backwaters were defined as shallow typltypi- il where n is the number of food categories axipxi cally 0.5 m 05os05 in maximum depth ephemeral is the proportion of food category i expressed embaymentsembay with ments negligible water velocity as mean of volume
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