Pinduoduo Inc
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Pinduoduo Inc. Equity Research Target Price: 28,82$ Current Price: 169,43$ Downside Potential: -82,1% Recommendation: UNINVESTABLE Investment Horizon: 1 Year Vienna, January 29th, 2021 - 1 - © WUTIS Team – Overview Equity Research Jan Iryna Benedikt Katrin Tanson Zginnyk Lucny Haas Director Associate Analyst Analyst ▪ Task distribution ▪ Market & industry ▪ Business model ▪ Business model ▪ Story guideline analysis ▪ Industry analysis ▪ Financial analysis ▪ Valuation ▪ Peer benchmarking ▪ HR analysis ▪ Management analysis ▪ Valuation ▪ BSc. (WU) – 7th Sem. ▪ BSc. (WU) – 3rd Sem. ▪ BSc. (WU) – 2nd Sem. ▪ BSc. (WU) – 5th Sem. ▪ BSc. Pharma – 5th Sem. - 2 - © WUTIS Agenda 1 Executive summary 4 2 Business description 6 3 Market outlook 13 4 Competitive landscape 21 5 Questionable financials 24 6 Benchmarking 28 7 Risk analysis 34 8 Catalysts 36 9 Conclusion 38 - 3 - © WUTIS Share price performance PDD has experienced a tremendous growth in share price and a lofty valuation since 2020 Share price – Major Events $180 ▪ [1] April 2019 (-5%) – Financial Times cash $160 burn criticism [5] $140 ▪ [2] August 2019 (+39%) – Q2 2020 results – $120 Pinduoduo beats estimates & GMV strength [4] ▪ [3] April 2020 (+35%) – Strategic partnership $100 with GOME (financing of struggling retailer) $80 ▪ [4] August 2020 (-19%) – Q2 2020 results – [3] Pinduoduo missed top-line estimates $60 [1] [2] ▪ [5] November 2020 (+21%) – Q3 2020 results $40 – Pinduoduo beats expectations (89% Y/Y revenue growth) & Q3 report shows $20 “investments paying off” $0 Source: Yahoo Finance, SeekingAlpha - 4 - © WUTIS Investment thesis A cash-burning business model, potential fraud and no plan for the future; PDD is uninvestable Key investment highlights 1 Pinduoduo has grown almost exponentially since its foundation in 2015 and is on the run to outpace its competitors in terms of GMV1 2 The company’s shareholder structure, management, financials Unprecedented Misleading growth rates and relations with independent parties are opaque and deceiving numbers 6 1 3 Pinduoduo’s growth is founded only on its expensive subsidy program that is fueled by investors´ money and enables the company to offer products at a cheaper price 5 2 Powerful and 4 better positioned Non-transparency While management has spoken about the idea of becoming China’s competitors “first” agricultural e-commerce company, there are no clear plans or 4 3 transactions showing how it will achieve this goal 5 Well-established competitors and new entrants compete with Pinduoduo in its main market and already have the necessary Ambiguous future Unsustainable infrastructure to enable online grocery shopping strategy business model 6 Pinduoduo’s reported numbers seem unrealistic and might be embellished, underscored by the fact that explanatory details in the financial statements are missing 1Total value of all orders for products and services placed on Pinduoduo, regardless of whether actually sold, - 5 - © WUTIS delivered, or returned. Shipping costs are included Pinduoduo WUTIS - Equity Research Business Description - 6 - © WUTIS Company overview Pinduoduo Inc. is the holding company of a Chinese mobile e-commerce platform Business description Initial public offering Management team ▪ Pinduoduo Inc. is a Chinese e-commerce platform operator ▪ Date: July 26, 2018 ▪ Zheng Huang offering value-for-money merchandise and an interactive shopping ▪ Stock exchange: NASDAQ Chairman & Founder experience through its same-named mobile platform ▪ Ticker: PDD ▪ Lei Chen ▪ Business segments: Online marketplace services (90%) & CEO since 07/20 ▪ Initial Price: $19,00 Transaction services (10%) ▪ Zhenwei Zheng ▪ Opening Trade: $26,50 ▪ Founded: September 2015 Senior VP of Product ▪ Closing Price: $26,70 ▪ Headquarters: Shanghai, China Development since 01/16 ▪ Offering led by Credit ▪ Employees: 5,828 ▪ Junyun Xiao Suisse, Goldman Sachs & Senior VP of Operation ▪ Auditor: Ernst & Young Hua Ming LLP1 China Renaissance since 01/16 ▪ Jing Ma VP of Finance since 07/20 Key financial metrics Shareholder structure in RMB tsd. 2016 2017 2018 2019 Revenues 504.864 1.774.076 13.119.990 30.141.886 12.4% Zheng Huang YoY growth 245% 641% 220% 29.4% 6.2% Tencent Holdings Limited Costs of revenues (544.870) (722.830) (2.905.249) (6.338.778) Banyan Partners Fund li, L.p. Gross margin -8% 58% 78% 79% 7.7% Sequoia Capital China Operating expenses (791.074) (2.339.800) (23.919.731) (38.680.097) Qubit GP Ltd Operating loss (286.210) (595.724) (10.799.741) (8.538.211) 8.2% BlackRock Inc. Operating margin -34% -82% -28% 22.4% Other Net loss (291.977) (525.115) (10.217.125) (6.967.603) 13.7% Total Debt/Equity 0% 0% 0% 25% Source: PDD Annual Report 2018 & 2019, investors.com, sec.gov, fintel.io - 7 - © WUTIS 1Same auditor (Independent Franchise of EY) as fraudulent company “Luckin Coffee” Business model Together, maybe more savings for consumers, probably less fun for investors deliver goods share with friends deliver goods Group Social Media buyers Merchants Group purchase pay deposits, advertising & transaction fees purchase Users gives discounts and raffles Platform Pinduoduo Merchants Customers ▪ Products get subsidized ▪ Pay deposits but no platform ▪ Customer base = not loyal ▪ Revenue Income: 90% comes fees ▪ Price sensitive & benefit from from online marketing services & ▪ Ships goods via 3rd party logistic, discounts of up to 90% 10% from transaction mainly China post (pay on own) ▪ Reside in rural areas ▪ Pay 0.6% of each transaction on platform as payment fee The business model is not sustainable as Pinduoduo is burning huge amounts of cash while not generating a loyal customer base Source: Financial Times, Forbes, pinduoduo S-1 filing, Team Analysis - 8 - © WUTIS Target group & monetization Pinduoduo monetizes its users through cheap advertising services for merchants Distribution of PDD users (%) User distribution by age (%) 40% 37% 36% 36% 11% 33% 35% 31% 29% 32% 30% 23% 25% 22% 21% Age Gender 48% 52% 20% 36% 15% 11% 11% 10% 10% 5% 21% 0% 18-25 26-35 36-45 46 and above Female Male 18-25 26-35 36-45 46 and above New Uninstalled Active Revenue breakdown (RMB m) – The unusual case of a marketplace, not monetizing on sales 16000 1.4% 14000 1.20% 1.2% 1.07% 0.97% 12000 1.03% 1.03% 0.98% 1.0% 10000 0.89% 0.96% 0.84% 0.82% 0.8% 8000 0.70% 0.60% 0.6% 6000 0.57% 0.4% 4000 0.27% 2000 0.18% 0.2% 0 0.0% Q1 17 Q2 17 Q3 17 Q4 17 Q1 18 Q2 18 Q3 18 Q4 18 Q1 19 Q2 19 Q3 19 Q4 19 Q1 20 Q2 20 Q3 20 Online Marketing Services Other Monetization rate Source: Aurora Mobile „Comprehensive analysis on PDD data“, company report, Team Analysis - 9 - © WUTIS NoteMonetization rate is calculated as revenue divided by GMV History Founded in 2015, PDD is said to be China’s fastest growing e-commerce company Company Development Unprecedented Gross Merchandise Volume growth ▪ Pinduoduo reached the same GMV figure in 5 2015 Sep 2015 2011 years that its main competitors Alibaba and Pinhaohuo Pinduoduo JD.com needed more than 14 years to achieve Shanghai Xunmeng Social e-commerce Same concept applied Online gaming platform ▪ This might be best explained by Pinduoduo’s platform for groceries to online marketplace subsidy-fueled spending spree to attract neglected lower tier consumers in bn Until 2016 ¥ 1,600 Hangzhou Tuxian Dec 2015 ¥ 1,400 Logistics providing Private Equity funding fulfilment services for round of $110 m ¥ 1,200 fresh produce ¥ 1,000 ¥ 800 ¥ 600 2018 Jul 2018 Selling of Hangzhou ¥ 400 Initial Public Offering Tuxian Logistics, of $1,626 bn ¥ 200 followed by bankruptcy ¥ 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 GMV PDD 4 year lagged GMV JD.com 2021 2019 - 2020 Jul 2020 Change in business Several funding rounds Lei Chen succeeding ”GMV”: Total value of all orders for products and services model back to in total of Colin Huang as CEO placed on Pinduoduo, regardless of whether actually Pinhaohuo concept? $3,3 bn sold, delivered, or returned. Shipping costs are included. Source: Financial times, PDD annual report, m.chinaknowledge.com, JD.com quarterly reports - 10 - © WUTIS Management Two men concentrate Pinduoduo management functions between them, without a CFO Founder & former CEO Zheng Huang Shareholder structure after Huang’s resignation ▪ MSc in Computer Science from the University of May 2020 June 2020 Wisconsin (2014) ▪ Worked on setting up Google China ▪ Serial entrepreneur & founder of Ouku.com (2007), 29% Leqee (2009), & Lebbay (2011) 44% 56% ▪ No direct ownership in any of these companies 57% ▪ Transferred majority ownership in PDD’s VIE to Lei 4% Chen in May 2018 8% ▪ Stepped down as CEO and transferred 35 % of his 2% Born 1979/80 in shares in May 2020 Hangzhou Rest Starry Night Charitable ▪ Has remained chairman of board of director Trust ▪ First partner in Pinduoduo Partnership Huang Pinduoduo Partnership Current CEO Lei Chen Vice President of Finance history ▪ Founding member & former CTO VP of CEO (Huang) VP of CEO (Huang) acting as CFO Finance as CFO Finance ▪ Doctoral degree in Computer Science from University of Wisconsin ▪ Interned at Google, Yahoo, IBM ▪ Worked at Ouku.com ▪ Second partner in Pinduoduo Partnership 09/15 06/18 07/18 04/19 05/19 06/20 07/20 ▪ Established with Huang’s share transfer to “act as cultural guardian” and “assisting board of Tian Xu resigned after Jing Ma announced as directors to select directors and the CEO” 10 months because of VP of Finance after Born 1979/80 “personal reasons” Huang’s resignation ▪ Only two partners are Huang and Chen Source: Financial