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The Relationship Between Adolescents' Use of Internet-Enabled Mobile Devices and Engaging in Problematic Digital Behaviors

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The Relationship Between Adolescents' Use of Internet-Enabled Mobile Devices and Engaging in Problematic Digital Behaviors Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2016 The Relationship Between Adolescents' Use of Internet-enabled Mobile Devices and Engaging in Problematic Digital Behaviors Ryan Atwood Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Atwood, Ryan, "The Relationship Between Adolescents' Use of Internet-enabled Mobile Devices and Engaging in Problematic Digital Behaviors" (2016). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 4874. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4874 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADOLESCENTS’ USE OF INTERNET-ENABLED MOBILE DEVICES AND ENGAGING IN PROBLEMATIC DIGITAL BEHAVIORS by Ryan Atwood A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Family and Human Development Approved: ________________________ __________________________ Troy E. Beckert, Ph.D. Kay Bradford, Ph.D. Major Professor Committee Member ________________________ __________________________ Elizabeth B. Fauth, Ph.D. Randall M. Jones, Ph.D. Committee Member Committee Member ________________________ __________________________ Brian K. Warnick, Ph.D. Mark R. McLellan, Ph.D. Committee Member Vice President for Research and Dean of the School of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2016 ii Copyright © Ryan Atwood 2016 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT The Relationship Between Adolescents’ Use of Internet-enabled Mobile Devices and Engaging in Problematic Digital Behaviors by Ryan Atwood, Doctor of Philosophy Utah State University, 2016 Major Professor: Dr. Troy E. Beckert Department: Family, Consumer, and Human Development The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between teenagers’ use of mobile Internet devices and their involvement in risky digital behaviors, including problematic Internet use, exposure to pornography, and participation in sexting. A cross- sectional correlational design using a sample (N = 97) of teens aged 13-18 was used. Linear regression analyses revealed that teens using smartphones as their primary source of Internet access were most likely to receive sexting requests, while teens using computers to access the Internet were most likely to intentionally view pornography. Additionally, teens who used multiple mobile devices to connect to the Internet and teens who had owned at least one mobile Internet device for longer periods of time were most likely to have higher levels of problematic Internet use. Contextual factors such as age, gender, family structure, religious commitment, attachment to parents, and parental monitoring of online activities were also examined to determine their relationship to the aforementioned outcomes. Consistent with adolescent iv developmental trajectories, older teens reported higher rates of pornography exposure and sexting requests, and indicated a greater willingness to participate in sexting. However, younger teens who used smartphones as their primary source of Internet access were just as likely as older teens to have received requests to sext. Males had higher rates of pornography exposure and were more willing than females to send sexual messages to their significant other. Females, on other hand, were asked to sext more frequently. Teens with high levels of religious commitment had the lowest levels of pornography exposure and participation in sexting. Among the parental variables examined, teens’ attachment to their parents was most significantly related to the studies’ outcomes. Strongly attached teens had lower levels of problematic Internet use, pornography exposure, and participation in sexting than their peers who were not as strongly attached to their parents. (176 pages) v PUBLIC ABSTRACT The Relationship Between Adolescents’ Use of Internet-enabled Mobile Devices and Engaging in Problematic Digital Behaviors Ryan Atwood The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between teenagers’ use of mobile Internet devices and their involvement in risky digital behaviors, including problematic Internet use, exposure to pornography, and participation in sexting. A sample of teens between the ages of 13-18 was used for this study. It was found that teens who used smartphones as their primary source of Internet access were most likely to receive sexting requests, while teens using computers to access the Internet were most likely to intentionally view pornography. Additionally, teens who used multiple mobile devices to connect to the Internet and teens who had owned at least one mobile Internet device for longer periods of time were most likely to have higher levels of problematic Internet use. While older teens predictably had higher rates of pornography exposure and requests to sext, along with a greater willingness to participate in sexting than younger teens, an important finding from this study was that younger teens who used smartphones as their primary source of Internet access were just as likely as older teens to have received requests to sext. Parental factors such as monitoring teens’ use of the Internet and parent-child relationships were also examined in this study. It was found that teens who reported strong relationships with their parents were less likely to struggle with problematic vi Internet use and had lower rates of pornography exposure and participation in sexting. This finding underscores the important role that parents can play in guiding their teens to make healthy online choices. vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I express thanks to my committee members who were so willing to provide useful guidance and feedback. Each of them was very helpful and cooperative with me, and I appreciate the expertise and insights that each had to offer. I am especially appreciative of Dr. Troy Beckert for his patience, flexibility, mentorship, and friendship. Troy truly cared about helping me succeed throughout my time in this program. In spite of my own doubts about my abilities throughout the process, I always knew that Troy believed in me; and for that I am grateful. Thanks to my children, Luke, Claire, and Spencer, for allowing Daddy to be gone sometimes when you wanted to play instead. Foremost, I am grateful to my wife, Paige. This achievement would not have been possible without your support and encouragement. Thank you for helping me to know that I should pursue a doctoral degree and for taking a heavier burden upon yourself in order for it to happen. Ryan Atwood viii CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... iii PUBLIC ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................ vii LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................................x CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................1 II. LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................7 Problematic Internet Use ..................................................................9 Pornography ...................................................................................14 Sexting ...........................................................................................17 Parental Mediation of Teenage Media Use ....................................22 Parental Attachment .......................................................................26 Mobile Devices Through the Lens of Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Model ......................................................................28 Summary ........................................................................................34 III. METHODS ................................................................................................36 Research Design .............................................................................36 Subjects ..........................................................................................36 Procedures ......................................................................................37 Measures ........................................................................................39 IV. RESULTS ..................................................................................................47 Internet Use Characteristics ...........................................................47 Teens’ Primary Source of Internet Access .....................................57 Potential Moderators ......................................................................76 Relationship amongst Parenting Variables ....................................83 Device Ownership as Moderator ...................................................85 Summary ........................................................................................93 ix Page V. DISCUSSION ............................................................................................95 Internet Use
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